Vp Electronics

Winter Training
Presentation
INVERTERS
REPORT BY: URVASHI KHANDELWAL
CONTENT
 INVERTER
Goals of a well designed inverter
Application
Types of power converter
Introduction to inverters
Properties of an ideal inverter
Block diagram of an inverter
Pulse Width Modulation
Inverter operation
INVERTER
Goals of a well designed inverter
Applications
Types of power converters
 Introduction TO INVERTERS

• It is a type of power converter that

changes direct current (DC) to
alternating current(AC)
• Inverters take dc from a battery
(etc) and convert it electronically to
ac power.

An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to

alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and
frequency with the use of appropriate switching, and control circuits. The
inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar
panels or fuel cells to AC electricity.
Properties of an ideal inverter

• Dc input is free of ripple

• Ac output is sinusoidal or
has a controllable wave
shape
Block diagram of Inverter OR what
does an inverter do
 PWM(pulse width modulation)
• It is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal.
• The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a
switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to
the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of
voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital
controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.
• The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or
'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most
of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.
 Inverter OPERATION

• Inverters are classified by their ac output

waveform.

1. Square wave
2. Modified sine wave
3. True sine wave
Inverter operation
 Sine wave Inverter

• Good accuracy
• Less power loss
• Complex design
• More expensive
• Pure sine wave
The electrical circuit of a pure sine wave inverter is far more complex than a
square wave or modified sine wave inverter. Another way to obtain a sine
output is to obtain a square wave output from a square wave inverter and
then modify this output to achieve a pure sine wave. A pure sine wave inverter
has several advantages.

• More efficiency, hence consumes less power.

• They can be adjusted according to your personal power requirements,

since several types are available with different power outputs.
• Modified sine wave
A Modified sine wave shows some pauses before the phase shifting of the wave,
i.e. unlike a square it does not shift its phase abruptly from positive to negative, or
unlike a sine wave, does not make a smooth transition from positive to negative, but
takes brief pauses and then shifts its phase.
Modified sine wave application
• electric blankets
• computers
• motor-driven appliances
• toasters
• coffee makers
• most stereos
• ink jet printers
• refrigerators
• TVs
• microwave ovens, etc.
Pure sine wave application
• digital clocks
• some battery chargers
• most light dimmer
• some battery operated gadgets that recharge in an AC receptacle
• some chargers for hand tools
 Square wave inverter

• Cheap
• Very poor regulation
• Produce large amounts of RFI
• Large amounts of harmonics
• Very rough AC
• Often used for small appliances e.g. fluro lights
Very few but the very cheapest inverters any
more are square wave. A square wave inverter
will run simple things like tools with universal motors with no problem -
but not much else. These are seldom seen any more except in small, very
cheap or very old inverters.
Application of square wave inverter

• low cost AC motor drives like UPS

• induction heating units
• electronic ballasts
• fluorescent lamps
THANK YOU