Professional Documents
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Methods of Health Education
Methods of Health Education
Faculty of nursing
Master preparatory course
2014-2015
Supervised by:
prof. wafaa Ismael
Dr. soad Hassan
Prepared by:
Mona Ibrahim
Mai elsaeed
Mohammed Ali
weam Ibrahim
Out line
Objectives
Definition of methods
method
Objectives
General objective:
Acquire Knowledge about different methods of
health education
Specific Objectives:
At the end of this lecture my college will be able
to:
Define methods of health education
Identify on classification of methods
Discuss types of Individual method
Discuss types of Group method
Discuss types of Mass method
What is method?
Methods of health education are the techniques or ways in which series of
activities are carried out to communicate ideas, information and develops
necessary skills and attitude.
1. Individual method:
These methods involve person-to-person or face
-to -face
Counseling
Interview
2. Group method
An ideal group may consist of six to twelve members depending
upon situation. This small group also can get some opportunity to
ask questions and share ideas, information and experiences.
In spite of the advantage of individual methods a health educator
Group discussion
2.
Demonstration
3.
Mini-lecture.
4.
Problem solving.
5.
Brain storming.
6.
Panel discussion.
7.
Role play
8.
9.
Workshop/seminar
3- Mass method
This method is especially meant for a large number of heterogeneous
people. Such group of people is commonly termed as mass.
Individual method
Interview
Interview is to meet and talk each other and collect information and ideas. It
is a method of providing health education through the means of question
and answer between the health educator and the learner. In this method,
knowledge, attitude, feeling and health practices are studied and essential
suggestions are given to bring about the positive change.
Advantages of interview
a. Helps to know knowledge , attitude and practice
b. Helps for intensive and systematic teaching with exchange of ideas
and feelings
c. Help to reach a better conclusion for solution of a problem.
d. Easy to conduct with less cost and limited facilities.
e. Even illiterate persons can be interviewed and taught
f. Easy to make follow-up
g. It is a two way communication
h. The expression and gestures can be observed.
Disadvantages of interview
a. Time consuming
b. Difficult to cover wide range of target people
c. Limited manpower
d. Tedious if has to repeat to many people.
Counseling
Definition
Counseling is a process of encouraging and helping an individual in
identifying his or her health problem, the cause of the problem, the ways of
its solution and encourages taking necessary actions to solve it.
1) Demonstration
Definition
Demonstration is the process of providing knowledge and skills as
well as developing attitude of a small group of people through the
manipulation of appropriate teaching devices or materials.
2)Mini lecture
Definition
Mini lecture is the method of giving information about any subject matter
with the help of short lecture or speech in 10 15 minutes, maintaining the
exchange of ideas between the speaker and the audience, as well as
evaluating about what the audience perceived in between the speech.
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
Since there is quick evaluation in between the speech, the minilecture can be changed according to fit to the knowledge condition of
the audience.
4.
Disadvantages
1. It will be difficult for the speaker to present mini-lecture in short
time, as well as to evaluate and change the mini-lecture according to
the perception of the audience.
2. The audience feels shy and embarrassed when they cannot answer the
questions asked by the speaker.
3. It can be applicable only for small groups.
3) Brain Storming
Brain storming is also called Creative Ideation.
Defnition
This is a modern method of eliciting from the participants, their ideas and
solutions on debatable issues or current problems.
Rules:
Dont criticize or evaluate ideas
Be unconventional in your thinking
Aim for a quantity of ideas in a short time
Build on others ideas
Make contribution in turn
Contribute only one idea during each turn
Pass when you dont have an idea
Dont provide explanation for your ideas
Laughter ,groans shouldnt be permitted nor should encouraging
comments as," Good idea"
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
Disadvantages
1. Ideas pulled out may not always be relevant and helpful to make
group decision. It may happen especially with the new learners.
2. It might take some longer time and may not be appropriate for packed
program.
4)Role Playing
Definition
Role play is a socio drama which can be carried out by individual or a
group of people taking different roles and acting out problem
situation similar to that they encounter in their real life situation
They enact roles as they have observed or experienced and act or
pretend to be a sick. Person, as a mother, child, health worker, etc.
In a role playing there will be about 5 to 6 characters and 15-20
audience but the number may be slightly vary according to situation .
Advantages
1. Give learners opportunity to express their ideas based on real life
situation and can learn from each other.
2. Enables the learners to see things through the eyes of others.
3. Develops the power of quick thinking and expression.
4. Develop careful listening habit.
5. Makes people think in a more constructive way.
6. It interesting and provides active learning opportunity in a realistic
way.
7. It simple and inexperience and can easily be conducted at different
situation.
8. The best way to teach people about health in order to make them
understand it.
Disadvantages
1. It may lead to only a recreational activity not educational.
2. Everybody can not successfully act due to shyness, lack of
experience, lack of confidence and expression skills.
3. Every learner may not get opportunity to participate as role player.
5) Workshop
Definition
Advantages
Disadvantages
Users attending may have a broad range of skills (computer and language)
May be hard to fit everything that you want to cover into a single
workshop
6)Group Discussion
Definition
It is a method of teaching through the direct share of knowledge,
ideas and experiences among small group of persons about a
particular subject or problem within a limited period of time with
a view to solve the problem.
Any discussion should take only an hour or less to avoid
boredom
Group size
An ideal group may consist of Six to Twelve members depending
upon the situation so that each person is able to communicate
with all the others face to face to reach to a decision and achieve
the common goal.
members or learners.
2. Helps learners to come to a group decision and solve their common
problem. Group decision is better than individual decision.
3. Helps members to become active learners and learn new
knowledge, ideas and experiences about their subject of concern
through a cooperative process.
4. Provides adequate communication among all the members with
exchange of ideas and experiences.
5. The health educator can make a closer study of the members of
target group regarding their need, interest, attitude, ability and
other potentialities.
Disadvantages
1. Some self-conscious members may not venture to bring forth their valid
idea "for fear of disapproval by other members.
2. Sometimes discussion may be prolonged without any fruitful result,
or it may take longer time to come to the conclusion or decision.
3. Somebody may not feel personally responsible for the result of
discussion. So, they may not participate well.
7)Panel discussion
Meaning &definition
-Is a situation in which a group of people are gathered together to
discuss an issue, often to provide feedback on something, to
2.
8) Field trip
Definition
-A study field is a planned visit to a place away from normal
environment to provide practical knowledge in real situation. It is also
called a study trip or an educational tour.
-The aim of this trip is to observe the subject in its natural state
Advantages
-- The trip itself is fun and creates a bond among those taking part
-- Going where the experts are, and can learn a lot
-- Getting information in person is usually more interesting than getting it
from a book, or from video
-- Social skills are learned when one is exposed to the world
-- Trips are multi-sensory-- visual, audio, tactile, etc...
-- Trips are a model for learning through exploration
Disadvantages
-- An unfocussed trip can be a waste of time
- They cost money
-- They take a lot of organization and effort (but all education should)
-- Participants often tire easily-- if they're unaccustomed to travel
2.
3.
Advantages
Reach large no. of people in short time.
It is very much helpful for illiterate people; the message should be
simple to understand
It helps to show abstract information visually. Pictorial explanation is
better and more effective.(as in flip chart)
Helps to provide up -to date information
Disadvantages
It provides one-way communication.
The communicator cannot be sure of are people sure listening to and
understanding his message
Sometimes there may be language barrier to certain group of people.
Nature of the audience: Proper methods should be used and selected by considering the nature
of audience; we cannot use panel discussion and symposium for
children and newspapers, pamphlets and other written document for
uneducated persons.
We have to select such sorts of methods which will help to fulfill the
objective and needs of the people. It should be selected according to
the interest of the people so that the audience will eagerly participate
6. Audio-visual methods
A- audio-aids method
Radio: Radio is the audio aids through which messages are relayed to a
heterogeneous and large number of people at one time, who are not
physically present before the communicator.
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
Radio transmitter can be carried with and attend the radio health
program anywhere the individual goes.
4.
Disadvantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
The recorded message can be pre -tested before using for actual
teaching session
4.
5.
It can be
electricity supply.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Visual Aids
Poster:
This is pictorial and graphical non-projected visual combination of bold
design, color and message, which is intended to catch attention of
learners from long distance to implant a significant idea in his/her mind.
Sometime, poster is made even without picture, such poster is not useful
for the illiterates, a perfect poster should be good for both literate and
illiterate.
Qualities of poster
A good poster should carry only one unit of message
Colored poster is more natural, attractive and clear
An ideal size of the poster is (6060) cm but it may be different in size.
The picture
Advantages
1. Pictorial and colored posters are attractive and effective.
2. It can be carried easily from one place to another.
3. Can be locally prepared in limited number to meet immediate and local
health education needs
4. Many People can learn something from limited number of posters on
display.
5. Even illiterate people can learn something by looking at the picture of the
poster.
6. Helps to develop creativity of in the learners by involving them in
designing and making posters
7. Can be saved for future use.
Disadvantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pamphlet:The message can be written in the form of poem, song, and diagram. It
can be written in the form of dialogue. It can also be introduced in the
form of leaflets, folders to convey health related message. A pamphlet
should be as brief as possible, it should be not exceed mote that four
pages
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
People can read them at them free time and I\understand the message
well.
7.
It can be kept safely to read again and again, which helps remainder of
the information.
Disadvantages
1.
2.
3.
There is no sure either the people have read and understood the
distributed pamphlets.
4.
Flip chart: It is just like photo album. It is the series of related charts or poster
assembled in a booklet form. It is also called flipbook or turnover chart.
A set of flip chart normally consists of 6-8 charts. A flip chart is mainly
used in classroom teaching, training program, Group teaching in
community etc.
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Disadvantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
Disadvantages
1.
2.
3.
4.