Nepali-English Dictionary

compiled by Karl-Heinz Krmer

South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg
(updated: 14 April 2007)
aba

ca

adv.

now, from now on

abaddha

cfa$

n./adj.

bound, tied up confined

abela

ca]nf

n./adj.

lateness, late

aber

ca]/

adj.

late

aber bhayo

ca]/ eof]

comp.

it is late

abhas

cfef;

n.

abhav

cefj

n.

abhaya

ceo

n.

glimpse, shadow,
reflection, vision, faint
memory, inkling
non-existence, absence,
lack, scarcity
lack of fear

abhibhavak

cleefjs

n.

guardian

abhilekh

clen]v

n.

inscription

abhinaya

clego

n.

mimicry, imitation

abhiprerit

clek|]l/t

adj.

motivated

abhipret

clek|]t

adj.

planned

abhiram

cle/fd

adj.

abhiruci

cle?lr

n.

abhivriddhi

clej[l$

n.

extremely beautiful,
sublime
inclination, earnest desire,
liking
development

abhiyan

cleofg

n.

abhiyog

cleof]u

n.

abhiyukta

cleoQm

adj.

expedition, march,
exploration
accusation, allegation,
charge
accused

abhrak

ce|s

n.

mica, talco (a soft mineral)

abhyas

cEof;

n.

practice

abrak

ce|v

n.

mica, talco (a soft mineral)

acamma

crDd

n.

acamma lagnu

crDd nfUg

v.i.

acamma parnu

crDd kg{

v.i.

surprise, wonder,
amazement
to be surprised, to be
amazed, to be astonished
to be surprised, to be
amazed, to be astonished

acamma parnu

crDd kg{

v.t.

acanak

crfgs

adv.

acano

crfgf]

n.

to surprise, to amaze, to
astonish
suddenly, abruptly,
unexpectedly
cutting board for meat

acanu

crfg

n.

cutting board for meat

acar

crf/

n.

acar

cfrf/

n.

hot and sour pickle, pickles,

chutney, salsa
conduct, behaviour

acaran

crf/)f

n.

accer

cRr]/

n.

acel

cr]n

adv.

achut

c%t

adj.

achuti

c%tL

n.

achutoddhar

c%tf]$f/

n.

ad

cf*

n.

reformation of
untouchables
support, prop

adalat

cbfnt

n.

law court

adambar

cf*Da/

n.

conceit, ostentation

adan-pradan

cfbfgk|bfg

n.

adarniya

cfb/)fLo

adj.

adarniya sadasya

cfb/)fLo ;b:o

n.

giving and taking of things,

exchange, social
communication, give and
take
respectable, deserving
honour
honorary member

adarsh

cfbz{

n.

ideal, value

adarvaci

cfb/jfrL

adj.

polite

adaunu

c*fpg

v.t.

adda

c*\*f

n.

to support, to hold up, to

stop
office; court of law

adesh

cfb]z

n.

adha

cfwf

adj.

order, instruction,
command
half

adhai baje

c(fO ah]

adv.

half past two

adhaini

c(fOgL

n.

the senior woman in a

conduct, behaviour,
practice
letter [of the alphabet],
[written] character, [except
numerals], alphabet,
syllable
these days, nowadays,
recently, presently
untouchable, of lowest
caste
untouchable, lowest caste

adham

cwd

adj.

adhar

cfwf/

n.

palace harem
mean, low, wretched, base,
vile
foundation, basis, support

adharat

cfwf/ft

n.

midnight

adharbhut

cfwf/e'^

adj.

basic, fundamental

adharit

cfwfl/t

adj.

based upon

adharit cha

cfwfl/t %

adharma

cwd{

n.

sinfulness, irreligiousness

adhi

cfwL

adj.

almost a half

adhikar

clwsf/

n.

adhikari

clwsf/L

n.

adhikrit

clws[t

adj.

adhiraj

clw/fh

n.

adhirajkumar

clw/fhsdf/

n.

right, authority, procession,

proprietorship
officer, one having
authority, magistrate,
proprietor
authorised, vested with
authority
supreme ruler, sovereign,
overlord
prince

adhirajya

clw/fHo

n.

adhiveshan

clwa]zg

n.

sovereignty, empire,
kingdom
session, meeting, sitting

adhogati

cwf]ult

n.

fall, downfall, degradation

adhunik

cfwlgs

adj.

modern, recent, current

adhyaksha

cWoIf

n.

adhyay

cWofo

n.

chief, master, director,

chairman, superintendent,
supervisor
chapter, section, canto

adhyayan

cWoog

n.

adi

cflb

n./adj.

adijati

cflbhflt

n.

study, learning, tuition,

perusal
beginning, primary, origin,
first, basic; etcetera, etc.
tribe, tribal, autoethon

adikal

cflbsfn

n.

primeval time

adikaran

cflbsf/g

n.

adikavi

cflbslj

n.

first cause, fundamental

cause
first poet, pioneer poet

adikavya

cflbsfJo

n.

first epic, Ramayana

adinu

cl*g

v.i.

to stop

adityavar

cflbtojf/

n.

Sunday

based upon

adivasi

cflbjfl;

n.

adkalnu

c*\sNg

v.t.

adkanu

c*\sg

v.i.

adkaunu

c*\sfpg

v.t.

to get stuck, to be stopped,

to be halted
to cause to stick

adnu

c*\g

v.i.

to stop, to cease moving

aduva

cbjf

n.

ginger

advittiya

cllQo

adj.

agadha

cufw

adj.

agadi

cufl*

postp.

agadi badhaunu

cufl* a(fpg

v.t.

unparalleled, second-tonone
unfathomable, bottomless,
deep
in front of, before, ahead,
toward the front, first
to lead forward

agadi badhnu

cufl* a(\g

v.i.

agal-bagal

cunaun

adv.

agami

cfufdL

adj.

agati

cult

n.

to advance, to move
forward
from left to right, on both
sides
coming, forthcoming,
ensuing
decline, lack of progress

age

cfu]

adj.

before, future, in furute

agena

cu]gf

n.

fireplace, hearth

ageno

cu]gf]

n.

fireplace

aghadi

c#fl*

aghat

cf#ft

n.

in front of, before, toward

the front, first
blow, assault

aghaun

cf#f}+

adv.

next year

aghaunu

c#fpg

v.i.

to be satisfied with eating

aghi

cl#

aghi lagnu

cl# nfUg

v.t.

aghi nai

cl# g}

adv.

aghi sarnu

cl# ;g[{

v.i.

aghi-aghi

cl#cl#

aghillo

cl#Nnf]

adj.
4

aborigine, original
inhabitant
to guess

already, before, previously,

formerly, facing, in front of,
ago,
to go first, to go ahead, to
lead, to guide
already, long ago
to advance, to volunteer, to
incite, to instigate
a long time ago, in times
gone by
first, former, front, anterior,

adv.

last, previous
in front of, facing

cl#;Dd

adv.

some other time, before, on

other occasions, generally,
usually, in single file, one
after another, sequentially,
surrounded by
until recently

aglo

cUnf]

adj.

tall, high

aglo

cfUnf]

n.

latch, bolt

aglyaunu

cUNofpg

v.t.

to lock, to pull to [a door]

agni

clUg

n.

fire

agnikand

clUgsf)*

n.

fire, conflagration

ago

cfuf]

n.

fire

agraha

cfu|x

n.

agulto

cuN^f]

n.

desire, longing, craving,

zeal, urging, insistence
piece of burning wood

aguva

cujf

n./adv.

leader, leading

agya

cf!f

n.

agyakari

cf!fsf/L

adj.

order, command,
instruction, permission
obedient

agyan

v!fg

n./adj.

ignorance; ignorant

agyat

c!ft

adj.

unknown, secret, obscure

ahan

cx

int.

no

ahangkar

cxf/

n.

arrogance, conceit

ahar

cfxf/

n.

food, diet

ahara

cfxf/f

n.

food, diet

ahat

cfxt

adj.

struck, beaten

ahile

clxn]

adv.

now, this time

aimai

cfOdfO{

n.

woman

ain

P]g

n.

law, legal code, rule

aina

P]gf

n.

aincatana

P]+rftfgf

adj.

ainselu

P];]n

n.

mirror, looking glass, pane

of glass
out of control, controlled by
outsideforces
yellow raspberry

aipugnu

cfOkUg

v.i.

to arrive

aitavar

cfOtjf/

n.

Sunday

aghiltira

cl#lNt/

aghi-pachi

cl#kl%

aghisamma

aitihasik

P]ltxfl;s

adj.

historical

aja

cfh

adv.

today

aja bihana

cfh laxfgf

comp.

this morning

ajabholi

cfhef]ln

adv.

nowadays

ajakal

cfhsfn

adv.

nowadays

ajan

chfg

adj.

ignorant

ajang

ch

adj.

ajat

chft

adj.

ajatshatru

chftzq

adj.

huge, very big, enormous,

formidable
outcaste, low caste, not
born
having no enemy

ajha

adv.

still, yet, moreover, now

ajhai

c}

conj.

even then, even now

ajivan

cfhLjg

adj.

akad

cs*

n.

akado

cs*f]

adj.

throughout life, for a whole

life-time
insistence, obstinacy,
stubbornness, persistence
obstinate, stubborn

akal

csn

akalpaniya

csNkgLo

adj.

akamakaunu

csdsfpg

v.i.

akamakka

csdSs

adj.

akamakka parnu

csdSs kfg{

v.t.

akangksha

cfsf\Iff

n.

confused, baffled,
disconcerted,
dumbfounded, perplexed
to be confused, to be
baffled, to be in a
quandary, to be taken
aback, to be disconcerted,
to be rattled, to hesitate, to
pause
aspiration

akanksha

cfsf+Iff

n.

wish, desire, intention

akantak

cs)^s

adj.

akapat

csk^

adj.

free from trouble,

unobstructed, thornless
guiltless, frank, open

akar

cfsf/

n.

size, shape, form, outline

akaraniya

cs/)fLo

adj.

akarma

csd{

n.

improper, unfit to be
performed
unnecessary act, wicked

wisdom, intelligence,
cleverness, knowledge,
skilful, clever, wise
unimaginable, unthinkable,
inconceivable
to hesitate, to pause

act
intransitive

akarmak

csd{s

adj.

akarmanya

csd{)o

adj.

akarmi

csdL{

n.

akarna

cs)f{

akarna

csg{

n.

akarsan

cfsif{)f

n.

official record, document,

list of official records
attraction

akartavya

cst{Jo

adj.

improper, unfit to be done

akartha

csfy{

adj.

akash

cfsfz

n.

without cause, pointlessly,

in vain
sky, space

akashe tara-marg

cfsfz] tf/dfu{

n.

cable railway

akashvani

cfsfZjf)fL

n.

radio broadcast

akasmat

cs:dft

adv.

akasmik

cfsl:ds

adj.

akathaniya

csygLo

adj.

akathya

csYo

adj.

akavat

csjt

n.

suddenly, accidentally,
unexpectedly, all of a
sudden
sudden, abrupt, accidental,
casual
inexpressible,
indescribable,
inexpressible, obscene,
indecent
inexpressible,
indescribable,
inexpressible, obscene,
indecent, filthy, unutterable
duty, God

akbar

csa/

n.

akbare

csa/]

adj.

akbari

csa/L

adj.

akelo

cs]nf]

adj.

name of the third Indian

Moghul Emperor
pungent chilli, extraordinary
hot
related to Akbar, pure,
unadulterated
alone

akhabar

cvaf/

n.

newspaper

akhir

cflv/

adv.

at last, eventually

akkal

cSsn

n.

akkali

cSsnL

adj.

knowledge, cleverness,
thought
clever, intelligent

akkase

cSsf;]

adj.

sky-blue

idle, useless, good for

nothing
a do nothing, sinner, evildoer, rogue, villain
deaf, having no ear

akkasinu

cSsfl;g

v.i.

to fly up

akraman

cfqmd)f

n.

attack, invasion

akrista

cfs[i^

adj.

attracted, drawn, charmed

akriti

cfs[lt

n.

size, shape, form, outline

aksar

cS;/

adv.

akshansh

cIff+z

n.

often, frequently, usually,

many, a lot
latitude

akshar

cIf/

n.

aksijan

clS;hg

n.

alag

cnu

alainci

cn}+rL

n.

cardamom

alangkar

cnf/

n.

embellishment

alasya

cfn:o

n.

laziness, idleness

alchi

cN%L

adj.

lazy, idle

alekha

cfn]v

n.

algyaunu

cNUofpg

v.t.

alhad

cfNxfb

n.

writing, script, anything

written
tho lift, to raise, to release,
to set free
delight, fulfilment

ali

cln

adj.

a bit, a little, few

ali

cfnL

n.

alikati

clnslt

adj.

ridge at the edge of a fieldterrace

a little, a small quantity

alilo

clnnf]

adj.

lacking salt, tasteless

aljhanu

cNg

v.i.

to get caught up in

aljhaunu

cNfpg

v.t.

to entangle

alkatra

cnsqf

n.

asphalt

allare

cNnf/]

n.

rover

almalaunu

cNdnfpg

v.t.

to confuse, to lead astray

almalinu

cndlng

v.i.

almari

cfNdf/L

n.

to be bewildered, to be
amazed, to be confused
shelves, cupboard

alocana

cfnf]rgf

n.

criticism, critique

alocanatmak

cfnf]rgfTds

adj.

critical

letter [of the alphabet],

[written] character, [except
numerals], alphabet,
syllable
oxygen
separate, different

alok

cfnf]s

n.

alpamat

cNkdt

n.

enlightenment, light,
brightness
minority

alsi

cN;L

adj.

lazy, idle

alu

cfn

n.

potato

alu tachnu

cfn tf%\g

v.t.

to peel off potatoes

alubakhada

cfnav*f

n.

plum-tree

am

cfd

adj.

common, general

ama

cfdf

n.

mother

amai

cfd}

n.

grandmother [rural]

amaju

cfdfh'

n.

husband's elder sister

amala

cdnf

n.

a kind of fruit [sour-sweet]

amanav

cdfgj

adj.

inhuman

amanya

cdfGo

adj.

unaccepted, unobeyed

amar

cd/

adj.

immortal, undying

amarkosh

cd/sf]z

n.

amba

cDaf

n.

(a Sanskrit dictionary
compiled by Amar Singh)
guava

amdani

cfDbfgL

n.

income

amdani badhaune

cfdbfgL a(fpg]

n.

income generating

amilo

cldnf]

adj.

sour

amir

cdL/

adj.

wealthy, rich

amiri

cdL/L

adj.

wealthy, rich

amkhora

cDvf]/f

n.

amnirvacan

cfdlgjf{rg

n.

brass pot for drinking from,

tumbler
general elections

amol

cdf]n

adj.

priceless, invaluable

amrit

cd[t

n./adj.

elixir, nectar; immortal

amulya

cd'No

adj.

priceless, invaluable

amurta

cd't{

adj.

formless

an

int.

yes

anadarvaci

cgfb/jfrL

adj.

non-honorific [ling.]

anadi

cgflb

adj.

analamaya

cgndo

adj.

having no beginning, selfborn

fiery

anand

cfgGb

n.

happiness

anandi

cfgGbL

adj.

happy

ananta

cgGt

adj.

infinite, endless

anar

cgf/

n.

pomegranate

anarsa

cg;f{

n.

anashan

cgzg

n.

a kind if sweet bread made

of rice flour, sugar and
butter
fasting

anatha

cgfy

adj.

uncared for, orphaned

anautha

cgf}&f

adj.

anautho

cgf}&f]

adj.

anautikta

cgf}ltQmf

n.

queer, unusual,
extraordinary
queer, unusual,
extraordinary, strange,
peculiar
immorality

anavarat

cgj/t

adj.

unceasing, constant

anbhaunu

cGefpg

v.t.

ancal

c~rn

n.

to say good-bye to the

couple in marriage, to send
away a bride
zone

ancal adalat

c~rn cbfnt

n.

zonal court

ancal nyayadhish

c~rn GofofwLif

n.

zonal judge

ancal prashasan

c~rn k|zf;g

n.

zonal administration

ancal sabha

c~rn ;ef

n.

zonal assembly

ancaladhish

c~rnfwLz

n.

zonal commissioner

ancetnu

cr]&\g

v.t.

anda

cG*f

n.

to discipline, to impress, to
press, to push with force
egg

andaji

cGbfhL

adv.

appropriately, about

anderi

c*]/L

n.

castor-oil plant

andha

cGwf

adj.

blind

andhabhakta

cGweQm

n.

andhakar

cGwsf/

n.

blind follower, superstitious

person
darkness

andheri

cw]/L

adj.

dark, gloomy

andhi

cflw

n.

storm, strong wind

andhiyar

cflwof/

n.

andhopan

cGwf]kg

n.

sharer of half the land or

crop
blindness

andhyaro

cWof/f]

n./adj.

andolan

cfGbf]ng

n.
10

dark, gloomy, sad,

darkness, ignorance, gloom
agitation, riot, movement

andra

cfGb|f

n.

entrails

anduva

c*jf

n.

not castrated animal

aneka

cg]s

adj.

several, many

ang

cf

n.

anga pugnu

c kUg

anga-bhanga

ce

n.

part, body, portion, limb,

procedure
to be the procedure
complete
mutilation of a limb

anga-bhanga garnu

ce ug{

v.t.

angacched

cR%]b

n.

angalnu

cuNg

v.t.

angalo

cufnf]

n.

angan

cfug

n.

angar

cuf/

n.

anga-raksha

c/Iff

n.

to adopt, to accept, to
follow, to embrace, to hug
hug, embrace, armful, the
bent arm
yard, courtyard, house,
home
cinder, ember, the black
substance of charcoal
protection of body

anga-rakshak

c/Ifs

n.

body guard

angethi

cu]&L

n.

anggur

cu'/

n.

iron or clay vessel to carry

fire, portable fireplace
grape

anghi

cf#L

n.

storm, whirlwind, hurricane

angikar

cLsf/

n.

acceptance

angikar garnu

cLsf/ ug{

v.t.

to accept, to follow

angikrit

c+uLs[t

adj.

adopted, agreed, promised

angikrit nagarikta

c+uLs[t gful/stf

n.

adopted citizenship

angikrit nepali
nagarikta
anginti

c+uLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf n.

cglulGt

adj.

countless

angka

n.

angka ra akshar

c / cIf/

numeral, digit, issue,

number [of a periodical],
mark [in an examination],
score, points [in a game],
act [in a drama]
figure and letter

angka ra aksharle
bolaunu
angka-ganit

c / cIf/n] af]nfpg

to call by figure and word

n.

cul)ft

11

to amputate, to dismember,
to mutilate
amputation

adopted Nepali citizenship

arithmetic, mathematics

angkamal

cdfn

n.

embrace

angkapatra

c+skq

n.

label, fillet

angkit

c+lst

adj.

angkuran

c+s/)f

n.

marked, written, endorsed,

encounted
germination, beginning

angocha

cuf]%f

n.

towel, napkin

angrej

c+u|]h

n.

angreji

c+u|]hL

n./adj.

angsha

c+z

n.

angshadan

c+zbfg

n.

Englishman, Westerner,
white man
English, British, English
language
share, division, fragment,
ingredient, contribution,
element, portion, clause,
sub-clause
contribution, donation

angshadhar

c+zw/

n.

share-holder, heir

angshako hak

c+zsf] xs

n.

angshiyar

c+lzof/

n.

heirship, right to the

paternal property
co-heir, sharer, partner

angul

c+un

n.

finger, a finger's breadth

anguli mudra

c+unL db|f

n.

anguli pratimudra

c+unL k|ltdb|f

n.

fingerprint, nameprinted
ring
finger impression

angur

c+u/

n.

grape

ani

clg

conj.

and, then, and then

anicchit

clglR%t

adj.

undesired, unwished for

anikal

clgsfn

n.

famine

anil

clgn

n.

wind

anivarya

clgjfo{

adj.

inevitable

anjali

c~hnL

n.

anjuli

c~hnL

n.

anka

c+s

n.

the open palms of the

hands held together and
slightly cupped, a double
handful, offering in worship,
tribute
the open palms of the
hands held together and
slightly cupped, a double
handful, offering in worship,
tribute
numeral, digit, issue,
number [of a periodical],
mark [in an examination],
score, points [in a game],

12

ankai

csfO{

n.

act [in a drama]

estimate, evaluation

ankanaunu

cGsgfpg

v.i.

to hesitate

ankha

cfvf

n.

eye

ankhako nani

cfvfsf] gfgL

n.

pupil

ankhibhuin

cfvfLe'O

n.

eyebrow

ankuro

cs/f]

n.

ankush

c+sz

n.

shoot, seedling, bud, fresh

shoot of a plant
hook

anmaunu

cGdfpg

v.t.

anna

cGg

n.

to say good-bye to the

couple in marriage, to send
away a bride
grain, food

anna-bhandar

cGge)*f/

n.

granary

anp

cfk

n.

mango

anshu

cfz'

n.

tear, teardrop

ant

cf&

n.

courage, boldness

anta

cf&f

n.

wheat flour

anta

cGt

n.

end, conclusion

anta garnu

cGt ug{

v.t.

to end, to finisch

antai

cGt}

adv.

elsewhere

antar

cGt/

n./adj.

antaral rajya

cGt/fn /fHof

n.

difference, interval; inner,

interbuffer state

antardeshiya

c+tb]{zLo

adj.

inland, domestic

antardeshiya jalpath

c+tb]{zLo hnky

n.

inland waterways

antardeshiya patra

c+tb]{zLo kq

n.

inland letter

antardeshiya vanijya

c+tb]{zLo jfl)fHo

n.

internal trade

antardhvans

c+tWj{;

n.

sabotage

antargat

cGtu{t

adj.

included, comprised

antargrasta

c+tu|{:t

adj.

involved

antarik

cfGtl/s

adj.

interior, inner, internal

antariksha

cGt/LIf

n.

space, universe

antarmukhi

cGtd{lv

adj.

introvert, inward-looking

antarrastriya

cGt/f{li^o

adj.

international

antarrastriya kanun

cGt/f{li^o sfg'g

n.

international law

antarrastriya

cGt/f{li^o db|sf]if

n.

International Monetary

13

mudrakos
antarvarta

cGtjf{tf{

n.

antarvasan

c+tjf{;g

n.

antarvasi

c+tjf{;L

n.

internship, confinement
within prescribed limits
internee

antarvasit

c+tjf{l;t

adj.

interned

antarvasit garnu

c+tjf{l;t ug{

v.t.

to intern

antarvirodh

cGt/lj/f]w

n.

antastha desh

cGt:y b]z

n.

self-contradiction, inner
contradiction
buffer state

anthanabbe

cG&fgAa]

num.

ninety-eight, 98

anthaunna

cG&fpGg

num.

fifty-eight, 58

anthyaunu

c&fpg

v.t.

anti

c+lt

n.

to catch firmly, to seize, to

clutch, to grasp firmly
ultimatum

antim

clGtd

adj.

antis

clGt;

adj.

last, final, conclusive,

ultimate
last

antnu

cf^\g

v.i.

to dare, to take the risk

antya

cGTo

n./adj.

end, last run

antyesti

cGTo]lit

n.

anubhav

cgej

n.

anubhavi

cgelj

adj.

the last rites after death,

funeral ceremony,
obsequies
experience, feeling,
sensation
experienced

anubhuti

cge'lt

n.

anudan

cgbfg

n.

real knowledge,
experience, sensation
grant

anugaman

cgudg

n.

follow-up

anuhar

agxf/

n.

face, countenance

anukramnika

cgqmdl0fsf

n.

contents, list of contents

anukul

cgs'n

adj.

anuman

cgdfg

n.

anumati

cgdlt

n.

anupasthit

cgkl:yt

adj.

favourable, agreeable,
friendly
inference, guess,
presumption
permission, consent,
assent
absent

anupras

cgk|f;

n.

alliteration

14

Fund [IMF]
interview

anurodh

cg/f]w

n.

request, entreaty, prayer

anurodh garnu

cg/f]w ug{

v.t.

anurup

cgk

adj.

anusandhan

cg;Gwfg

n.

to request, to ask for, to

pray
resembling, corresponding,
similar, analogous,
congruous
research, investigation

anusar

cg;f/

postp.

anusaran

cg;/)f

n.

according to, in accordance

with, equivalent to, in
conformity with
compliance, accordance

anushasan

cgzf;g

n.

discipline, instruction

anuvad

cgjfb

n.

translation, immitation

anuvakta

cgjQmf

n.

translator

anuvar

cgjf/

n.

face, countenance

anveshan

cGj]z)f

n.

exploration

anya

cGo

adj.

other

anyatra

cGoq

adj.

anyaya

cGofo

n.

elsewhere, somewhere
else, in some other place
injustice

apaci

ckrL

adj.

undigested, undigestible

apadha

ck(

adj.

illiterate, unlettered

apaharan

ckx/)f

n.

apanaunu

ckgfpg

v.t.

aparadh

ck/fw

n.

aparadhi

ck/fwL

n./adj.

abduction, kidnapping,
usurpation
to adopt, to make use of, to
apply
crime, offence, guilt, fault,
sin
criminal, wrongdoer

aparicit

ckl/lrt

adj.

unknown, unfamiliar

aparjhat

ck/&

adv.

apas

cfk;

n.

apashoc

ckzf]r

n.

suddenly, surprisingly, all of

a sudden
those close to oneself,
relatives
regret, sorrow

apasma

cfk;df

adj.

aphai

cfkm}

adv.

among each other, among

themselves
self, personally

aphisar

clkm;/

n.

officer

aphno

cfkm\Gff]

adj.

one's own

15

aphnu

cfkm\Gf'

adj.

one's own

apil

ckLn

n.

aprakashit

ck|sflzt

adj.

appeal, contradiction,
objection
unpublished

apratyashik

ck|Toflzs

adj.

unexpected, sudden

apravasi

cfk|jf;L

n.

immigrant

apsara

cK;/f

n.

nymph, fairy, spirit

apurva

ck'j{

adj.

new, strange

arab

c/a

num.

one billion, 1.00.00.00.000

arajakta

c/fhstf

n.

anarchy

arakshan

cf/If)f

n.

reservation

aram

cf/fd

n.

comfort, rest

arambha

cf/De

n.

beginning, start

are

c/]

arini

cC)fL

adj.

free from debt

arje

cfh]{

n.

arko

csf]{

adj.

prophecy, prediction,
forecast
another, next, second

arop

cf/f]k

n.

arpanu

ck{g

v.t.

artha

cy{

n.

arthadanda

cy{b)*

n.

finance, wealth, nmeaning,

significance, import,
interpretation, explanation
fine

artha-mantri

cy{dGqL

n.

minister of finance

arthashastra

cy{zf:q

n.

arthat

cyf{t

adv.

arthik

cfly{s

adj.

economics, political
economy
that is to say, in other
words, i.e.
economic, financial

arthik matava

cfly{s dxTj

n.

economic importance

arthyaunu

cYof{pg

v.t.

arti

ctL{

n.

aru

cf

n.

to make sense of, to

understand
advice, counsel, lesson,
instruction, precept, moral
lesson, admonition
peach

aru

adj.

(reported speech marker)

16

imputation, allegation,
insinuation, accusation
to offer up, to dedicate

another, more, either,

further

aru kohi

c sf]xL

arubakhada

cfav*f

n.

plum

asabhya

c;Eo

adj.

uncivilised, uncultured

asadh

c;f(

n.

asadharan

c;fwf/)f

adj.

Asadh or Asar, third month

of the Nepali year [JuneJuly]
unusual, uncommon

asadhya

c;fWo

adj.

very, extremely

asahamati

c;xdlt

n.

asahaya

c;xfo

adj.

disagreement, dissent,
discordance
helpless

asal

c;n

adj.

asali

c;nL

adj.

real, true, pure,

unadulterated, morally
good
real, genuine

asam

cf;fd

n.

Assam

asaman

cf;dfg

n.

sky

asamanta

c;dfGtf

n.

inequality

asamaya

c;do

n.

asamayik

c;fdlos

adj.

asambhava

c;Dej

adj.

untimeliness, bad or
unfitting time
inopportune, untimely,
inconvenient
impossible

asan

cf;g

n.

asanggati

c;+ult

n.

asankhya

c;+Vo

adj.

asanna

cf;Gg

adj.

asantusta

c;Gti&

adj.

asantusti

c;Gtli&

n.

seat, stool, office, post,

posture, throne
incoherence, irrelevance,
absurdity, irrationality,
incompatibility, anomaly
innumerable, countless,
beyond number
imminent, impencing, near,
close
dissatisfied, discontented,
displeased, reluctant
dissatisfaction

asapas

cf;kf;

adv.

nearabout, nearby

asaphal

c;kmn

adj.

unsuccessful, failure

asar

c;f/

n.

asar

c;/

n.

Asadh or Asar, third month

of the Nepali year [JuneJuly]
effect, influence, mark,
authority

someone else

17

asat

c;t\

adj.

ash

cfz

n.

evil, bad, non-existent,

illusory
hope

asha

cfzf

n.

hope

ashangka

cfz+sf

n.

ashanti

czflGt

n.

suspicion, doubt, fear,

dread
lack of peace, unrest

ashaya

cfzo

n.

ashcarya

cfZro{

n.

ashcaryalagdo

cfZro{nfUbf]

adj.

meaning, aim, intention,

purport
wonder, surprise,
astonishment
surprising

ashiksha

clzIff

n.

illiteracy

ashikshit

clzlIft

adj.

ashirvacan

cfzLj{rg

n.

uneducated, unlettered,
illiterate
blessing, benediction

ashirvacan

cfzLj{rg

n.

blessing

ashirvad

cfzLjf{b

n.

blessing, benediction

ashirvad

cfzLjf{b

n.

blessing

ashis

cflzif

n.

blessing, benediction

ashis dinu

cflzif lbg

v.t.

to bless

ashlil

cZnLn

adj.

indecent, vulgar

ashram

cf>d

n.

ashraya

cf>o

n.

ashrit

cfl>t

postp.

hermitage, residential
institute
dependence, resort,
reliance, retreat
depending on, relying on

ashu

cfz

adj.

ashuddha

cz$

adj.

quick, speedily, immediate,

swift
impure

ashutos

cfztf]if

adj.

contended, easily pleased

ashvin

cflZjg

n.

asi

c;L

Ashvin or Asoj, fifth month

of the Nepali year
[September-October]
eighty, 80

asima

c;Ld

adj.

boundless, unlimited

asimit

c;Lldt

adj.

boundless, unlimited

asoj

c;f]h

n.

Ashvin or Asoj, fifth month

of the Nepali year
[September-October]

18

aspast

c:ki&

adj.

aspastata

c:ki&tf

n.

aspatal

c:ktfn

n.

not clear, indistinct, vague,

dim, obscure, blurred,
ambiguous
lack of clarity, uncertainty,
haziness
hospital

astaunu

c:tfpg

v.i.

to set [sun, moon or star]

astha

cf:yf

n.

faith, reverence, veneration

asthipanjar

cl:ykGh/

n.

skeleton

asti

cl:t

adv.

astiko bihibar

cl:tsf] laxLaf/

the day before yesterday,

recently, the other day
last Thursday

astitva

cl:tTj

n.

existence, being, entity

astrashastra

a:qz:q

n.

astreliya

c:&]lnof

n.

weaponry, armament,
arms, weapons
Australien

asuvidha

c;'ljwf

n.

inconvenience

asvabhavik

c:jefljs

adj.

unnatural

asvasth

c:j:y

adj.

unhealthy.morbid

asvikar

c:jLsf/

n.

atah

ctM

conj.

non-acceptance, rejection,
refusal, denial
hence, therefore, thus

atainu

c^fOg

v.i.

to fit into, to be contained

atal

c^n

adj.

atangka

cft

n.

atangkit

cftlt

adj.

firm, irrevocable, resolute,

unwavering, steadfast, still,
unmoving
fear, terror, panic, phobea,
suffering
terrified

ataunu

c^fpg

v.i.

to fit into, to be contained

ateri

c^]/L

adj.

headstrong, obstinate

ath

cf&

num.

eight, 8

athara

c&f/

adj.

eighteen, 18

athasi

c&f;L

adj.

eighty-eight, 88

athaun

cf&f}+

adj.

eighth

athava

cyjf

conj.

or

athcalis

c&rfnL;

adj.

forty-eight, 48

athhattar

c&xQ/

adj.

seventy-eight, 78

athsatthi

c&;&\&L

adj.

sixty-eight, 68

19

athtis

c&tL;

adj.

thirty-eight, 38

ati

clt

adj.

atikraman

cltqmd)f

n.

atirikta

cltl/Qm

adv.

very much, exceeding,

extremely, beyond
infringement,
contravention, violation
extra, additional, excessive

atit

ctLt

n./adv.

past, gone

atithighar

cltly#/

n.

atithishala

cltlyzfnf

n.

atma

cfTdf

n.

guest house, guest

chamber
guest house, guest
chamber
mind, heart, intellect, soul

atmabhiman

cfTdfledfg

n.

self-respect, self-esteem

atmabodhak

cfTdfaf]ws

adj.

reflexive [linguistics]

atmahatya

cfTdxTof

n.

atmanirbhar

cfTdlge{/

n.

atmasamman

cfTd;Ddfg

n.

suicide, self-murder, selfkilling

self-dependence, selfsupport
self-respect, self-regard

atmavibhorta

cfTdljef]/tf

n.

fascination

atmavishvas

cfTdljZjf;

n.

self-confidence

atripti

ct[lKt

n.

attalika

cflnsf

n.

insatiability, lack of
appeasement
balcony, verandah

attar

cQ/

n.

scent, fragrance

atthais

a&&fO{;

adj.

twenty-eight, 28

attinu

cflQg

v.i.

atur

cft/

adj.

atut

c^^

adj.

atuva

c^'jf

n.

to be frightened, to be
nerveous
sick, wounded, impatient,
anxious
unbroken, continuous,
continual
ginger

atyacar

cTofrf/

n.

atyanta

cToGt

adj.

atyavashyak

cTofjZos

adj.

atrocity, tyranny, excess,

outrage, oppression
a lot, much, very much,
exceedingly, utterly,
extremely
very necessary, essential

atyukti

cTolQm

n.

hyperbole, exaggeration

au

cf}

conj.

and

20

aucitya

cf}lrTo

n.

audyogik

cf}Bf]lus

adj.

propriety, appropriateness,
validity
industrial

aunlo

cf}+nf]

n.

finger

aunlyaunu

cf}+Nofpg

v.t.

to point at

aunsi

cf}+;L

n.

aunu

cfpg

v.i.

new moon, last day of the

dark half of the month
to come

aupacarik

cf}krfl/s

adj.

formal, ceremonial

aupacarik adarvaci

cf}krfl/s cfb/jfrL

adj.

formally polite [linguistics]

ausadhipasal

cf}iflwk;n

n.

avadhi

cjlw

n.

avahela

cjx]nf

n.

chemist's (shop),
pharmacy, drugstore
periode, time, limit, term,
duration
neglect, disdain, contempt

avahelna

cjx]ngf

n.

neglect, disdain, contempt

avaj

cfjfh

n.

voice, sound, report, uproar

avakash

cjsfz

n.

free time

avalamban

cjnDag

n.

support, reliance

avalokan

cjnf]sg

n.

look, gaze

avanati

cjglt

n.

decline, downfall

avarodh

cj/f]w

n.

avas

cfjf;

n.

obstruction, hindrance,
impediment, restraint,
taboo
dwelling, place of residence

avasar

cj;/

n.

avasar paunu

cj;/ kfpg

v.t.

opportunity, chance,
occasion, scope
to take a chance

avashya

cjZo

adv.

certainly

avashyak

cfjZos

adj.

avashyakta

cfjZostf

n.

avastha

cj:yf

n.

avasyakta

cfj:oQm

n.

avat-javat

cfjthfjt

n.

avicchinna

cljlRrGg

adj.

necessary, needful,
inevitable
necessity, need,
requirement
condition, state, age,
phase, despondency
need, necessity,
requirement
coming and going,
connection, transmigration
uninterrupted, continuous

21

avikasit

cljsl;t

adj.

undeveloped

avishvas

cljZjf;

n.

aviskar

cfljisf/

n.

distrust, disbelief, nonconfidence, suspicion,

doubt
discovery, invention

avivekpurna

cljj]sk')f{

adj.

avyavastha

cJoj:yf

n.

without reason, for no

reason, unfounded
disorder

ayaram gayaram

cfof/fd uof/fd

n.

frequent defectionist

ayarlaind

cfo/n})*

n.

Ireland

ayog

cfof]u

n.

commission

ayojana

cfof]hgf

n.

project

ba

af

n.

father [colloquially]

babu

afa

n.

father

bacaunu

arfpg

v.t.

to save, to defend, to spare

bada

a*f

adj.

bada hakim

a*f xflsd

n.

big, large, gigantic, og

great size
district officer

badal

afbn

n.

cloud

badam

abfd

n.

peanut

badamash

abdfz

adj.

badanam

abgfd

adj.

wicked, immoral,
mischievous
caluminated, infamous

badha

afwf

n.

badhak

afws

adj.

hinderance, obstacle,
obstruction
hindering, obstructing

badharnu

a(fg{

v.t.

sweep

badhaunu

a(fpg

v.t.

badhi

a(L

adj.

to increase, to make
bigger, to enlarge
more, larger, higher

badhiya

al(of

adj.

badhnu

a(\g

v.i.

badi

abL

n.

bado

a*f]

adj.

fine, nice, superior,

excellent, of good quality
to increase, to grow, to
advance, to go forward, to
flourish
the dark half of a lunar
month; evil, wickedness
big, large, gigantic

bagainca

au}+rf

n.

garden, orchard

bagbani

afuafgL

n.

gardening, horticulture

22

baggi

aUuL

n.

horse carriage

bagh

af#

n.

tiger

bagha

af#f

n.

obstacle

bagnu

aUg

v.i.

to flow, to glide

bagvani

afujfgL

n.

horticulture

bahadur

axfb/

adj.

bahas

ax;

n.

bahattar

axQ/

num.

brave, bold, courageous,

defiant
discussion, argumentation,
debate
seventy-two, 72

bahek

afx]s

postp.

except, besides

bahini

alxgL

n.

younger sister

bahinijvain

alxgLHjfO

n.

younger sister's husband

bahira

aflx/

postp.

outside, at another place

bahira samet

aflx/ ;d]t

bahirapatti

aflx/kl

n.

outside

bahiro

alx/f]

adj.

deaf

bahiskar

alxifsf/

n.

bahra

afx|

num.

expulsion, removal,
exclusion, excommunication
twelve, 12

bahraun

afx|f}+

adj.

twelfth

bahudaliya

axblno

adj.

multiparty

bahudaliya vyavastha

axblno joj:yf

n.

multiparty system

bahumat

axdt

n.

majority

bahumulya

axd'No

adj.

bahun

afxg

n.

valuable, expensive, very

costly
Brahmin

baijani

a}hgL

adj.

purple

baink

a}

n.

bank

bais

afO{;

num.

twenty-two, 22

baisatthi

a};&\&L

num.

sixty-two, 62

baishakh

a}zfv

n.

baithak

a}&s

n.

baj

afh

n.

first month of the Nepali

calendar [April/May]
meeting, session, living
room, sitting room,
reception room
hawk

even outside

23

baje

ah]

baje

afh]

n.

grandfather

bajet

ah]&

n.

budget

bajhnu

a\g

v.i.

to quarrel, to wrangle

bajnu

aHg

v.i.

to sound, to chime

bajyai

aHo}

n.

bakas

afs;

n.

grandmother [lower class],

woman's mother-in-law
[lower class], a Brahmin
woman, an old woman
box

bakas

as;

n.

present, gift, reward

bakhat

avt

n.

bakhri

afv|L

n.

time, period, moment,

opportunity
she-goat

bakhro

afv|f]

n.

goat

bakkulo

aSsnf]

n.

crane

baklo

afSnf]

adj.

thick

baksanu

aS;g

v.t.

bal

an

n.

bal

afn

n.

to give, to present [as a

present or reward by a high
standing personality like
the king]
strength, power, force,
might
child, boy

balatkar

anfTsf/

n.

rape

bali

anL

adj.

strong, powerful

bali

afnL

n.

standig crops, harvest

balika

afLnsf

n.

young girl

balistha

aln:&

adj.

strong, powerful, stout

baliyo

alnof]

adj.

strong, powerful, stout

balkrishna sama

afns[i)f ;d

n.

balnu

aNg

v.i.

balnu

afNg

v.t.

Bal Krishna Sama [a

famous Nepali poet]
to burn, to blaze, to catch
fire
to kindle, to light, to burn

balti

afN&L

n.

bucket

balun

afng

n.

a kind of folk song

balyakal

afNosfn

n.

childhood

bamojim

adf]lhd

adv.

according to, in accordance

o'clock

24

bamojit

adf]lht

adj.

banaunu

agfpg

v.t.

with, accordingly
according to, in accordance
with, accordingly
to make, to build, to repair

bancaro

aGr/f]

n.

axe

bancnu

afRg

v.i.

to survive

banda bhayo

aGb eof]

comp.

it is closed, it is shut

banda garnu

aGb ug{

v.t.

to close, to shut

bandakopi

aGbfsf]kL

n.

cabbage

bandar

afb/

n.

monkey

bandel

ab]n

n.

wild pig

bandhan

aGwg

n.

imprisonment

bandhnu

afWg

v.t.

to bind, to tie up, to fasten

bandi

aGbL

n.

hostage, prisoner

bandighar

aGbL#/

n.

prison, jail

bandigriha

aGbLu[x

n.

prison, jail

bandikhana

aGbLvfgf

n.

prison, jail

bandnu

af*\g

v.t.

banel

ag]n

n.

to part, to divide, to share,

to partition
wild pig

bango

aff]

adj.

crooked, bent, twisted

bangur

a+u/

n.

pig

bani

afgL

n.

habit, disposition, character

banki

afsL

n.

bannu

aGg

v.i.

remainder, left over,

residue
to be ready, to be made

bans

af;

n.

bamboo

bansko purda

af:sf] k'bf{

n.

bamboo curtain

bar

af/

n.

fence, temporary wall

bar

af/

n.

bara

a/f

n.

weekday [of the Nepali

calendar]
great-grandfather

barbar

aa{/

n./adj.

barbarta

aa{/tf

n.

bare

af/]

postp.

bari

af/L

n.
25

barbarian, savage,
barbarisch, wild
barbarity
about, realting to,
concerning
dry field, garden

barkha

av{f

n.

barnu

afg{

v.t.

baru

a?

barulo

af?nf]

n.

wasp

basai sarai

a;fO{ ;/fO{

n.

migration

basalnu

a;fNg

v.t.

basanta

a;Gt

n.

to cause to sit, to make

someone sit
spring

basaunu

a;fpg

v.t.

basinda

afl;Gbf

n.

to cause to sit, to make

someone sit
inhabitant, resident

basnu

a:g

v.i.

to sit, to settle, to remain

basobas

a;f]af;

n.

basovas

a;f]jf;

n.

bata

af&

postp.

residence, place of
residence
residence, place of
residence
from, by

bata marnu

aft dfg{

v.i.

to talk

batas

atf;

n.

wind, air

batho

af&f]

adj.

intelligent, clever

bato

af^f]

n.

road, path, way

bato lagnu

af^f] nfUg

v.t.

to set off

battai

afO{

n.

quail

batti

aQL

n.

lamp

battis

aQL;

num.

thirty-two, 32

batuko

a^sf]

n.

cup, bowl

baulaha

af}nfxf

adj.

mad, lunatic

baunna

afpGg

num.

fifty-two, 52

bayalis

aofnL;

num.

forty-two, 42

bayan

aofg

n.

bayan

afof

adj.

description, narration,
account
left

bayanabbe

aofgAa]

num.

ninety-two, 92

bayasi

aof;L

num.

eighty-two, 82

becnu

a]Rg

v.t.

to sell, to dispose off

beglo

a]Unf]

adj.

separated

behornu

a]xf]g{

v.i.

to bear, to make use of, to

rains, rainy season,

monsoon
to observe, to abstain from
better, rather, or

26

look after, to afford

time, occasion

bela

a]nf

n.

beluka

a]nsf

n./adj.

bemajja

a]dHhf

adj.

evening, in the evening,

after sunset
not pleasing

benci

a]GrL

n.

bench

bensi

a]+;L

n.

bepar

a]kf/

n.

valley, lowland, lower

portion of a hill
trade, commerce

bepar garnu

a]kf/ ug{

v.t.

to trade, to sell

bepari

a]kf/L

n.

trader, merchant

ber

a]/

n.

time, delay, late

berojgar

a]/f]huf/

n.

unemployment

bes

a];

adj.

good, very good

besar

a];f/

n.

turmeric

besari

a];/L

adv.

bevasta

a]jf:tf

adj.

bhada

ef*f

n.

nicely, abundantly,
profusely, plentifully,
excessively
indifferent, unmindful,
unconcerned, careless
rent, hire, fare, freight

bhadai

eb}

n.

woman's brother's daughter

bhadau

ebf}

n.

bhadgaun

efbufp

n.

bhadkinu

e*\lsg

v.i.

bhado

ebf]

n.

fifth month of the Nepali

year [August-September]
Bhaktapur, Bhadgaon [an
ancient town east of
Kathmandu]
to be frightened, to feel
shy, to go astray
woman's brother's son

bhadra

eb|

n.

bhagnu

efUg

v.i.

fifth month of the Nepali

year [August-September]
to flee, to run away

bhai

efO

n.

younger brother

bhai-bharadar

efOef/fbf/

n.

bhaibuhari

efOaxf/L

n.

king's address towards his

royal relatives
younger brother's wife

bhain

eO

n.

ground, earth, floor

bhainsi

e}+;L

n.

water buffalo [female]

bhajan

efhg

n.

receptacle, object, dividing

27

bhaka

efsf

n.

promise

bhakta

eQm

n./adj.

devotee; devoted, pious

bhaktapur

eQmk/

n.

bhakti

elQm

n.

bhaktiman

elQmdfg

n./adj.

Bhaktapur, Bhadgaon [an

ancient town east of
Kathmandu]
devotion, worship,
veneration
devotee; devoted, pious

bhakundo khelnu

es)*f] v]Ng

v.t.

to play football

bhala

efnf

n.

spear, lance, pike

bhalai

enfO{

n.

bhale mujur

efn] dh/

n.

welfare, well-being,
goodness, gentleness
peacock

bhalu

efn"

n.

bear

bhanda

eGbf

postp.

bhandakunda

ef*fs*f

n.

compared to [used for

construction of
comparative]
pots and pans

bhandaphor

e)*fkmf]]/

n.

bhandar

e)*f/

n.

unmasking, unveiling,
disclosure, revelation,
betrayal
store room

bhandnu

ef*\g

v.t.

to spoil, to ruin (morally)

bhando

ef*f]

n.

cooking pot, vessel, pot

bhane

eg]

conj.

if, on the other hand

bhangero

eu]/f]

n.

sparrow

bhanij

eflgh

n.

sister's son

bhanje buhari

efGh] axf/L

n.

sister's son's wife

bhanje jvain

efGh] HjfO{+

n.

sister's daughter's husband

bhanji

efGhL

n.

sister's daughter

bhanjo

efGhf]

n.

sister's son

bhanjyang

e~Hof

n.

bhanne

eGg]

adj.

narrow valley, defile,

mountain pass
called, named

bhansa

efG;f

n.

kitchen

bhansar

eG;f/

n.

bhanubhakta acarya

efgeQm cfrfo{

n.

customs, customs duties,

office of the customs
department
Bhanubhakta Acharya [a
famous Nepali poet]

28

bhar

e/

n.

trust, faith, fullness

bhar parnu

e/ kg{

v.t.

to trust

bharadar

ef/fbf/

n.

a high official

bharadari sabha

ef/fbf/L ;ef

n.

bharat

ef/t

n.

assembly of high officials or

nobility in early Shah and
Rana times
India

bharatiya

ef/tLo

adj.

Indian

bhare

e/]

postp.

later in the day, afterwards

bhari

ef/L

adj.

heavy, weighty

bhari

el/

adj.

full to the brim, full

bharibharau

el/e/fp

adj.

full to the brim, full

bharipurna

el/k')f{

adj.

full to the brim, full

bharkar

ev{/

adv.

right now

bharopeli

ef/f]k]nL

adj.

indoeuropean

bharopiya

ef/f]kLo

adj.

indoeuropean

bharosa

e/f];f

n.

hope, trust, reliance

bhartsana

eT;{gf

n.

reproach, abuse

bharya

efof{

n.

wife, female consort

bharyang

eof

n.

stairs

bhasa

efiff

n.

language

bhasan

efif)f

n.

speech, lecture

bhasan dinu

efif)f lbg

v.t.

to give a lecture

bhasavigyan

efifflj!fg

n.

linguistics, philosophy

bhat

eft

n.

boiled rice

bhatamas

e^df;

n.

soyabean

bhatiji

elthL

n.

man's brother's daughter

bhatijo

elthf]

n.

man's brother's son

bhattarak

ef/s

adj.

revered, respectable

bhau

efp

n.

price, value, rate

bhaugolik

ef}uf]lns

adj.

geographic, geographical

bhaugolik mahatva

ef}uf]lns dxTj

n.

geographical importance

bhauju

efph'

n.

elder brother's wife

bhava

efj

n.

bhavan

ejg

n.

thought, mental state,

feeling, sentiment, musing
house, mansion, palace

29

bhavan nirman kala

ejfg lgdf{)f snf

bhavana

efjgf

n.

bhavavacak nam

efjjfrs gfd

n.

bhavya

eJo

adj.

bhedo

e]*f]

n.

bhek

e]s

n.

bhela

e]nf

n.

neighbourhood, locality,
area
gathering (of people)

bhet

e]&

n.

meeting, visit, interview

bhet hunu

e]& xg

v.t.

bhetnu

e]&\g

v.i./v.t.

bhijnu

leHg

v.i.

to meet, to bump into

someone
to meet, to get, to find, to
come across
to get wet

bhiksha

leIff

n.

begging, alm, charity

bhinaju

legfh

n.

elder sister's husband

bhinnata

leGgtf

n.

difference

bhitra

leq

postp.

inside, within, in

bhitrinu

lelqg

v.i.

to enter, to penetrate

bhitriya

lelqof

adj.

bhitte

leQ]

counted as a member of
the family or group
wall

bhitto

leQf]

n.

side of the wall

bhogate

ef]u^]

n.

grapefruit

bhogdan

ef]ubfg

n.

help, assistance

bhojan

ef]hg

n.

food

bhojnalaya

ef]hgfno

n.

bhok

ef]s

n.

kitchen, cafe, canteen,

dining room
hunger

bhok lagnu

ef]s nfug

bhokaunu

ef]sfpg

v.i.

to be hungry

bholi

ef]ln

adv.

tomorrow

bhote

ef]^]

n.

Tibetan, Bhote

bhraman

e|d)f

n.

travel, travelling, roaming

bhrasta

e|i^

adj.

bhrastacar

e|i^frf/

n.

fallen, spoilt, polluted,

defiled
corruption, corrupt practice

architecture
thought, mental state,
feeling, sentiment, musing
abstract [linguistics]
grand, pompous,
splendorous
sheep

to be hungry

30

bhrastacari

e|i^frf/L

n.

corrupt person

bhugarbha vigyan

e'ue{ lj!fg

n.

geology

n.

geological survey

n.

bhugolko anusandhan e'uf]nsf] cg;Gwfg sfo{

karya
bhuin
eO
bhuin

e'O

n.

bhuincalo

e'Orfnf]

n.

ground, floor, surface of the

earth
ground, floor, surface of the
earth
earthquake

bhuinkatahar

e"Os&x/

n.

pineapple

bhuja

ehf

n.

boild rice [upper class]

bhuknu

eSg

v.i.

to bark

bhu-ksharan

e"If/)f

n.

soil erosion

bhulnu

eNg

v.i./v.t.

bhumi

e'ld

n.

bhumigat

eldut

n.

to forget, to make a
mistake, to be attached
ground, floor, surface of the
earth
underground

bhumika

e'ldsf

n.

bhundi

e*L

n.

preface, introduction,
foreword
stomach

bhu-parivestit desh

e'kl/j]li&t b]z

n.

land-locked country

bhusuno

e;gf]

n.

gnat

bhutang

e'^f

n.

Bhutan

bhuteko makai

e^]sf] ds}

n.

popcorn

bhuteko masu

e^]sf] df;

n.

fried meat

bhutla

eTn

n.

fur, hair

bhutnu

e^\g

v.t.

to fry

bhutpurva

e'tk'j{

adj.

past, former, previous

bhutuva

e^jf

n.

fried meat

bhyaguto

Eofutf]

n.

frog

bhyaunu

Eofpg

v.i.

to find time

bic

aLr

bicar

larf/

n./postp. middle, centre, during,

among
n.
thought, consideration, idea

bicchi

laR%L

n.

scorpion

bigauti

lauf}tL

n.

biha

laxf

n.

beestings, the milk of the

animal after bearing a calf
marriage, wedding,

31

bihaite

laxfOt]

adj.

matrimony
married, wedded

bihana

laxfg

n./adv.

morning; in the morning

bihivar

lalxjf/

n.

Thursday

bij

aLh

n.

seed

bijaropan

aLhf/f]k)f

n.

bijuli

lahnL

n.

laying of the foundation

stone, cornerstone
ceremony
electricity, lightening

bikha

lav

n.

poison, venom

bilkul

lansn

adj.

entirely, fully, completely

binti

laGtL

n.

request, prayer

bintipatra

lalGtkq

n.

application, petition

biralo

la/fnf]

n.

cat

birami

la/fdL

n./adj.

patient, illness, ill

birta

latf{

n.

free-hold land

birtaval

latf{jfn

n.

owner of free-hold land

bis

aL;

num.

twenty, 20

bitaunu

latfpg

v.t.

to spend

biu

aLp

n.

seed

biunjhanu

lapg

v.t.

to wake up

bodi

af]*L

n.

boknu

af]Sg

v.t.

a kind of bean, blackeye

bean
to carry, to lift, to conceive

boko

af]sf]

n.

he-goat

bolaunu

af]nfpg

v.t.

to call, to invite

bolbala

af]nafnf

n.

all in all, all powerful

bolcal

af]nrfn

n.

conversation, talk

bolcalma

af]nrfndf

bolinu

af]lng

v.i.

to be spoken

bolivacan

af]nLjrg

n.

conversation, talk

bolnu

af]Ng

v.i.

to speak

brihaspatibar

a[x:kltaf/

n.

Thursday

brihat

a[xt

adj.

big, large, huge

buddhi

al$

n.

buddhical

al$rfn

n.

knowledge, intellect, mental

power, wisdom
chess

in everyday language

32

buddhijivi

al$hLjL

adj.

intelligent, learned

budha ba

a''(f af

n.

grandfather [lower class]

budhavar

awjf/

n.

Wednesday

budhi ama

a'(L cfdf

n.

grandmother [lower class]

budhi aunlo

a'(L cf}+nf]

n.

thumb

budho

a'(f]

adj.

old [person]

buhari

a'xf/L

n.

son's wife, daughter-in-law

buingal

aOun

n.

bujhaunu

afpg

v.t.

upper storey of a house,

attic, garret
to explain, to make over

bunda

abf

n.

main point, main issue

burundi

a?)*L

n.

Burundi

butta

af

n.

design

buva

ajf

n.

father, papa

bvanso

Ajf;f]

n.

wolf

byadmintan

Aof*ldG^g

n.

badminton

cabaunu

rafpg

v.t.

to chew

cadhaunu

r(fpg

v.t.

cadhnu

r(\g

v.t.

to cause to ride, to offer [to

superiors]
to climb, to mount, to ride

cadnu

r*\g

v.t.

caharnu

rxfg{

v.t.

cahinu

rflxg

v.i.

cait

r}t

n.

caitra

r}q

n.

cakhaunu

rvfpg

v.t.

to mount, to go up, to
ascend, to ride, to improve
to loiter, to linger, to walk
about, to spend time idly by
moving about
to be necessary, to be
required
twelfth month of the Nepali
year [March-April]
twelfth month of the Nepali
year [March-April]
to cause to taste

cakhnu

rfVg

v.t.

to taste

cakku

rSs

n.

knife, cutting knife

cakramarg

rqmdfu{

n.

ringroad

cal

rfn

n.

movement

calak

rnfs

adj.

clever, sly, cunning, shrewd

calakh

rnfv

adj.

clever, sly, cunning, shrewd

33

calan

rng

n.

calan

rnfg

n.

custom, habit, style,

conduct
despatch, consignment

calan garnu

rng ug{

v.t.

to use

calaunu

rnfpg

v.t.

calis

rfln;

num.

to cause to move, to put to

use, to move, to despatch
forty, 40

callo

rNnf]

n.

young chicken

calnu

rNg

v.i.

caltika

rNtLsf

adj.

camada

rd*f

n.

to move, to be current, to
be in use, to work, to flirt
common, normal, in
circulation
skin, hide

camal

rfdn

n.

husked but uncooked rice

camca

rDrf

n.

spoon

camero

rd]/f]

n.

bat, vampire

camkanu

rDsg

v.i.

to glitter, to shine

camkaunu

rDsfpg

v.t.

to polish, to cause to shine

camkilo

rlDsnf]

adj.

bright

camsur

rD;/

n.

canakya

rf)fSo

n.

cancun

rfgrg

adj.

canda

rGbf

n.

[a kind of pungent
vegetable eaten raw as
herbal medicine]
[name of Kautilya, the
author of the ancient
Arthashastra]
about, a little,
miscellaneous
donation

candai

rf*}

adv.

soon

candi

rfbL

n.

silver

cando

rf*f]

adj.

candrama

rGb|df

n.

quick, fast, soon,

immediately
moon

cangunarayan

rfugf/fo)f

n.

cap

rfk

n.

car

rf/

num.

Changunarayan [an ancient

site in the eastern part of
the Kathmandu valley]
arc, segment of a circle,
semi-circle, rainbow
four, 4

caraitira

rf/}lt/

adv.

on all (four) sides

caran

r/)f

n.

foot, leg, a quarter of a

34

stanza
to make graze

caraunu

r/fpg

v.t.

carca

rrf{

n.

carit

rl/t

n.

caritra

rl/q

n.

carkanu

rs{g

v.t.

carkaunu

rsf{pg

v.t.

carkha

rvf{

n.

carko

rsf]{

adj.

carnu

rg{

v.i.

hard, bitter, heavy, difficult,

loud, piquant. lively,
excessive, high
to graze

caro

r/f]

n.

bird

cartarph

rf/tkm{

adv.

on all (four) sides

cartira

rf/lt/

adv.

on all (four) sides

cataunu

r^fpg

v.t.

to cause to lick

catnu

rf^\g

v.i.

to lick

caubar

rf}a/

adj.

four times

caubis

rf}aL;

num.

twenty-four, 24

cauda

rf}*f

n./adj.

width, breadth; wide

caudai

rf}*fO

n./adj.

width, breadth; wide

caudha

rf}w

num.

fourteen, 14

cauhattar

rf}xQ/

num.

seventy-four, 74

cauka

rf}sf

n.

cauntis

rf}+tL;

num.

eating place surrounding

the store
thirty-four, 34

caupattai

rf}k}

adj.

exceedingly, exceptionally

cauranabbe

rf}/fgAa]

num.

ninety-four, 94

caurasi

rf}/f;L

num.

eighty-four, 84

causatthi

rf};^\&L

num.

sicty-four, 64

cautara

rf}tf/f

n.

cautariya

rf}tl/of

n.

sincere and benevolent

member of the royal family
member of the royal family

35

talk, enquiry, query, praise,

remark, commendation
character, conduct,
manners, behaviour, work,
occupation
character, conduct,
manners, behaviour, work,
occupation
to crack, to split, to break
to cause to crack, to cause
to split
spinning wheel

cautarph

rf}tkm{

adv.

on all (four) sides

cautho

rf}yf]

adj.

fourth

cavalis

rjfnL;

num.

forty-four, 44

cavanna

rjGg

num.

fifty-four, 54

cavaunu

rjfpg

v.t.

to chew

cehara

r]x/f

n.

celi

r]nL

n.

celibeti becvikhat

r]lna]^L a]rljvt

n.

face, appearance,
countenance
female disciple, female
pupil
girls trafficking

cepang

r]kf

n.

cetana

r]tgf

n.

cetauni

r]tfpgL

n.

Chepang [a Nepalese
nationality]
intelligence,
consciousness, animation,
rationality, spirit
to warn

cetavani

r]tfjgL

n.

warning

cetnu

r]Tg

v.i.

cha

num.

to be conscious, to recover
the senses, to be on the
alert
six, 6

cha patra

% kq

adj.

sixfold

chabbis

%AaL;

num.

twenty-six, 26

chadnu

%fb\g

v.i./v.t.

to throw up, to vomit

chadnu

%f*\g

v.t.

to leave, to leave out

chahari

%xf/L

chahattar

%xQ/

num.

seventy-six, 76

chaisatthi

%};&\7L

num.

sixty-six, 66

chaitaun

%}^f}+

adj.

sixth

chakkinu

%lSsg

v.i.

chakyaunu

%sfpg

v.t.

to be deceived, to be
astonished
to tell lies, to deceive

chala

%fnf

n.

skin

chalnu

%Ng

v.t.

to deceive, to trick

chalphal

%nkmn

n.

discussion, debate

chalphal garnu

%nkmn ug{

v.t.

to discuss

chamnu

%fDg

v.t.

to touch, to feel

chana

%fgf

n.

roof

shade, shelter, protection

36

chanavin

%fgjLg

n.

chand

%Gb

n.

selection, search, scrutiny,

choice
meter, prosody, intention

channe

%fGg]

n.

filter, strainer

channu

%fGg

v.t.

chantyal

%GYofn

n.

chapakhana

%fkfvfgf

n.

to choose, to select, to
sieve
Chantyal [a Nepali
nationality]
press, printing press

chapanna

%kGg

num.

fifty-six, 56

chapinu

%flkg

v.i.

to be published

chapnu

%fKg

v.t.

to print, to publish

charnu

%g{

v.t.

to scatter, to disperse

chata

%ftf

n.

umbrella

chati

%ftL

n.

chatra

%fq

n.

chest, breast, bravery,

courage
scholar, disciple, pupil

chatravas

%fqfjf;

n.

chattis

%QL;

num.

hostel, boarding house,

lodging
thirty-six, 36

chaunu

%fpg

v.t.

to cover, to roof

chauro

%fp/f]

n.

cub, puppy, kitten

chaya

%fof

n.

shade, shadow, reflection

chayalis

%ofnL;

num.

forty-six, 46

chayan

%fof

n.

shade, shadow, reflection

chayanabbe

%ofgAa]

num.

ninety-six, 96

chayasi

%of;L

num.

eighty-six, 86

cheknu

%]Sg

v.t.

to stop, to hinder

chetri

%]qL

n.

chimeki

l%d]sL

n.

Chetri, Kshatriya [the

second highest class
(varna) of the Hindu social
hierarchy]
neighbour

chindi

l%+*L

n.

cellar, basement

chiraunu

l%/fpg

v.t.

to cause to go through

chirkemirke

l%s]{lds]{

adj.

spotted

chirnu

l%g{

v.i.

chito

l%^f]

adj.

to go through, to bore
through
quick, smart

37

chodnu

%f]*\g

v.t.

chopnu

%f]Kg

v.t.

to leave, to leave out, to

abandon, to relinquish, to
give up
to cover, to hide

chori

%f]/L

n.

daughter

choro

%f]/f]

n.

son

choto

%f]&f]

adj.

short, small, condensed

chunu

%g

v.t.

to touch

churavaji

%/fjfhL

n.

exchange of dagger-blows

chuskar

%:s/

n.

tell-tale, backbiter

chutkara

%^sf/f

n.

release, freedom, rescue

chutnu

%^\g

v.i.

to be left, to separate

chuvachut

%jf%'t

n.

cihan

lrxfg

n.

cijbij

lrhlah

n.

untouchability,
contamination
grave, graveyard, cemetry,
tomb, burial ground
goods, furniture, wares

cikitsa

lrlsT;f

n.

cikitsalaya

lrlsT;fno

n.

treatment, remedy,
medication, therapy
hospital, dispensary

cil

rLn

n.

eagle

cimotnu

lrdf]&^g

v.t.

to pinch, to nip

cin

rLg

n.

China

cinari

lrgf/L

n.

cinaunu

lrgfpg

v.t.

ciniyan

lrglof

adj.

identity, acquaintance,
intimacy, familiarity
to introduce, to cause to
recognize
Chinese

cinnu

lrGg

v.t.

cinta

lrGtf

n.

cintan

lrGtg

n.

cintit

lrlGtt

adj.

to recognize, to know, to
identify, to distinguish
woory, anxiety, care,
concern, reflection
thinking, study, reflection,
contemplation, meditation
sad

ciplo

lrKnf]

adj.

slippery

cirnu

lrg{

v.t.

to split, to rip up

ciso

lr;f]

adj.

cold, wet, moistened, damp

ciso pani

lr;f] kfgL

n.

cold water

38

cithi

lr&L

n.

letter, written message

citra

lrq

n.

citta

lrQ

n.

cittha

lr^\&f

n.

picture, painting,
illustration, image
mind, feeling, spirit, heart,
attention, memory, thought
lottery, game of chance

citthi

lr^\&L

n.

letter, written message

cituva

lrt'jf

n.

leopard, panther

ciundo

lrp*f]

n.

chin

ciura

lrp/f

n.

flattened rice, beaten rice

ciya

lrof

n.

tea

cod-patra

rf]*kq

n.

cok

rf]s

n.

written consent of divorce,

quitclaim
courtyard

cokhinu

rf]lvg

v.i.

to be pure

cor

rf]/

n.

thief, robber, swindler

cornu

rf]g{

v.t.

to steal

cot

rf]^

n.

cucuro

rr/f]

n.

wound, bruise, hurt, mental

agony
peak, summit, highest point

cuda

r'*f

n.

crown, crest

cudamani

r'*fdl)f

n.

cuhinu

rlxg

v.i.

a kind of valuable ornament

or jewel worn on the head
to drip, to leak

cuhunu

rxg

v.i.

to drip, to leak

culensi

rn]+;L

n.

culo

rnf]

n.

a curved instrument for

cutting and preparing
vegetables for cooking
cooking place, stove

cultho

rN&f]

n.

plaited hair, interwoven hair

cumnu

rDg

v.t.

to kiss, to caress

cuna

rgf

n.

lime

cunauti

rgf}tL

n.

challenge

cunav

rgfj

n.

election, selection

cunavi

rgfjL

adj.

electoral

cup lagnu

r'k nfUg

v.i.

to be quiet

curot

r/f]^

n.

cigarette

cusnu

r:g

v.t.

to suck

39

cutai

r^fO

n.

beating, thrashing

cutnu

r^\g

v.t.

to thrash, to beat

cyankhla

RofVnf

n.

ground corn

cyatnu

RofTg

v.t.

to tear

cyau

Rofp

n.

mushroom

dabau

bafp

n.

pressure

dabi

bfaL

n.

claim, demand

dadhnu

*(\g

v.i.

to burn, to be burnt up

dadu

*f*

n.

ladle

daguraunu

bu/fpg

v.t.

to cause to run

dagurnu

bug{

v.i.

to run, to hasten, to race

daha

bx

n.

pond, lake

dahi

bxL

n.

yoghurt

dahine

bflxg]

adj.

right

dahri

bfx|L

n.

beard

dai

bfO

n.

elder brother

dailo

b}nf]

n.

daju

bfh

n.

door, gate, passage,

entrance
elder brother

dajyu

bfHo'

n.

elder brother

daknu

*fSg

v.t.

to call, to invite

daksha

bIf

adj.

dexterous, able, astute

dakshin koriya

blIf)f sf]l/of

n.

Sdkorea

dal

bfn

n.

different kinds of lentils

dal

bn

n.

party, group, crowd

dalal

bnfn

n.

broker, tout, middleman

dalbal

bnan

n.

dalbandi

bnaGbL

n.

the whole party, army,

strenght
party politics, group politics

dalcini

bfnrLgL

n.

cinnamon

dalit

blnt

n.

dallo

*Nnf]

n.

Dalit, untouchable (as seen

by the Bahuns)
round thing, cloth, lump

dalo

*fnf]

n.

basket

dalpati

bnklt

n.

dalvihinata

bnljxLgtf

n.

party leader, chief,

commander
independence from party,

40

daman

bdg

n.

non-party
suppression, oppression

dampati

bDklt

n.

husband and wife

damphu

*Dkm"

n.

a kind of drum

dan

bfg

n.

danda

*f*f

n.

donation, gift, religious gift,

contribution
hill, hillock, pole of a roof

danda

*f*

n.

fine, penalty, punishment

dandalnu

**fNg

n.

back

dandi

*f*L

n.

pole, staff (of a palanquin)

dando

*f*f]

n.

danphe

*fkm]

n.

dant

bft

n.

hill, hillock, the pole of a

roof
the nine-coloured
Himalayan pheasant [the
National Bird of Nepal]
tooth

dant majhnu

bft df\g

v.t.

to clean teeth

dant malnu

bft dNg

v.t.

to clean teeth

dant maskaunu

bft d:sfpg

v.t.

to clean teeth

dantko burus

bftsf] a?;

n.

tooth brush

dantmanjan

bGtdGhg

n.

tooth paste

danuvar

bgjf/

n.

dapha

bkmf

n.

Dhanuwar [a Nepali
nationality]
section of a law

dar

*/

n.

daraj

b/fh

n.

fear, dread, alarm, risk,

danger
cupboard

daraunu

*/fpg

v.i.

to frighten, to be frightened

darbar

b/af/

n.

palace, royal court

dari

bf/L

n.

beard

dari

b/L

n.

cotton rug

daridra

bl/b|

adj.

poor, needy, penurious

darim

bfl/d

n.

pomegranate

darja

bhf{

n.

darjan

bh{g

n.

class, standard, position,

rank
dozen

darjiling

nfhL{ln

n.

Darjeeling

darlagdo

*/nfUbf]

adj.

dreadful, terrible,
dangerous

41

darle

*/n]

darshan

bz{g

n.

das

b;

num.

audience, appearance,
vision
ten, 10

das

bf;

n.

slave, servant, dependent

dasana

*;gf

n.

dasaun

b;f}+

adj.

cotton rug for lying on,

mattress
tenth

dashak sarvanam

bzs ;j{gfd

n.

demonstrative pronoun

dasi

b;L

n.

proof, evidence

dasta

bf;tf

n.

slavery, servitude, bondage

dastavej

b:tj]h

n.

document, deed

data

bftf

datri sanstha

bft[ ;+:yf

n.

donor agency

daudaha

bf}*fxf

n.

daura

bfp/f

n.

touring, travelling,
inspection
firewood, fuel, dried wood

dava

bfjf

n.

claim, demand

daya

bof

n.

daya aunu

bof cfpg

kindness, favour, mercy,

pity, sympathy
to pity, to feel pity

dayan

bfof

adj.

right

dayaniya

bogLo

adj.

pitiable, arousing pity

debre

b]a]|

adj.

left, reverse, opposite

dedh baje

*]( ah]

adv.

half past one

dekhaunu

b]vfpg

v.t.

to show

dekhi

b]lv

postp.

from, after, owing to

dekhinu

b]lvg

v.i.

to be seen, to appear

dekhnu

b]Vg

v.t.

to see

dera

*]/f

n.

residence, booth, camp

desh

b]z

n.

land, country, region

deshantar

b]zGt/

n.

deshbhakta

b]zeQm

n.

terrestrial longitude; foreign

country
patriot

deshbhakti

b]zelQm

n.

patriotism

deshraksha

b]z/Iff

n.

national defence

devar

b]j/

n.

husband's younger brother

out of fear

giver, donor, benefactor

42

devarani

b]j/fgL

n.

devata

b]j^f

n.

dhadas

(f*;

n.

dhago

wfuf]

n.

dhakane

(sg]

n.

dhakdhakyaunu

(s(sfpg

v.t.

rice fried in butter and

cooked in milk
to push down, to tap

dhaknu

(fSg

v.t.

to hide, to cover, to conceal

dhamilo

wldnf]

adj.

dim, not clear, dirty, muddy

dhamki

wDsL

n.

threatening, threat, reproof

dhan

wg

n.

wealth, property, riches

dhan

wfg

n.

unhusked Reis

dhanca

(frf

n.

dhandha

wGwf

n.

dhandhali

wfwnL

n.

design, way, method, make

up, manner
occupation, business,
profession
chaos, chaotic state

dhani

wfgL

adj.

golden

dhani

wgL

adj.

rich

dhaniyan

wlgof

n.

coriander

dhaniyanko sag

wlgofsf] ;fu

n.

coriander green

dhantnu

(f^\g

v.i.

to tell a lie, to deceive

dhapaunu

wkfpg

v.t.

to drive away, to chase

dhara

wf/f

n.

dharahara

w/x/f

n.

water tap, torrent, current

of water
tower

dharan

wf/)f

n.

holding, wielding

dharana

wf/)ff

n.

dharatal

w/ftn

n.

determination, thought,
memory
surface (of the earth)

dharke

ws]{

adj.

striped

dharma

wd{

n.

religion, duty, creed, faith

dharmadeva

wdb]j

n.

dharmadhikari

wdf{lwsf/L

n.

dharmagranth

wd{u|Gy

n.

Dharmadeva [a Licchavi
king, father of Manadeva I]
an official responsible for
jurisdiction
religious text

43

husband's younger
brother's wife
god
encouragement, hope,
assurance
thread

dharmashala

wd{zfnf

n.

dharmavacak nam

wd{jfrs gfd

n.

resthouse [for religious

puposes]
abstract noun [ling.]

dharmik

wld{s

adj.

religious, related to dharma

dharmik sthan

wld{s :yfg

n.

religious centre

dharna

wgf{

n.

dharo

wf/f]

n.

dhatu

wft

n.

the act of waiting for

something
spring of water, current of
water, stream of people
metal

dhau

wfp

n.

ore

dherai

w]/}

adj.

much, many, a lot

dherai aghi

w]/} cl#

adv.

long time ago

dherai logne hunu

w]/} nf]Ug] xg

comp.

to practice polyandry

dherai vivaha

w]/} ljjfx

n.

polgamy

dherai vivaha garnu

w]/} ljjfx ug{

comp.

to practice polygamy

dheraijaso

w]/}h;f]

adj.

many, a lot

dhiki

l(sL

n.

a machine for husking rice

dhimal

lwdfn

n.

dhindo

l(+*f]

n.

Dhimal [a Nepali
nationality]
boiled flour paste

dhoka

(f]sf

n.

door, gate, gateway

dhukka

(Ss

adj.

free from axiety, secure

dhukur

('s/

n.

dove

dhukuti

('s^L

n.

barn, storehouse, treasury

dhunga

(+uf

n.

stone

dhup

w"k

n.

sun, sunshine, incence

dhusro

w;|f]

adj.

ash-coloured, grey

dhvanse

Wjf;]

adj.

dark-brown, soot-coloured

dhyan

Wofg

n.

meditation, contemplation

didi

lbbL

n.

elder sister

digo

bLuf]

adj.

sustainable

din

lbg

n.

day

dinahun

lbgx

adj.

daily

dinbhari

lbgel/

dinu

lbg

v.t.

to give

dirgha

bL#{

adj.

large, wide, tall, huge, deep

for the whole day

44

dirghakalin

bL#{sfnLg

adj.

disha

lbzf

n.

sustained, chronic, long

term
direction

diunso

lbp;f]

adv.

at the day time

divas

lbj;

n.

day

dobar

bf]a/

adj.

double, twice, twofold

dohori

bf]xf]/L

adj.

pertaining to both sides

doklo

bf]Snf]

adj.

double

doko

*f]sf]

n.

doreto

*f]/]&f]

n.

a big basket carried on the

back
footpath, way to walk

dori

*f]/L

n.

cord, rope

dosi

bf]ifL

adj.

dosro

bf];|f]

adj.

defective, faulty, guilty,

sinful
second

dravyavacak nam

b|Jojfrs gfd

n.

material noun

dristi

b[l:&

n.

sight, vision, looking

dristikon

b[l:&sf])f

n.

viewpoint, visual angle

dublaunu

bAnfpg

v.i.

to get thin, to be weak

dublo

bAnf]

adj.

weak, thin, lean, skiny

dubnu

*Ag

v.i.

to drown, to sink

dubulki marnu

*'aNsL dfg{

v.t.

to take the plunge

dudh

bw

n.

milk

dugdha

bUw

n.

milk

dugdhasar

bUw;f/

n.

cheese

dugurnu

bug{

v.i.

to run

duhkhi

bMvL

adj.

sad

duhunu

bxg

v.t.

to milk

dui

bO{

num.

two, 2

dura

b/f

n.

Dura [a Nepali nationality]

duragraha

b/fu|x

n.

prejudice, improper attempt

durdarshita

b'/blz{tf

n.

durgam

bu{d

adj.

far-sightedness, prudence,
sagacity
remote

dursancar

b/;rf/

n.

telecommunication

durvavahar

bj{jxf/

n.

misconduct, misbehaviour

dusti

b'l:t

adj.

defective, corrupted,

45

dut

b't

n.

dvandva

Fb

n.

defiled, contaminated,
polluted
ambassador, massenger,
courier
couple, duel, quarrel

dvara

f/f

postp.

from, by

dvija

lh

n.

dvitiya purus vacak

ltLo k?if jfrs

n.

twice-born, Brahman,
oviparous
second person [ling.]

dvitiyardha

ltLofw{

n.

second half

dyotak

Bf]ts

adj.

int.

making clear, showing,

manifesting, enlightening,
indicating
hey! listen!

eghara

P#f/

num.

eleven, 11

egharaun

P#f/f}+

adj.

eleventh

ejan

Phg

ek

Ps

num.

one, 1

ek baji

Ps aflh

adv.

once

ek chin

Ps l%g

adv.

ek coti

Ps rf]l^

adv.

for a moment, for a short

time
once

ek khep

Ps v]k

adv.

once

ek na ek

Ps g Ps

ek palta

Ps kN&

adv.

once

ek saya dui

Ps ;o bO{

num.

one hundred and two, 102

ek saya ek

Ps ;o Ps

num.

one hundred and one, 101

ekaarkalai

Psfcsf{nfO{

adv.

each other

ekabihana

Psflaxfg

adv.

very early in the morning

ekadeshma

Psfb]zdf

ekaki

PsfsL

adj.

alone, solitary

ekanabbe

PsfgAa]

num.

ninety-one, 91

ekanta

PsfGt

n./adj.

ekanunna

PsfpGg

num.

solitude, loneliness; alone,

lonely
fifty-one, 51

ekasi

Psf;L

num.

eighty-one, 81

ekatira

Psflt/

adv.

to one side, on the one

hand

ditto, loc cit.

one or other

in any country

46

ekcalis

PsrfnL;

num.

forty-one, 41

ekdam

Psbd

adv.

very

ekedami

Ps]*dL

n.

academy

ekhattar

PsxQm/

num.

seventy-one, 71

ekikaran

PsLs/)f

n.

ekikrit

PsLs[t

integration, amalgamation,
unification
integrated, united, unified

ekkai coti

PSs} rf]l^

adv.

at the same time, at once

ekkais

PSsfO{;

num.

twenty-one, 21

ekkasi

PSsfl;

adv.

eklai

Psn}

adv.

suddenly, at once, all at

once
alone, only

eklauti

Psnf}^L

adj.

monopolistic

eklo

PSnf]

adj.

lone, solitary, alone, single

eknas

Psgf;

adj.

ekohorinu

Psf]xf]l/g

v.i.

eksaro

Ps;/f]

adj.

similar, in the same way,

monotonous, uniform, all
the same
to concentrate on one thing
only
single, without cover, once

eksatthi

Ps;^\&L

num.

sixty-one, 61

ekta

Pstf

n.

ektak

Ps^s

adv.

oneness, unity, union,

sameness, solidarity
incessant, continuous

ektis

PstL;

num.

thirty-one, 31

ektrit

Pslqt

adj.

united, gathered

eproc

Pk|f]r

n.

approach

eshiyali

PlzofnL

adj.

Asian

esiyayi

Pl;ofoL

adj.

Asian

euta

Pp^f

adj.

one [non-human]

euta tukra jagga

Pp&f ^qmf hUuf

evamastu

Pjd:t'

adv.

so be it; Amen

evan

Pj+

conj.

and, as also

gada

ubf

n.

club, mace, bludgeon

gadagad

ubub

adj.

glad, happy, pleased, joyful

gadar

ub/

n.

mutiny, rebellion, revolt

gadda

u@f

n.

soft and thick bed, mattress

gaddar

u@f/

adj.

revolutionary

a small plot of land

47

gaddar

u@/

n.

mud, dirt, swamp

gaddar-posh

u@/kf]z

n.

gaddi

u@L

n.

gaddu

u@

n./adv.

gadgad

ub\ub\

gadha

uwf

n.

door mat for rubbing off

mud
throne, saddle cloth,
cushion
a bear's cub; useless, good
for nothing, worthless
thick mud or any thick
substance, muddy,
swampy
donkey, ass

gadhapaccisi

uwfklRr;L

n.

gadinarasing

u*\*Lg/l;

adj.

adolescence, an
unexperienced age
enthroned, installed as king

gadnu

uf*\g

v.t.

to bury

gadryak-gudruk

ub\ofsub|'s

n.

gadryamma

ub\ofDd

n.

gadya

uB

n.

sound produced by the

trampling of feet or hoofs
terrible sound produced by
the fall of heavy things
prose, ordinary writing

gadya-kavita

uBsljtf

n.

prose poetry

gadya-kavya

uBsfJo

n.

prose, belles lettres

gagri

ufu|L

n.

a metal water-vessel

gagro

ufu|f]

n.

gahak

ufxs

n.

a large earthenware or
metal jar for water
buyer, customer, purchaser

gahaki

ufxsL

n.

buyer, customer, purchaser

gahat

uxt

n.

lentils

gahiro

ulx/f]

adj.

deep, profound, solemn

gahraun

ux|f}+

adj.

heavy, weighty

gahro

ufx|f]

adj.

difficult, arduous, hard

gahrungo

ux|+uf]

adj.

heavy, weighty

gahun

ux

n.

wheat

gai

ufO{

n.

cow

gaibastu

ufO{j:t

n.

cattle

gaihra

u}x|

adj.

all, whole

gainda

u}+*f

n.

rhinoceros

gair sarkari sanstha

u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf

n.

Non Government

48

gairaprajatantrik

u}/k|hftflGqs

adj.

gajar

ufh/

n.

Organization, NGO
undemocratic, nondemocratic
carrot

gala

ufnf

n.

cheeks

galainca

un}+rf

n.

carpet

galat

unt

adj.

wrong

gali

ufnL

n.

rebuke, abuse, reproof

gali

ufln

n.

rebuke, abuse, reproof

gali garnu

ufnL ug{

v.t.

to tell off, to insult

galli

uNnL

n.

lane, by-lane

gamarkyaunu

udSf{pg

v.t.

to clutch, to seize

gambhir

uDeL/

adj.

deep, grave, far down

ganagan

ugug

n.

ganaganahat

ugugfx^

n.

ganaganaunu

ugugfpg

v.i.

grumbling, murmuring,
prattling
grumbling, murmuring,
prattling
to grumble, to mumur

ganatantra

u)ftGq

n.

ganathan

ugyg

n.

republic, republican system

of government
idle talk, gossip, a long tale

ganathanaunu

ugygfpg

v.t.

to talk nonsense, to gossip

gandagi

uGbuL

n.

filth, dirt, impurity

gandha

uGw

n.

gandhadravya

uGwb|Jo

smell, odour, stink, scent,

perfume
a sweet scented substance

gandhak

uGws

n.

sulphur, brim-stone

gandhakshat

uGwfIft

n.

gandharva

uGwj{

n.

gandharva-ved

uGwj{j]b

n.

sandal-wood, tice, etc. for

puja
a celestian or heavenly
musician, a class of demigod
science of Music

gandharva-vidya

uGwjljBf

n.

music, the science of music

gandharva-vivaha

uGwj{ljjfx

n.

gandhi

uGwL

a kind of marriage by
mutual agreement, love
marriage
a perfumer, one who sells
essences or scented oils,
scented, perfumed, having
a sweet smell

49

gandhik

ulGws

n.

gandyaulo

u*fnf]

n.

the scent of perfumery

merchant
earthworm

gangato

uu^f]

n.

crab

ganja

ufhf

n.

marijuana

ganjagol

uGhuf]n

n.

ganji

uGhL

n.

ganjipha

uGhLkmf

n.

gannu

uGg

v.t.

gans

uf;

n.

confusion, topsy-turvey,
chaos
sweater, vest, jacket,
undershirt
a kind of playing cards or
ist game
to count, to reckon, to
deem
mouthful, morsel

gansnu

uf:g

v.t.

to join together

ganti

uGtL

n.

gapashap

ukzk

n.

number, reckoning,
attendance
prattle, tittle-tattle

gapphad

uKkm*

garaunu

u/fpg

v.t.

to cause to do

garbha

ue{

n.

womb, foetus, embryo

garerai chadnu

u/]/} %f*\g

v.t.

to perform at all cost

garib

u/La

n./adj.

garibi

u/LaL

n.

poor, penniless, humble,

needy
poverty, penury, humility

garjan-tarjan

uh{gth{g

n.

threat, intimidation

garjanu

uh{g

v.i.

garmi

udL{

n.

to thunder, to roar, to
bluster
heat, warmth

garna chodnu

ug{ %f]*\g

v.t.

to stop to do something

garna dinu

ug{ lbg

v.t.

garna thalnu

ug{ yfNg

v.t.

ro allow to do something, to
cause to do something
to start to do something

garnu

ug{

v.t.

to do

garo

uf/f]

n.

wall

gate

ut]

n.

gatha

ufyf

n.

date [according to the

Nepali calendar]
story, tale, verse, song, lay

gathakar

ufyfsf/

n.

author of a narrative tale

gathan

u&g

n.

formation, construction; act

prattler, braggart, tattler

50

gathaso

uyf;f]

n.

gati

ult

n.

gatihara

ultxf/f

adj.

gatiman

ultdfg

n.

gatishil

ultzLn

n.

gatividhi

ultljlw

n.

gatta

uQ

adj.

of building,modelling or
shaping
long tale of oneself,
nonsense
speed, motion, movement,
condition, circumstance,
position
lazy, sedentary, idle,
stagnant
speed, movement, full
motion
speed, movement, full
motion
activity, movements,
frequentation, state of
things, position of progress
hopeless, having nothing

gattam

uQd

adj.

hopeless, having nothing

gatvar

uTj/

adj.

gaun

ufp

n.

transitory, perishable,
mortal
village

gaun

uf})f

adj.

gaun vikas samiti

ufp ljsf; ;ldlt

n.

gaunghar

ufp#/

n.

secondary, subordinate,
indirect, inferior, expressing
associate quality
Village Development
Committee, VDC
neighbour, villager

gaunnivasi

ufplgjf;L

n.

villager

gaunthali

uf}+ynL

n.

swallow

gayab

ufoa

adj.

geru

u]?

adj.

missing, vanished,
dissappeared
ochre, red-brown

ghadi

#*L

n.

clock, watch

ghailo

#}nf]

n.

ghaite

#fOt]

adj.

a large water-vessel, a
huge pitcher
hurt

gham

#fd

n.

sunshine, heat of the sun

ghan

#g

n.

ghana

#gf

adj.

large hammer, cloud,

solidity
thik, dense, solid, grumous

ghanta

#)^

n.

clock, watch

ghantaghar

#)^#/

n.

clocktower

51

ghanti

#f^L

n.

throat, mountain pass, vale

ghar

#/

n.

house

ghar hernu

#/ x]g{

gharelu udyog

#/]n pBf]u

n.

to run the household, to do

the housework
cottage industry

ghatak

#^s

n.

ghatana

#^gf

n.

ghataunu

#^fpg

v.t.

ghati

#f^L

n.

factor, component,
constitutent, ingredient
incident, event, accident,
episode
to cause to decrease, to
subtract
throat, mountain pass, vale

ghati

#^L

adj.

less, few, little

ghatnu

#^\g

v.i.

ghatta

n.

to decrease, to lesson, to
decline
corn mill, water mill

ghatu

#f^

n.

a Gurung dance

ghau

#fp

n.

ghiu

l#p

n.

wound, sore, hurt, injury,

ulcer
melted butter

ghoda

#f]*f

n.

ghoral

#f]/n

n.

ghosana

#F]if)ff

n.

ghosanapatra

#F]if)ffkq

n.

declaration, proclamation,
announcement
manifesto

ghosit

#f]lift

adj.

declared, proclaimed

ghumnu

#Dg

v.i.

ghunda

#*f

n.

to move about, to roam, to

turn round, to go around
knee

ghus

#';

n.

bribe, emolument, graft

ghyampo

ofDkf]

n.

a large clay jar, a store-jar

giddha

lu$

n.

vulture

gija

luhf

n.

gum

gilo

uLnf]

adj.

soft, overripe, overcooked

girnu

lug{

v.i.

glas

Unf;

n.

to fall, to drop, to come

down, to be degraded
glass

gobar

uf]a/

n.

52

horse, pony, hammer of a

gun
Himalayan wild goat

cowdung [used as plaster

on the floor of the house]

godam

uf]bfd

n.

godamel

uf]*d]n

n.

godavari

uf]bfj/L

n.

godnu

uf]b\g

v.t.

Godavari [a village in
Kathmandu valley]
to beat severely

godnu

uf]*\g

v.t.

to weed, to remove weeds

gohi

uf]xL

n.

crocodile

golbhinda

uf]lNe+*f

n.

tomato

goli

uf]nL

n.

a small ball, bullet

goli gantho

uf]nL uf&f]

n.

ankle bone

golidvara mrityudanda uf]nLf/f d[Tob)*

goman sarp
uf]dg ;k{

n.

death penalty by shooting

n.

cobra

gopalprasad rimal

uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn

n.

gopya

uf]Ko

adj.

Gopal Prasad Rimal [ a

famous Nepali poet]
confidential, secret, private

goro

uf]/f]

adj.

goru

uf]?

n.

gosthi

uf]i&L

n.

goth

uf]&

n.

symposium, small
assembly, discourse
cowshed, byre

graha

u|x

n.

planet, evil star, eclipse

grahan

u|x)f

n.

gram

u|fd

n.

acceptance, reception, act

of receiving or holding
village

grenait

u|]gfO^

n.

granite

griha

u[x

n.

gulaphi

unfkmL

adj.

house, abode, residence,

dwelling
pink, rose-coloured

guliyo

ulnof]

adj.

sweet, sugary

gumaraha

ud/fx

adj.

misled, astray

gumaunu

udfpg

v.t.

to lose, to forfeit

gun

u)f

n.

gunabodhak

u)faf]ws

adj.

quality, virtue, merit,

attainment
qualitative [gram.]

gundri

uGb|L

n.

gundruk

uGb|s

n.

53

godown, storehouse,
granery
weeding, removal of weeds

fair-complexioned, white
[skin]
ox [castrated]

mat made of rice, wheat or

corn-straw
fermented and dried
vegetables

gupta

uKt

adj.

guptacar

uKtr/

n.

obscure, hidden, secret,

private
spy, emissary

gupti

uKtL

n.

spy, detective

guru

u?

n.

gurung

u?

n.

guruvar

u?jf/

n.

spiritual teacher, master,

guide
Tamu, Gurung [a Nepali
nationality]
Thursday

guthi

u"&L

n.

gyan

!fg

n.

gyani

!fgL

n./adj.

gyapan

!fkg

n.

habba

xAaf

n.

habbe

xAa]

n.

hackanu

xRsg

v.i.

had

xf*

n.

might, power, capacity,

strength
might, power, capacity,
strength
to get frightened, to
hesitate, to be scared
bone

hade badam

xf*] abfd

n.

almond

hadpa

x*\k

n.

hadtal

x*tfn

n.

confiscation, taking one's

property illegally,
misappropriation
strike, picket

haisiyat

x}l;ot

n.

hajar

xhf/

num.

ability, status, merit,

capacity
one thousand, 1,000

hajurama

xh/cfdf

n.

grandmother

hajurba

xh/af

n.

grandfather [rural]

hajurbuva

xh/ajf

n.

grandfather

hajurmuma

xh/ddf

n.

grandmother [upper class]

hak

xs

n.

right, authority, claim

hal

xfn

n./adj.

halkhabar

xfnva/

n.

present time, present

condition, description
news current affair

halla

xNnf

n.

halnu

xfNg

v.t.
54

a religious or benevolent
society, trust, pledge
knowledge, intelligence,
understanding, wisdom
learned, intelligent,
informed, erudite
memorandum

noise, turmoil, uproar,

tumult
to put, to serve

haluka

xnsf

adj.

light (in weight)

haluko

xnsf]

adj.

light [weight]

halungo

xnf]

adj.

light [weight]

haluva

xnjf

n.

haluvabed

xnjfa]b

n.

flour boiled in water and

mixed with butter and sugar
a kind of sweet fruit

hamala

xdnf

n.

attack, invasion, assault

hamro

xfd|f]

pron.

our (m.)

hango

xfuf]

n.

branch, offspring

haninu

xflgg

v.i.

hanknu

xfSg

v.t.

hannu

xfGg

v.t.

to run very fast, to fly very

fast
to drive, to challenge, to
exaggerate
to strike, to shoot, to jump

hans

xf;

n.

duck, goose, swan

hansa

x+;

n.

hansaunu

x+;fpg

v.t.

soul, vital air, life; duck,

swan, goose
to cause to laugh

hanseuli

x;]pnL

n.

hansilo

xl;nf]

adj.

hans-kukhura palan

xf;sv/f kfng

n.

laughter, joke, jest, fun,

spott
humerous, cheerful,
frolicsome, jolly, jovial, gay,
merry
poultry farming

hanso

xf;f]

n.

laughter, laugh

hanssi

x:;L

n.

laughter, joke, fun

hara

x/

adj.

every, everyone

haraunu

x/fpg

v.i.

to lose, to defeat

harayo

x/fof]

harbakhat

x/avt

adv.

always, ever

hardam

x/bd

adv.

always, ever

hariya makai

xl/of ds}

n.

corn on the cob

hariyo

xl/of]

adj.

green

hartakarta

xtf{stf{

n.

hasil

xfl;n

adj.

one who is all in all, the

Almighty
obtained, acquired

hastagat

x:tut

adj.

received, obtained

hastakala

x:tsnf

n.

handicraft, hand-work

hastakshar

x:tfIf/

n.

signature, one's own

it has got lost

55

handwriting
hastakshep

x:tIf]k

n.

interference, interruption

hat

xft

n.

hand

hat aunu

xft cfpg

comp.

hat halnu

xft xfNg

to fall into someone's

hands
to lend a hand

hatiyar

xltof/

n.

weapon

hatkelo

xTs]nf]

n.

palm

hatnu

x^\g

v.i.

hatteri

xQ]/L

adv.

hatti

xfQL

n.

to retreat, to go away, to
get out of the way
word used for expressing
surprise or sorrow
elephant

hatya

xTof

n.

murder, killing, slaughter

hava

xjf

n.

air, wind, breeze

hava

xfjf

n.

air, wind, breeze

havai

xjfO{

adj.

airy, relating to air

havai jahaj

xjfO{ hxfh

n.

airplane

havai marg

xjfO{ dfu{

n.

air route

havai-dank

xjfO{*fs

n.

air letter, aerograph

havajahaj

xfjfhxfh

n.

aeroplane, airplane

havan

xjg

n.

fire sacrifice

havapani

xfjfkfgL

n.

climate, weather

havas

xj;\

hemanta

x]dGt

n.

hernu

x]g{

v.t.

o.k. [a word to indicate

obedience]
late autumn, beginning of
the cold season
to see, to look at, to watch

herpher

x]/km]/

n.

hijo

lxhf]

adv.

change, exchange,
alteration, transfer
yesterday

hijo rati

lxhf] /ftL

adv.

last night

hijoaja

lxhf]cfh

adv.

nowadays

himalaya pradesh

lxdfno k|b]z

n.

Himalayan region

himarekha

lxd/]vf

n.

snowline

himasrot bhaeko nadi

lxd;|f]t ePsf] gbL

n.

meltwater river

him-marubhumi

lxdd?e'ld

n.

tundra

hina

xLg

adj.

low, vile, inferior, degraded,

56

base, humble
Hindi

hindi

lxGbL

n.

hindnu

lx+*\g

v.i.

hira

xL/f

n.

to walk, to go, to move, to

start, to set off
diamond

hit

lxt

n.

gain, benefit

hiun

lxp

n.

snow

hoco

xf]rf]

adj.

short, low

hodabaji

xf]*afhL

n.

contest, gambling, betting

hosh

xf]z

n.

hosh garnu

xf]z ug{

v.t.

sense, sensibility,
intelligence
to be cautious

hoshiyar

xf]lzof/

adj.

cautious, careful

hoshiyari

xf]lzof/L

n.

hotel

xf]^]n

n.

cautiousness, carefulness,
prudence
hotel

hridaya

x[bo

n.

heart, mind, will

hukka

xSsf

n.

water pipe, Hookka

hulak adda

xnfs c*\*

n.

post office

hundi

xlb

postp.

during

huri

x/L

n.

strong wind, storm

huri calnu

x/L rNg

hyolmo

xf]ndf]

n.

iccha

OR%f

n.

Hyolmo [a Nepalese
nationality]
wish, desire

icchit

OlR%t

adj.

desired, wished for

icchuk

OR%"s

adj.

interested

ijjat

OHht

n.

honour, status

ikh

O{v

n.

jealousy, envy, vengeance

ikh phernu

O{v km]g" {

v.t.

to take revenge

ilaka

Onfsf

n.

ilam

Onfd

n.

ilame

Onfd]

n.

jurisdiction, possession,
limit, area under control
Ilam (a district in Eastern
Nepal)
inhabitant of Ilam

iman

O{dfg

n.

truth, belief, faith, honesty

imandar

O{dfgbf/

adj.

honest, trustworthy, faithful

imandar

Odfgbf/

adj.

honest, faithful

to be stormy

57

imandari

O{dfgbf/L

n.

indonesia

OG*f]g]l;of

n.

honesty, faithfulness,
integrity
Indonesien

indriya

OlGb|o

n.

sense, sense organ

inklab

OGSnfa

n.

revolution

int

O+{^

n.

brick

irada

O/fbf

n.

irsya

O{iof{

n.

wish, desire, will, plan,

intention
jealousy, envy

irsyalu

O{iof{n"

adj.

jealous, envious

ishara

Ozf/f

n.

ishvar

O{Zj/

n.

gesture, sign, indication,

wink
God, the Lord

iskus

O:s";

n.

a kind of vegetable

ispat

O:kft

n.

steel

ista

Oi^

adj.

wished, desired

itar

Ot/

adj.

other

itihas

Oltxf;

n.

history

itihasik

Oltxfl;s

adj.

historical

itihaskar

Oltxf;sf/

n.

historian

itrinu

Olqg

v.i.

ityadi

OTofbL

conj.

to be mischievous, to talk
mischievously about sex
etcetera, etc.

iyarphon

Oo/kmf{g

n.

earphone, hearing-aid

jado

hf*f]

n./adj.

coolness, winter, chill, cold

jaga

hu

n.

foundation, ground work

jagaran

hfu/)f

n.

awakening, wakefulness

jagat

jut

n.

universe, the world

jagga

hUUff

n.

landland, field, estate

jagir

hfuL/

n.

jagnu

hfUg

v.i.

jahaj

hxfh

n.

employment, Job, service,

monthly salary, wages
to wake up, to be alert, to
be angry
ship, vessel

jahan

hxf

pron.

where

jahan

hxfg

n.

jal

hn

n.

family, members of the

family
water

58

jalaunu

hnfpg

v.t.

jali

hfnL

jalnu

hNg

n./adj. 1. forgerer, netting, web, film;

imitated, forged
v.i.
to burn, to be kindled

jal-shakti

hnzlQm

n.

water power

jalvayu

hnjfo"

n.

climate

jalvayuko prabhav

hnjfo"sf] k|efj

n.

climatical influence

jal-vibhajak

hnljefhs

n.

watershed

jama

hfd

n.

congestion, dregs, rusts

jama

hdf

adv.

tol, in sum, altogether

jamaunu

hdfpg

v.t.

to make solid, to freeze

jamin

hdLg

n.

land, field

jamma

hDdf

adv.

tol, in sum, altogether

jamnu

hDg

v.i.

to be frozen

jana

hgf

n.

(counting word for persons)

jana-andolan

hgcf+bf]ng

n.

janacetana

hgr]tgf

n.

janaganana

hgu)fgf

n.

popular movement,
people's movement
ethnic consciousness,
national consciousness
census

janai

hg}

n.

jana-jagaran

hghfu/)f

n.

janajati

hghflt

n.

sacred thread of a
Brahman
popular awakening,
renaissance
ethnic group, nationality

janajivan

hghLjg

n.

public life, public living

janakari

hfgsf/L

n.

knowledge, information

janapakshiya

hgkIfLo

adj.

related to the people

janapravad

hgk|jfb

n.

jana-sahabhagita

hg;xeflutf

n.

hearsay, rumour, common

talk
popular participation

janasamaksha

hg;dIf

comp.

in public

janasankhya

hg;+Vof

n.

population

janashruti

hg>"lt

n.

janasvasthya

hg:jf:Yo

n.

rumour, hearsay, common

talk
public health

janata

hgtf

n.

janatantravad

hgtGqjfb

n.
59

to set fire to

people, public, mass,

mankind
democracy

janatantrik

hgtlGqs

adj.

democratic, democratical

janavad

hgjfb

n.

janavar

hgfj/

n.

a political principle in which

the supreme administrator
must be elected by
common people
animal, beast

janc

hfr

n.

exam, test

jancnu

hfRg

v.t.

to test, to examine

jand

hf*

n.

beer

jangal jamaune kam

h+un hdfpg] sfd

n.

jangal tayar parne

h+un tof/ kfg]{

n.

jangali

hnL

adj.

afforestation,
reafforestation
afforestation,
reafforestation
savage, wild, beastly

janieko

hflgPsf]

adj.

known

janjal

h~hfn

n.

janma

hGd

n.

janmabhumi

hGde'ld

n.

worldly domestic affairs,

family, wife and children
birth, life, nativity,
production
birthplace

janmadar

hGdb/

n.

birth rate

janmadata

hGdbftf

n.

father, progenitor, producer

janmanu

hGdg

v.i.

to be born

janmat

hgdt

n.

public opinion

janmathalo

hGdynf]

n.

janmaunu

hGdfpg

v.t.

birth-place, place where

born
to give birth to

janmeko

hGd]sf]

adj.

born

jannu

hfGg

v.t.

to know, to understand

jantantra

hgtGq

n.

people's democracy

janto

hftf]

n.

janu

hfg

v.i.

handmill for grinding corn

etc.
to go

japan

hfkfg

n.

Japan

japnu

hKg

v.t.

jarayo

h/fof]

n.

to mutter prayers, to repeat

mantra or prayer, to tell
beads
a kind of deer

jari

hf/L

adj.

60

proceeding, continued,
current, in force

jarimana

h/Ldfgf

n.

jarivana

h/Ljfgf

n.

jaruri

h?/L

adj.

fine, punishment, money

penalty
fine, punishment, money
penalty
urgent, immediate

jasta

h:tf

n.

tin

jastai

h:t}

conj.

as for example, i.e., like

jasto

h:tf]

conj.

as for example, i.e., like

jasto dekhincha

h:tf] b]lvG%

comp.

it looks like

jasto sunincha

h:tf] ;"lgG%

comp.

it sounds like

jat

hft

n.

class, caste, kind, sort

jati

hlt

adv.

that much, about

jativacak nam

hfltjfrs gfd

n.

generic term

jatiya

hftLo

adj.

jatpat

hftkft

n.

national, pertaining to the

nation
caste system

jau

hf}

n.

barley

javab

hjfa

n.

answer

javan

hjfg

n.

young man, youth

javaph

hjfkm

n.

answer

javaphdehi

hjfkmb]xL

n.

jaya

ho

n.

jayaprakash malla

hok|sfz dNn

n.

jehandar

h]xGbf/

adj.

responsibility,
accountability, obligation
victory, conquest, triumph,
gain, profit
Jayaprakash Malla [the last
Malla king of Kathmandu]
intelligent, wise

jel

h]n

n.

jail, prison

jeth

h]&

n.

jethaju

h]&fh"

n.

second month of the Nepali

year [May-June]
husband's elder brother

jethan

h]&fg

n.

elder brother' wife

jethani didi

h]&fgL lbbL

n.

jethi sasu

h]&L ;f;"

n.

husband's elder brother's

wife
wife's elder sister

jetho

h]&f]

n.

eldest [of brothers]

jhagada

u*f

n.

quarrel, dispute, squabble

jhalkanu

Nsg

v.i.

to mshine, to glitter, to
glisten

61

jhalmal

ndn

adj.

bright, resplendent, brilliant

jhamtanu

D^g

v.t.

to spring upon, to assault

jhan

adv.

more

jhan jhan

g g

jhanda

)*f

n.

flag, banner

jhangad

fu*

n.

jhantnu

f^g
\

v.t.

Jhangad [a Nepalese
nationality]
to thresh (paddy), to rebuke

jharnu

g{

v.i.

jhaskanu

:sg

v.i.

jhiknu

lSg

v.t.

to fall, to descend, to go
down
to be startled, to get
frightened all of a sudden,
to feel sudden alarm
to take out, to take off

jhinge macha

l+u] df%f

n.

shrimp

jhingo

k+uf]

n.

fly, housefly

jhol

f]n

n.

broth, soup

jhuknu

"Sg

v.i.

to bow down, to stoop

jhunda

")*f

n.

group, assembly, bond

jhutho

'&f]

adj.

untrue, false

jhuto

'^f]

adj.

untrue, false

jhyal

\ofn

n.

window

jhyalkhana

\ofnvfgf

n.

jail, prison

jibro

lha|f]

n.

tongue

jilla

lhNnf

n.

district

jilla pramukh adhikari

lhNnf k|d'v clwsf/L

n.

Chief District Officer, CDO

jilla vikas samiti

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

n.

jimma

lhDdf

n.

District Development
Committee, DDC
responsibility, care, custody

jimmevari

lhDd]jf/L

n.

responsibility

jindagi

lhGbuL

n.

life

jira

hL/f

n.

cumin

jirel

lh/]n

n.

jit

hLt

n.

Jirel [a Nepalese
nationality]
victory, triumph, success

jitnu

lhTg

jiu

hLp

n.

body, person, frame

jiundo

lhpbf]

adj.

living, alive, lively

more and more

to win

62

jiunu

lhpg

v.i.

to live

jivajantu

hLjhGt"

n.

living being, animal

jivan

hLjg

n.

life, existence, animation

jivani

hLjgL

n.

life-story, biography

jivanshaili

hLjgz}nL

n.

way of life, habits, lifestyle

jivjantu

hLjhGt"

n.

animal, living being

joban

hf]ag

n.

jod

hf]*

n.

jodi

hf]*L

n.

youth, puberty, flower of

youth
power, strength; join,
addition, total, the sum total
couple

jodnu

hf]*\g

v.t.

to add, to join

joi

hf]O{

n.

wife [rural]

jokhnu

hf]Vg

v.t.

to weigh

jotnu

hf]Tg

v.t.

to plow, to harness

juhar

h"xf/

n.

jewel, jewellery, gem

juka

h"sf

n.

leeches, tapeworms

juktanu

h"Qmg

v.i.

julus

h"n";

n.

to be forthcoming, to be
collected, to be united, to
be entangled
procession, marching

jumra

h"d|f

n.

lice

jun

h'g

n.

moon

jun

h"g

pron.

which, whichever

junaph

h"gfkm

n.

presence

junar

hgf/

n.

orange

junelo

hg]nf]

n.

large millet

junga

huf

n.

moustache

junkiri

h'gsL/L

n.

firefly

junsukai

hg;s}

pron.

whichever, whatsoever

juramuraunu

h/d/fpg

v.i.

to be active, to be alert

jut

h^

adj.

group, party

jutaunu

h^fpg

v.t.

to collect, to gather

juthyaunu

h&fpg

v.t.

to get dirty, so soil

jutnu

h^\g

v.i.

to be collected, to be united

63

jutta

hQf

n.

shoe, slipper, boot

juva

hjf

n.

game, gamble

juva khelnu

hjf v]Ng

jvain

HjfO

n.

jyada

Hofbf

adj.

jyadai

Hjfb}

adj.

jyestha

Ho]i&

n.

jyotirvidya

Hof]ltlj{B

n.

second month of the Nepali

year (May-June)
astronomy, astrology

jyotis

Hof]ltif

n.

astronomy, astrology

jyotisi

Hof]ltifL

n.

astrologer, astronomer

kabja

sAhf

n.

possession, occupation

kacauro

srf}/f]

n.

cup

kachuva

s%jf

n.

turtle, tortoise

kacinggal

slr+un

n.

quarrel

kada

s*f

adj.

hard, harsh, cruel, unkind

kadam

sbd

n.

step, footstep

kadar

sb/

n.

respect, value, appreciation

kag

sfu

n.

crow, raven

kagati

sfutL

n.

lime

kahalaunu

sxnfpg

v.i.

to be called, to be famous

kahan

sxf

pron.

where? in what place?

kahan pani

sxf klg

adv.

nowhere, not anywhere

kahani

sxfgL

n.

saying, proverb, story

kahile

slxn]

pron.

when? at what time?

kahile kahin

slxn] sxL+

adv.

kahin

sxL+

adv.

sometimes, from time to

time
wherever

kahin kahin

sxL+ sxL+

adv.

kahinlo

sflx+nf]

n.

at some places, in many a

place
fourth eldest [of brothers]

kaid

s}b

n.

imprisonment, jail

kaid garnu

s}b ug{

v.t.

to arrest

kaidi

s}bL

n.

prisoner, captive, convict

kaidkhana

s}bvfgf

n.

prison, jail

to gamble

64

daughter's husband, sonin-law

too much, in excess,
excessive
extremely

kailo

s}nf]

adj.

light-brown [hair]

kainyo

sfOof]

n.

comb

kaiphat

s}kmt

n.

kaiphiyat

s}lkmot

n.

kaiyaun

s}of}+

adj.

statement, remark,
description
statement, remark,
description
innumerable, many, several

kaiyun

s}o"

adj.

innumerable, many, several

kaj

sfh

n.

work, duty, job, occupation

kaju

sfh'

n.

cashew nut

kaka

sfsf

n.

father's brother

kakh

sfv

n.

kakhi

sfvL

n.

position formed while sitting

cross-legged on the floor,
side of the body above the
hip, lap
arm-pit

kaki

sfsL

n.

father's brother's wife

kakrinu

slqmg

v.i.

kakryaunu

sqmfpg

v.t.

to become stiff by cold, to

be numbed
to make numbed

kal

sfn

n.

kala

snf

n.

kalaha

snx

n.

kalakar

snfsf/

n.

quarrel, scramble, dispute,

fray
artist, technician

kalakaushal

snfsf}zn

n.

state of being skilful

kale

sfn]

n.

kaleji

sn]hL

adj.

a dark skinned human

being
dark-red

kalejo

sn]hf]

n.

liver

kaligad

sflnu*

n.

artisan

kalij

sflnh

n.

pheasant

kalilo

slnnf]

adj.

ender, soft, delicate, young

kalo

sfnf]

adj.

black

kalo dal

sfnf] bfn

n.

black lentils

kalo mas

sfnf] df;

n.

black lentils

kalpa

sNk

n.

era

kalpana

sNkgf

n.

imagination, fiction,

65

time, period, era, age,

season, death
art, craft, technics

kalpanashakti

sNkgfzlQm

n.

supposition, assumption
powers of imagination

kalyan

sNof)f

n.

welfare, good

kalyanakari

sNof)fsf/L

adj.

kam

sfd

n.

propitious, auspicious,
beneficial, good
work, duty, job, occupation

kam

sd

adj.

little, less, small

kam garnu

sfd ug{

v.t.

to work

kamai

sdfO

n.

kamaunu

sdfpg

v.t.

kamdar

sfdbf/

n.

kamej

sd]h

n.

income, returns, mode of

earning
to earn, to acquire wealth,
to cultivate
worker, labourer, porter,
helper
shirt

kamero

sd]/f]

n.

kamilo

sldnf]

n.

kamjori

sdhf]/L

n.

kamkaj

sfdsfh

n.

weakness, debility,
deficiency
business, occupation, work

kammal

sDdn

n.

blanket

kammar

sDd/

n.

waist

kamnu

sfdg

v.i.

to tremble, to shiver

kamta

sDtf

adj.

less, insufficient, short

kamti

sDtL

adj.

less, insufficient, short

kan

sfg

n.

ear

kancat

sGr&

n.

temple

kanchi

sfG%L

n.

kancho

sfG%f]

n.

last born female child, nice

young girl
youngest [of brothers]

kanco

sfrf]

adj.

raw, unripe, immature

kand

sf)*

n.

chapter, branch, incident

kandha

sfw

kandhinu

sflwg

v.i.

to be fatt [with eating]

kando

sf*f]

n.

thorn

kanggal

sfn

adj.

poor, penniless, penurious

kanka loti

sfGsf nf]tL

n.

ear lobes

white clay used in painting

walls
ant

shoulder

66

kankro

sfqmf]

n.

cucumber

kano

sfgf]

adj.

blind in one eye, one-eyed

kanparo

sGkf/f]

n.

temple

kanso

sf;f]

n.

bronze

kanta

sf^f

n.

fork

kantipur

sflGtk/

kanun

sfg'g

n.

Kantipur [an old name for

Kathmandu]
law, regulation

kanun bamojit

sfg'g adf]lht

kapada

sk*f

n.

kapal

skfn

n.

according to the law, in

conformity with the law
cloth, clothing, apparel,
wear
hair of the head, head

kapal kornu

skfn sf]g{

v.t.

to comb the hair

kapal nuhaunu

skfn gxfpg

v.t.

rinse hair

kaphal

sfkmn

n.

kaphi

skmL

n.

a fruit like strawberry but

with a hard pit
coffee

kapnu

sKg

v.t.

to carve, to chisel

kar

sf/

n.

car

kar

s/

n.

tax

kara

sf/f

n.

imprisonment, confinement

karadanda

sf/fb)*

n.

prison sentence

karagar

sf/fuf/

n.

prison, jail

karagriha

sf/fu[x

n.

prison, jail

karai

s/fO{

n.

karamat

s/fdt

n.

cooking pot [with a wide

mouth]
miracle

karan

sf/)f

n.

karaunu

s/fpg

v.i.

cause, motive, purpose,

reason, occasion, origin
to shout

karavas

sf/fjf;

n.

prison sentence

kardata

s/bftf

n.

karelo

s/]nf]

n.

karib

s/La

adv.

tributory, tax-paying, taxpayer

a bitter vegetable, bitter
gourd
almost, aproximately

karigar

sf/Lu/

n.

artisan

karkhana

sf/vfgf

n.

workshop, factory,

67

karma

sd{

n.

manufactory
deed, act, work

karmacari

sdf{rf/L

n.

employee, officer

karod

s/f]*

num.

kartavya

st{Jo

n.

crore, 10 million,
10.000.000
duty, task

kartik

sflt{s

n.

karuva

s?jf

n.

karya

sfo{

n.

karya samiti

sfo{ ;ldlt

n.

action, act, duty,

occupation, profession,
function, role
working committee

karyakarini

sfo{sfl/)fL

adj.

executive

karyakram

sfo{qmd

n.

programme, schedule

karyalaya

sfof{no

n.

workshop, office

karyanvayan

sfof{Gjog

n.

execution, implementation

karyapalika

sfo{kflnsf

n.

executive

karyashala

sfo{zfnf

n.

workshop

kasari

s;/L

pron.

how? in what way?

kasaundi

s;f}+*L

n.

kasle lagyo?

s:n] nfUof] <

comp.

cooking pot [with a narrow

mouth]
who has taken it?

kasnu

s:g

v.t.

to tighten, to pull firmly

kast

si^

n.

kasturi

s:t'/L

n.

pain, distress, trouble,

hardship
muskdeer

katahar

s^x/

n.

jack fruit

kataunu

s^fpg

v.t.

katauro

s^f}/f]

n.

to cause to be cut, to cause

to be beheaded
cup

katha

syf

n.

story, tale, fable, narrative

katha halnu

syf xfNg

comp.

to tell a story

kathan

syg

n.

kathin

sl&g

adj.

kathinai

sl&gfO{

n.

utterance, narration,
statement
difficult, hard, arduous, not
easy
difficulty

kathit

slyt

adj.

said, narrated, told

68

seventh month of the

Nepali year (OctoberNovember)
brass pot with a spout

kathor

s&f]/

adj.

kati

slt

pron.

hard, harsh, rigid, unkind,

cruel
how much? how many?

kati baje ?

slt ah] <

comp.

at which time?

kati bajyo?

slt aHof] <

comp.

what's the time?

kati bhayo?

slt eof] <

comp.

how much is it?

katima?

sltdf <

comp.

for how much?

katinu

sfl^g

v.i.

to be cut

katipaya

sltko

adj.

some, few

katnu

sf^\g

v.t.

to cut, to chop, to cancel

kattar

s/

adj.

diehard, orthodox

kauli

sfpnL

n.

cauliflower

kavi

slj

n.

poet

kavita

sljtf

n.

poem

kayam

sfod

adj.

fixed, settled, firm, steady

kayam garnu

sfod ug{

comp.

to fix a date

ke

s] <

pron.

what?

kehi

s]xL

adj.

something

kehi kurako anurodh

garnu
kehi kurako mato
milnu
kehi kurama anurodh
garnu
kehi kurama mato
milnu
kelaunu

s]xL s'/fsf] cg/f]w ug{

comp.

to ask for, to request

s]xL s/fsf] dtf] ldNg

comp.

to agree upon, to arrange

s]xL s/fdf cg/f]w ug{

comp.

to ask for, to request

s]xL s/fdf dtf] ldNg

comp.

to agree upon, to arrange

s]nfpg

v.t.

to sift, to remove impurities

kendrit

s]lGb|t

adj.

centered

kera

s]/f

n.

banana

kerau

s]/fp

n.

pea

kesari

s];/L

adj.

saffron-coloured

kesh

s]z

n.

hair of the head

ketaketima

s]^fs]^Ldf

comp.

in childhood

keti

s]^L

n.

girl

keto

s]^f]

n.

boy

keval

s]jn

adv.

only, mere, all, whole

69

khabar

va/

n.

message

khabarkagat

va/sfut

n.

newspaper

khacar

vRr/

n.

mule

khada

v*f

adj.

erect, upright

khadkundo

v*\s*
f]

n.

khadukunlo

v*sn
f]

n.

khadyanna

vfBfGg

n.

a very large cooking vessel

with rings on two sides to
hold
a very large cooking vessel
with rings on two sides to
hold
food grains

khagat

vfut

n.

paper

khairo

v}/f]

adj.

brown

khaja

vfhf

n.

snack

khajasaja

vfhf;fhf

n.

snack

khajur

vh/

n.

date

khala

vfnf

n.

the outer layer of skin

khaldo

vfN*f]

n.

khali

vfnL

adj.

valley, ditch, trench, pit,

hole
only, mere, merely, alone

khamba

vDaf

n.

pillar, pole, post

khanaunu

vgfpg

v.t.

to cause to be dug

khanci

vfrL

n.

khanco

vfrf]

n.

khand

v)*

n.

khandan

v)*g

n.

khandit

vl)*t

adj.

Khanchi [one of the former

mini stets of western Nepal]
requirement, need,
necessity
part, section, chapter,
division, piece, canto
refutation, rebuttal,
repudiation, denial
broken into pieces, split

khanekura

vfg] s/f

n.

food

khani

vflg

n.

mine

khanij

vlgh

n.

minerals

khanij padartha

vlgh kbfy{

n.

mineral product

khaninu

vlgg

v.i.

to be poured out

khannu

vGg

v.t.

to dig

khanu

vfg

v.t.

to eat

khanyaunu

vGofpg

v.t.

to pour out

70

khapat

vkt

n.

consumption, sale, demand

khappar

vKk/

n.

skull

kharab

v/fa

adj.

kharab

v/a

num.

kharani

v/fgL

bad, wicked, spoiled,

naughty
100 billion,
1.00.00.00.00.000
ashes, ash-coloured

kharau

v/fp

n.

kharaunu

v/fpg

v.t.

wooden sandal, wooden

slipper
to fry hard, to overparch

kharayo

v/fof]

n.

hare

kharca

vr{

n.

kharidnu

vl/*\g

v.t.

expense, expenditure,
disbursement, oulay
to buy, to purchase

kharij

vfl/h

adj.

khas

vf;

adj.

dismissed, rejected,
discharged
real, true, particular, proper

khasaunu

v;fpg

v.t.

to cause to fall

khasi

v;L

n.

castrated he-goat

khasnu

v:g

v.i.

to fall, to die

khasro

v;|f]

adj.

rough, coarse, frank

khat

vf^

n.

bed stead

khatam

vtd

n.

khednu

v]b\g

v.t.

end, finish, conclusion,

death
to chase

khel

v]n

n.

play, game

kheladi

v]nf*L

n.

player

khelaunu

v]nfpg

v.t.

to cause to play

khelnu

v]Ng

v.t.

to play, to act

kher

v]/

n.

kheri

v]l/

postp.

time, length of time,

destruction, loss, waste
during

kheti

v]tL

n.

agriculture, cultivation

kheti garnu

v]tL ug{

v.t.

khetikamai

v]tLsdfO

n.

to till the ground, to carry

out agriculture
agricultural income

kheti-pati

v]tLkftL

n.

agriculture, cultivation

khicadi

lvr*L

n.

a mixture of rice and lentils

cooked together

71

khicalo

lvrnf]

n.

khicolo

lvrf]nf]

n.

khir

vL/

n.

interference, meddling;
disturbance, quarrel,
turmoil
meddling, quarrel,
interference
rice pudding

khoi

vf]O

pron.

where (is it) ?

khoj

vf]h

n.

search, quest, pursuit

khoji

vf]hL

n.

inquiry

khojkhabar

vf]hva/

n.

khojnu

vf]Hg

v.t.

trace, quest, search,

enquiry
to search

kholnu

vf]Ng

v.i./v.t.

kholo

vf]nf]

n.

khopo

vf]kf]

n.

khoriya

vf]l/of

n.

khorsani

vf];f{gL

n.

a small hole in the wall for

keeping things
uncultivated land, nature
reserve
chilli, hot pepper

khosuva

vf];jf

n.

thieve, one who snatches

khudkila

v*\lsnf

n.

steps

khukuri

vs/L

n.

a Nepalesed curved knife

khumcinu

vlDrg

v.i.

to shrink

khunda

v*f

n.

khushi

vzL

khusi

v;L

adj.

a kind of sword, a kind of

scimitar
pleasure, delight,
cheerfulness, glad, happy
happy

khutrukka

vqSs

n.

khutto

vf]

n.

the sound produced by little

articles when dropped
leg

khuvaunu

vjfpg

v.t.

to feed

ki

ls

conj.

kilakile

lsnlsn]

n.

or, either; word to denote

interrogation or doubt
uvula

kimbu

lsDa

n.

mulberry

kina

lsg

pron.

why?

kinabhane

lsgeg]

conj.

because

kinamel garnu

lsgd]n ug{

v.t.

to go shopping, to buy

72

to open, to unfasten, to
explain, to annotate
small river

kinnu

lsGg

v.t.

to buy

kintu

lsGt

conj.

but, only, without

kinvadanti

ls+jbGtL

n.

kira

sL/f

n.

rumour, hearsay, false

report, popular talk, vague
talk, tradition
worm

kiraya

ls/fof

n.

hire, rent

kiro

sL/f]

n.

insect, worm

kirtiman

sLlt{dfg

adj.

kisam

ls;d

n.

renowned, famous,
celebrated
kind, sort, class, species

kisan

ls;fg

n.

farmer, peasant

kisim

lsl;d

n.

kind, sort, class, species

kismis

ls;ld;

n.

raisins

kisti

ls:tL

n.

tray

kitli

lsTnL

n.

kettle

kitnu

ls^\g

v.t.

kodali

sf]bfnL

n.

to grind teeth, to gnash, to

decide, to fix, to specify, to
resolve
spade (with short handle)

kodalo

sf]bfnf]

n.

spade (with long handle)

kodo

sf]bf]

n.

a kind of millet

kohi

sf]xL

adj.

anybody, anyone, someone

koila

sf]Onf

n.

coal

koili

sf]OnL

n.

cuckoo

kop

sf]k

n.

anger, wrath

kop-bhajan

sf]kefhg

n.

victim of anger

kopila

sf]lknf

n.

bud

koriya

sf]l/of

n.

Korea

kornu

sf]g{

v.t.

to scratch

kos

sf];

n.

koshish

sf]lzz

n.

koshish garnu

sf]lzz ug{

v.t.

a measure of length
(distance of about 2 miles)
endeavour, attempt,
exertion, effort
to try

kot

sf]^

n.

coat

kotha

sf]^f

n.

room

kotparva

sf]tkj{

n.

(a histsorical event: Jang

73

Bahadur's coup of 1846

that brought the Rana
family into power)
after the coup of 1846

kotparva pashcat

sf]tkj{ kZrft

kotyaunu

sf]^fpg

v.t.

to prick, to scratch

kram

qmd

n.

kramashah

qmdzM

adj.

krambodhak

qmdaf]ws

n.

series, chain, order,

method
step by step, by degree,
serially, successively
ordinal number

kramjor

qmdhf]/

adj.

weak, ineffective

kranti

qmflGt

n.

krishna paksha

s[i)f kIf

comp.

krisi

s[lif

n.

revolution, pace,
movement, declination,
invading, surpassing
dark fortnight, the phase of
the waning moon
agriculture

krisi utpadan

s[lif pTkfbg

n.

agricultural production

kritagya

s[t!

adj.

thankful, grateful

kriyakalap

lqmofsnfk

n.

functions, rites, ceremonies

kriyapad

lqmofkb

n.

verb

kriyayogi

lqmofof]uL

n.

adverb

kshamata

Ifdtf

n.

kshetra

If]q

n.

ability, capacity, might,

power
file, plot of land, area

kshetraphal

If]qkmn

n.

kucakra

srqm

n.

products of the land, field

crops, area
intrigue, a secret plot

kuco

srf]

n.

broom

kucyaunu

sRofpg

v.t.

to crush

kudnu

sb\g

v.i.

to run

kuhino

s'lxgf]

n.

elbow

kuhuno

sxgf]

n.

elbow

kuhunu

sxg

v.i.

to rot

kukhurako bhale

sv/fsf] efn]

n.

cock, rooster

kukhurako pothi

sv/fsf] kf]yL

n.

hen

kukhuri

sv/L

n.

hen

kukhuro

sv/f]

n.

chicken

kukur

ss/

n.

dog

74

kul

sn

n.

kumari

sdf/L

n.

race, generation, family,

clan, dynasty, parentage
princess, unmarried women

kun

sg

adj.

which, what

kuncahin

sgrflx+

adj.

which one?

kund

s)*

n.

pond, tank

kundnu

sb\g

v.t.

to hew, to carve

kunni

slGg

adv.

kuposan

skf]if)f

n.

I don't know, perhaps,

maybe
malnutrition

kura

s/f

n.

word, matter, affair, talk

kurakani

s/fsfgL

n.

conversation, talk, chat

kurauni

s/fpgL

n.

kurnu

sg{

v.t.

milk boiled down till nearly

solid
to wait,to attend

kursi

s;L{

n.

chair

kushal

szn

n./adj.

kushasan

szf;g

n.

kusti

s:tL

n.

happiness, wellbeing;
skilful, proficient, expert
bad government,
maladministration
wrestling

kusti khelnu

s:tL v]Ng

kutapita

s^lk^

n.

beating, exchange of blows

kutnaitik kshetra

s^g}lts If]q

n.

strategical area

kutnu

s^\g

v.t.

to beat, to hit

kuva

sjf

n.

well

kvartj

Sjf^\{h

n.

quartz

kyare

Sof/]

labh

nfe

n.

lacar

nfrf/

adj.

value, profit, gain, earning,

advantage
unable, helpless, obliged

ladain

n*fO{+

n.

war, battle, fighting, strife

ladnu

n*\g

v.i./v.t.

lagabhaga

nueu

adv.

lagaeko

nufPsf]

adj.

to fight, to struggle, to fall

down
about, nearly,
approximately, almost
used

lagani

nufgL

n.

investment

lagaunu

nufpg

v.t.

to use, to put on, to wear,

to wrestle

I suppose

75

lagayat

nufot

postp.

to set up, to cause to work

including, together with

laghukatha

n#syf

n.

short story

laghu-katha

n#syf

n.

short story

lagnu

nfUg

v.i.

lagu

nfu

adj.

to appear, to begin, to start,

to join
intoxicating, exciting

lahad

nx*

n.

lahad aunu

nx* cfpg

entertainment, diversion of
mind, amusement, joke
to wish

lahar

nx/

n.

lahari

nx/fL

n.

laihernu

nfOx]g{

v.t.

ripple, small wave, surge,

undulation
ripple, small wave, surge,
undulation
to try on [clothes]

laijanu

n}hfg

v.t.

to carry, to take away

laj

nfh

n.

shame, shyness, modesty

lajja

nHhf

n.

lakh

nfv

num.

lakkhan

nSvg

adj.

laksha

nIf

adj.

lakshmiprasad
devkota
lakshya

nIdfLk|;fb b]jsf]^f

n.

nIo

n.

shame, shyness,
dishonour, ignominy,
scandal, disgrace
one hundred thousand,
1.00.000
one hundred thousand,
1.00.000
one hundred thousand,
1.00.000
Lakshmi Prasad Devkota [a
famous Nepali poet]
aim, target, goal

lalitpur

nlntk/

n.

lam

nfd

n.

Lalitpur, Patan [a
neighbouring town of
Kathmandu]
a long line, a queue

lamai

ndfO

n.

length

lamba

nDaf

adj.

long

lamkanu

nDsg

v.i.

lamkhutte

nfDv]

n.

to walk with long steps, to

stride
mosquito

lamo

nfdf]

adj.

long

lampasar

nDk;f/

adj.

prostrate, stretched out

lamtann

ndtGg

adj.

prostrate, stretched out

76

lanchana

nfG%gf

n.

stigma, blame, slander

lanu

nfg

v.t.

to take away, to remove

lapakka

nkSs

adv.

lapsi

nK;L

n.

adhering, attaching,
stricking
a kind of sour fruit

larbarinu

na{l/g

v.i.

to reel, to stagger, to sway

lash

nfz

n.

carcass, dead body

lasun

n;g

n.

garlic

latanpatan

n^gk^g

n.

deceit, fraud

lataramma

n^/Dd

adj.

in bunches, in clusters

lato

nf^f]

adj.

dumb

latti

nfQL

n.

kick

launu

nfpg

v.t.

to put on (clothes), to ware

lauro

nf}/f]

n.

stick

lek

n]s

n.

lekha

n]v

n.

lekhak

n]vs

n.

hilly region, the higher

slope of a mountain
prose composition, writing,
essay, article
author, writer

lekhinu

n]lvg

v.i.

to be written

lekhnath paudyal

n]vgfy kf}*fn

n.

lekhpadh

n]vk(

n.

Lekh Nath Paudyal [a

famous Nepali poet]
reading and writing, study

leninvad

n]lggjfb

n.

Leninism

licchavi

lnR%lj

n.

licchavikal

lnR%ljsfn

n.

Licchavi [an early ruling

dynasty of the Kathmandu
valley]
Licchavi era

ligalige

lnulnu]

n.

uvula

likhat

lnvt

adj.

written

likhit

lnlvt

adj.

written

lila

nLnf

n.

lilam

lnnd

n.

a play, amusement,
diversion
auction

limbu

lnDa'

n.

Limbu [a Nepali nationality]

ling

ln

n.

gender [gram.]

linu

lng

v.t.

lipi

lnlk

n.

to take, to acquire, to
accept
script, writing, handwriting

77

lobh

nf]e

n.

lobhi

nf]eL

adj.

greed, covetousness,
temptation
greedy, stingy, covetous

logne

nf]Ug]

n.

husband [common]

lognemanche

nf]Ug]dfG%]

n.

man, male person

lognemanis

nf]Ug]dflg;

n.

man, male person

lohota

nf]xf]&f

n.

a small metal water-pot

lok

nf]s

n.

loktantra

nf]stGq

n.

world, the three worlds

[heaven, earth, hell],
people
democracy

luga

nuf

n.

clothes, clothing

luga dhunu

nuf w'g

v.t.

wash clothes

luga lagaunu

nuf nufpg

v.t.

put on clothes

luga launu

nuf nfpg

v.t.

put on clothes

luga phernu

nuf km]g{

v.t.

change clothes

luga phukalnu

nuf kmsfNg

v.t.

take off clothes

luga phukaunu

nuf kmsfpg

v.t.

take off clothes

luknu

nSg

v.i.

to hide

lvang

Njf

n.

clove

lyaunu

Nofpg

v.t.

to bring, to fetch

ma

df

postp.

in, at, on, among

macan

drfg

n.

stage

maccinu

dlRrg

v.i.

to swing

macha

df%f

n.

fish

macha marnu

df%f dfg{

v.t.

to fish

madat dinu

dbt lbg

v.t.

to help, to assist

madhes

dw];

n.

madhya-din

dWolbg

n.

the Tarai (the southern flat

land along the Indian
border)
noon

madhyakalin

dWosfnLg

adj.

mediaeval

madhyam

dfWod

n.

medium

madhyamik yug

dfWolds ou

n.

middle ages

madhyanha

dWofGx

n.

noon

madhyarat

dWo/ft

n.

midnight

78

madhyavadhi nirvacan dWofjlw lgjf{rg

madhye
dWo]

n.

mid-term elections

postp.

mag

dfu

n.

amongin the middle, at the

centre, in between, within,
inside
demand, claim

magaj

duh

n.

brain

magar

du/

n.

Magar [a Nepali nationality]

magh

df#

n.

magne

dfUg]

n.

tenth month of the Nepali

year [January/February]
beggar

magnu

dfUg

v.t.

to ask for

maha

dx

n.

honey

mahadhiveshan

dxflwj]zg

n.

mahajan

dxfhg

n.

mahakavi

dxfslj

n.

mahal

dxn

n.

general assembly, general

meeting
moneylender, rich man,
virtuous man
great poet [a title for
Bhanubhakta Acharya]
palace

mahango

dxuf]

adj.

expensive

mahasul

dx;'n

n.

mahasus

dx;';

n./adj.

mahatta

dxQf

n.

mahattva

dxj

n.

mahattvakanksha

dxjsf+Iff

n.

cess, tax, rate, custom,

octroi
feeling, experience,
understanding
greatness, magnitude,
gravity, glory, importance
greatness, magnitude,
gravity, glory, importance
high ambition, great desire

mahattvakankshi

dxjsf+IfL

adj.

ambitious

mahattvapurna

dxjk')f{

adj.

mahila

dlxnf

n.

superb, royal, regal, palmy,

magnanimous, generous
woman

mahilo

dflxnf]

n.

second eldest [of brothers]

mahima

dlxdf

n.

exaltation

mahina

dxLgf

n.

month

mahina

dlxgf

n.

month

maida

d}bf

n.

fine flour

maidan

d}bfg

n.

an open field

maiju

dfOh'

n.

mother's brother's wife

79

mailo

d}nf]

adj.

dirty

mailo

dfOnf]

n.

second eldest [of brothers]

main batti

d}g aQL

n.

candle

maina

d}gf

n.

maiyan

d}of

n.

maja

dhf

n.

majako

dhfsf]

adj.

a name applied to several

different sturnoid passerine
birds of India and countries
further east, belonging to
the genera Acridotheres
and Eulabes
princess; a word used
affectionately for
addressing a daughter
happiness, enjoyment,
rejoicing
pleased, funny

majha

df

n.

middle, centre

majhi

dfL

n.

Majhi [a Nepali nationality]

majhnu

df\g

v.t.

to clean

makai

ds}

n.

corn, maize

makal

dsn

n.

malai man parcha

dnfO{ dg k%{

comp.

a small moveable
earthenware stove used for
heating
I like

malai man pardaina

dnfO{ dg kb{}g

comp.

I don't like

malai thah chaina

dnfO{ yfxf %}g

comp.

I don't know

malesiya

dn]l;of

n.

Malaysia

malilo

dlnnf]

adj.

fertile, manured

maltal

dfntfn

n.

article, goods

mama

dfdf

n.

mother's brother

man

dg

n.

man aunu

dg cfpg

mind, thought, mental

state, heart, feeling
to long, to wish

manadeva

dfgb]j

n.

manahi

dgfxL

n.

Manadeva [name of
several kings of the
Licchavi era]
prohibition, control

manai

dgfO{

n.

prohibition, control

mananiya

dfggLo

adj.

manasib

dgfl;a

adj.

honorable, respectable,
venerable
right, just, proper,
reasonable, fit

80

manaunu

dgfpg

v.t.

to celebrate

manav

dfgj

n.

manavshastra

dfgjzf:q

n.

mankind, man, human

being
anthropology

manbodhak

dfgaf]ws

adj.

honorific [grammar]

manc

d~r

n.

dais, raised platform, stage

mancari

d~r/L

n.

manche

dfG%]

n.

cluster of buds and flowers,

flower bud
man, person

mandro

dfGb|f]

n.

large bamboo or cane mat

mangal

d+un

n.

the planet Mars

mangalvar

d+unjf/

n.

Tuesday

mangga

dfu

n.

manglavar

d+Unjf/

n.

demand, requirement,
requisition
Tuesday

mangoliya

d+uf]lnof

mangsir

d+u;L/

n.

mani

dfgL

adj.

eighth month of the Nepali

year [November/December]
respectable, respectful

manis

dflg;

n.

man, person

mannu

dfGg

v.t.

manoranjan

dgf]/~hg

n.

manovigyan

dgf]lj!fg

n.

to respect, to worship, to
accept, to observe
amusement, entertainment,
recreation
psychology

manovigyanik

dgf]lj!flgs

adj.

psychological

manparaunu

dgk/fpg

v.t.

to like, to approve, to prefer

mansthiti

dgl:ylt

n.

mental state

mantavya

dGtJo

n.

mantralaya

dGqfno

n.

view, opinion, remark, note,

comment
ministery

mantri

dGqL

n.

minister

manyata

dfGotf

n.

mapdanda

dfkb)*

n.

recognition, validity,
accredition
touchstone, standard

maramar

df/fdf/

n.

fight

marathi

d/f&L

n.

Marathi

marg

dfu{

n.

eighth month of the Nepali

year [November/December]

Mongolei

81

maric

dl/r

n.

black pepper

marka

dsf{

n.

loss, harm, damage

marnu

dfg{

v.t.

to kill, to slaughter

masala

d;nf

n.

spices

masauda

d;f}bf

n.

draft, rough copy

masi

d;L

n.

ink

masino

dl;gf]

adj.

mast

d:t

adj.

fine, thin, mild, gentle,

delicate
drunk, intoxicated

mastira

dfl:t/

n./adv.

above, up

masu

df;

n.

meat

mat

dt

n.

matabhed

dte]b

n.

vote, opinion, voice,

dogma, belief
difference of opinion

matako

df^fsf]

adj.

earthen

matganana

dtu)fgf

n.

counting of votes

mathi

dfly

postp.

above

mathlo tala

dfYnf] tnf

n.

upper floor

matnu

dfTg

v.i.

to get drunk

mato

dtf]

n.

mato

df^f]

n.

consultation, counsel,
opinion
earth, clay, soil

matoko sarvekshan

df^f]sf] ;j]{If)f

n.

soil survey

matribhakta

dfq[eQm

n.

a devotee of one's mother

matribhasa

dfq[efiff

n.

mother tongue

matriprem

dfq[k|]d

n.

mother love

maulik

df}lns

adj.

original

mauna

df}g

n.

silence, taciturnity, mum

mauri

df}/L

n.

bee, honeybee

mausam

df};d

n.

weather, season, monsoon

mausimi

df}l;dL

adj.

seasonal

mausuph

df};'km

pron.

maya

dfof

n.

personal address towards

the king [royal honorific
pronoun]
love

maya garnu

dfof ug{

v.t.

to love

mece

d]r]

n.

Meche [a Nepali nationality]

82

meghalaya

d]#fno

n.

mehanat

d]xgt

n.

Meghalaya [a Northeast
Indian state]
industry, labour, hard work

mehel

d]x]n

n.

a fruit

mel

d]n

n.

meva

d]jf

n.

meeting, unity, concord,

harmony, intimacy,
friendship, union, alliance
melon

midiya

ldl*of

n.

media

mihi

ldxL

adj.

mihinet

ldlxg]t

n.

fine, fine spun, finely

pulverized; soft, tender,
smooth
labour, industry, work, toil

mihineti

ldlxg]tL

adj.

milaunu

ldnfpg

v.t.

milnu

ldNg

v.i.

mirg

ldu{

n.

misaunu

ld;fpg

v.t.

misri

ld;|L

n.

to mingle, to mix up
together
sugar candy, rockcandy

mit

dLt

n.

friend (ritually concluded)

mit lagaunu

dLt nufpg

v.t.

to make friends (ritually)

mithai

ld&fO{

n.

sweets

mitho

dL&f]

adj.

delicious, tasteful, tasty

miti

ldlt

n.

date, day, limit, time

mohani

df]xgL

n.

charm, enchantment

mohi

df]xL

n.

buttermilk

mohi parnu

df]xL kfg{

v.t.

to make buttermilk

moja

df]hf

n.

socks, stocking, hose

moren

df]/]g

n.

moraine

mosam

df];d

n.

orange

motamoti

df]^fdf]&L

adj.

near about, approximately

motar

df]^/

n.

car

motar haknu

df]t/ xfSg

v.t.

to drive a car

83

industrious, hardworking,
busy, active
to reconcile, to resolve, to
arbitrate, to bring about an
agreement, to cause to
join, to mix, to adjust, to
solve, to balance
to agree, to fit in, to mingle
to mix up, to befit
deer

motaunu

df]^fpg

v.i.

to get fat

moto

df]^f]

adj.

fat

mrig

d[u

n.

deer

mrityu

d[To

n.

death

mrityuko danda

d[Tosf] b)*

n.

death penalty

mudda

d@f

n.

law-suite, case

mudki

d*\sL

n.

blow of a fist

mudra

db|f

n.

seal, coin, gesture

mudrak

db|s

n.

printer

mudrakshar

db|fIf/

n.

printing type

mudralaya

db|fno

n.

press, printing place

mudran

db|)f

n.

act of printing

muhan

dxfg

n.

muhar

dxf/

n.

source of a river or an
irrigation canal
facade

muhurta

dx't{

n.

mukam

dsfd

n.

mukh

dv

n.

a division of time (48

minutes), auspicious
moment, a moment, a
while, a very short time
halting place, halt, dwelling,
place of residence,
camping place
mouth, face

mukh dhunu

dv wg

v.t.

wash and clean the face

mukhyat

dVot

adv.

mukta

dQm

adj.

chiefly, mainly, principally,

primarily
liberated, released

mukta garnu

dQm ug{

v.t.

to free

mul

d'n

n.

root, source, origin

mula

d'nf

n.

radish

mulak

d'ns

postp.

mulatah

d'ntM

adv.

mulayat

dnfot

adj.

based on, depending on,

growing from, emanating
from, originating from
basically, fundamentally,
primarily, essentially
soft

mulsadak

d'n;*s

n.

main road

muluk

dns

n.

country, realm, kingdom

mulvasi

d'njf;L

n.

native, original inhabitant

84

mulya

d'No

n.

cost, price, worth, value

mulyangkan

d'Nofg

n.

valuation, estimation

muma

ddf

n.

munal

dgfn

n.

mung

n.

muni

dlg

postp.

mother [used by upper

class only]
a kind of bird from the
mountains
a kind of Lentils, mung
bean
below, under

muntira

dlGt/

postp.

downwards, below, under

musaldhare

s;nwf/]

adj.

torrential, heavy

muskaunu

d:sfpg

v.i.

to smile

muskuraunu

d:s/fpg

v.t.

to smile

muso

d';f]

n.

mouse, rat

musoko dulo

d';f]sf] bnf]

n.

mousehole

musuro

d;/f]

n.

a kind of lentils

muthi

d&L

n.

fist

mutu

d^

n.

heart

mvain

DjfO

n.

kiss

mvain khanu

DjfO vfg

myaun garnu

dofp ug{

v.t.

to mew

na

conj.

neither, nor

nabbe

gAa]

num.

ninety, 90

nac

gfr

n.

dance

nacnu

gfRg

v.i.

to dance

nadi

gbL

n.

river

nagar

gu/

n.

town, city

nagarik

gful/s

adj.

civil, urban, metropolitan

nagarik shastra

gful/s zf:q

n.

civics, civic studies

nagarpalika

gu/kflnsf

n.

nai

g}

part.

nain

gfO{+

interj.

municipality, municipal
committee
a particle used after the
word to give emphasis
no, negation

naitikta

g}ltstf

n.

morals, morality, ethics

naito

gfO^f]

n.

navel

najar

gh/

n.

eye, vision, sight, look,

glance

to kiss

85

najarana

gh/fgf

n.

gift, present

najarana

gh/fgf

n.

gift, present, presentation

najayaj

gfhfoh

adj.

improper

najik

ghLs

adj.

near, close to, next to

najitnu

glhTg

v.t.

not to win

nak

gfs

n.

nose

nakka pora

gfs\sf kf]/f

n.

nostrils

nakkal

gSsn

n.

copy, fashion

naksha

gSzf

n.

pattern, map, plan, chart

nalikhutto

glnvf]

n.

shin-bone

nam

gfd

n.

name, noun

namak

gfds

adj.

namasthanik

gfd:yflgs

adj.

named, bearing the name

of
independent from a noun

namdar

gfdbf/

adj.

famous well known

namkaran

gfds/)f

n.

naming ceremony, baptism

namkarma

gfdsd{

n.

naming ceremony, baptism

nam-namasi

gfdgfdf;L

n.

name and address

namnishan

gfdlgzfg

adj.

namyogi

gfdof]uL

n.

name, trace, mark; name

and address
postposition

nanda

gGb

n.

husband's younger sister

nandebhai

gGb]efO

n.

nang

n.

husband's younger sister's

husband
nail

nangge

gf]

adj.

naked, uncovered

nanggo

gff]

adj.

naked, uncovered

nani

gfgL

n.

baby

napunsakling

gk+;sln

n.

neuter [grammar]

nara

gf/f

n.

naram

g/d

adj.

slogan, striking word,

phrase
soft, delicate, kind, gentle

naramro

g/fd|f]

adj.

bad, not good

nardan

gb{g

n.

neck

narendra

g/]Gb|

n.

king

naresh

g/]z

n.

king

nari

gf/L

n.

wrist, pulse

86

narival

gl/jn

n.

coconut

naso

g;f]

n.

vein

naspati

g:kftL

n.

pear

nata

gftf

n.

relationship, alliance

natadar

gftfbf/

n.

relative

nati

gflt

n.

grandson

natija

glthf

n.

result, consequence

natini

gfltgL

n.

granddaughter

natishitosna

gfltzLtf]i)f

adj.

temperate, moderate

nau

g}

num.

nine, 9

naun

gfp

n.

name

naun caleka

gfp rn]sf

adj.

well known, famous

nauni

gf}gL

n.

butter

navaun

gjf}+

adj.

ninth

nayakatva

gfosTj

n.

leadership, hegemony

nayan

gof

adj.

new

nebharo

g]ef/f]

n.

fig

nepalganj

g]kfnuGh

n.

nera

g]/

adj.

neri

g]l/

adj.

neta

g]tf

n.

Nepalganj [a town in the

western Tarai]
near, near by, close by, not
far
near, near by, close by, not
far
leader, guide, chief

netritva

g]t[Tj

n.

leadership, guidance, lead

nevar

g]jf/

n.

Newar [a Nepali nationality]

nibandha

lgaGw

n.

nibhnu

lgEg

v.i.

nibuva

lgajf

n.

article, essay, dissertation,

thesis, bond, fixation
to go out, to be
extinguished
lemon

nico

gLrf]

adj.

nidaunu

lgbfpg

v.i.

nidhan

lgwfg

n./adj.

low, inferior, mean,

worthless
to go to sleep, to become
numb
destruction, death, poor

nidhar

lgwf/

n.

forehead

nidho

lgwf]

n.

confirmation, settlement,
decision, final word,

87

nihsantan

lgM;Gtfg

adj.

resolution
childless, without offspring

nihun

lgx

n.

excuse, pretence, pretext

niji kshetra

lghL If]q

n.

private sector

nikai

lgs}

adj.

much

nikat

lgs^

adj.

nikaya

lgsfo

n.

near, near by, close by, not

far
body, system

niko

lgsf]

adj.

cured, well

nilo

gLnf]

adj.

blue

nimitta

lgldQ

nimnalikhit

lgDglnlvt

nimti

lglDt

n./postp. for, for the sake of, for the

cause of, cause, motive,
account, reason
adj.
undermentioned, following,
mentioned below
postp.
for, for the sake of

ninda

lgGbf

n.

nindan

lgGbg

n.

niptara

lgk^f/f

n.

nipun

lgk)f

adj.

disposal, settlement,
reconciliation, conclusion
dexterous, skilful, clever

nir

gL/

adj.

indigo

nira

lg/

adj.

nirakaran

lg/fs/)f

n.

nirakshar

lg/If/

adj.

near, near by, close by, not

far
abrogation, annulment,
removal
illiterate

nirantar

lg/Gt/

adj.

nirantarta

lg/Gt/tf

n.

continuous, constant,
incessant, ceaseless
continuity, continuation

niraparadh

lg/k/fw

adj.

innocent, faultless, guiltless

nirarthak

lg/y{s

n.

nirdaya

lgb{o

adj.

nirdayata

lgb{otf

n.

nirdesh

lgb]{z

n.

meaningless, vain, useless,

fruitless, insignificant,
worthless, futile
cruel, brutal, merciless,
unkind
cruelty, unkindness,
severity, brutality
instruction, order, indication

88

reflection, condemnation,
slander, calumny,
vilification, censure, blame
vilification

nirdeshak

lgb]{zs

n.

nirdeshan

lgb]{zg

n.

nirman

lgdf{)f

n.

nirmata

lgdf{tf

n.

nirmit

lgld{t

adj.

nirnaya

lg)f{o

n.

nirogi

lg/f]uL

adj.

nirvacan

lgjf{rg

n.

construction, creation,
manufacture, formation,
framing, act of building or
making
maker, producer,
manufacturer, builder,
creator
made, formed, built,
created
decision, resolution,
discernment,
ascertainment,
determination
healthy, in good health, not
ill
election

nis

lg;

n.

gneiss

nisedh bhumi

lgif]w e'ld

n.

forbidden land

nishcal

lgZrn

adj.

nishcaya

lgZro

n.

nishcit

lglZrt

adj.

nishcit
sankhyabodhak
niskantak

lglZrt ;+Vofaf]ws

n.

fixed, still, firm, motionless,

immovable
sure knowledge, resolution,
determination, confidence
sure, unfailing, without
doubt
definitive numeral

lgis)^s

adj.

niskanu

lg:sg

v.i.

thornless, free from

troubles
to come out, to appear

nisto

lg:tf]

adj.

plain, bland

nitamba

lgtDa

n.

hip

niti

gLlt

n.

policy, morality, manners

niun

lgp

n.

pretext, excuse

nivaran

lgjf/)f

n.

nivas

lgjf;

n.

nivasi

lgjf;L

n.

niyam

lgod

n.

prevention, preclusion,
redress, deterrence,
determent
home, residence, abode,
dwelling
inhabitant, resident, inmate,
native
rule, usage, regulation,

89

director (of an institute or

center)
instruction, order, indication

practice
control, restraint

niyantran

lgoGq)f

n.

niyati

lgolt

n.

niyukta

lgoQm

adj.

niyukti

lgolQm

n.

niyutta

lgoQ

adj.

nokar

gf]s/

n.

appointed, engaged,
employed, devoted,
nominated, assigned
servant

nuhaune kotha

gxfpg] sf]&f

n.

bathroom

nuhaunu

gxfpg

v.t.

take a bath

nun

g'g

n.

salt

nunilo

glgnf]

adj.

salty

nyauri

Gofp/L

n.

mongoose

nyaya

Gofo

n.

justice, equity, logic, reason

nyayadhish

GofofwLz

n.

judge, justice

nyayadhish

GofofwLz

n.

judge, justice

nyayalaya

Gofofno

n.

court of justice

nyayapalika

Gofokflnsf

n.

judiciary

nyuntam

Go'gtd

adj.

minimum, minimal

ochyan

cf]%fg

n.

ochyaunu

cf]%\fpg

v.t.

odhan

cf]wfg

n.

odhaunu

cf](fpg

v.t.

bed, bedding,sleeping-mat,
quilt
to spread bedding, to
spread a rug,to spread a
mat
three-legged iron stand for
putting a cooking vessel
over a fire
to cover up sombody else

odhne

cf](g
\ ]

n.

blanket, bedcover, bedroll

odhnu

cf](g
\

v.i./v.t.

ogatnu

cf]u^\g

v.t.

ohar dohar

cf]x/ bf]x/

n.

to cover oneself up; to

wrap, to cover
to occupy, to reserve, to
hinder
the act of coming and going

ohor dohor

cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/

n.

the act of coming and going

ohralnu

cf]x|fNg

v.t.

to cause to descend

oilaunu

cf]Onfpg

v.i.

to wither, to fade

90

fate, luck, fortune, destiny,

predestination
appointed, wmployed,
posted
appointment, employment

oilinu

cf]Olng

v.t.

to be withered

oiranu

cf]O/g

v.i.

to drop, to fall headlong

oiraunu

cf]O/fpg

v.t.

oirini

cf]Ol/g

v.i.

oirinu

cf]Ol/g

v.i.

to cause to drop, to cause

to fall [in large quantity]
to drop, to fall [in large
quantity]
to flow continually

ojhel

cf]]n

adj.

hidden, screened off

okatnu

cf]s^\g

v.t.

okhar

cf]v/

n.

to occupy, to reserve, to
hinder
walnut

okhati

cf]vtL

n.

medicine

orlanu

cf]n{g

v.i.

to comedown, to descend

orlinu

cf]ln{g

v.i.

to comedown, to descend

osarinu

cf];fl/g

v.i.

osarnu

cf];fg{

v.t.

oth

cf]&

n.

to be moved from one

place to another
to move something from
one place to another
lip, lips

pacadi

krfl*

postp.

behind

pacas

krf;

num.

fifty, 50

pacasi

krf;L

num.

eighty-five, 85

pacchim

klR%d

n.

west

paccis

kRrL;

num.

twenty-five, 25

pachadi

k%fl*

postp.

behind, later, in the back

pachattar

krxQ/

num.

seventy-five, 75

pachaute

k%f}^]

adj.

late, hinder, backward

pachi

kl%

postp.

behind, later, in the back

pachi hatnu

kl% x^\g

v.i.

to move back

pachi janu

kl% hfg

v.i.

to follow

pachi sarnu

kl% ;g{

v.i.

to step back, to step down

pachillo

kl%Nnf]

adj.

last, hindermost, back, rear

pachipachi

kl%kl%

adv.

immediately after, next

pacpanna

kRkGg

num.

fifty-five, 55

pad

kb

n.

foot, step, foot-step, word

padadhikari

kbflwsf/L

n.

official, officer, authority

padartha

kbfy{

n.

meaning of a word, matter

91

padarthavacak nam

kbfy{jfrs gfd

n.

objective term

padavi

kbjL

n.

title, designation; post, rank

padhai

k(fO

n.

padhaunu

k(fpg

v.t.

study, method of reading or

teaching
to teach

padhelekheka

k(]n]v]sf

adj.

padhnu

k(\g

v.t.

educated, able to read and

write
to lear, to read, to study

padina

klbgf

n.

mint

pagal

kfun

n.

a mad man

pagalkhana

kfunvfgf

n.

mad-house

pagalnu

kufNg

v.t.

to melt

paglanu

kUng

v.i.

to melt

pahad

kxf*

n.

mountain, hill

pahadi pradesh

kxf*L k|b]z

n.

hilly region

pahenlo

kx]+nf]

adj.

yellow

pahican

klxrfg

n.

pahilo

klxnf]

adj.

recognition, acquaintance,
identity
first

pahiran

klx/g

n.

pahuna

kfxgf

n.

costume, suit, dress,

clothes, garments
visitor, guest

painsatthi

k}+;^\&L

num.

sixty-five, 65

paintalis

k}+tfnL;

num.

forty-five, 45

paintis

k}+tL;

num.

thirty-five, 35

paitalo

k}tfnf]

n.

sole

pajani

khgL

n.

pakaunu

ksfpg

v.t.

arrangement, setting in
order, overhauling [the
annual festival during which
appointments of
government officials were
renewed for the ensuing
year]
to cook

pakeko

kfs]sf]

adj.

ripe, cooked, mature

paket

ks]^

n.

pocket

pakhala

kvfnf

n.

diarrhoea

pakhalnu

kvfNg

v.t.

to rinse

pakheta

kv]^f

n.

wing

92

pakhura

kfv/f

n.

pakka

kSsf

adj.

pakka garnu

kSsf ug{

v.t.

pakku

kSs

n.

meat fried in butter

paknu

kfSg

v.i.

pako

kfsf]

adj.

to be ripe, to ripen, to be
cooked
aged, experienced

pakranu

kqmg

v.t.

pakrau

kqmfp

n.

to catch, to hold, to arrest,

to capture, to seize, to
catch on, to understand
capture, arrest, seizure

paksha

kIf

n.

wing, part, party

palnu

kfNg

v.t.

palpa

kfNkf

n.

paltan

kN^g

n.

to take care of, to raise, to

bring up, to nourish, to
keep, to tame
Palpa [former mini-state,
currently a district of Nepal]
regiment, batallion

palunggo

kfn'f]

n.

spinach

pan

kfg

n.

pana

kfgf

n.

the leaf of the betal nut

eaten with areca nut and
lime
leaf (of a book)

panati

kgftL

n.

great-grandson

panc

kfr

num.

five, 5

panc patra

kfr kq

adj.

fivefold

pancanabbe

kGrfgAa]

num.

ninety-five, 95

pancangga

k~rf

n.

pancaun

kfrf}+

adj.

almanac (of Hindu

astrology)
fifth

pancayat

kGrfot

n.

panchaunu

kG%fpg

v.t.

village assembly to decide

disputes, an assembly of
elected representatives
to evade, to push aside

pandhra

kGw|

num.

fifteen, 15

pani

klg

adv.

also, too, even

pani

kfgL

n.

water, rain

pani ... pani

klg klg

adv.

as well as

pani pareka vela

kfgL k/]sf] j]nf

comp.

when it rains

93

arm
1. certain, sure, true; durable,
strong; careful
to confirm to make sure

pani parnu

kfgL kg{

v.t.

to rain

paniun

klgp

n.

panjaa

kGhf

n.

panjika

kl~hsf

n.

a flat spoon used for ladling

out rice
a combination of five
fingers, gloves, covering of
the hands
register, list, calender

pankha

k+vf

n.

wing, feather; fan

pantha

kGy

n.

path, sect, religious order

panthi

kGyL

n.

traveller, sectarian

pap

kfk

n.

sin

papi

kfkL

adj.

sinful, profligate, criminal

par

kf/

n.

para

k/

adv.

paraghaun

k/f#f}+

adv.

end, other side, limit,

accomplishment,
renunciation, release, relief,
deliverance, liberation
aside, separate, beyond,
further
after two years

parajaya

k/fho

n.

defeat

parajit

k/flht

adj.

parajit

k/flht

adj.

defeated, vanquished,
overthrown
defeated, overthrown

parakram

k/fqmd

n.

parakrami

k/fqmdL

adj.

param

k/d

adj.

paramdham

k/dwfd

n.

paramgati

k/dult

n.

power, strength, valour,

prowess
heroic, gallant, valiant,
brave
best, supreme, uttermost,
extreme
heaven, paradise, the next
world; death, demise
liberation, salvation

parampad

k/dkb

n.

liberation, salvation

parampara

k/Dk/f

n.

paramparagat

k/Dk/fut

adj.

sequence, succession,
order
tradional

paramparik

kf/Dkfl/s

adj.

traditional, hereditary

parampita

k/dlktf

n.

the creator of all, God

parantu

k/Gt

n./adv.

parapacuke

kf/kfrs]

n.

but, inspite, however, still,

the remaining life, end
divorce, dissolution of
marriage

94

parar

k/f/

adv.

two years ago

pararastra

k//fi^

n.

pararastra mantralaya k//fi^ dGqfno

pararastra mantri
k//fi^ dGqL
pararastriya
k//fi^Lo

n.

foreign county, another

country
foreign ministry

n.

foreign minister

adj.

paraspar

k/:k/

adj.

parca

krf{

n.

foreign, alien, related to

another nation
mutually, reciprocal, one
another
leaflet, settlement record

parda

kbf{

n.

pardabhitrai

kbf{leq}

comp.

curtain, screen, veil,

partition
secretly

pardesh

k/b]z

adv.

abroad

pardesh lagnu

k/b]z nfUg

parela

k/]nf

n.

eyelash

pareva

k/]jf

n.

pigeon, young dove

pari

kfl/

n.

pari

kf/L

n.

paribhasa

kl/efiff

n.

the other side [of the shore

or boundary]
the other side [of the shore
or boundary]
definition, terminology

paricalan

kl/rfng

n.

mobilization

paricaya

kl/ro

n.

paricched

kl/R%]b

n.

pariksha

k/LIff

n.

acquaintance, intimacy,
familiarity
part, division, section of a
book, chapter, paragraph
examination, investigation

parikshan

k/LIf)f

n.

examination, investigation

parimanbodhak

kl/df)faf]ws

adj.

quantitative [grammar]

parinam

kl/)ffd

n.

result, consequence

parinamsvarup

kl/)ffd:jk

conj.

parinati

kl/)flt

n.

paripati

kl/kf^L

n.

paripurti

kl/klt{

n.

as a result of, with the

result of, consequently
transformation, culmination,
form
tradition, method, mode,
arrangement, order
perfection, completion

parisad

kl/ifb

n.

parishist

kl/lzi^

n.

to go abroad

95

assembly, council, senate,

committee
appendix, supplement

parishrami

kl/>dL

adj.

paristhiti

kl/l:ylt

n.

parit

kfl/t

adj.

parityag

kl/Tofu

n.

laborious, industrious,
painstaking, hardworking,
diligent
circumstances, situation,
condition, surrounding,
environment
resolved, decided,
concluded, passed (of a
motion, bill, etc.)
abandonment, abdication

parivar

kl/jf/

n.

family

parivartan

kl/jt{g

n.

change, exchange

pariyojana

kl/of]hgf

n.

project

parkhal

kvf{n

n.

wall

parkhanu

kv{g

v.t.

to wait, to have patience

parkhinu

klv{g

v.t.

to wait, to have patience

parnu

kg{

v.i.

parnu

kfg{

v.t.

paro

kf/f]

n.

to happen, to occur, to fall,

to ignite
to put in, to lay, to ignite, to
cause, to make
mercury

parsi

kl;{

adv.

the day after tomorrow

parti

kf^L{

n.

party

parti kendriya kamiti

kf^L{ s]Gb|Lo sldlt

n.

parva

kj{

n.

parvat

kj{t

n.

central committee of a
party
festival, holiday, fte,
chapter, section, portion,
canto
hill, mountain, rock

paryanta

ko{Gt

postp.

till, until, unto, up to

paryatak

ko{^s

n.

traveller, wanderer, tourist

paryatakharuko svarg

ko{^ssf] :ju{

n.

tourist paradise

paryatan

ko{^g

n.

touring, tourism

pasal

k;n

n.

shop, warehouse, booth

pasale

k;n]

n.

pashcim

klZrd

n.

shopkeeper, merchant,
vendor
west

pashupalan

kzkfng

n.

animal husbandry

pashupati

kzklt

n.

Pashupati

pasina

k;Lgf

n.

sweat

96

paskanu

k:sg

v.t.

to serve [food]

pasnu

k:g

v.t.

pata

kf^

n.

patak

k^s

n.

to enter, to go in, to come

in
jute, hessian, silk, silk
threat
times, occasion

patalo

kf^nf]

adj.

thin

patan

k^g

n.

packing, package

patan

ktg

n.

fall, downfall, degradation

patan

kf^g

n.

patani

k^gL

n.

Lalitpur, Patan [a
neighbouring town of
Kathmandu]
irrigation

path

kf^

n.

lesson, reading, recital

path

ky

n.

path, course

pathaunu

k&fpg

v.t.

to send, to despatch

pathi

kf&L

n.

lamb [female]

patho

kf&f]

n.

lamb [male]

pathshala

kf&zfnf

n.

school, seminary

pathshalaya

kf&zfnfof

n.

pati

klt

n.

school, college, academy,

seminary
husband

patit

kltt

adj.

fallen, degraded, outcaste

patni

kTgL

n.

patra

kq

n.

wife, better half, married

woman
page

patrakar

kqsf/

n.

journalist

patre cattan

kq] rfg

n.

sedimentary rock

patrika

klqsf

n.

magazine, journal

patta

kQf

n.

leaf, foliage, address

patthar

kTy/

n.

stone

patti

kL

n.

bandage

patti

kl

n.

side

pattyaunu

k\ofpg

v.t.

to plait, to fold

pau

kfp

n.

a quarter

paune

kf}g]

adj.

a quarter to

paunu

kfpg

v.t.

to get, to obtain, to receive,

to bear, to beget, to

97

pauranik

kf}/flgs

adj.

produce
legendary

pauranu

kf}/g

v.i.

swim

pauri

kf}/L

n.

swimming

pauri khelnu

kf}/L v]Ng

v.t.

swim

pauroti

kfp/f]^L

n.

bread

paus

kf}if

n.

paustik

kf}li^s

n.

ninth month of the Nepali

year (December/January)
nutrition

pesh

k]z

postp.

in front of, before

pesha

k]zf

n.

occupation

pesta

k]:tf

n.

pestachio nut

pet

k]^

n.

stomach

peti

k]^L

n.

phagun

kmfug

n.

phaida

kmfO{bf

n.

belt, casket, small box,

small chest, girdle
eleventh month of the
Nepali year
(February/March)
advantage

phailanu

km}ng

v.i.

to spread, to be scattered

phailanu

km}ng

v.i.

to spread, to be scattered

phailinu

km}lng

v.i.

to spread, to be scattered

phaisala

km};nf

n.

phalam

kmnfd

n.

decision, judgement,
settlement, adjudication
iron

phalgun

kmNu)f

n.

phalnu

kmfNg

v.t.

phalnu

kmNg

v.i.

phalphul

kmnkm'n

n.

to bear fruits; to cleanse, to

husk
fruits and flowers

phalphul kheti

kmnkm'n v]tL

n.

horticulture

phalsvarup

kmn:jk

postp.

as a result of

phansi

kmf;L

n.

phapar

kmfk/

n.

execution by hanging,
noose
buckwheat

pharak

km/s

n.

pharakilo

km/flsnf]

adj.
98

eleventh month of the

Nepali year
(February/March)
to throw away

difference, separation,
being apart
spacious, roomy, extensive

pharar

km/f/

n.

absconding, fled

pharkanu

kms{g

v.i.

to return, to come back

pharsi

km;L{

n.

large yellow pumpkin

phastaunu

km:^fpg

v.t.

to develop, to become fat

phatyangro

km^ff]

n.

cricket, grasshopper

pherabadal

km]/abn

n.

change, modification

pheri

km]l/

adv.

phesan

km];g

n.

again, once more, once

again
facion

phijinu

lkmlhg

v.i.

to spread

phikri garnu

lkmqmL ug{

v.t.

to be worried

phila

lkmnf

n.

thigh

philipins

lkmlnlkG;

n.

Philippinen

phohor

kmf]xf]/

adj.

dirty, foul, filthy, obscene

phokso

kmf]S;f]

n.

lungs

phranseli

k|mfG;]nL

adj.

French

phul

km'n

n.

flower

phul

kmn

n.

egg

phulbari

km'naf/L

n.

flower garden

phuleko kesh

kmn]sf] s]z

phulkopi

km'nsf]kL

n.

cauliflower

phupaju

kmkfh

n.

father's sister's husband

phupu

kmk'

n.

father's sister

phurtilo

kmlt{nf]

adj.

smart

phusro

km;|f]

adj.

grey, grizzled

phutbal khelnu

km^an v]Ng

v.t.

to play football

phyanknu

km\ofSg

v.t.

to throw away

phyauro

km\ofp/f]

n.

fox

pidit

kLl*t

adj.

pindalu

lk+*fn

n.

afflicted, tortured,
distressed, oppressed
a kind of root

pindulo

lk+*nf]

n.

calf of the leg

ping

kL

n.

swing

pir

kL/

n.

worry, anxiety, distress,

mental trouble, punishment

grey hair

99

pira

lk/f

n.

floor seat [of straw or wood]

piralnu

lk/Ng

v.i./v.t.

piro

lk/f]

adj.

to torment, to afflict, to
distress, to tease
hot [in taste]

pirolnu

lk/f]Ng

v.t.

pita

lktf

n.

to torment, to afflict, to
distress, to tease
father [Sanskritized]

pithiun

lkl&p

n.

back

pitho

kL&f]

n.

flour, powder

pitho

kL&f]

n.

flour

pittal

lkQn

n.

brass

pohor

kf]xf]/

adv.

last year

poi

kf]O

n.

husband [rural]

poila

kf]On

n.

poila janu

kf]On hfg

comp.

running away with a man

without formal marriage
run away with a man

pokhari

kf]v/L

n.

pond, lake, reservoir

poleko masu

kf]n]sf] df;

n.

barbecued meat

pothi mujur

kf]yL dh/

n.

peahen

potnu

kf]Tg

v.t.

poto

kf]tf]

n.

smear with red clay, paint

the floor wall, whitewash
a smearing rag

prabandhak

k|aGws

n.

prabhat

k|eft

n.

prabhav

k|efj

n.

prabhavashali

k|efjzfnL

adj.

pracalan

k|rng

n.

pracalit

k|rlnt

adj.

pracar

k|rf/

n.

pracarit

k|rfl/t

adj.

100

manager, writer of an
essay
daybreak, dawn
influence, effect, power,
strength, authority,
dominance
powerful, strong, radiant
prevalence, custom, usage,
currency, movement
prevalent, current,
customary, in practice, , in
vogue, recognised
publicity, publication,
usage, advertisement,
announcement
propagated, publicised,
circulated, made current,
made prevalent, given
currency

pracin

k|frLg

adj.

ancient, old, antique, aged

pracinta

k|frLgtf

n.

antiquity, ancientness

pradesh

k|b]z

n.

pradeshik

kf|b]lzs

adj.

province, region, realm,

country, territory, state
regional

pradhanmantri

k|wfgdGqL

n.

Prime Minister

pradhannyayadhish

k|wfgGofofwLz

n.

Chief Justice

pradhyapak

k|fWofks

n.

pradurbhav

k|fb"ef{j

n.

pradusan

kb"if)f

n.

college teacher, lecturer,

professor
appearance, manifestation;
serious or terrible outbreak;
birth, prevalence
pollution

pragati

k|ult

n.

progress, advancement

pragatishil

k|ultzLn

adj.

progressive, modern

prahari

k|x/L

n.

police

praja

k|hf

n.

prajatantra

k|hftGq

n.

subject, tenant, people,

progeny
democracy

prajatantrik

k|hftflGqs

adj.

democratic

prakar

k|sf/

n.

kind, way, sort

prakash

k|sfz

n.

prakashak

k|sfzs

n.

light, manifestation,
publication
publisher

prakashan

k|sfzg

n.

publication, publishing

prakashit

k|sflzt

adj.

published

prakashkiya

k|sfzsLo

adj.

related to the publisher

prakhyat

k|Voft

adj.

prakriti

k|fs[lt

n.

renowned, famous,
celebrated, noted
nature, talent

prakritik

k|fs[lts

adj.

natural, physical, material

prakritik gyas

k|fs[lts Uof;

n.

natural gas

prakritik vanaspati

k|fs[lts jg:klt

n.

natural vegetation

prakriya

k|lqmof

n.

praman

k|df)f

n.

pramanik

k|dfl)fs

adj.

pramanik

k|fdfl)fs

adj.

process, procedure,
manner, method, technique
proof, testimony, evidence,
attestation, ascertainment
factual, true, genuine,
authoritative
factual, true, genuine,

101

authoritative
pramanit

k|dfl)ft

adj.

certified

pramanpatra

k|df)fkq

n.

pramukh

k|dv

n.

certificate, testimonial,
permit
principal, chief, head

pranali

k|)ffnL

n.

method, mode, way

pranta

k|fGt

n.

prapta

k|fKt

adj.

prapti

k|flKt

n.

prarambha

k|f/De

n.

prarthana

k|fy{gf

n.

border, end, extremity,

province
obtained, received,
acquired
receipt, procuration,
acquisition, income, profit
beginning, commencement,
inception, initiation, starting
point
prayer, petition, request

prarthana garnu

k|fy{gf ug{

v.t.

tp pray, to request

prasanga

k|;

n.

prasar

k|;f/

n.

prashangsa

k|z+;f

n.

prashasan

k|zf;g

n.

relation, connection,
association, discussion,
narration, context
width, expansion, extent,
spreading, spread, diffusion
praise, appreciation,
applause, laudation, eulogy
administration

prashasta

k|z:t

adj.

prashna

k|Zg

n.

abundant, sufficient,
enough
question

prashnarthak
sarvanam
prashnavali

k|Zgfy{s ;j{gfd

n.

interrogative pronoun

k|ZgfjnL

n.

questionnaire

prasiddha

k|l;$

adj.

prastav

k|:tfj

n.

prastavana

k|:tfjgf

n.

prastut

k|:tt

adj.

famous, renowned,
glorious, illustrious,
celebrated
proposal, suggestion;
preface, foreword,
preamble
introduction, prologue,
preface, foreword
presented, submitted

pratam purusvacak

k|td k?ifjfrs

n.

first person [grammar]

pratha

k|yf

n.

usage, practice, custom,

rule, fashion, method,

102

pratham

k|yd

adj.

system
first, best, primitive

pratham purus

k|yd k?if

n.

first person [ling.]

prathamikta

k|fyldstf

n.

priority, precedence

prati

k|lt

postp.

pratibaddha

k|lta$

adj.

pratibaddhata

k|lta$tf

n.

towards, near to, against, in

opposition to
restricted, banned,
conditioned, committed
commitment

pratibandhit

k|ltalGwt

adj.

pratibha

k|ltef

n.

pratibimba

k|ltlaDa

n.

restricted, banned,
conditioned
genius, intellect, wit,
intelligence, brilliance
reflection, image, shadow

pratibimbit

k|ltlalDat

adj.

reflected

pratigama

k|ltufdf

adj.

retrogressive

pratik

k|tLs

n.

symbol, fetish

pratikar

k|ltsf/

n.

retaliation, revenge

pratikatmak

k|tLsfTds

adj.

symbolic, allegorical

pratikriya

k|ltlqmof

n.

reaction

pratiksha

k|tLIff

n.

expectation

pratinidhi

k|ltlglw

n.

representative, substitute

pratinidhitva

k|ltlglwTj

n.

pratipaksha

k|ltkIf

n.

pratipakshi

k|ltkIfL

n.

pratishat

k|ltzft

n.

representation, deputation,
delegacy
opposition, rival side,
hostile camp, contesting
party
opponent, rival, contestant,
contralateral
percent percentage

pratishodh

k|ltzf]w

n.

pratisparddha

k|lt:k${

n.

revenge, vengeance,
retaliation, vendetta, blood
feud
rivalry, contest, competition

prativedan

k|ltj]bg

n.

report, representation

pratiyogita

k|ltof]lutf

n.

rivalry, competition, hostility

pratyek

k|To]s

adj.

every, everyone

pravacan

k|jrg

n.

pravesh

k|j]z

n.

commentary, elucidation,
explanation
entry, admission, access,

103

pravidhi

k|ljlw

n.

entrance
technique

pravidhigya

k|ljlw!

n.

technician

pravriti

k|j[lt

n.

trend

pravritti

k|j[lQ

n.

prayah

k|foM

adv.

prayas

k|of;

n.

inclination of mind,
tendency
almost, nearly, often,
generally
effort, attempt, endeavour

prayatna

k|oTg

n.

effort, attempt, endeavour

prayog

k|oF]u

n.

pret

k|]t

n.

pristhabhumi

k[i&e'ld

n.

use, application, action,

effort, usage, example,
performance
dead, deceased, spirit of
the dead, evil spirit, ghost;
a very greedy person
basis

prithvi

k[YjL

n.

earth

priya

lk|o

adj.

dear, lovely, beloved

pucchar

kR%/

n.

tail

pugnu

kUg

v.i.

puja garnu

k'hf ug{

v.t.

to arrive at, to reach, to be

fulfilled, to be sufficient
to worship, to adore

puja kotha

k'hf sf]&f

n.

punargathan

kgu{&g

n.

punarjivit

kghL{ljt

adj.

punarnirman

kglg{df{)f

revived, risen from the

dead
reconstruction

punarvalikan

kg/jnLsg

n.

revision, retrospect, review

punarvas

kgjf{;

n.

rehabilitation

puniun

klgp

n.

punling

k+ln

n.

a flat spoon used for ladling

out rice
male [grammar]

pura

k'/f

adj.

purano

k/fgf]

adj.

purashcaran

k/Zr/)f

n.

purashcarya

k/Zrof{

n.

104

prayer room, worshipping

room
reorganization, recasting

full, complete, entire, gross,

whole
old, ancient
repeating the name of a
deity
repeating the name of a
deity

puratatva

k/ftTj

n.

archaeology

puri

k/L

n.

bread cooked in butter

purkha

kv{f

n.

ancestor, forefather

purna

k')f{

adj.

purnatah

k')f{tM

adv.

purnataya

k')f{tof

adj.

purnima

k'l)f{df

n.

perfect, full, complete,

whole, accomplished,
sufficient, detailed
completely, fully, perfectly,
totally
completely, totally, fully,
entirely
full moon day

purohit

k/f]lxt

n.

family priest

purusartha

k?iffy{

n.

purusvacak sarvanam k?ijfrs ;j{gfd

purvadhar
k'jf{wf/

n.

manly achievement,
energy, vigour, valour
personal pronoun

n.

infrastructure

purvagraha

k'jf{u|x

n.

prejudice

purvak

k'j{s

suff.

together, with

purvi

k'jL{

adj.

eastern, eastern quarter

purviya

k'jL{of

adj.

eastern

purviya

k'jL{o

adj.

eastern

puryaunu

kof{pg

v.t.

pus

k;

n.

pusta

k:tf

n.

to exort, to lead, to fulfil a

wish
ninth month of the Nepali
year (December/January)
generation, succession

pustakalaya

k:tsfno

n.

library

pusti

kli&

n.

nourishment, nutrition

putali

ktnL

n.

butterfly

pval

Kjfn

n.

hole, opening

pyaj

Kofh

n.

onion

pyaro

Kof/f]

adj.

pyau

Kofp

n.

loving, dear, beloved,

lovely, pleasant
mushroom

racak

/rs

n.

author, writer, maker

racana

/rgf

n.

racanatmak

/rgfTds

adj.

composition, production,
creation, formation
creative, constructive

racayita

/rlotf

n.

composer, writer, author,

105

racit

/lrt

adj.

radhi

/f(L

n.

maker
composed, made, formed,
manufactured, compiled,
constructed, built, invented,
fabricated
coarse wollen rug

ragat

/ut

n.

blood

ragat aunu

/ut cfpg

rahanu

/xg

v.i.

rahar

/x/

n.

to remain, to dwell, to
inhabit
a kind of lentils

rahasyamaya

/x:odo

adj.

mysterious, secret, hidden

rahasyamaya
dhangabata
rahat

/x:odo (af&

adv.

in a mysterious way

/fxt

n.

comfort, relief

rai

/fO{

n.

Rai [a Nepali nationality]

raithane

/}yfg]

n.

local inhabitant, aboriginee

raiti

/}tL

n.

tenant, leaseholder, farmer

raja

/fhf

n.

king, ruler, sovereign

rajaharuma

/fhfxdf

comp.

among kings

rajasva

/fh:j

n.

revenue, royalty

rajdarbar

/fhb/af/

n.

the king's palace

rajdhani

/fhwfgL

n.

capital

rajdut

/fhb't

n.

ambassador

rajdutavas

/fhb'tfjf;

n.

embassy

rajhans

/hxf;

n.

swan

rajhans

/fhxf;

n.

swan

raji

/fhL

adj.

rajikhushi

/fhLvzL

n.

rajinama

/fhLgfdf

n.

willing, pleased, desirous,

content, complacent
willingness, acceptance
with much pleasure
agreement, compromise

rajkaj

/fhsfh

n.

rajkaji

/fhsfhL

adj.

rajkanya

/fhsGof

n.

rajkarya

/fhsfo{

n.

rajkumar

/fhsdf/

n.

to bleed

106

government work,
administration
relating to government,
relating to administration
princess
public affair, affairs of state,
governance
prince

rajkumari

/fhsdf/L

n.

princess

rajnaitik

/fhg}lts

adj.

political

rajnaitik gatividhi

/fhg}lts ultljlw

rajniti

/fhgLlt

n.

politics, political science

rajnitigya

/fhgLlt!

n.

politician

rajnitik

/fhgLlts

adj.

political

rajnitik labh

/fhgLlts nfe

n.

political importance

rajparisad

/fhkl/ifb

n.

council of state

rajprasad

/fhk|;fb

n.

palace

rajtantra

/fhtGq

n.

rajvanshi

/fhj+zL

n.

rajya

/fHo

n.

monarchy, monarchical
system of government
Rajvanshi [a Nepali
nationality]
kingdom, state, territory

rajyadhikar

/fHolwsf/

n.

rajyavati

/fHojtL

n.

rakhnu

/fVg

v.t.

power of the state, jura

regia
Rajyavati [mother of
Licchavi king Manadeva I]
to keep, to protect, to hold

raksha

/Iff

n.

defence, protection, guard

raksi

/S;L

n.

alcoholic drink

raktapatpurna

/Stkftk")f{

adj.

bloody

rakumari

/fhsdf/L

n.

princess

ramailo

/dfOnf]

adj.

pleasant

ramaunu

/dfpg

v.i.

ramnu

/Dg

v.i.

ramro

/fd|f]

adj.

to be pleased, to feel
happy, to feel delighted, to
be glad
to be pleased, to feel
happy, to feel delighted, to
be glad
good, beautiful

rang

n.

colour

rangamanc

/d~r

n.

stage

rangaunu

/+ufpg

v.t.

rangicangi

/+uLr+uL

adj.

to colour, to paint, to dye,

to tint
multi-coloured

rangin

/+uLg

adj.

coloured

rango

/fuf]

n.

water buffalo [male]

political movement

107

rani

/fgL

n.

queen

ranniti

/)fgLlt

n.

strategy

rap

/fk

n.

ras

/;

n.

heat of the sun, heat of the

fire
juice, broth

rasiya

/;Lof

n.

Russia

rastra

/fi^

n.

nation

rastrabhasa

/fi^efiff

n.

rastranayak

/fi^gfos

n.

national language,
language of the nation
head of state

rastravad

/fi^jfb

n.

nationalism

rastravadi

/fi^jfbL

n./adj.

a nationalist, nationalistic

rastriya

/fli^o

adj.

national

rastriya jagaran

/fli^o hfu/)f

national awakening

rastriya rastra

/fli^o /fi^

nation-state

rastriyata

/fli^otf

n.

nationality, nationalism

rat

/t

postp.

rat

/ft

n.

engaged in, employed in,

devoted to, absorbed in,
addicted to
night

rat parcha

/ft k%{

rati

/flt

adv.

at night

rato

/ftf]

adj.

red

rato mato

/ftf] df^f]

n.

red clay to paint the wall

raun

/f}+

n.

hair of the body

ravivar

/ljjf/

n.

Sunday

rayako sag

/fofsf] ;fu

n.

mustard greens [large]

rel

/]n

n.

rail

rica

Crf

n.

verse, hymn

rihai

l/xfO{

n.

rijha

l/

n.

rina

C)f

n.

release, acquittal,
deliverance, discharge,
setting free
gladness, happiness,
contentment
debt, loan, due, obligation

rini

C)fL

n./adj.

debtor, indebted

ris

l/;

n.

anger, wrath, irritation

risaeko

l/;fPsf]

adj.

angry

it's getting dark

108

risaunu

l/;fpg

v.i.

to be angry, to get irritated

risi

Clif

n.

sage, saint, wise ascetic

riti-thiti

/Lltlylt

n.

social customs

rittinu

l/lQg

v.i.

to be emptied

ritto

l/Qf]

adj.

empty, hollow

ritu

Ct

n.

season of the year

rodh

/f]w

n.

rog

/f]u

n.

rogi

/f]uL

n.

onbstruction, obstacle,
hindrance
sickness, disease, illness,
ailment
sick person

rojgar

/f]huf/

n.

rok

/f]s

n.

rokinu

/f]lsg

v.i.

roknu

/f]Sg

v.t.

roti

/f]^L

n.

ruci

lr

n.

business, trade,
employment, profession,
occupation
prohibition, restriction,
interdict
to be stopped, to be
hindered
to prohibit, to obstruct, to
hinder, to prevent, to stop
bread [made of flour and
water without yeast]
interest, liking, taste

rugha

?#f

n.

cold, catarrh, chill

rugna

?U)f

adj.

runa man lagnu

?g dg nfUg

ill, sick, unwell, indisposed,

motbid, diseased
to feel like to wep

runu

?g

v.i.

to weep, to cry

rup

n.

rupantar

kfGt/

n.

rupi

kL

postp.

rupiyan

?lkof

n.

countenance, look, form,

shape, aspect, beauty,
guise, semblance,
appearance
transformation, transition,
change of form,
metamorphosis, translation,
conversion
having the form of, having
the shape of
Rupee

ruvanda

?jf)*f

n.

Ruanda

ruvaunu

?jfpg

v.i.

to cause to weep

saba

;a

adj.

all, everything

109

sabai bhanda

;a} eGbf

sabaijaso

;a}h;f]

pron.

almost all

saber

;a]/

adj.

early

saberai

;a]/}

adv.

early

sabha

;ef

n.

sabhapati

;efklt

n.

sabhyata

;Eotf

n.

sabik

;flas

adj.

assembly, meeting,
gathering
chairman [of a meeting,
organization or party]
civilization, civility,
politeness, courtesy, good
manner
former, previous

sabun

;fag

n.

soap

sabunko gaj

;fagsf] ufh

n.

soap foam

sabunko phinja

;fagsf] lkm+h

n.

soap foam

sabut

;a't

n.

sacetak

;r]ts

n.

proof, evidence, testimony,

demonstration
whip

saciv

;rLj

n.

sacivalaya

;lrjfno

n.

secretary, advisor,
companion
secretariat

sadak

;*s

n.

road [metalled]

sadan

;bg

n.

sadar

;b/

n.

sadar upatyaka

;b/ pkTosf

n.

residence, house,
assembly hall
acceptance, approval,
sanction
central valley

sadashya

;bZo

n.

member

sadashyaharuprati
daman-niti
sadasya

;bZoxk|lt bdggLlt

n.

;b:o

n.

politics of oppression
towards members
member

sadasyata

;b:otf

n.

membership

sadbhavana

;b\efjgf

n.

friendship

sadhain

;w}+

adv.

always

sadhan

;fwg

n.

sadhana

;fwgf

n.

material, resource,
medium, means,
equipment
devotes labour or striving,
object of devotion;
controlling spirit or ghost by
reciting sacred verses;

of all

110

sadharan

;fwf/)f

adj.

penance, propitiation
common, simple, general

sadharan sabha

;fwf/)f ;ef

n.

general assembly

sadhe

;f(]

adj.

half past

sadiccha

;lbR%f

n.

good wishes, good will

sadupayog

;bkof]u

n.

utilization

sadyantra

if*\oGq

n.

conspiracy, plot, intrigue

sagapat

;fukft

n.

(leafy) vegetables

sagar

;fu/

n.

ocean, sea

sagar

;u/

n.

sky, heaven

sagarkhand

;u/vG*

n.

sweet potato

sagarmatha

;u/dfyf

n.

sagaunu

;ufpg

v.t.

Sagarmatha,
Chomolungma, Mount
Everest
to help, to assist, to aid

saghaunu

;#fpg

v.t.

to help, to assist, to aid

saglo

;Unf]

adj.

whole, complete, undivided

sagsabji

;fu;AjL

n.

vegetables

sahabhagi

;xefuL

n.

partner, accomplice

sahabhagita

;xeflutf

n.

participation

sahalekhak

;xn]vs

n.

co-author

sahamat

;xdt

n./adv.

sahamati

;xdlt

n.

sahan

;xg

n.

sahanu

;xg

v.t.

sahara

;xf/f

n.

agreement, of one and the

same mind or opinion
agreement, concurrence,
content
endurance, enduring,
bearing
to forbear, to endure, to
brook, to sustain, to
withstand
help, assistance, support

sahasrabdi

;x;|fAbL

n.

millennium

sahaya

;xfo

n.

help, assistance, support

sahayak

;xfos

n.

assistant, helper, colleague

sahayak nadi

;xfos gbL

n.

tributary (river)

sahayata

;xfotf

n.

help, assistance, support

sahayog

;xof]u

n.

cooperation

sahayog samiti

;xof]u ;ldlt

n.

cooperative society

111

sahayogi

;xof]uL

n.

sahinlo

;flx+nf]

n.

colleague, supporter,
assistant, friend
third eldest [of brothers]

sahitya

;flxTo

n.

literature

sahityakar

;flxTosf/

n.

writer, author

sahityashastra

;flxTozf:q

n.

poetics, rhetoric, literature

sahityik

;flxlTos

adj.

literary

sahu

;fx

n.

sahu

;fx'

n.

sahuni

;fxgL

n.

merchant, trader, moneylender, banker

shopkeeper, merchant,
trader, businessman,
moneylender
shopkeeper (female)

saiddhantik

;}$flGts

adj.

sainik

;}lgs

adj.

according top principle,

theoretical
military

sainik viman

;}lgs ljdfg

n.

military plane

saintis

;}+tL;

num.

thirty-seven, 37

saja

;hf

n.

sajaya

;hfo

n.

sajha

;ff

n.

punishment, confinement,
penalty
punishment, confinement,
penalty
cooperative, joint enterprise

sajilo

;lhnf]

adj.

easy, simple

sakali

;snL

adj.

sakbhar

;se/

adv.

original, true, pure, good,

genuine
as much as possible

sakesamma cando

;s];Dd rf*f]

comp.

saknu

;Sg

v.t.

saksham

;Ifd

adj.

as fast as possible, as soon

as possible
to be able; to finish, to
complete
capable, competent

sakshar

;fIf/

adj.

literate

saksharta

;fIf/tf

n.

literacy

sal

;fn

n.

year [of vikram samvat]

salabalaunu

;nanfpg

v.i.

to move restlessly

salah

;nx

n.

locust

salai

;nfO{

n.

matches

salaiko batta

;nfO{ af

n.

match-box

salakhala

;fnfvfnf

adj.

on the average

112

salana

;fnfgf

adj.

annually, every year, yearly

sali

;fnL

n.

wife's younger sister

salig

;flnu

n.

statue, effigy, idol, image

salik

;flns

n.

statue, effigy, idol, image

salinda

;flnGbf

adj.

annually, every year

sallaha

;Nnfx

n.

sallahakar

;Nnfxsf/

consultation, advice,
counsel, conference,
deliberation
advisor, consultant

salo

;fnf]

n.

wif's younger brother

samacar

;dfrf/

n.

news, information

samadhan

;dfwfg

n.

samagra

;du|

adj.

solving the problem,

cracking the nuts, removel
of doubts
whole, all, entire, complete

samaj

;dfh

n.

society

samaj shastra

;dfh zf:q

n.

sociology

samajik

;fdflhs

adj.

social

samajvad

;fdfHjfb

n.

socialism

samajvadi

;fdfHjfbL

n./adj.

socialist

samajvadi rajya

;fdfHjfbL /fHo

n.

socialist state

samaksha

;dIf

postp.

before, in front of,

samalocana

;dfnf]rgf

n.

review

saman

;fdfg

n.

saman

;dfg

adj.

samanta

;dfgtf

n.

samanti

;fdGtL

adj.

things, materials,
apparatus, tools,
belongings, appliances
similar, equal, alike,
uniform, equivalent,
identical, tantamount
equality, equivalence,
parity, similarity, likeness
feudal, feudatory

samanvaya

;dGjo

n.

samanya

;fdfGo

adj.

samanya ling

;fdfGo ln

n.

combination, union,
uniformity, harmony,
natural succession
ordinary, general, common,
usual, trivial, insignificant
double gender

samanya nam

;fdfGo gfd

n.

generic term

113

samapta

;dfKt

adj.

samarpan

;dk{)f

n.

samartha

;dy{

adj.

samarthak

;dy{s

n./adj.

samarthan

;dy{g

n.

samarthata

;dy{tf

n.

finished, completed,
accomplished
offering, dedication,
surrender, deliverynce,
disposal, assignment
mighty, powerful, strong,
able
supporter, vindicator;
supporting
support, ratification,
corroboration
capability, competence

samasta

;d:t

adj.

whole, entire, all

samasti

;dli^

n.

samastigat

;dli^ut

adv.

collectiveness, totality,
aggregate
collectively

samasya

;d:o

n.

problem, dilemma

samasyagrasta

;d:ofu|:t

adj.

problematic

samata

;dtf

n.

samatal

;dtn

adj.

samay

;do

n.

sambal

;Dan

n.

equalness, similarity,
evenness
plain, level, smooth, even,
flat; moderate
time, period, season,
opportunity, leisure,
occasion
support

sambandha

;DaGw

n.

sambandhi

;DaGwL

suff.

relation, relationship,
connection, association,
affinity
related with, pertaining to

sambandhi sarvanam

;DaGwL ;j{gfd

n.

relative pronoun

sambhavana

;Defjgf

n.

possibility, probability

sambhavatah

;DejtM

adv.

possible, in all probability

sambhranta

;De|fGt

adj.

sambodhan

;Daf]wg

n.

samcar

;Drf/

n.

perplexed, confused,
bewildered
address, calling aloud;
vocative case
news, information

samdhi

;DwL

n.

samdhini

;lDwgL

n.

samet

;d]t

postp.
114

son's father-in-law,
daughter's father-in-law
son's mother-in-law,
daughter's mother-in-law
with, together with,

saminya

;fdLGo

adj.

including, included
simple, common

samiti

;ldlt

n.

committee

samjhana

;Dgf

n.

samma

;Dd

postp.

remembrance,
reminiscence, memory
upto, as far as

sammat

;Ddt

adv.

sammati

;Ddlt

n.

sammelan

;Dd]ng

n.

sammilit

;DdLlnt

adj.

sammyaunu

;DDofpg

v.t.

with eyes shut, with eyes

closed, covered
to level, to make plain

sampadak

;Dkfbs

n.

editor

sampadakiya

;DkfbsLo

adj.

editorial

sampadakiya sahayak ;DkfbsLo ;xfos

sampadakiya vibhag
;DkfbsLo ljefu
sampanna
;DkGg

n.

assistant editor

n.

editorial department

adj.

samparka

;Dks{

n.

sampradaya

;Dk|bfo

n.

sampurna

;Dk')f{

adj.

samrat

;d|f^\

n.

samriddha

;d[$

adj.

rich, well-off, prosperous,

wealthy, well-to-do
company, association,
union
sect, religious society,
mode, tradition, usage,
custom
complete, whole, entire, all,
total, perfect, finished
emperor, sovereign, king of
the kings
important

samu

;fd

postp.

samuccaya

;dRro

n.

samudaya

;dbfo

n.

samudayavacak nam

;dfojfrs gfd

n.

samudayik

;fdbflos

adj.

samudra

;db|

n.
115

unanimous, agreeing,
agreed to, approved,
sanctioned, permitted
opinion, consent, approval,
permission, acceptance,
assent
meating, conference

before, in front of, opposite,

facing
assemblage, mass,
collection
collection, assemblage,
group
collective noun, generic
term
collective, pertaining to
community
sea, ocean

samudra sataha

;db| ;tx

n.

sea level

samuha

;d'x

n.

samuhik

;d'lxs

adj.

collection, assemblage,
group
collective

samunnati

;dGglt

n.

samyatantra

;fDotGq

n.

progress, development,
elevation, rise
communism

samyavad

;fDojfb

n.

communism

samyavadi

;fDojfbL

n./adj.

communist

san

;g

n.

jute

sana buva

;fgf ajf

n.

sancalan

;+rfng

n.

mother's younger sister's

husband
managing, directing

sancalan

;~rng

n.

movement

sancalit

;~rflnt

adj.

sancar

;~rf/

n.

managed, conducted,
directed
movement, motion

sancaran

;~r/)f

n.

movement, motion

sanco

;frf]

sandarbha

;Gbe{

sandarbha-suci

;Gbe{;"rL

n./adj. 1. key; true, sincere, genuine,

real
n.
treatise, a collection of
anthology, formation,
construction; context,
appendage, expansion
n.
bibliography

sandesh

;Gb]z

n.

sandhe

;f(]

n.

information, news,
message; command; gift
present
bull

sanga

postp.

with, along with

sangai lanu

;} nfg

v.t.

to take along, to take away

sangasangai

;;}

adj.

together

sanggathan

;&g

n.

organization, union, league

sanggathanatmak

;+u&gfTds

adj.

organizational

sanggathanik

;&lgs

adj.

organizational

sanggharsa

;+#if{

n.

sangh

;+#

n.

sanghu

;f#

n.

struggle, conflict, strife,

friction
assembly, association,
multitude, monastery
wooden bridge (of a log or
planks), small bridge

116

(usually made of bamboos

or planks of wood)
collection, compilation

sangkalan

;ng

n.

sangkalpa

;Nk

n.

sangkat

;+s&

n.

sangkat

;^

n.

sangketik

;f\s]lts

adj.

sanglo

;f\nf]

n.

token, nominal, symbolic,

indicative
roach

sanguro

;fu/f]

adj.

narrow

sangyojik

;+of]lhs

n.

conjunction

sangyukta rastra
sangh
sani ama

;+oQm /fi^ ;+#

;fgL cfdf

n.

United Nations
Organization
mother's younger sister

sanishcavar

;lgZrjf/

n.

Saturday

sanivar

;lgjf/

n.

Saturday

sanjha

;f

adv.

in the evening

sanjha paryo

;f koF]

sankhyabodhak

;+Voaf]ws

adj.

numerical [grammar]

sankhyamatrabodhak

;+Vofdfqaf]ws

n.

cardinal number

sankramankal

;+qmd)fsfn

n.

transitional period

sano

;fgf]

adj.

small, little, inferior

sanp

;fk

n.

snake

sanracana

;+/rgf

n.

sanrakshak

;+/Ifs

n.

structure, composition,
anatomy
keeper, preserver, guardian

sanrakshan

;+/If)f

n.

sansad

;+;b

n.

guardianship, patronage,
protection, conservation,
tutelage
parliament

sansadiya

;;bLo

adj.

parliamentary

sansadiya vyavastha

;;bLo Joj:yf

n.

parliamentary affairs

sanshodhan

;+zf]wg

n.

sanshodhit

;+zf]lwt

adj.

sanskar

;+:sf/

n.

correction, purification,
refinement, revision,
amendment
corrected, amended,
revised
reformation, initiation,

solemn promise, resolve,

solution, determination
distress, peril, caamity,
agony
hint, symbol, gesture, sign

it became evening

117

sanskaran

;+:s/)f

n.

sanskrit

;+:s[t

n.

purification
correction, act of refining;
edition
Sanskrit

sanskriti

;+:s[lt

n.

culture, customs, tradition

sanskritik

;+:s[lts

adj.

cultural

sanskritmaya

;+:s[tdo

adj.

sanskritized, full of Sanskrit

sansmaran

;+:d/)f

n.

sanstha

;+:yf

n.

recollection, memory,
remembrance
institution, establishment

sansthagat

;+:yfut

adj.

institutional

sansthan

;+:yfg

n.

sansthapan

;+:yfkg

n.

santa

;Gt

n.

santa-mahanta

;GtdxGt

n.

institution, establishment,
corporation
establishment, founding,
initiation, inauguration,
foundation
mendicant, ascetic, pious
person, devotee
holy men

santan

;Gtfg

n.

santanabbe

;GtfgAa]

num.

santan-nigraha

;Gtfglgu|x

n.

santan-nirodh

;Gtfglg/f]w

n.

santaunna

;GtfpGg

num.

birth control, family

planning
birth control, family
planning
fifty-seven, 57

santulan

;Gtng

n.

equalization, making equal

sanu

;fg

adj.

small, little, inferior

sanu

;fg'

adj.

small, little, inferior

sanvaidhanik

;+j]wflgs

adj.

constitutional

sanvarddhan

;+j${g

n.

rearing, breeding, fostering

sanvedanshil

;+j]bgzLn

adj.

sensitive, sensible, feeling

sanvidhan

;+ljwfg

n.

constitution

saph

;fkm

adj.

sapha

;kmf

adj.

clear, fair, pure,

unadulterated, obvious,
bright
clean, clear, pure,
transparent

118

family, extended family,

lineage, genealogy,
offsoring, children,
breeding
ninety-seven, 97

saphal

;kmn

adj.

successful, effective, fruitful

saphalibhut

;kmnLe't

adj.

successful

saphalta

;kmntf

n.

success, achievement

sar

;f/

n.

sara

;f/f

adj.

substance, essence,
kernel, purport, chief part,
vigour, spirit
all, whole, entire, complete

saraha

;/x

adj.

saral

;/n

adj.

saranggi

;f/L

n.

similar, like, resembling, on

equal footing
easy, simple, plain,
straightforward, upright,
sincere
Sarangi, a kind of violin

sarapnu

;/fKg

v.t.

to curse

saripha

;l/kmf

n.

custard-apple

sarkar

;/sf/

n.

government, administration

sarkari

;/sf/L

adj.

sarkari bhasa

;/sf/L efiff

n.

governmental, public,
official, administrative
official language

sarnu

;fg{

v.t.

sarnu

;g{

v.i.

to move, to remove, to
shift, to copy, to infect
to move, to spread

sarp

;k{

n.

snake

sarva

;j{

adj.

all, entire, whole, complete

sarvahara

;j{xf/f

n.

proletariat

sarvajan

;j{hg

pron.

everybody

sarvajanik

;fj{hlgs

adj.

public

sarvanam

;j{gfd

n.

pronoun

sarvanamik

;fj{gflds

adj.

pronominal

sarvapracin

;j{k|frLg

adj.

oldest

sarvashrestha

;j{>]i&

adj.

sarvasva

;j{:j

n.

best of all, preeminent,

highest, supreme,
paramount
entire property, everything

sarvatomukhi

;j{tf]dlv

adj.

universal, all pervading

sarvekshan

;j]{If)f

n.

survey

sarvesarva

;j]{;jf{

adj.

sasana

;f;gf

n.

all-in-all, supreme, chied of

all
punishment, suppression

119

sashakta

;zQm

adj.

sashastra

;z:q

adj.

potential, powerful, strong,

forceful
armed, equipped with arms

sasto

;:tf]

adj.

cheap

sasu

;f;'

n.

mother-in-law

sasura

;;/f

n.

father-in-law

sasuro

;;/f]

n.

father-in-law

sat

;t\

n.

sat

;ft

num.

existence, essence,
substance, goodness
seven

sata

;ftf

n.

week, period of seven days

sataha

;tx

n.

surface, level

satahi

;^xL

n.

exchange of currency

satani

;^gL

n.

satasi

;tf;L

num.

change, exhange,
interchange
eighty-seven, 87

sataun

;ftf}+

adj.

seventh

satcalis

;TrfnL;

num.

forty-seven

sath

;fy

postp.

with, including

sathattar

;txQ/

num.

seventy-seven, 77

sathi

;fyL

n.

friend, companion

sathi

;f&L

num.

sixty, 60

sati

;tL

n.

satopuglo

;ftf]kUnf]

n.

Sati, virtuous wife, chaste

woman, faithful woman
spirit, presence of mind

satra

;q

num.

seventeen, 17

satsatthi

;T;^\&L

num.

sixty-seven, 67

satta

;f

n.

satta

;f

n.

change, exhange,
interchange
speculation

sattais

;QfO{;

num.

twenty-seven, 27

sattari

;Q/L

num.

seventy, 70

sattarudh

;Qf?(

adj.

ruling, wielding power

satu

;ft

n.

flour of dryfried corn

satya

;To

adj.

saun

;fpg

n.

true, real, right, veritable,

correct, honest
fourth month of the Nepali
year [July-August]

120

saundarya

;f}Gbo{

saunvar

;fpjf/

n.

Monday

saurya

;f}o{

adj.

solar

sauta

;f}tf

n.

co-wife

sava

;jf

adj.

a quarter past

saval

;jfn

n.

saya

;o

num.

question, plumb, a laden

weight on a line
hundred, 100

sekaunu

;]sfpg

v.t.

to roast, to warm up

sekuva

;]sjf

n.

roasted meat

selaunu

;]nfpg

v.t.

to cool

selroti

;]n/f]^L

n.

sepilo

;]lknf]

adj.

Nepalese doughnut made

of rice flour
shaded, dark

seto

;]tf]

adj.

white

seva

;]jf

n.

sevan

;]jg

n.

shabda

zAb

n.

service, attendance,
worship
service, attendance,
worship
word

shabdakos

zAbsf]if

n.

dictionary

shahar

zx/

n.

town

shaharikaran

zx/Ls/)f

n.

urbanization

shahi

zfxL

adj.

royal

shahid

zfxLb

n.

martyr

shakta

zQm

adj.

shakti

zlQm

n.

shaktihina

zlQmxLg

adj.

shaktiman

zlQmdfg

adj.

shaktiparikshan

zlQmk/LIf)f

n.

able, capable, strong,

vigorous, energetic, hard,
firm
strength, power, prowess,
capability, calibre, vigour,
energy
powerless, impotent,
enervated
powerful, capable, mighty,
vigorous
trial of strength

shaktishali

zlQmzfnL

adj.

powerful, strong

shamel

zfd]n

adj.

shamil

zfldn

adj.

assembled, gathered
together, united together
assembled, gathered

beauty, charm, pretiness

121

shangka

zf

n.

shankalu

z+sfn

adj.

shankaradeva

z+s/b]j

n.

shanta

zfGt

adj.

sharad

z/b

n.

together, united together

doubt, suspicion,
apprehension
suspicious, questionable,
prone to suspicion, vague
Shankaradeva [a Licchavi
king, grandfather of
Manadeva I]
calm, quiet, mild, serene,
pacific, grave, silent
early autumn

sharan

z/)f

n.

protection, shelter

sharanarthi

z/)ffyL{

n.

refugee, shelter-seeker

sharat

z/t

n.

early autumn

sharir

z/L/

n.

body

shasak

zf;s

n.

shasakiya

zf;sLo

adj.

shasan

zf;g

n.

shasan parivartan

zf;g kl/jt{g

n.

administrator, ruler,
governor
governmental,
administrative, public
command, authority,
governance, reign
coup, putsch

shasana

zf;gf

n.

punishment, suppression

shasankal

zf;gsfn

n.

term of office, reign

shasankarta

zf;gstf{

n.

shasanpaddhati

zf;gk$lt

n.

shasan-pranali

zf;gk|)ffnL

n.

administrator, ruler,
governor
polity, system of
government
government, constitution

shasantantra

zf;gktGq

n.

government, constituion

shasit

zfl;t

adj.

shastra

z:q

n.

shatabda

ztfAb

n.

ruled, administered,
governed; punished
weapon, arms, tool,
instrument
century

shatabdi

ztfAbL

n.

century

shatak

zts

adj.

hundred, 100

shatru

zq

n.

enemy

shatruta

zqtf

n.

enmity, hostility

shaucalaya

zf}rfno

n.

rest room, toilet

shav

zj

n.

corpse

122

shayad

zfob

adv.

perhaps, maybe

sherpa

z]kf{

n.

shikariko svarg

lzsf/Lsf] :ju{

n.

Sherpa [a Nepali
nationality]
hunting paradise

shiksha

lzIff

n.

education

shikshak

lzIfs

n.

teacher

shikshan

lzIf)f

n.

shir

lz/

n.

Shista

lzi^

adj.

shisya

lzio

n.

teaching, instruction,
education
head, crest, noddle,
summit, top of anything
gentle, polite, mannerly,
civil, wellbred, refined,
trained
student, pupil, disciple

shithilta

lzlyntf

n.

shlok

Zn]]s

n.

shobha

zf]ef

n.

shos

zf]if

n.

shosak

zf]ifs

adj.

shosan

zf]if)f

n.

shosit

zf]lift

adj.

suction, drying up,

withering, dryness,
absorption, sucking,
exploitation
exploited

shram

>d

n.

hard labour, toil, exertion

shravan

>fj)f

n.

shri

>L

n.

fourth month of the Nepali

year [July-August]
Mr., Mrs., Ms., Miss

shrilangka

>Lnf

n.

Sri Lanka

shriman

>Ldfg

n.

husband

shrimati

>LdtL

n.

wife

shuddha

z$

adj.

shukavar

zsjf/

n.

pure, genuine, chaste,

uncontaminated, clear,
uncorrupted, unadulterated
Friday

shukla paksha

zSn kIf

comp.

123

feebleness, weakness,
looseness, laxity
verse, stanza, poetry,
couplet
beauty, handsomeness,
magnificence, elegance,
lustre, replendence
suction, drying up,
withering, dryness,
absorption, sucking
absorbent, withering

the moonlit half of a lunar

month

shukravar

zqmjf/

n.

Friday

shunya

z'Go

n./adj.

empty, nill, zero

shur

z'/

adj.

hero, warrior, champion

shuru

n.

start, beginning

shuru garnu

z ug{

shyarpa

Zofkf{

n.

siddhanta

l;$fGt

n.

siddhi

l;l$

n.

siddhyaunu

l;$fpg

v.t.

Sherpa [a Nepali
nationality]
doctrine, tenet, established
truth
perfection,
accomplishment, maturity,
fulfilment, victory
to finish, to complete, to kill

sikkim

l;lSsd

n.

Sikkim

siknu

l;Sg

v.t.

to learn

silbar

l;Na/

n.

aluminium

siling

l;ln

n.

ceiling

sima

;Ldf

n.

simana

l;dfgf

n.

simi

l;dL

n.

boundary, border, limit,

landmark
boundary, border, limit,
landmark
bean

simit

;Lldt

adj.

limited, restricted

sinbi

l;+aL

n.

bean

sincai

l;+rfO

n.

watering, irrigation

sincit

l;l~rt

adj.

irrigated, drenched

sindur

l;+b'/

n.

vermilion, lead powder

sindure

l;+b'/]

adj.

scarlet, vermilion-coloured

singgapur

l;+ufk/

sinha

l;+x

n.

lion

sinhasan

l;+xf;g

n.

throne, lion's seat

sinki

l;GsL

n.

sip

;Lk

n.

sipahi

l;kfxL

n.

soured raddish, fermented

raddish
handicraft, handiwork, art,
craft, arts and crafts, skill
soldier

sipalu

l;kfn

adj.

sipharish

l;kmfl/z

n.

to start, to begin

Singapur

124

skilful, experienced, clever,

skilled
recommendation, letter of

sirak

l;/s

n.

support; intercession
quilt

sirani

l;/fgL

n.

pillow

sirjana

l;h{gf

n.

sisa

;L;f

n.

creation, formation,
construction
lead

sita

l;t

postp.

with, along with

siune kal

l;pg] sn

n.

sewing machine

siunu

l;pg

v.i.

to sew, to stitch

siyo

l;of]

n.

needle

skulma padhnu

:s'ndf k(\g

comp.

to go to school

smaran-patra

:d/)fkq

n.

reminder, memorandum

smarika

:dfl/sf

n.

smriti

:d[lt

n.

smriti-patra

:d[ltkq

n.

monument, memorial;
commemorative volume
memory, remembrance,
memento
reminder, memorandum

snan

:gfg

n.

bath

snankotha

:gfgsf]&f

n.

bathroom

so

;f

adj.

that, that one, he, she

sobhita

;f]letf

n.

cobalt

socnu

;f]Rg

v.t.

sodhakhoj

;f]wvf]h

n.

sohra

;f]x|

num.

to think, to ponder, to
consider
research program,
research project
sixteen, 16

sojho

;f]f]

adj.

somvar

;f]djf/

n.

straigt, straigtforward,
honest
Monday

sopan

;f]kfg

n.

steps, ladder, staircase

spast

:ki^

adj.

sresta

;|:tf

n.

srot

;|f]t

n.

srot ra sadhan

>f]t / ;fwg

n.

distinct, clear, intelligible,

lucid, apparent, evident
book-keeping, account,
register book
current, stream, channel,
water course, source of
income
resources

stambha

:tDe

n.

column

stan

:tg

n.

breast

125

stava

:tj

n.

steshan

:^]zg

n.

praise, admiration; prayer,

hymn
station

sthagit

:ylut

adj.

postpones, adjourned

sthan

:yfg

n.

sthaniya

:yfgLo

adj.

sthapan

:yfkg

n.

sthapana

:yfkgf

n.

sthapit

:yflkt

adj.

sthayi

:yfoL

adj.

sthayitva

:yfloTj

n.

sthira

l:y/

adj.

sthirata

l:y/tf

n.

sthiratva

l:y/Tjf

n.

sthiti

l:ylt

n.

striling

:qLln

n.

place, spot, site, position,

house
local, territorial, regional,
topical
establishment, foundation,
setting up, creation,
planting, placing
establishment, foundation,
setting up, creation,
planting, placing
propounded, founded,
established, instituted, set
up, fixed, placed, erected,
installed
permanent, stationary,
fast, durable, lasting,
stable, steady
permanence, durability,
sustainment
stable, firm, fixed,
permanent, constant,
steadfast, immovable,
determined, patient
immobility, steadiness,
stability, constancy,
immutability, patience
immobility, steadiness,
stability, constancy,
immutability, patience
place, position,
circumstance, condition,
phase, equilibrium
female [grammar]

stuti

:t"lt

n.

subista

;la:tf

n.

praise, glorification, eulogy,

admiration; hymn of praise,
invocation, solemn prayer
easiness, comfort

subistako

;la:tfsf]

adj.

comfortable, easy

sucana

;'rgf

n.

sucanapatra

;'rgfkq

n.

notice, notification,
information, advertisement,
indication, hint
advertisement, notice

126

suci

;'lr

n.

suci

;'rL

n.

sudhar

;wf/

n.

sudharak

;wf/s

n.

sudharnu

;wfg{

v.t.

sudridha

;b[(

adv.

suga

;'uf

n.

needle, a pointed piece of

iron, goad, prong
liste, table, index,
catalogue
improvement, reform,
reformation, correction,
amendment, renovationr
reformer, improver,
disciplinarian
to correct, to reform, to
amend, to make better
very strong, very firm, very
rigid
parrot

sujhau

;'fp

n.

suggestion, advice, counsel

sujhav

;'fj

n.

suggestion, advice, counsel

sukhi

;"vL

adj.

happy, pleased, delighted

sukhiya

;"lvof

adj.

sukti

;"lQm

n.

sukul

;sn

n.

sukumvasi

;sdjf;L

n./adj.

sukuti

;s^L

n.

pleasure loving, pleasant,

happy
good saying, beautiful
sentence
a kind of straw mat, a
person of high or
respectable family
a homeless person,
homeless
dried meat, jerk

sun

;g

n.

gold

sunaulo

;gf}nf]

adj.

golden

sunaunu

;gfpg

v.t.

to make others hear, to tell

sundar

;Gb/

adj.

sundha

;(

n.

beautiful, nice, pretty,

charming
trunk (of an elephant) snout

sungur

;u/

n.

pig, hog

suntala

;Gtnf

n.

tangerine

suntale

;Gtn]

adj.

orange-coloured

sunuvar

;gjf/

n.

supari

;kf/L

n.

Sunuwar [a Nepali
nationality]
areca nut, betel nut

suraksha

;/Iff

surakshit

;/lIft

protection, security
adj.

127

well protected, in safety

surti

;tL{

n.

tobacco

suruva

;?jf

n.

meat broth, meat soup

surya

;'o{

n.

sun

susajjit

;;lHht

adj.

well adorned, well prepared

susangat

;;+ut

susangata

;;+utf

n.

susangati

;;+ult

n.

well associated, well

accompanied; reasonable
good association, good
companionship
good companionship

suselnu

;;]Ng

v.t.

to whistle

suselo

;;]nf]

n.

sushasan

;zf;g

n.

sushri

;>L

n.

whistling, sighing; whistling

sound made by the wind,
sound produced by water
while flowing
good government, good
rule, good administration
Miss

susta

;:t

adj.

sutne kotha

;Tg] sf]&f

n.

sutnu

;Tg

v.i.

sutrapat

;'qkft

n.

to sleep, to go to sleep, to
go to bed, to lie down
beginning, commencement

suvidha

;ljwf

n.

facility, convenience

suvista

;lj:tf

n.

easiness, comfort

svabhav

:jefj

n.

svabhavatah

:jefjtM

adv.

habit, nature, temperament,

character
naturally, by nature

svabhavik

:jefljs

adj.

natural, by nature

svaccha

:jR%

adj.

svad

:jfb

n.

clean, clear, pure,

transparent
taste

svadhin

:jfwLg

adj.

svadhinata

:jfwLgtf

n.

svami

:jfdL

n.

svar

:j/

n.

svarg

:ju{

n.

128

lazy, slow, idle, tardy,

inactive
bed room

independent, free, selfgoverning, autonomous

independence, freedom,
autonomy
master, owner, lord,
proprietor, husband
voice, sound, tune, tone,
vowel
heaven, paradise, sky,
heavens; a beautiful place,

svargavas

:ju{jf;

n.

a pleasant site
death, passing away

svarup

:jk

n.

shape, form, apperarance

svasni

:jf:gL

n.

wife [common]

svasnimanche

:jf:gLdfG%]

n.

woman

svasth

:j:y

adj.

healthy

svasthya

:jf:Yo

n.

health

svatah

:jtM

adj.

svatantra

:jtGq

adj.

voluntarily, spontaneous, of
one's own accord
free

svatantrata

:jtGqtf

n.

freedom, independence

svatantrata divas

:jtGqtf lbj;

n.

independence day

svayam

:jod

adv.

personally, self

svayambhunath

:jfoDe'gfy

n.

Swayambhunath

svayamev

:jod]j

adv.

personally, self

svayamsevak

:jod;]js

n.

volunteer

svayang

:jo+

adj.

personally, self

svayatta

:jfoQ

adj.

svayatta shasan

:jfoQ zf;g

n.

autonomous, under one's

control
autonomy, self-government

svayattashasi

:jfoQzf;L

adj.

autonomous

svayattata

:jfoQtf

n.

autonomy

svikar

:jLsf/

n.

svikrit

:jLs[t

adj.

svikriti

:jLs[lt

n.

syal

:ofn

n.

acceptance, confession,
assent, agreement
accepted, agreed,
consented, conferred
acceptance, sanction,
approbation,
acknowledgement, consent
jackal

syau

:ofp

n.

apple

tadha

^f(f

adj.

far (away)

tadkanu

t*\sg

v.i.

tadkinu

t*\lsg

v.i.

tai

tfO{

n.

to walk speedily, to shout,

to cry
to walk speedily, to shout,
to cry
flat iron pan

taipani

t}klg

conj.

though, notwithstanding

taja

tfhf

adj.

fresh, not stale; green,

129

tak

tfs

n.

tak

^s

n.

takaliph

tsnLkm

n.

unfaded; recent
time, hour, opportunity,
chance
reflection, light; gazing,
staring; looking at the
things with closing the eyes
trouble, pain, affliction

takiya

tlsof

n.

pillow

takuro

^fs/f]

n.

summit, top, peak, apex

tal

tfn

n.

lake

tala

tfnf

n.

lock

tala

tn

postp.

down, below

tala

tnf

n.

floor

talak

tns

postp.

upto, as long as

talca

tfNrf

n.

lock

talika

tflnsf

n.

list, key, table, schedule

talim

tfnLd

n.

training, teaching

talkanu

^Nsg

v.i.

talkinu

^lNsg

v.i.

talmel

tfnd]n

n.

talu

tfn

n.

to shine, to glitter, to
sparkle
to shine, to glitter, to
sparkle
co-ordination,
concordance, harmony,
agreement
palate

tama

tfdf

n.

copper

tamakhu

tdfv

n.

tobacco

tamang

tfdf

n.

tamsanu

tD;g

v.i.

Tamang [a Nepali
nationality]
to be forward, to be active

tamu

td

n.

tanahun

tgx

n.

tanav

tgfj

n.

tanba

tfaf

n.

Tamu, Gurung [a Nepali

nationality]
Tanahun [former mini-state;
today district in western
Nepal]
tension, tenseness, strain,
tautness
copper

tanda

tGbf

n.

bed-sheet

tannu

tfGg

v.t.

to draw, to pull, to drag

130

tansnu

^f:g

v.t.

to stick, to fasten, to join

tap

tk

n.

tap

tfk

n.

tapani

tfklg

conj.

penance, practice, heat,

warmth
heat, warmth; mental
sorrow, anxiety, regret
although, nevertheless

tapari

^k/L

n.

tapke

tfKs]

n.

a plate made of leaves,

leaf-plate
frying pan

tar

t/

n.

cream

tara

tf/f

n.

star

tara

t/

conj.

but

taranga

t/

n.

taraph

t/km

n.

wave, whim, caprice;

emotion, vibration
direction, side

taraph

t/km

conj.

towards

tarbuja

ta{hf

n.

watermelon

tari khet

^f/L v]t

n.

terraced field

tarika

t/Lsf

n.

tarikh

tf/Lv

n.

tariko sag

tf/Lsf] ;fu

n.

method, manner, way,

means
date [according to the
western calendar]
mustard greens [small]

tark

ts{

n.

tarkari

tsf{gL

n.

debate, discussion,
argument
vegetable curry

tarnu

tfg{

v.t.

to deep fry

tarph

tkm{

conj.

towards

tarph

tkm{

n.

direction, side

tarphbata

tkm{af&

postp.

on the part of, from

tarul

t?n

n.

yam

tarun

t?)f

n.

young man, youth, juvenile

taruno

t?gf]

n.

young man, youth, juvenile

tasartha

t;y{

int.

taskar

t:s/

n.

on account of that, from

that reason, therefore
smuggler

taskari

t:s/L

n.

smuggling

tat

t^

n.

shore, bank, beach, coast

tatastha

t^:y

adj.

neutral, objective,

131

tataunu

ttfpg

v.t.

indifferent
to heat, to warm up

tatha

tyf

conj.

and

tathya

tYo

n.

truth, reality, substance

tato

^f^f]

n.

mark, spot, scar, stain

tato

tftf]

adj.

warm, hot

tato pani

tftf] kfgL

n.

hot water, warm water

tattva

tQj

n.

tau

tfp

n.

truth; true state, essence,

substance, the real factor
of bringing things into
existence
sheet of paper

tauko

^fpsf]

n.

head

taulanu

tf}ng

v.t.

to weigh, to compare

tauliya

tf}lnof

n.

towel

tavar

tj/

n.

tayar

tof/

adv.

manner, way, mode,

method
ready

tayar garnu

tof/ ug{

v.t.

to make ready

tayar hunu

tof/ xg

v.i.

to be ready, to make ready

tayarima

tof/L

n.

readiness, preparation

tebbar

t]Aa/

adj.

tehra

t]x|

num.

thrice, threefold, three

times, triplicate
thirteen, 13

teis

t]O{;

num.

twenty-three, 23

tekne lauro

^]Sg] nf}/f]

n.

staff, walking stick

telbij

t]naLh

n.

oilseed

telhan

t]nxg

n.

oilseed

tenis

^]lg;

n.

tennis

ternu

^]g{

v.t.

tesro

t];|f]

adj.

to obey, to respect; to pay

attention
third

tesro dhrava

t];|f] w|j

n.

third pole

tettis

t]QL;

num.

thirty-three, 33

thag

&u

n.

cheat, knave, swindler

thagaha

&ufxf

n.

cheat, knave, swindler

thagnu

&Ug

v.i.

to cheat, to deceive

thaha

yfxf

n.

knowledge, information

132

thakai

ysfO

n.

thakali

ysfnL

n.

thaknu

yfSg

v.i.

thal

yfn

n.

fatigue, weariness,
exhaustion
Thakali [a Nepali
nationality]
to get tired, to become
tired, to be exhausted
plate

thali

yfnL

n.

small plate

thalni

yfNgL

n.

beginning, commencement

thalnu

yfNg

v.t.

thalo

ynf]

n.

thamaunu

&dfpg

v.t.

to begin, to start, to
commence
place, land; levelled high
place, table land
to recognize, to know

thami

yfdL

n.

Thami [a Nepali nationality]

thamyaunu

&Dofpg

v.t.

to recognise, to know

thana

yfgf

n.

police station. police post

thana

&fgf

n.

police station. police post

thanda

&G*f

adj.

cold, chilly

thanda marubhumi

&)*f d?e"ld

n.

tundra

thannu

&fGg

v.t.

to think, to determine

thapnu

yfKg

v.t.

thar

y/

n.

to establish, to erect, to
place
clan, tribe, subcaste

tharkaunu

ysf{pg

v.t.

to frighten, to shake

tharu

yf?

n.

Tharu [a Nepali nationality]

thati

yfgL

n.

pawn, stake, postponement

thaun

&fp

n.

place, spot, opportunity

thegnu

y]Ug

v.i.

to last, to persist, to endure

theknu

&]Sg

v.t.

thicnu

lyRg

v.t.

thik

&Ls

adj.

to fix, to sum up, to appoint,

to post
to press, to crush, to
squeeze
right, correct

thiti

l&^L

n.

lass, girl, young women

thiti

lylt

n.

thiti-riti

lyltl/lt

n.

arrangement, order,
custom, regulation, usage
arrangement, order,
custom, regulation, usage

133

thito

l&^f]

n.

lad, boy, young man

thople

yf]Kn]

adj.

spotted

thopo

yf]kf]

n.

drop, speck

thor

yf]/

adj.

less

thorai

yf]/}

adj.

a little, few

thuli ama

&'nL cfdf

n.

thulo

&'nf]

adj.

father's elder brother's wife,

mother's elder sister
big

thulo ba

&'nf] af

n.

thulo buva

&'nf] ajf

n.

thunse

yG;]

n.

thunuva

ygjf

adj.

father's elder brother,

mother's elder sister's
husband
father's elder brother,
mother's elder sister's
husband
a large close-meshed
basket
imprisoned, arrested

thuprai aunu

yk|} cfpg

v.i.

to pour in, to swarm in

thupro

yk|f]

n.

heap, mound, pile, crowd

ti

tL

pron.

those

tibbat

ltAat

n.

Tibet

tighra

lt#|f

n.

thigh

tihun

ltxg

n.

vegetable stew

tikho

tLvf]

adj.

sharp, pointed

tiknu

l^Sg

v.i.

to last, to remain, to endure

til

tLn

n.

sesame

tin

l^g

n.

tin

tin

tLg

num.

three, 3

tinma

ltgdf

tinma adhi bhanda

kehi badhi

ltgdf cf#L eGbf s]xL

a(L

tippani

l^Kk)fL

n.

tippanikar

l^Kk)fLsf/

n.

note, annotation, comment,

commentary, observation,
critical remark
commentator

tira

lt/

postp.

towards, in direction to

tirnu

ltg{

v.t.

tp pay

tirsana

lt;{gf

n.

desire for drink and food,

134

under it, under them, under

there
a little bit more than half of
them

thirst; desire, wish,

ambition
thirty, 30

tis

tL;

num.

tithi

ltly

n.

titri

ltqL

n.

toknu

tf]Sg

v.t.

toli

^f]nL

n.

topalnu

^f]kNg

v.t.

tori

tf]/L

n.

torika phul dekhnu

tf]/Lsf kmn b]Vg

tran

qf)f

n.

protection, defence, safety

tribhuj

lqeh

n.

triangle

tricalis

lqrfnL;

num.

forty-three, 43

trihattar

lqxQ/

num.

seventy-three, 73

tripanna

lqkGg

num.

fifty-three, 53

trisatthi

lq;^\&L

num.

sixty-three, 63

tritiya purus

t[tLo k?if

n.

third person [ling.]

tritiyapurusvacak

t[tLo k?ifjfrs

n.

third person [grammar]

triyakalap

lqofsnfk

n.

function, task

triyanabbe

lqofgAa]

num.

ninety-three, 93

triyasi

lqof;L

num.

eighty-three, 83

tukra

^qmf

n.

a small piece,

tukrinu

^lqmg

v.i.

to be divided to pieces

tulana

tngf

n.

comparison, similarity

tunginu

^+lug

v.i.

tupi

^kL

n.

to come to an end, to be
finished, to be completed
pig-tail

turunta

t?Gt

adj.

immediate

tyag

Tofu

n.

desertion, abandonment

tyahan

Toxf

adv.

there

tyas tak

To; tfs

adv.

at that time

tyasai

To;}

adv.

tyasaile

To;}n]

conj.

in that way, without any

reason; free, vain
therefore, so

date [according to the

astrological calendar]
a sour fruit [relished for
pickle], tamarind
to fix, to determine, to
appoint, to decide
small group, btch, party,
team
to pretend, to make a
pretext
mustard
to be astonished

135

tyaso hunale

To;f] xgfn]

conj.

so, thus

tyasprati

To;k|lt

adv.

tyasto

To:tf]

pron.

in this connection,
concerning this
such, that kind of, like that

tyatiko

Toltsf]

adj.

that much, that big

ubhayaling

peoln

n.

double gender

ubhinu

pleg

v.i.

ubhyaunu

pEofpg

v.t.

ubjani

pAhgL

n.

to stand up, to stand, to get

up
to cause to stand, to raise
up
production, productivity

ubjanu

pAhg

v.i.

ubjaunu

pAhfpg

v.t.

ubranu

pa|g

v.i.

to grow, to grow up, to be

produced
to produce, to cause to
grow
to be left over

ucalnu

prfNg

v.t.

to lift up

ucca

pRr

adj.

high, lofty, upper, superior

ucca parvatiya

pRr kj{tLo

adj.

alpine

udaharan

pbfx/)f

n.

udaharaniya

pbfx/)fLo

adj.

instance, example,
illustration
exemplary

udan

p*fg

n.

flight, act of flying or fleeing

udar

pbf/

adj.

udarashaya

pbf/fzo

adj.

udarta

pbf/tf

n.

udarvad

pbf/jfb

n.

high minded, munificent,

generous, open-hearted,
noble-minded
generous, high-minded,
magnanimous
generosity, liberality,
magnanimity, nobleness
liberalism

udarvadi

pbf/jfbL

n.

liberal, liberalist

udas

pbf;

adj.

sad

udasi

pbf;L

adj.

sad

udaunu

p*fpg

v.t.

udaunu

pbfpg

v.i.

to cause to fly; to waste, to

squander, to gobble
to rise (sun or moon)

udaya

pbo

n.

rising, ascent, dawning

uddesh

p@]z

n.

uddeshya

p@]Zo

n.

desire, wish, intention,

purpose
aim, objective

136

uddhar

p$f/

n.

kindness, charity

udgar

pb\uf/

n.

udharnu

pwfg{

v.t.

exclamation, emotional
statement
to rip up

udhinnu

plwGg

v.t.

udnu

p*\g

v.i.

to dig up, to pick out, to find

out, to search, to select
to fly

udus

p*;

n.

bedbug

udyamashil

pBdzLn

adj.

industrial

udyat

pBt

adj.

udyog

pBf]u

n.

udyogi

pBf]uL

adj.

ready, prepared, raised,

brought up
industry, enterprise, effort,
diligence
industrious

ugharnu

p#fg{

v.t.

to open, to unlock

ughranu

p#|g

v.i.

to be opened

ugra

pu|

adj.

wrathful, angry, fierce

uhan

pxf

pron.

he, she [very polite]

uhile

plxn]

adv.

ujad

phf*

adj.

then, at that time, many

years ago, long ago
deserted, isolated

ujyalo

pHofnf]

adj.

light

ukali

psfnL

n.

upward gradient

ukalnu

psfNg

v.t.

to lift

ukalo

psfnf]

n./adj.

ukasnu

psf:g

v.t.

steepness, upward
gradient; steep
ro raise, to rouse

ukelnu

ps]Ng

v.t.

to vomit, to spew out

ukhan

pvfg

n.

proverb, saying, aphorism

ukhelnu

pv]Ng

v.t.

to uproot, to remove

ukhu

pv

n.

sugar cane

ukkaunu

pSsfpg

v.t.

to break open, to initiate

ukkinu

plSsg

v.i.

uklanu

pSng

v.t.

to be selected, to be picked
out
to climb up, to ascend

ukta

pQm

adj.

mentioned, said

ukti

plQm

n.

statement, remark, a
saying

137

ukusmukusaunu

ps;ds;fpg

v.t.

ullangghan

pNn+#g

n.

to stifle, to cause
claustrophobia
violation, contravention

ullas

pNnf;

n.

joy, delight

ullekh

pNn]v

n.

ullekhniya

pNn]vgLo

adj.

ullikhit

pNn]lvt

adj.

mention, reference,
description
remarkable, worthy of
being mentioned
written, mentioned

ulto

pN^f]

adj.

opposite, upside-down

umalnu

pdfNg

v.t.

to cause to boil

umarnu

pdfg{

v.t.

to cause to sprout

umedvar

pd]bjf/

n.

candidate

umer

pd]/

n.

age, length of life

umkanu

pDsg

v.i.

umlanu

pDng

v.i.

ummedvar

pDd]bjf/

n.

to escape, to get free, to

slip out
to boil, to bubble up, to
simmer
candidate

umranu

pd|g

v.i.

un

pmg

n.

to sprout, to spring up, to

grow up
wool

unancas

pgGrf;

num.

forty-nine, 49

unannabbe

pgfGgAa]

num.

eighty-nine

unansattari

pgfG;Q/L

num.

sixty-nine, 69

unansaya

pgfG;o

num.

ninety-nine, 99

unasi

pgf;L

num.

seventy-nine, 79

unca

pmrf

adj.

high, lofty

uncai

pmrfO

n.

height, tallness, summit

uncalis

pGrfnL;

num.

thirty-nine, 39

unco

pmrf]

adj.

high

unco

prf]

adj.

high

uni kammal

pmgL sDdn

n.

wollen blanket

unmulan

pGd'ng

n.

unnais

pGgfO{;

num.

uprooting, destruction,
eradication
nineteen, 19

unnat

pGgt

adj.

unnati

pGglt

n.
138

risen, progressed,
improved
progress, rise,

unnatishil

pGgltzLn

adj.

advancement,
improvement, prosperity,
elevation
progressive

unnayak

pGgfos

n.

uplifter, reformer, leader

unnayan

pGgog

n.

uplift, development

unnu

pGg

v.t.

unsathi

pG;f&L

num.

to wreath, to thread, to
string, to pass a thread
through a needle
fifty-nine, 59

unta

pm^

n.

camel

untis

pGtL;

num.

twenty-nine, 29

upabhog

pkef]u

n.

enjoyment

upabhokta

pkef]Qm

n.

consumer, user

upacar

pkrf/

n.

upadesh

pkb]z

n.

remedy, medical treatment,

care
instruction, counsel, lesson

upadhi

pkflw

n.

upahar

pkxf/

n.

title, attribute, designation,

status
present, gift

upaj

pkh

n.

crop, produce, product

upakhyan

pkfVofg

n.

upakram

pkqmd

n.

upalabdha

pknAw

adj.

upalabdhi

pknAwL

n.

upalakshya

pknIo

n.

upama

pkdf

n.

upanisad

pklgifb\

n.

upanisadvadi

pklgifb\jfnL

n.

upansanhar

pk;+xf/

n.

legend, tale, episode (of a

narration); proverb, sying
plan, programme,
preparations, beginning,
preamble, preface
gained, felt, acquired,
attained, available
achievement,
accomplishment
sign, implication, ourpose,
occasion
comparison, simile,
likeness
Upanishads (the
theological part of the
vedas)
(someone who is following
the teachings of the
Upanishads)
conclusion, summary

upanyas

pkGof;

n.

novel

139

upar

pk/

postp.

above, over, for

uparastrapati

pk/fi^klt

n.

vice-president

uparna

pkgf{

n.

scarf, shawl

upasabhapati

pk;efklt

n.

upasthiti

pkl:ylt

n.

vice-chairman [of a
meeting, organization or
party]
presence, attendance

upatya

pkTo

n.

valley

upa-usnakatibandhi

pkpi)fsl^aGwL

adj.

subtropical

upayog

pkof]u

n.

use, utilization, application

upayogita

pkof]lutf

n.

usefulness, utility

upayukta

pkoQm

adj.

upeksha

pk]Iff

n.

upekshit

pk]lIft

adj.

uphranu

pk|mg

v.i.

proper, suitable,
appropriate
slight, indignity, neglect,
disregard, contempt, scorn
neglected, ignored,
discarded, disregarded
to jump, to leap

upiyan

plkof

n.

flea

uralnu

p/fNg

v.t.

to instigate, to incite

urlanu

pn{g

v.i.

usa

piff

n.

to surge up, to rise up, to

come in waves; to become
angry
dawn, daybreak

usinnu

pl;Gg

v.t.

to boil while cooking

uso

p;f]

adj.

like that, such

uta

ptf

adv.

there, thither

utarnu

ptfg{

v.t.

uthal-puthal

pynkyn

n.

to cause to get off, to cause

to descend, to help to
descend, to take off
(clothes)
overturning, change

uthaunu

p&fpg

v.t.

uthnu

p&\g

v.i.

uti

plt

adv.

to wake up, to rouse, to

cause to rise
to get up, to stand up, to
stand
that much

utnikher

plTgv]/

adv.

meanwhile, at that time

utpadan

pTkfbg

n.

production

utpatti

pTklQ

n.

origin, production

140

utpidak

pTkL*s

n.

oppressor

utpidit

pTkLl*t

n.

utpidit varga

pTkLl*t ju{

n.

oppression, persecution,
harassment
oppressed class

utranu

pqg

v.i.

utrinu

plqg

v.i.

utsaha

pT;fx

n.

utsav

pT;j

n.

utsukta

pT;stf

n.

entertainment, festival,
celebration, festivity
enthusiasm, excitement

uttam

pQd

adj.

supreme, best

uttano

pQfgf]

adj.

flat on one's back

uttar

pQ/

n.

answer, reply; north

uttaradhikari

pQ/flwsf/L

n.

heir, successor, inheritor

uttardayi

pQ/bfoL

adj.

uttejit

pQ]lht

adj.

responsible, answerable,
accountable
excited, quickened

utthan

pTyfg

n.

vacan

jrg

n.

upliftment; progress,
emancipation
speech, utterance, talk

vad

jfb

n.

theory, dispute, controversy

vaicarik

j}rfl/s

adj.

ideological

vaidhanik

j}wflgs

adj.

vaishakh

j}zfv

n.

vajracarya

jh|frfo{

n.

vaktavya

jQmJo

n.

constitutional, according to
the constitution
first month of the Nepali
year [April-May]
Vajracharya, Bajracharya,
a tantric guru, a Buddhist
priest
speech, statement, topic

vampanthi

jfdkGyL

n./adj.

leftist

van biralo

jg la/fnf]

n.

wild cat

van upabhokta
samuha
vanbhoja

jg pkef]Qmf ;d'x

n.

forest users group

jfef]h

n.

picknick

vanijya

jfl)fHo

n.

trade, commerce, business

vanko dhan

jgsf] wfg

n.

forest resources

141

to get off, to descend, to

float, to rise out of, to rise
above
to get off, to come down, to
descend
enthusiasm, excitement

vansha

j+z

n.

vardan

j/bfg

n.

clan, pedigree, dynasty,

lineage, birth, family, tribe,
generation
boon

varga

ju{

n.

class, kind, series, row

varga mil

ju{ dLn

n.

square mile

vargahin

ju{xLg

adj.

classless

vargahin samaj

ju{xLg ;dfh

n.

classless society

varipari

jl/kl/

adv.

varnan

j)f{g

n.

varsa

jif{

n.

all round, round about, on

all sides
description, narration,
encomium
year

varsa

jiff{

n.

varta

jftf{

n.

vartalap

jftf{nfk

n.

vartaman

jt{dfg

adj.

vasanta

j;Gt

n.

rains, rainy season,

monsoon
discourse, account,
conversation, topic, talk,
dialogue
dialogue, conversation,
talk, discourse
current, existing, modern,
current time, present time
spring

vasi

jf;L

n.

inhabitant, dweller

vastavik

jf:tljs

adj.

vastavikta

jf:tljstf

n.

in reality, essential,
genuine, true, virtual
reality, truth

vastu

j:t

n.

vastutah

j:ttM

adv.

vatavaran

jftfj/)f

n.

veda

j]b

n.

condition, surrounding,
environment,
circumstances, situation
Veda

vela

j]nf

n.

time

veshya

j]Zof

n.

prostitute, whore, harlot

vibhag

ljefu

n.

section, part, department

vibhagiya

ljefuLo

adj.

vibhajan

ljefhg

n.

departmental, related to the

department
section, part, department

vibhinna

ljle

adj.

142

thing, item, substance,

article, property; cattle
in reality

various, diverse, different

kinds of

vicalan

ljrng

n.

vicar

ljrf/

n.

videsh

ljb]z

n.

departure, deviation,
moving about,
unsteadiness
consideration, observation,
notion, idea, judgement
foreign country

videshi

ljb]zL

n.

foreigner

videshi sahayata

ljb]zL ;xfotf

n.

foreign aid

vidhan

ljwfg

n.

vidheyak

ljw]os

n.

legislation, act, law,

ordinance, regulation, rule
bill [in a legislature]

vidhi

ljlw

n.

vidhipurvak

ljlwk'j{s

adv.

vidhivat

ljlwjt

adv.

vidit

ljlbt

adj.

vidroha

ljb|f]x

n.

vidvan

ljfg

n./adj.

vidya

ljBf

n.

vidyabhyas

ljBfEof;

n.

vidyalaya

ljBfno

n.

vidyarambha

ljBf/De

n.

vidyarthi

ljBfyL{

n.

knowledge, learning,
attainment
study, habit of study,
practice of learning
school, college, academy,
seminary
initiation into one's studies
with religious solemnities,
the beginning of reading an
writing
student

vidyarthi gatividhi

ljBfyL{ ultljlw

n.

student movement

vidyashram

ljBf>d

n.

boarding school

vidyut

ljBt

n.

electricity

vigat

ljut

adj.

past, gone away

vighatan

lj#^g

n.

vigyan

lj!fg

n.

break up, dissolution,

destruction
acquired knowledge,
conscience, wisdom,
understanding, science

143

method, procedure, law,

rule, prescript
duly, methodically,
systematically
duly, methodically,
systematically, in
conformity with rules, as
prescribed by law
known, understood,
acquainted
revolt, rebellion, mutiny,
treason
scholar; learned, wise

vihina

ljxLg

postp.

vihinata

ljxLgtf

n.

devoid of, deprived of,

destitute of
missing, non-existence

vijaya

ljho

n.

victory, triumph, conquest

vijaya

ljhof

n.

vijaya dashami

ljhof bzdL

n.

vijayi

ljhoL

n./adj.

vijeta

ljh]tf

n.

vikas

ljsf;

n.

vikasit

ljsfl;t

adj.

the goddess Durga, the

Durga Puja festival
the Dashara festival, the
Dasain festival
victor, conqueror,
vanquisher; victorious,
triumphant
conqueror, victor, one who
has achieved victory
development, expansion,
evolution
developed

vikasit

ljsl;t

adj.

developed

vikat

ljs^

adj.

dreadful, difficult, hideous

vikendrikaran

ljs]Gb|Ls/)f

n.

decentralization

vikhandan

ljv)*g

n.

vikhandit

ljvl)*t

adj.

vikriti

ljs[lt

n.

vilas

ljnf;

n.

vilayat

ljnfot

n.

viman

ljdfg

n.

fission, breaking up,

splitting up, fragmentation
divided, separated, split up,
cut off, broken
deformation, defilement,
mutilation, defect
luxury, enjoyment,
luxurious life, sensuous
pleasure, pleasure with the
opposite sex
foreign land, foreign
country, Europe, England
airplane, airship

vimansthal

ljdfg:yn

n.

airfield, airstrip

vinash

ljgfz

n.

vipanna

ljk

adj.

viparit

ljk/Lt

adj.

viphal

ljkmn

adj.

vir

jL/

adj.

destruction, ruin, disaster,

loss
distressed, afflicted, fallen
into calamity, in a critical
state
opposit, contrary, reverse,
adverse, hostile
fruitless, useless,
unsuccessful
brave, courageous, heroic,
gallant

144

viraha

lj/x

n.

virodh

lj/f]w

n.

viruddha

lj?$

postp.

visakta

ljiffQm

adj.

visalu

ljiffn

adj.

visaya

ljifo

n.

separation, parting,
estrangement; loss
dissension, discrepancy,
hostility, discord, objection,
antagonism
against, opposed, opposite,
contrary, adverse, hostile
toxic, poisonous,
venomous, vituperative
toxic, poisonous,
venomous, vituperative
subject, topic, article

visaya-kram

ljifoqmd

n.

contents, table of contents

visayantar

ljifofGt/

n.

visayapravesh

ljifok|j]z

n.

visaya-pravesh

ljifok|j]z

n.

an outside subject, another

topic
introduction, preface,
foreword, preliminary
introduction

visayavastu

ljifoj:t

n.

vishal

ljzfn

adj.

vishes

ljz]if

adv.

vishes adalat

ljz]if cbfnt

n.

subject matter, something

discussed
big, very big, gigantic,
extensive, large, palatiol,
huge, great
extraordinary, unusual,
special, distinguished,
famous
special court

vishes nam

ljz]if gfd

n.

proper name

vishesagya

ljz]if!

n.

expert

vishesan

ljz]if)f

n.

adjective

vishesya

ljz]io

n.

vishista

ljlzi^

adj.

vishva

ljZj

n.

substantive; a noun with an

adjective qualifying it
conspicuous, remarkable,
important, distinguished,
extraordinary
universe, the whole world

vishvas

ljZjf;

n.

vishvasniya

ljZj;gLo

adj.

vishvasniyata

ljZj;gLotf

n.

vishvaspatra

ljZjf;kfq

n.

belief, trust, faith, reliance,

confidence, assurance
trustworthy, reliable,
creditable
trustworthiness, reliability,
creditability
reliable person, confidant

vishvavidyalaya

ljZjljBfno

n.

university

145

vishvayuddha

ljZjo'$

n.

world war

viskambhak

ljisDes

n.

interlude (in a drama)

vismayadibodhak

lj:doflbaf]ws

n.

interjection

visphot

lj:kmf]^

n.

visphotak

lj:kmf]^s

adj.

outburst, explosion,
eruption; smallpox
explosive

vistar

lj:tf/

n.

vistarit

lj:tfl/t

adj.

vivad

ljjfb

n.

vivaha

ljjfx

n.

vivaran

ljj/)f

n.

vivash

ljjz

adj.

vividh

ljljw

adj.

vividhta

ljljwtf

n.

vriddha

j[$

adj.

vriddhavastha

j[$fj:yf

n.

vriddhi

j[l$

n.

vrihaspativar

j[x:kltjf/

n.

progress, increase,
increment, rise, growth,
enlargement
Thursday

vriksha

j[If

n.

tree

vriksharopan

j[Iff/f]k)f

n.

tree plantation

vrisadeva

j[ifb]j

n.

vyakhya

JofVof

n.

Vrishadeva [name of a
Licchavi king, greatgrandfather of Manadeva I]
explanation

vyakhyan

JofVofg

n.

vyakta

JoQm

adj.

vyakti

JolQm

n.

vyaktigat

JolQmut

adj.

speech, lecture,
explanation, exposition
clear, discernible,
expressed, stated,
mentioned
person, individual,
manifestation
personal, individual

vyaktitva

JolQmTj

n.

personality, individuality,

146

extension, expansion,
extent; spread
expanded, enlarged
discussion, debate,
dispute, altercation,
quarrel, controvercy
marriage, wedding,
matrimony
description, account,
statement
dependent, helpless,
subjected
different, diverse, various,
miscellaneous
diversity, variety, variation
old, aged, advanced in
years, mature; ancient
old age

self
vyaktivacak nam

JolQmjfrs gfd

n.

proper name, proper noun

vyangya

Jo

n.

sarcasm, irony, innuendo

vyangya-citra

Jolrq

n.

cartoon

vyapar

Jofkf/

n.

vyapta

JofKt

adj.

vyatha

Joyf

n.

vyavahar

Jojxf/

n.

vyavasay

Joj;fo

n.

vyavastha

Joj:yf

n.

vyavasthapan

Joj:yfkg

n.

business, trade, profession,

occupation, industry
diffused, pervaded,
occupied, overcast,
scattered, flush
pain, suffering, misery,
distress, injury, ache
behaviour, conduct,
manner, treatement
undertaking, occupation,
employment; engagement,
business
system, method, regulation,
management, settlement,
systematization, form
organizing, systematizing

vyavasthapika

Joj:yflksf

n.

legislative

vyavasthapit

Joj:yflkt

adj.

vyavasthit

Jojl:yt

adj.

yadyapi

oBlk

conj.

yagya

o!

n.

established, systematized,
managed
systematic, methodical, in
order
although, though, even, if,
however, notwithstanding
religious sacrifice, oblation

yahan

oxf

adv.

here, at this place, hither

yahi

oxL

pron.

this very

yahi nai

oxL g}

pron.

this and no other

yas karan

o; sf/)f

so, because of this

yas kramma

o; qmDdf

for this reason, so

yasaigari

o;}u/L

adv.

consequently, therefor, so

yashasvi

oz:jL

adj.

yashogan

ozf]ufg

n.

renowned, reputed,
glorious
eulogy, singing of praises

yasmadhye

o;dWo]

adv.

by that, in this

yaso

o;f]

adj.

like this, such

yasogari

o;f]u/L

adv.

consequently, therefor, so

yasto

o:tf]

pron.

like this, of the same kind

147

yasto andhyaroma

o:tf] cWo/f]df

comp.

in such darkness

yata

otf

adv.

here, at this place, hither

yatauta

otfptf

adv.

yatayat

oftfoft

n.

hither an thither, here and

there, in all directions
transportation, traffic

yathavat

oyfjt

adv.

in situ, intact, as before

yati

olt

adv.

yatiko

oltsf]

adv.

this much, thus much, so

much
so much

yatra

ofqf

n.

trip, voyage

yatri

ofqL

n.

traveller, pilgrim, tourist

yatro

oqf]

pron.

so great, so big

yauvan

of}jg

n.

yayavar

ofofj/

n.

youth, adolescence,
manhood, puberty
nomad, wanderer

yog

of]u

n.

yogadan

of]ubfg

n.

yogaphal

of]ukmn

n.

joining, junction,
combination, union,
coupling; relationship,
connection
cooperation, help,
assistance, contribution
the sum total

yogyata

Of]Uotf

n.

power, strength, talent

yojana

of]hgf

n.

planning

yug

ou

n.

epoch, era, age

yugoslabhiya

ouf]:nfeLof

n.

Yugoslavia

yurop

o'/f]k

n.

Europe

yuropeli

o'/f]k]nL

adj.

European

yuva

ojf

n.

youth

yuvati

ojtL

n.

young woman, youthful

woman

148