Problem 1.20. A compound tube consists of « steel tube 140 mm internal diameter ‘and 160 mm external diameter and an outer brass tube 160 mm internal diameter and 180 mm external diameter. The two tubes are of the same length. The compound tube carries ‘on axial load of 900 kN. Find the stresses and the load carried by each tube and the amount it a Length of each tube is 140 mm. Take E for steel as 2 x 10° Nimm? and for brass as 1 x 10° Nimm' = 40mm External dia, of steel tube = 160mm + Area of steel tube, A, = J (160? — 140% = 4712.4 mm? Internal dia. of brass tube = 160 mm External dia. of brass tube = 180 mm +: Area of brass tube, Ay = © (180? - 160*) = 5340.7 mm? ‘Axial load carried by compound tube, P = 900 kN = 900 x 1000 = 900000 N Length of each tube, L=140mm E for steel, x 10° Nmm? E for brass, x 105 Nimm* Let Stress in steel in Nimm? and 6, = Stress in brass in Nimm? Now strain in steel = Strain in brass o. (: Strain Stem) E E Eg. 2x10° ; 2 0, = Be xay= BA op 20, @ Now load on steel + Load on brass = Total load or 0,xA,+0,%A, = 900000 (2 Load = Stress x Area) or 29,x4712.4 +0, x 6340.7 = 900000 (: 9,=20) or 147655 0, = 900000 . 900000 _ # a, = 200000 = 60.95 Nima". Ans. Substituting the value of p, in equation (i), we get o, = 260,95 = 121.9 Nimm?. Ans, Load carried by brass tube = Stress x Area = 0, XA, = 60.95 x 5340.7 N = 325515 N= 925.515 KN. Ans, Load carried by stool tube 900 — 325.515 = 574.485 KN. Ans. Decrease in the length of the compound tube Decrease in length of either of the tubes Decrease in length of brass tube Strain in brass tube x Original length » , _ 6095 . Be 2 Tx aor * 40 = 0.0853 mm. Ans.Problem 8.13. Determine the diameter of a solid steel shaft which will transmit 90 KW at 160 r.p.m. Also determine the length of the shaft if he twist must not exceed 1° over the entire length. The maximum shear stress is limited 10 60 N/mm?. Take the value of modulus of rigidity = 8 x 10° N/mm? Sol. Given : Power, P=90kW=90x10°W Speed, N=160rp.m. . oe LE oa Angle of twist, = 1° or ison ( Max. shear stress, f, = 60 N/mm? Modulus of rigidity, C = 8 x 10* N/mm? Let D = Diameter of the shaft and L = Length of the shaft. (@) Diameter of the shaft Using equation (8.7), P ox 90x 10= 2ExIOXT 60 90 x 10° x 60 2x x 160 = $371.48 N-m = 5371.48 x 10° N-mm T= Now using equation (8.4), T= : [D> or 5371 48% 10° = 75 x 60 x D? px 5371.48 x 10° 16 = 455945 ax60 D = (455945)!5 = 76.8 mm. Ans, (ii) Length of the shaft Using equation (8.7), or or RaW 8 «dnt ee) ia "in ) 8x 10*x xx 768 or 1. 60 x 180 x 2 = 893.6mm. Ans.44508 sss ‘878 Bending (en) Moment &Example 4.4 A cast iron beam has an I-section with top flange 80.mm = 40 mm, web 120 mm = 20 mm and bottom flange 160 mm = 40 mm. If tensile stress is not to exceed 30N/mm? and compressive stress 90N/mm?, what is the maximum uniformly distributed load the beam can carry over a simply Supported span of 6 m if the larger flange is in tension? hr» — 8 20 | de Solution ‘The cross-section of the beam is as shown in Fig. 4.17. Let Y bethe digance of centroid (hence Neutral axis) from bottom fibre. Then |} 1 | ' pn Ee \ 8040x180 -+120%20> 100 +160%40%20 80x40 +120x 20+ 160x 40 944000 Soo 7786667 peta? +80 x 40 (180 ~ 78.6667)? + px 20%120" +20x120(100 78.6667)" + 7 *160%40? +160%40(20-78.6667)? = 60138670mm‘ “Tension occurs at bottom and compression at top. Extreme fibre distances of top and bottom fibres are 18.6667 mm = 200-7 =121.3333mm capacity considering tensile strength fart y 60138670 "78.6667 = 22934229kN-m Moment carrying capacity from compression stress consideration, “Sel 60138670 121335 = = 40608366 kN —m ‘Actual moment carrying capecity ofthe section is smaller of the above two i ‘moment carrying capacity ofthe section = 22.934229 kN-m, Max. bending moment in a simply supported beam of span 6 m due to udl of 62 wkIN/m is - ae =45w =30 22934224N—mm =90* = 44608366 A/mm. ‘Equating it to the moment carrying capacity, we get load carrying capacity w as 4.Sw= 22934229 w= S.096SEN/m (Ans)Problem 9.20. On a mild steel plate, a circle of diameter 50 mm is drawn before the plate is stressed as shown in Fig. 3.17. Find the lengths of the major and minor axes of an ellipse formed as a result of the deformation of the circle marked. Take E = 2x 105 Nimm? and ‘Sol. Given : Major tensile stress, 0, = 80 Némm? ‘Minor tensile stress, ¢, = 20 N/mm? Shear stress, © = 40. Nim? Value of E = 2x10 Nimm? ‘Major principal stress is given by equation (3.15). Major principal stress a Ht, 58) +2 = 8 2 7 80+20, 00-20)" oe = eR (2) a0 = 50+ [39 + 49? =50 + 50 = 100 N/mm* (tensile) Minor principal stress > Sito, (o-o) , 2 = Sik. +0 2 2 ) 80+20 [2 20)" 5 402 3 2 } +40 = 50 - 50 =0. From Fig. 3.17, it is clear that diagonal BD will be elongated and diagonal AC will be shortened. Hence the circle will become an ellipse whose major axis will be along BD and minor axis along AC as shown in Fig. 3.17.The major principal stress acts along BD and minor principal stress along AC.ss Strain along BD Major principal stress _ Minor principal stress * E mE 100 0 2x10° 2x10°x4 1 2000 Tnerease in diameter along BD = Strain along BD x Dia. of hole 1 = gpg *50~ 0.025 mm Strain along AC 2x10” 4x2x10° oe (ve sign shows that there is a decrease in length) Decrease in length of diameter along AC = Strain along AC x Dia. of hole 1 x50 = 0.00625 mm = The circle will bocome an ellipse whose major axis will be 50 + 0.025 = 50.025 mm and minor axis will be 50 ~ 0.00625 = 49.99375 mm. Problem 2.50. An I-section beam 350 mm x 150mm has a web thickness of 10mmand flange thickness of 20 mm. Ifthe shear force acting on the section is 40kN, find the maximum ‘shear stress developed in the I-section. Sol. Given : Overall depth, D= 350mm ine a, Overall width, ‘50. mm 20mm Webthickness, 6 = 10mm it Flange thickness, = 20mm «Depth of web, d= 350 - (2x 20) = $10 mm Shear force on the section, F=40kN=40,000N. § £ ‘. Moment of inertia ofthesection about neutral axis, g © r= Moxeee! 140 x 310° mm‘ al home = 55937500 - 247561666.6 Zz = 188375833.4 mm. arc Maximum shear stress is given by equation (2.21) + ; «=F [Bmtod”) , bd® Fig. 2.90 * me Txb| 8 8 - 3107) , 10x 310" 188975833.4%10 8 8 40000 [soe = .00n021204{ (122500 - 96100) + 120125] = 13.06 Nimm*. Ans. Alternate Method ‘The maximum shear stress developed in the I-section will be at the neutral axis, This shear stress is given by,FRAXy, Txb where F = 40,000N Ax 5 = Moment of the area above the neutral axis about the neutral axis = Area of flange x Distance of C.G. of the area of flange from neutral axis + Area of web above neutral axis x Distance of the C.G. of this area from neutral axis ‘310 , 20) (310 310 1 = (150 20) «(32.5 2) «(30 10) «(32 3) = 8000 x 165 + 1550 77.5 = 495000 + 120125 = 615125 mm? 1 = Moment of inertia of the whole section about neutral axis, = 188375833.4mm' (Already Calculated) +b = Width of the web at neutral axis =10mm __ ~ 40,000 615125 imax” 188375833.4 x10 ~1*06N/mm?. Ane.25.000(, , 2-20 a ‘Ahsllow steel strut hinged a both encs has an outsie dameter of 6¢ mm, an inside dameter Example lnm ands 24 mong The lnc pa cote aus Waseca. Deere he maximum ralue of ecceercty# he exppling lod s 70% of Eulervalve.The ye ses s 300 Ma and = 205 GPa. Solution Given A hollow stel strut hinged at both ends d= 32mm © au. 300 MP sal sersor ness To find Maximum eccentricity if crippling load is 70% of Euler load 1500 ans = 6458 = 388? r Euler load WEI _ nx 205000 x147 9007 z 2400 Actual load for failure 163 211 x 0.7 = 114 237N Euler load, P, = = 163 211 Applying secant formula att [Py 2°“ IVE 2 = see 1314 = see 73.3°= 3.94 im x39) or 104491 +0297e) or 1+0.297e=2871 oF e=63n