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Advanced Computer Analysis of Power System Control and Power Electronics Transients
Advanced Computer Analysis of Power System Control and Power Electronics Transients
EMTDC/PSCAD (INTRODUCTION)
TELNET
Assume you are using X machine which does not have the EMTDC license and want to telnet to Y machine
X:/home/ loginname > xhost Y
X:/home/ loginname > telnet Y
X:/home/ loginname > setenv DISPLAY X:0.0
Y:/home/ loginname > PSCAD &
XWINDOWS
A trial version of Xwindows can be downloaded from http://www.starnet.com.
There is a two hour usage limit.
EMTDC/PSCAD INTERFACE
Matlab
Excel
EMTDC STRUCTURE
Multiple Run Loop
Initialization
PSCAD/DRAFT MODULE
Collection of components or circuits can be dragged from library palette
into drawing canvas to assembly a circuit.
Network Components:
RLC components, Transformers with saturation, Frequency dependent
transmission lines cables, synchronous machines, induction motors with exciter
governor and turbine models, faults, breakers, surge arresters, current voltage
sources, multiple harmonic injectors
Power Electronics Components:
Thyristors, diodes, GTOs, HVDC valve group, SVS and FACTS devices
Control Blocks:
Derivative, delay, differential lag, integrator, limit, complex pole, real pole, lead
lag, filter, amplifier, switch and Boolen functions
Meters:
Voltmeters, ammetters, real reactive power meters, peak detectors, phase angle and
frequency meters
PSCAD/DRAFT MODULE
The components can be rotated mirrored, selected, deselected, grouped, moved
copied, cut or pasted. The wires can be resized.
User components can be created
Subsystems
Meters to measure electrical quantities
Output Channels to plot measured quantities
Operator controlled inputs (slider, push button, etc.) to provide interactive control
during a simulation
Miniature Pallets for navigation
Circuit can be loaded, saved from batch pull down menu, and
can be either printed to a file in postscript format or to a printer
Circuit compilation conducts a sanitary check and creates files for RUNTIME module.
If there is any warning or errors, diagnostic message pops up after compilation
PSCAD/RUNTIME MODULE
Console setting is performed from create pull down menu
plots and meters to display the monitored outputs
slider, push buttons to interactively control the inputs during the simulation run
Plots can be zoomed, scaled or resized.
Three curves into one graph and 5 graphs into one plot
Plot and output time output step can be reentered
Pressing a single menu button, simulation is started. The simulation then can be paused,
single stepped, resumed or stopped.
After initialization process (reaching to a steady state, a snapshot file can be created.
Filename.out is created to document, print or analyze the results using MULTIPLOT.
Repeated simulations are created using Multiple runs feature
Double precision to avoid numerical instability
PSCAD/MULTIPLOT MODULE
This module is used for documentation and analysis of the results.
Fourier Analysis
Waveform Calculator
Graph formatting and labeling
Flexible layout
Files of Filename.out and Filename.inf are needed to plot the monitored outputs
Can be printed to a file in .ps format or a printer.
Output file can be processed using any other software once the correspondence of
each column is known.
EMTDC/TYPICAL STUDIES
Find overvoltages in a power system due to a lightning strike. This simulation would be
performed with a very small time step (nano-seconds).
Find the harmonics generated by a SVC, HVDC link, STATCOM, machine drive (virtually
any power electronic device). Detailed models for thyristors, GTO, IGBT, diodes.. are
required, as are detailed models of the associated control systems (both analogue and digital).
Find maximum energy in a surge arrester for a given disturbance.
Tune and design control systems for maximum performance. Multiple run facilities are often
used here as well to automatically adjust gains and time constants.
Investigate the pulsing effects of diesel engines and wind turbines on the electric network.
Insulation coordination.
Variable speed drives of various types including cycloconverters and transportation and ship
drives.
Industrial systems including compensation controllers, drives, electric furnaces, filters, etc.
Feeds to isolated loads.
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GVrms3
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3 P hase
R MSGVrms3
6.6
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Ib3
Ic3
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B
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Gb3
C
w Tm
Gc3
GT M3
WOUT 3
Tm
de3
vre2
GVrms2
EF2
Ef If
DG2
Te2
Ia2
Ib2
Ic2
Ga2
B
Te
Gb2
C
w Tm
Gc2
GT M2
WOUT 2
Tm
PSCAD/EMTDC
System
3 P hase
R MSGVrms2
6.6
de2
GVrms1
EF1
Ef If
DG1
Te1
A
Ga1
Te
Ia1
Ib1
Ic1
GVrms1
MQOUT1
- D
0.0
M1
cc1
If Ef
A
Va1
Te
Gc1
GT M1
WOUT 1
w Tm
Ctrl
B
Gb1
Tm
1 = Ctrl
ME F 1
vre1
3 P hase
R MSGVrms1
TIME
6.6
Tm w
MTE1
MPOUT1
Tm
MTm1
W1
de1
p1
Vref
voltage Vgen
regulator
ND exciter
GVrms
QEXC
Ef
B
Ctrl
EF
A
DG
GT M
WOUT
w Tm
Tm
diesel
engine
Gc
Ia
V
fo
GVrms
A
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C
Tm
ND
A
Ga
Te
QEXC
P
+
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ME F
6.6
3 P hase
R MS GVrms
TIME
1 = Ctrl
A
cc
B
C
A
Va
If Ef
M
Te
C
Tm w
Tm
Tm
MTm
Ww
prop
MTE
MQOUT
D
0.0
ship
P
D
F
Vgen
*
2.0
+
F
sT
1 + sT
sT
G
vfe 1 + sT ife
*
.2322 KPhi
vae
*
.5
D +vae
F
*
0.001QEXCp
if
KPhi
KPhi
ife
*
.10472
ND
Voltage Regulator
And
Exciter Model
vfe
*
0.10
*
400
D
Vref
if
vfrp
QDSS
D ++
514.0
NREF
*
.53
1
sT
D +F
QEXC
Min
FR
QDSS
D
NREF
D
NREF
F
ND
*
1.36343
w
Engine
And
Governor
Models
QGEN
*
.47
nnon
P
N/D
I
sT
Bag
+
+
D
+
F
*
7.35 FRp
*
0.005234
Tm
Cycloconverter Model
(Frequency Selected)
*
.8165
Vina
fo
GIa
L+
gr
GIb
GIc
L+
GVc
Vinc GVb
L+
Vinb GVa
*
0.1666667
V Vop
Vouta
Voa
R=0
Voutb
Vob
Voutc
Voc
A1
GVa B1
GVb C1
GVc
D
IPF
N/D
= Ctrl
Ctrl
= Ctrl
Ctrl
IPFm
*
3.0
ccsw
0.47
ICCccsw
GPhm
MIrmso
*
.3333
Low pass
Butterwth
Order = 3
Ctrl
ccsw
Cos
N
P
*
1.732
C2
VslashA VslashA
IPF
*
.577
B2
GPhm
N/D
= Ctrl
A2
Phase
Difference
N/D
MPF
MIrms