Professional Documents
Culture Documents
,qwurgxzfadr DR: 5 6Dpsdlr (&dwdogr 5 5ltxhoph
,qwurgxzfadr DR: 5 6Dpsdlr (&dwdogr 5 5ltxhoph
DR DR
0$7/$%
5 6DPSDLR ( &DWDOGR 5 5LTXHOPH
,QWURGXz
Fa
DR
2 0$7/$% uH XPD OLQJXDJHP GH SURJUDPDzFaDR H XPD IHUUDPHQWD GH FuDOFXOR
7RGRV RV SURJUDPDV Va
DR DEHUWRV LVWR uH R DOJRULWPR XVDGR QD VROXzFaDR GH XP SUREOH
PD uH FRQKHFLGR H SRGH VHU PRGLnFDGR (VWH IDWR uH WDOYH] D PDLRU YLUWXGH GR 0$7
/$% SRLV SRVVLELOLWRX TXH IRVVHP SUHSDUDGRV YuDULRV DSOLFDWLYRV RV WRROER[HV XVDQGR D
SODWDIRUPD 0$7/$% FRPR EDVH 7HPRV DSOLFDWLYRV HP uDUHDV FRPR FRQWUROH DQuDOLVH
GH VLQDLV HTXDzFaRHV GLIHUHQFLDLV SDUFLDLV UREu
RWLFD DQu
DOLVH PRGDO nQDQzFDV HVWDWurVWLFD H
Yu
DULDV RXWUDV
(QTXDQWR TXH R SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO GR 0$7/$% GHSHQGH GD SODWDIRUPD 8QL[
:LQGRZV 0DFLQWRVK RV DUTXLYRV P TXH FRQVWLWXHP RV DSOLFDWLYRV Va
DR LQGHSHQGHQWHV
GD SODWDIRUPD H SRGHP VHU IDFLOPHQWH FRQYHUWLGRV GH XPD SODWDIRUPD SDUD D RXWUD
2 0$7/$% uH PXLWR IuDFLO GH DSUHQGHU IuDFLO GH XWLOL]DU H TXDQGR EHP XWLOL]DGR
u WDPEuHP XPD IHUUDPHQWD SURnVVLRQDO XVDGD
DXPHQWD HP PXLWR D SURGXWLYLGDGH (
PXQGLDOPHQWH SULQFLSDOPHQWH SRU HQJHQKHLURV VREUHWXGR SHORV TXH WAHP FRQWDWR FRP
WUDEDOKRV H[SHULPHQWDLV
$ PHOKRU IRUPD GH DSUHQGHU R 0$7/$% uH XVDQGRR $ H[SHULAHQFLD PRVWUD TXH
XPD YH] YHQFLGR R DFDQKDPHQWR LQLFLDO R PHGR GH HQIUHQWDU DOJR QRYR R WUDEDOKR VH
WRUQD DJUu
DGDYHO H QD YHUGDGH YLFLD
0DQXDLV FRPR HVWH TXH DJRUD YRFH OAH VaDR X
uWHLV QR LQurFLR GD DSUHQGL]DJHP SDUD
TXH VH WRPH FRQVFLAHQFLD GRV SUREOHPDV H VH DGTXLUD XPD EDJDJHP GH FRQKHFLPHQWRV
VXnFLHQWH SDUD TXH VH SURVVLJD VR]LQKR DSUHQGHQGR SRU WHQWDWLYDV HUUDQGR DWuH DFHUWDU
2 HVWu
DJLR TXH JRVWDUurDPRV TXH WRGRV DOFDQzFDVVHP uH DTXHOH HP TXH VH uH FDSD] GH FRQV
WUXLU DSOLFDWLYRV ID]HQGR RV SURJUDPDV QD SODWDIRUPD 0$7/$% 2 TXH SURFXUDPRV
ID]HU QHVWH PDQXDO IRL PRVWUDU FRPR HVWH SURFHVVR GH WHQWDWLYDV IXQFLRQD 7HQWDPRV
GHVFUHYHU FRPR RV FRPDQGRV SRGHP VHU DSUHQGLGRV 1a
DR DSHQDV D VLQWD[H TXH SRGH
VHPSUH VHU EXVFDGD FRP RV FRPDQGRV KHOS ORRNIRU H RXWURV PDV WDPEuHP LQIRUPDzFaDR GH
FRPR DV YDUurDYHLV VaDR DUPD]HQDGDV H GH FRPR ID]HU SDUD XVDU R 0$7/$% DFRSODGR D
XP RXWUR SURJUDPD
5XEHQV 6DPSDLR
(GVRQ &DWDOGR
5REHUWR 5LTXHOPH
38&5LR
UVDPSDLR#PHFSXFULREU
38&5LR 8))
HFDWDOGR#PHFSXFULREU
38&5LR 8 GH &RQFHSFLuRQ
UULTXHOP#PHFSXFULREU
u,QGLFH
&RPDQGRV %u
DVLFRV GR 0$7/$%
(QWUDQGR QR 0$7/$%
3ULPHLURV SDVVRV
2 &RPDQGR IRU
([HPSORV
2SHUDGRUHV UHODFLRQDLV H FRQHFWLYRV OuRJLFRV
2 FRPDQGR ZKLOH
([HPSOR
2 FRPDQGR LI
2 FRPDQGR FOHDU
([HPSOR
([HPSOR
2 FRPDQGR SORW
([HPSOR
9DORU QXPuHULFR H ]HURV GH SROLQA
RPLRV
3URJUDPDQGR HP 0$7/$%
3ULPHLURV SURJUDPDV
3URJUDPDV LQWHUDWLYRV
=HURV GH IXQzFaRHV
&DOFXODQGR ,QWHJUDLV
5HJUD WUDSH]RLGDO
5HJUD GH 6LPSVRQ
'LIHUHQzFD HQWUH IXQzFD
aR H URWHLUR
2 FRPDQGR JOREDO
5HVROYHQGR HTXDzFRaHV GLIHUHQFLDLV
3AHQGXOR VLPSOHV OLQHDUL]DGR
6LVWHPD PDVVDPRODDPRUWHFHGRU
)D]HQGR PDLV GH XP JUuDnFR QD PHVPD WHOD
*UuDnFRV HP '
u
,1',&(
2XWURV FRPDQGRV
)RUPDWR GH VDurGD
&RPDQGR GLDU\
&RPDQGRV VDYH H ORDG
&RPDQGR FSXWLPH
2 FRPDQGR ISULQWI
([HPSOR
&DSurWXOR
&RPDQGRV %u
DVLFRV GR 0$7/$%
(QWUDQGR QR 0$7/$%
4XDQGR YRFAH HQWUD SHOD SULPHLUD YH] QR 0$7/$%R VurPEROR !! DSDUHFH QD WHOD
FKDPDGR GH SURPSW GR 0$7/$% (VWH VurPEROR LQGLFD TXH YRFAH SRGH HVFUHYHU XP
FRPDQGR 2V FRPDQGRV HP 0$7/$% SRGHP WHUPLQDU FRP
RX QaDR 4XDQGR XP
FRPDQGR WHUPLQD FRP
HOH uH H[HFXWDGR PDV RV FRQWHu
XGRV GDV YDULu
DYHLV HQYROYLGDV
Qa
DR Va
DR PRVWUDGRV QD WHOD 6H YRFAH GHVHMD ROKDU RV FRQWHu
XGRV GDV YDULu
DYHLV Dt PHGLGD
TXH R SURJUDPD HVWu
D VHQGR H[HFXWDGR HQWa
DR GHYH RPLWLU R
1HVWH FDSurWXOR PRVWUDPRV RV FRPDQGRV EuDVLFRV GR 0$7/$% 'LVFXWLPRV D IRUPD
FRP TXH R 0$7/$% DUPD]HQD RV GDGRV H FRPR HOHV SRGHP VHU WUDEDOKDGRV
3ULPHLURV SDVVRV
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!! W
REWHPRV R Qu
XPHUR
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!! 7 > @
REWHPRV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! 7
RX
!! IRU Q
7Q Q
HQG
'HYHPRV REVHUYDU TXH R 0$7/$% uH RWLPL]DGR SDUD WUDEDOKDU FRP PDWUL]HV SRU
u PDLV YDJDURVD TXH D SULPHLUD
LVVR D VHJXQGD IRUPD QaDR uH D LGHDO(
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!!ZKRV
WHPRV LQIRUPDzFaDR VREUH R TXH HVWuD DUPD]HQDGR QD PHPuRULD UHODWLYR Dt VHzFDaR TXH
HVWDPRV WUDEDOKDQGR
1DPH
7
W
6L]H
E\
E\
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
1R
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!!7
DQV
u ERP QRWDU TXH QHVWH FDVR FRPR QaDR GHPRV XP QRPH SDUD D YDULuDYHO TXH
(
DUPD]HQD D UHVSRVWD R 0$7/$% DWULEXL R QRPH
DQV
D HVWD YDULuDYHO
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!![ VLQW
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
HP UDGLDQRV
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!!\ VLQ7
DVVRFLDPRV tD \ R YHWRU GH FRPSULPHQWR TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DR YDORU GR VHQR GH
FDGD HOHPHQWR GR YHWRU 7
&ROXPQV
&ROXPQV
WKURXJK
WKURXJK
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!!D
7
FRQVWUXLPRV R YHWRU
D
IRUPDGR SRU WRGRV RV HOHPHQWR GR YHWRU 7 PXOWLSOLFDGR
SRU
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!! T 7A
WHPRV
q 2 0$7/$% RSHUD FRP QuXPHURV FRPSOH[RV GD PHVPD IRUPD TXH FRP QuXPHURV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! D L
!! E L
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! H DE
REWHPRV D VRPD GH
H
^
FRP
L
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! J D
E
REWHPRV R SURGXWR GH
J
^
SRU
L
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! I DE
REWHPRV D GLYLVa
DR GH
I
^
SRU
L
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! K DEVE
REWHPRV R PuRGXOR GH
K
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! G DQJOHD
REWHPRV R DUJXPHQWR GR Qu
XPHUR FRPSOH[R
YDOR > { {@
G
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! F FRQMD
REWHPRV R FRQMXJDGR GH
L
q 0RVWUDPRV D VHJXLU XPD WDEHOD FRP DV IXQzFRaHV PDLV FRPXQV TXH RSHUDP HVVHQ
FLDOPHQWH VREUH HVFDODUHV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
VLQ
FRV
WDQ
DVLQ
DFRV
DWDQ
H[S
ORJQDWXUDO
UHPUHVWR
DEV
VTUW
VLJQ
q 0RVWUDPRV D VHJXLU XPD WDEHOD FRP DV IXQzFRaHV PDLV FRPXQV TXH RSHUDP HVVHQ
FLDOPHQWH VREUH YHWRUHV OLQKD RX FROXQD 3RGHP DLQGD RSHUDU VREUH PDWUL]HV
d w RSHUDQGR FROXQD D FROXQD
P
Q P
OHQJWK
DEV
PD[
PLQ
VXP
SURG
PHDQ
VWG
QRUP
VRUW
Qu
XPHUR GH FRPSRQHQWHV GH XP YHWRU
PuRGXOR GDV FRPSRQHQWHV GH XP YHWRU
PDLRU FRPSRQHQWH GH XP YHWRU
PHQRU FRPSRQHQWH GH XP YHWRU
D VRPD GDV FRPSRQHQWHV GH XP YHWRU
SURGXWR GDV FRPSRQHQWHV GH XP YHWRU
PuHGLD GDV FRPSRQHQWHV GH XP YHWRU
GHVYLR SDGUaDR GDV FRPSRQHQWHV GH XP YHWRU FRP UHVSHLWR tD PuHGLD
QRUPD HXFOLGLDQD GR YHWRU
RUGHQD R YHWRU HP RUGHP FUHVFHQWH
q &RP R FRPDQGR
VRUW
RSHUD VREUH
DEVD
!!FOHDU
OLPSDPRV D PHPuRULD GR 0$7/$% (VWH FRPDQGR uH WUDWDGR FRP PDLV GHWDOKH
QD VHzFaDR
q &RP R FRPDQGR
!! $ > @
REWHPRV
q 'DGDV DV PDWUL]HV
!! $ > @
!! % > @
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! $
OLVWDPRV D SULPHLUD FROXQD GD PDWUL] $
DQV
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! $
OLVWDPRV D VHJXQGD OLQKD GD PDWUL] $
DQV
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! $
REWHPRV R YDORU QD SRVLzFaDR GD PDWUL] $
DQV
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! & $
%
REWHPRV R SURGXWR GH $ SRU %
&
q 3DUD ID]HU RSHUDzFaRHV SRQWXDLV FRP PDWUL]HV HODV GHYHP WHU D PHVPD GLPHQVaDR
3RU H[HPSOR GDGDV DV PDWUL]HV
!! $ > @
!! % > @
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! & $A
REWHPRV D PDWUL] IRUPDGD SHORV TXDGUDGRV GRV HOHPHQWRV
&
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! ' $ %
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
'
q 'DGD D PDWUL]
!! $ > @
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! I GHW$
REWHPRV R GHWHUPLQDQWH GH $
I
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! U UDQN$
REWHPRV R SRVWR GH $
U
^
&RP R FRPDQGR
!!
7 $
REWHPRV D WUDQVSRVWD GH $
2 FRPDQGR GH WUDQVSRVLzFaDR
TXDQGR DSOLFDGR D XPD PDWUL] FRPSOH[D &
IRUQHFH D DGMXQWD GH & LVWR uH D FRQMXJDGD GD WUDQVSRVWD &x W 3DUD WURFDU
OLQKDV SRU FROXQDV GH XPD PDWUL] FRPSOH[D & WHPRV TXH GDU R FRPDQGR
!! FRQM&
3RU H[HPSOR FRP RV FRPDQGRV
L
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! ' &
REWHPRV
'
L
&
&RP R FRPDQGR
!!
) LQY$
REWHPRV D LQYHUVD GH $
2 FRPDQGR
!!
>9'@ HLJ$
SURGX] XPD PDWUL] GLDJRQDO ' GH DXWRYDORUHV H XPD PDWUL] 9 FXMDV FROXQDV
Va
DR RV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV DXWRYHWRUHV WDO TXH $
9 9
'
L
L
!!
>869@
VYG$
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! >/8@ OX$
uH XPD PDWUL] WULDQJXODU VXSHULRU H / uH XPD PDWUL] TXDVH WULDQJXODU
LQIHULRULVWR uH VHULD XPD PDWUL] WULDQJXODU LQIHULRU VH $ IRVVH VXEVWLWXLGD
SRU 3 $ RQGH 3 uH XPD PDWUL] GH SHUPXWDzFaDR $ UD]aDR GLVWR WHP D YHU FRP
D HVFROKD GR SLYAR H Qa
DR VHUu
D GLVFXWLGR DTXL 2XWUD IRUPD GHVWH FRPDQGR uH
8
!! >/83@ OX$
uH XPD PDWUL] WULDQJXODU VXSHULRU / XPD PDWUL] WULDQJXODU LQIHULRU H 3
XPD PDWUL] GH SHUPXWDzFaDR WDO TXH 3 $ /8 &RQVLGHUHPRV RV VHJXLQWHV
H[HPSORV
e &RP RV FRPDQGRV
!! $ > @
!! >/8@ OX$
2EWHPRV
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! >/83@ OX$
REWHPRV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! $ > @
!! >/8@ OX$
2EWHPRV
FRP R FRPDQGR
!! >/83@ OX$
REWHPRV
!! ; SLQY$
; uH XPD PDWUL] FRP D PHVPD GLPHQVaDR GH $W H WDO TXH
L $ ; $ $
LL; $ ; ; H
LLL $ ; H ; $ VaDR +HUPLWLDQDV &RP RV FRPDQGRV
e e
e e
e
!! $ > @
!! ; SLQY$
REWHPRV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! % > @
%
!! ;% SLQY%
;%
!! & > @
&
!! ;& SLQY&
;&
b b
!! $ > @
!! % > @
!! & >$ ]HURV ]HURV %@
REWHPRV
&$3u
,78/2
&
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! ' %
H REWHPRV
'
0DWUL] LGHQWLGDGH
&RP R FRPDQGR
!!H\H
REWHPRV
DQV
0DWUL] GH ]HURV
&RP R FRPDQGR
!! ]HURV
REWHPRV
DQV
!! RQHV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
REWHPRV
DQV
!! UDQG
REWHPRV
DQV
$ E
E $
e
e
uH D VROXzFaDR GH $
uH D VROXzFaDR GH [
E
H UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
1D GLYLVa
DR tD HVTXHUGD VH $ IRU TXDGUDGD [ uH FDOFXODGR ID]HQGR HOLPLQDzFaDR
JDXVVLDQD GH $ H UHWURVXEVWLWXLzFaDR RX VHMD $ uH IDWRUDGD QD IRUPD /8 2 VLVWHPD
nFD /8 [
E H SDUD UHVROYHU HVWH VLVWHPD FDOFXODPRV \ GR VLVWHPD /\
3E H
HQWaDR [ GR VLVWHPD 8 [ \ 6H D PDWUL] $ QaDR IRU TXDGUDGDR 0$7/$% XWLOL]D
D RUWRJRQDOL]DzFaDR GH +RXVHKROGHU FRP SLYRWDPHQWR GH FROXQDV 2 YDORU GH [ uH
FDOFXODGR SHOR PuHWRGR GRV PurQLPRV TXDGUDGRV $ GLYLVa
DR tD GLUHLWD uH UHDOL]DGD D
SDUWLU GD HVTXHUGD LVWR uH E $ $ E &RQVLGHUHPRV RV H[HPSORV D VHJXLU
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
[ \ ]
[
\ ]
[
\ ]
b
b
!! $ > @
!! E >@
!! ; $?E
$ UHVSRVWD REWLGD uH
$;
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
3DUD DFKDU D
!! ; LQY$
E
RX
!! ; SLQY$ E
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
[ \ ]
[
\ ]
[\ ]
$;
E
!! $ > @
!! E >@
!! ; $?E
$ UHVSRVWD REWLGD uH
,QI
,QI
,QI
1HVWH FDVR D PDWUL] $ uH VLQJXODU $WuH DJRUD QaDR VDEHPRV VH R VLVWHPD WHP
RX QaDR VROXzFDaR 3DUD VDEHU VH R VLVWHPD WHP RX Qa
DR VROXzFaDR XVDUHPRV D
LQYHUVD JHQHUDOL]DGD H R FRQFHLWR GH HUUR L H GHnQLPRV
H
-
$;
W
H H
VROXzFaDR
GR SUREOHPD OLQHDU $;
E 3DUD TXH SRVVDPRV HQWHQGHU HVVHV
SUREOHPDV IDzFDPRV
!! ; SLQY$ E
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
REWHPRV
!! H E$
;
!! - H
H
REWHPRV
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
b
b
[
[
]
\ ]
\ ]
1HVWH FDVR
,QI
,QI
,QI
!! ; SLQY$
E
REWHPRV
!! H E$
;
!! - H
H
REWHPRV
H
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
\
b
b
[
\
\
1HVWH FDVR
!! ; SLQY$
E
REWHPRV
!! H E$
;
!! - H
H
REWHPRV
H
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
\
[ \
[ \
[
1HVWH FDVR
&$3u
,78/2
;
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
!! ; SLQY$
E
REWHPRV
!! H E$
;
!! - H
H
REWHPRV
H
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
\
[ \
[ \
[
1HVWH FDVR
!! ; SLQY$
E
REWHPRV
!! H E$
;
!! - H
H
WRO
H
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
H REWHPRV
2 &RPDQGR IRU
$ VLQWD[H GR FRPDQGR
IRU
uH GDGD SRU
IRU L YLLQYI
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
HQG
RQGH YL LQ YI Va
DR YDORU LQLFLDO LQFUHPHQWR H YDORU nQDO GD YDULuDYHO HVFDODU L
([HPSORV
q FRP RV FRPDQGRV
!![
!! IRU L
[ >[ LA@
HQG
!! [
2EWHPRV
&ROXPQV
&ROXPQV
WKURXJK
WKURXJK
q 3RGHPRV ID]HU
!! IRU Q
>@
HQG
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
1HVWH FDVR Q FRPHzFD HP uH GHFUHPHQWDGR GH DWuH FKHJDU D 'HYHPRV
QRWDU TXH R LQFUHPHQWR SRGH VHU QHJDWLYR QHVWH FDVR GHFUHPHQWR H TXH R X
u OWLPR
YDORU TXH Q DVVXPH QHVWH H[HPSOR uH
2V RSHUDGRUHV UHODFLRQDLV Va
DR GDGRV SRU
PHQRU TXH
PDLRU TXH
PHQRU RX LJXDO D
PDLRU RX LJXDO D
LJXDO D
GLIHUHQWH GH
!
!
z
2V FRQHFWLYRV Ou
RJLFRV Va
DR GDGRV SRU
H
RX
QaDR
RX H[FOXGHQWH
M
z
[RU
2 FRPDQGR ZKLOH
UHODz
Fa
DR
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
HQG
$V LQWUXzFaRHV Va
DR H[HFXWDGDV HQTXDQWR D UHODzFDaR IRU YHUGDGHLUD
ZKLOH
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
([HPSOR
!!Q
!!ZKLOH Q Q Q
HQG
1HVWH FDVR R YDORU nQDO GH Q uH
2 FRPDQGR LI
UHODz
Fa
DR
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
HQG
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
9E
UHODz
Fa
DR
E
E
)
$V LQVWUXzFaRHV VaDR H[HFXWDGDV VH D UHODzFaDR IRU YHUGDGHLUD
2XWUDV IRUPDV GHVWH FRPDQGR Va
DR SRVVurYHLV 3RU H[HPSOR
LI
UHODz
Fa
DR
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
HOVH
HQG
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
E
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
E
)
6H D UHODzFa
DR IRU YHUGDGHLUD DV
FXWDGDV DV LQVWUXzFR
aHV
2XWUD IRUPD GHVWH FRPDQGR uH
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
LI
UHODz
Fa
DR
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
HOVHLI
UHODz
Fa
DR
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
HOVH
HQG
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
9E
UHODz
Fa
DR
E
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
E
9E
UHODz
FD
aR
E
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
E
LQVWUXz
Fa
RHV
2 FRPDQGR FOHDU
(VWH FRPDQGR uH XVDGR SDUD DSDJDU YDULuDYHLV QR HVSDzFR GH WUDEDOKR ,VWR uH IHLWR TXDQGR
GHVHMDPRV OLEHUDU PHPu
RULD QR 0$7/$% H SDUD SRGHU PDQWHU XP FRQWUROH PDLV HIHWLYR
GR WUDEDOKR TXH HVWLYHU VHQGR IHLWR 1RV H[HPSORV D VHJXLU PRVWUDPRV DOJXPDV GDV
IRUPDV FRPR HVWH FRPDQGR uH XVDGR
([HPSOR
!!
!!
!!
!!
D
E
F
$
> @
> @
)D]HQGR
!! ZKRV
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
REWHPRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
$
E\
D
E\
E
E\
F
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
1R
1R
1R
!! FOHDU
WRGDV Va
DR DSDJDGDV 3DUD WHUPRV FHUWH]D GHVVH IDWR ID]HPRV
!! ZKRV
H YHULnFDPRV TXH QaDR KuD QDGD QD PHPuRULD GR 0$7/$%
([HPSOR
!!
!!
!!
!!
D
E
F
$
> @
> @
)D]HQGR
!! ZKRV
REWHPRV
1DPH
$
D
E
F
*UDQG WRWDO
LV
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
E\
E\
E\
E\
HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
!! FOHDU E
Vu
R DSDJDPRV D YDULu
DYHO E )D]HQGR
!! ZKRV
&RPSOH[
1R
1R
1R
1R
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
REWHPRV
1DPH
$
D
F
*UDQG WRWDO LV
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
E\
E\
E\
HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
FOHDU D E F
&RPSOH[
1R
1R
1R
2 FRPDQGR SORW
(VWH FRPDQGR uH XVDGR SDUD D FRQVWUXzFaDR GH JUuDnFRV 3DUD LVVR GHYHPRV XWLOL]DU GRLV
YHWRUHV GR PHVPR FRPSULPHQWR 1R H[HPSOR D VHJXLU PRVWUDPRV FRPR XVDPRV HVWH
FRPDQGR
([HPSOR
q 'DGRV RV FRPDQGRV
!! W
!! [
VLQW
!! SORWW[
REWHPRV R JUu
DnFR GD nJXUD
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
*UuDnFR /LQHDU
*UuDnFR HP HVFDOD ORJORJ
*UuDnFR HP HVFDOD VHPLORJ
*UuDnFR HP HVFDOD VHPLORJ
*UuDnFR HP FRRUGHQDGDV SRODUHV
*UuDnFR GH EDUUDV
*UuDnFR HP IRUPD HVFDGD
*UuDnFR KLVWRJUDPD
7urWXOR GR JUuDnFR
7urWXOR GR HL[R GRV [
7urWXOR GR HL[R GRV \
'LYLGH D WHOD HP YuDULDV SDUWHV
&RORFD WH[WR QXP JUuDnFR FRP DMXGD GR PRXVH
/LQKDV GH JUHOKD
*UuDnFR HP '
6XSHUIurFLH HP '
&ULD HL[RV HP SRVLzFaRHV DUELWUu
DULDV
&RQWUROD D HVFDOD GRV HL[RV
0DQWuHP R JUu
DnFR FRUUHQWH
9DORU QXPu
HULFR H ]HURV GH SROLQA
RPLRV
b b
b b
!! S > @
!! [ > @
!! \ SRO\YDOS[
H REWHPRV
H
&$3u
,78/2
u
&20$1'26 %$6,&26
'2 0$7/$%
(VWH X
u OWLPR YHWRU uH LQWHUSUHWDGR GD VHJXLQWH IRUPD R YDORU GH S SDUD R SULPHLUR
HOHPHQWR GH [ uH R SULPHLUR HOHPHQWR GR YHWRU \ H DVVLP SRU GLDQWH
3DUD DFKDU DV UDur]HV GH S ID]HPRV
!! \\ URRWVS
H REWHPRV
\\
L
L
L
L
!! SRO\YDOS\\
H REWHPRV
DQV
H
L
L
L
L
$ QRWDzFa
DR H VLJQLnFD b
3DUD DFKDU RV FRHnFHQWHV GR SROLQA
RPLR TXH WHP DV UDur]HV U L XVDPRV R
FRPDQGR SRO\
&ROXPQV WKURXJK
L L
L
&ROXPQ
GD UHVSRVWD WHPRV TXH R SROLQA
RPLR SURFXUDGR uH
S [
b b
L [
L [
L [
&DSurWXOR
3URJUDPDQGR HP 0$7/$%
3ULPHLURV SURJUDPDV
FOHDU
W
[ VLQW
FRVW
SORWW[
!! FG F?PDW
SDUD H[HFXWDU R SURJUDPD GHYHPRV HVFUHYHU QD WHOD R QRPH GR SURJUDPD
!! DS
H REWHPRV R JUuDnFR GD nJXUD
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
IXQFWLRQ \ DS[
\
[
VLQ[
FRP R QRPH DSP 1HVWH SURJUDPD YRFAH HVFROKH XP YDORU SDUD [ QD WHOD GR
0$7/$% H REWuHP R YDORU GH \
!! DS
H WHPRV
IXQFWLRQ VDu
rGD
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
4XHUHPRV ID]HU XP SURJUDPD TXH QRV SHUPLWD FDOFXODU YDORUHV SDUD D IXQzFaDR
I [
!
[
!
b[
VH
VH
VH
b
b
[
[ !
IXQFWLRQ D S[
LI [
D
HOVHLI [! [
D [A
HOVH
D [
HQG
'HYHPRV QRWDU TXH R YDORU UHWRUQDGR SRU HVWD IXQzFaDR uH XP HVFDODU 9DPRV DJRUD
ID]HU R JUuDnFR GD IXQzFaDR 3DUD LVVR HVFUHYHPRV R VHJXLQWH SURJUDPD FKDPDGR
SP
FOHDU
Q
IRU W
Q Q
[Q W
\Q SW$TXL FKDPDPRV R SURJUDPD SP FRP HQWUDGD W H VDLGD \Q
HQG
SORW[\$TXL ID]HPRV R JUDILFR GH [ YHUVXV \
'HYHPRV REVHUYDU TXH QHVWH SURJUDPD IRUDP LQWURGX]LGRV FRPHQWu
DULRV 3DUD
LQVHULU FRPHQWuDULRV HP TXDOTXHU GRV GRLV WLSRV GH SURJUDPDV EDVWD SUHFHGHU R
FRPHQWuDULR SHOR VurPEROR
3DUD H[HFXWDU HVWH SURJUDPD GHYHPRV HVFUHYHU QD WHOD GR 0$7/$% S H REWH
PRV R JUuDnFR GD nJXUD
8P ERP H[HUFurFLR uH WHQWDU ID]HU XP SURJUDPD VLPLODU D SP PDV RQGH [ uH XP
YHWRU
3URJUDPDV LQWHUDWLYRV
0XLWDV YH]HV SUHFLVDPRV ID]HU XP SURJUDPD LQWHUDWLYR GH PRGR TXH DV HQWUDGDV SRVVDP
VHU GDGDV YLD WHFODGR 3DUD LVVR XVDPRV RV FRPDQGRV LQSXW H GLVS 3RU H[HPSOR
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
DH
FOHDU
GLVS
(VWH FRPDQGR ID] FRP TXH R WH[WR DSDUHFD QD WHOD GR 0$7/$%
D LQSXW
(QWUH FRP R YDORU GH D
E LQSXW
(QWUH FRP R YDORU GH E
[ LQSXW
(QWUH FRP R YDORU LQLFLDO GH [
[I LQSXW
(QWUH FRP R YDORU ILQDO GH [
[ [[I
\ D
H[S
[E
SORW[\
$R H[HFXWDU HVVH SURJUDPD VHUaDR SHGLGRV RV YDORUHV GDV YDULuDYHLV XPD D XPD L
H SULPHLUDPHQWH DSDUHFHUuD QD WHOD
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
(VWH FRPDQGR
(QWUH FRP R
(QWUH FRP R
(QWUH FRP R
(QWUH FRP R
=HURV GH IXQz
FR
aHV
2 0$7/$% DFKD ]HURV GH IXQzFRaHV XVDQGR R FRPDQGR I]HUR 3DUD LVWR uH QHFHVVuDULR
HVFUHYHU XP SURJUDPD DX[LOLDU TXH FRQWHQKD D IXQzFaDR GD TXDO GHVHMDPRV HQFRQWUDU
RV ]HURV
4XHUHPRV DFKDU XP ]HUR GD IXQzFaDR I [
3URJUDPD DX[LOLDU
VLQ[
b FRV
[
!! I]HUR
DSR
2 QRPH DSR uH R QRPH GR SURJUDPD DX[LOLDU H R YDORU uH XPD DSUR[LPDzFaDR GD
UDL] $ UHVSRVWD GR 0$7/$% uH
&$3u
,78/2
DQV
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
[ VLQ[
IXQFWLRQ I DSR[
I [AH[S
[VLQ[
)D]HQGR
I]HUR
DSR
2EWHPRV
DQV
&DOFXODQGR ,QWHJUDLV
=E
I [ G[
5HJUD WUDSH]RLGDO
3DUD XVDU WUDS] FRQVWUXurPRV GRLV YHWRUHV [ TXH uH IRUPDGR SRU SRQWRV GH XPD SDU
WLzFa
DR GR LQWHUYDOR >D E@ H \ FRP RV YDORUHV GD IXQzFaDR QRV SRQWRV GD SDUWLzFaDR GR LQWHUYDOR
>D E@ 2V YHWRUHV [ H \ WAHP R PHVPR FRPSULPHQWR H [L \L UHSUHVHQWD XP SRQWR QD
FXUYD &RPR H[HPSOR GHVHMDPRV FDOFXODU D LQWHJUDO
=
[
G[
!! [
!! \ H[S[A
!! WUDS][\
DQV
(VVHV FRPDQGRV SRGHP VHU DJUXSDGRV QXP SURJUDPD
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
5HJUD GH 6LPSVRQ
TXDG
TXDG
IF
DEWRO
TXH UHWRUQD XPD DSUR[LPDzFaDR SDUD D LQWHJUDO GH I QR LQWHUYDOR >D E@ IF uH R QRPH
GH XPD IXQzFaDR SUuHGHnQLGD RX XP DUTXLYR P FRUUHVSRQGHQWH Dt I 2 SDUA
DPHWUR WRO
UHIHUHVH tD WROHUA
DQFLD GHVHMDGD
&RPR H[HPSOR FDOFXOHPRV
=
[Hb[
LQWHJUP
G[
IXQFWLRQ \ LQWHJU[
\
[
H[S[A
&DOFXOHPRV D LQWHJUDO XVDQGR D WROHUADQFLD XVXDO TXH uH b
!! TXDG
LQWHJU
2EWHPRV FRPR UHVXOWDGR
DQV
H
!! TXDG
LQWHJU
H
2EWHPRV FRPR UHVXOWDGR
DQV
H
!! H[S
2EWHPRV FRPR UHVXOWDGR
DQV
H
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
'LIHUHQz
FD HQWUH
IXQzFDaR
URWHLUR
IXQFWLRQ [ H[W
D H[SW
E FRVW
[ D
E
R QRPH GHVWH SURJUDPD uH H[P
)D]HQGR
!! H[
REWHPRV
DQV
DR H[HFXWDU R FRPDQGR
!! ZKRV
REWHPRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
DQV
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
FOHDU
W LQSXW
(QWUH FRP R YDORU GH W
D H[SW
E FRVW
[ D
E
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
!! H[
(QWUH FRP R YDORU GH W
REWHPRV
)D]HQGR
!! ZKRV
REWHPRV
1DPH
D
E
W
[
*UDQG WRWDO
LV
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
E\
E\
E\
E\
HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
1R
1R
1R
(VWH H[HPSOR PRVWUD QHVWH FDVR TXH DV YDULuDYHLV DX[LOLDUHV XVDGDV QR SURJUDPD
nFDP QD PHPu
RULD GR 0$7/$%
2 FRPDQGR JOREDO
IXQFWLRQ JQ
JOREDO D
D Q
E Q
$ >D E@
& $A
(VWH H[HPSOR GH SURJUDPD IXQzFa
DR
PRVWUD D GLIHUHQzFD HQWUH YDULuDYHLV ORFDLV H
JOREDLV 2 FRPDQGR JOREDO D SHUPLWH QHVWH FDVR TXH D YDULuDYHO
D
VHMD XVDGD HP
RXWURV SURJUDPDV IXQzFa
DR RX URWHLUR &KDPDPRV HVVDV YDULu
DYHLV GH JOREDLV $V RXWUDV
TXH Qa
DR VaDR JOREDLV FKDPDPRV GH ORFDLV (VWDV YDULuDYHLV VuR H[LVWHP HQTXDQWR R SUR
JUDPD TXH DV FRQWAHP HVWuD VHQGR H[HFXWDGR 3DUD TXH RXWUR SURJUDPD SRVVD XVDU XPD
YDULu
DYHO ORFDO HOD GHYH VHU JOREDOL]DGD LVWR uH WHPRV TXH XVDU R FRPDQGR JOREDO QRPH
GDV YDULu
DYHLV!
&DEH UHVVDOWDU TXH QXP SURJUDPD URWHLUR WRGDV DV YDULuDYHLV VaDR JOREDLV Mu
D TXH
nFDP QD PHPu
RULD GR 0$7/$%
2XWUR SURJUDPD TXH XVD YDULu
DYHLV JOREDLV HVWuD QD VHzFaDR
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
5HVROYHQGR HTXDz
FR
aHV GLIHUHQFLDLV
3A
HQGXOR VLPSOHV OLQHDUL]DGR
J
O
3DUD UHVROYHU HVWD HTXDzFaDR SUHFLVDPRV GH XP SURJUDPD SULQFLSDO TXH H[SOLFLWH R PuHWRGR
GH VROXzFaDR H GH XP SURJUDPD DX[LOLDU TXH GHnQD D HTXDzFaDR D UHVROYHU 8VDUHPRV XP
PuHWRGR 5XQJH.XWWD HVFULWR SDUD UHVROYHU VLVWHPDV GH SULPHLUD RUGHP FRQYHQLHQWH
HP SUREOHPDV GH GLQA
DPLFD6H D HTXDzFaDR QaDR HVWLYHU QHVWD IRUPD SULPHLUD RUGHP
GHYHPRV SULPHLUR WUDQVIRUPu
DOD1R QRVVR H[HPSOR D HTXDzFaDR uH GH VHJXQGD RUGHP
'HYHPRV HQWaDR ID]HU XPD PXGDQzFD GH YDULuDYHLV SDUD WUDQVIRUPDOD QXP VLVWHPD GH
GXDV HTXDzFaRHV GH SULPHLUD RUGHP $ PXGDQzFD uH IHLWD GD VHJXLQWH IRUPD
\
B
B
B
J
O
J
O
\
B
J
O
\
FOHDU
\ > @
W WI
>W <@ RGH
DS
WWI\
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
!! DS
H REWHPRV R JUu
DnFR GDGR QD nJXUD D
8P ERP H[HUFLFLR uH UHID]HU R TXH IRL IHLWR DFLPD XVDQGR
RGH
RGHS
6LVWHPD PDVVDPRODDPRUWHFHGRU
P[
DVLQ W
)DUHPRV XP SURJUDPD JHUDO SDUD UHVROYHU HVWD HTXDzFDaRLH XP SURJUDPD TXH UHVROYD
HVWD HTXDzFaDR SDUD TXDLVTXHU P F N D H FRQGLzFaRHV LQLFLDLV GDGDV $ WURFD GH YDULu
DYHLV
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
SDUD WUDQVIRUPDU HVWD HTXDzFaDR QXP VLVWHPD GH GXDV HTXDzFaRHV GH SULPHLUD RUGHP uH IHLWD
GD VHJXLQWH IRUPD
B
B
B
D
P
VLQ W
F
P
N
P
VLQ W
F
P
N
P
\
B
VLQ W
F
P
\
q 2 FRPDQGR
RGH
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
!! DS
RQGH R SULPHLUR YDORU FRUUHVSRQGH DR PR VHJXQGR D FH RV RXWURV D N D [ [B W
H WI UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
$R H[HFXWDUPRV R SURJUDPD WHPRV R JUuDnFR GD nJXUD E
0XLWDV YH]HV SUHFLVDPRV GH PDLV GH XP JUuDnFR QD PHVPD WHOD 3DUD ID]HU LVWR GLYLGL
PRV D WHOD JUuDnFD FRP R FRPDQGR VXESORWPQN(VWH FRPDQGR GLYLGH D WHOD HP
P OLQKDV H Q FROXQDV TXH VHUaDR RFXSDGDV SHORV P [ Q JUu
DnFRV H N uH D UHIHUAHQFLD GR
JUu
DnFR (VWH FRPDQGR LQGLFD TXH
L D WHOD IRL GLYLGLGD HP P OLQKDV H Q FROXQDV
LL HVWDPRV QR JUuDnFR N RQGH N P Q H
LLL RV JUuDnFRV VHUaDR VHTXHQFLDOPHQWH GLVSRVWRV HP OLQKDV
FOHDU
W
[
VLQ
W
\ W
FRVW
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
] H[S
W
[
Z [
\
VXESORW
SORWW[
WLWOH
*5$),&2 ;
[ODEHO
W
\ODEHO
[
VXESORW
SORWW\
WLWOH
*5$),&2 <
[ODEHO
W
\ODEHO
\
VXESORW
SORWW]
WLWOH
*5$),&2 =
[ODEHO
W
\ODEHO
]
VXESORW
SORWWZ
WLWOH
*5$),&2 :
[ODEHO
W
\ODEHO
Z
)D]HQGR
!! S
7HPRV RV JUu
DnFRV GD nJXUD
3RGHPRV WDPEuHP FRORFDU YuDULRV JUuDnFRV QD PHVPD WHOD XVDQGR R PHVPR HL[R GH
DEVFLVVDV2 SURJUDPD D VHJXLU PRVWUD FRPR ID]HU
FOHDU
W
[
VLQ
W
\ W
FRVW
SORWW[W\
([HFXWDQGR REWHPRV R JUuDnFR GD nJXUD D
*Uu
DnFRV HP '
+u
D YuDULRV FRPDQGRV SDUD VHUHP XWLOL]DGRV FRP JUuDnFRV HP '
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
3URJUDPD DSP
FOHDU
[
\ VLQ
W
] FRV
W
SORW[\]
[ODEHO
HL[R ;
\ODEHO
HL[R <
]ODEHO
HL[R =
'HYHPRV QRWDU TXH QR FRPDQGR SORW[\] [\ H ] GHYHP VHU YHWRUHV GH PHVPR
FRPSULPHQWR
&RP HVWH SURJUDPD REWHPRV R JUuDnFR GD nJXUD E
2V FRPDQGRV PHVK VXUI H FRQWRXU
(VVHV FRPDQGRV VaDR XVDGRV SDUD D FRQVWUXzFaDR GH JUuDnFRV GH VXSHUIurFLHV PHVK H
VXUI H PDSDV GH FRQWRUQR FRQWRXU
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
FOHDU
[
\
Q OHQJWK[
P OHQJWK\
IRU M Q
IRU L P
=LM VLQ[M
FRV\L
HQG
HQG
VXESORW
PHVK[\=
WLWOH
8VDQGR 0(6+
[ODEHO
;
\ODEHO
<
]ODEHO
=
VXESORW
VXUI[\=
WLWOH
8VDQGR 685)
[ODEHO
;
\ODEHO
<
]ODEHO
=
VXESORW
FRQWRXU[\=
WLWOH
8VDQGR &217285 FRP OLQKDV
[ODEHO
;
\ODEHO
<
VXESORW
FRQWRXU[\=
&$3u
,78/2
352*5$0$1'2 (0 0$7/$%
WLWOH
8VDQGR &217285 FRP OLQKDV
[ODEHO
D[H ;
\ODEHO
D[H <
2EWHPRV RV VHJXLQWHV JUuDnFRV ROKDU nJ
&DSurWXOR
2XWURV FRPDQGRV
)RUPDWR GH VDu
rGD
$LQGD TXH WRGRV RV FuDOFXORV HP 0$7/$% VHMDP IHLWRV FRP SUHFLVaDR GXSOD R IRUPDWR
GD VDurGD QD WHOD SRGH VHU PRGLnFDGR FRP DV VHJXLQWHV LQVWUXzFaRHV
IRUPDW
IRUPDW
IRUPDW
IRUPDW
VKRUW
ORQJ
VKRUW H
ORQJ H
Gu
D TXDWUR GHFLPDLV R XVXDO
Gu
D TXDWRU]H GHFLPDLV
QRWDzFaDR FLHQWurnFD FRP GHFLPDLV
QRWDzFaDR FLHQWurnFD FRP TXLQ]H GHFLPDLV
4XDQGR XP IRUPDWR uH SUHVFULWR HVWH uH PDQWLGR DWuH TXH VHMD SUHVFULWR RXWUR IRUPDWR
&RPR H[HPSOR HVFUHYHUHPRV R Qu
XPHUR { FRP RV TXDWUR IRUPDWRV GLVFXWLGRV
VKRUW
ORQJ
H
VKRUW H
H ORQJ H
&RPDQGR GLDU\
2 FRPDQGR GLDU\ QRPH GH DUTXLYR! ID] FRP TXH WXGR R TXH DSDUHFHU QD WHOD GDTXHOH
PRPHQWR HP GLDQWH H[FHWR JUuDnFRV VHMD JXDUGDGR QR DUTXLYR QRPH GH DUTXLYR!
DWuH TXH RUGHQHPRV GLDU\ Rm 3DUD FRQWLQXDU JXDUGDQGR RV GDGRV HVFUHYHPRV GLDU\ RQ
3RU H[HPSOR
!!
!!
!!
!!
FOHDU
GLDU\ VV
D > @
E DA
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
!! F > @
F
!! G F
!! GLDU\ RII
1R DUTXLYR DVFLL VV nFDP JXDUGDGRV WRGRV HVWHV FRPDQGRV $EULQGR HVWH DUTXLYR
FRP XP HGLWRU GH WH[WR WHPRV
D > @
E DA
E
F > @
F
G F
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
GLDU\ RII
)D]HQGR QD WHOD GR 0$7/$%
!! GLDU\ RQ
!! G > @
!! H LQYG
H
!! GLDU\ RII
R DUTXLYR nFD
D > @
E DA
E
F > @
F
G F
GLDU\ RII
G > @
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
H LQYG
H
GLDU\ RII
VDYH
VDYH
VDYH
ORDG
DUTXLYRGDW! $ % DVFLL
DUTXLYR! $ %
DUTXLYR!
DUTXLYR!
PDW
!!W
!!V > @
!!Z > @
!!ZKRV
1DPH
V
W
Z
*UDQG WRWDO LV
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
E\
E\
E\
HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
1R
1R
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
!!VDYH H[ Z
!!VDYH H[
1R SULPHLUR FRPDQGR JXDUGDPRV D YDULuDYHO Z HP IRUPDWR PDW QR DUTXLYR H[PDW
SUuRSULR GR 0$7/$% 1R VHJXQGR FRPDQGR JXDUGDPRV WRGDV DV YDULu
DYHLV HP
IRUPDWR PDW QR DUTXLYR H[PDW
9DPRV OHU RV DUTXLYRV FULDGRV
3DUD OHU R DUTXLYR H[PDW ID]HPRV
!!FOHDU
!!ORDG H[
!!ZKRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
Z
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
!!FOHDU
!!ORDG H[
!!ZKRV
1DPH
V
W
Z
*UDQG WRWDO LV
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
E\
E\
E\
HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
)XOO
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
1R
1R
1HVWH H[HPSOR DLQGD PDQWHPRV RV QRPHV GDV YDULuDYHLV 2 IRUPDWR PDW uH XPD
ERD DOWHUQDWLYD TXDQGR SUHWHQGHPRV VuR WUDEDOKDU QR 0$7/$% 0XLWDV YH]HV
QHFHVVLWDPRV DOWHUQDU FRP RXWUDV OLQJXDJHQV FRPR SRU H[HPSOR )RUWUDQ 1HVWH
FDVR VXUJH D QHFHVVLGDGH GH JXDUGDUPRV DV VDurGDV GR 0$7/$% HP IRUPDWR DVFLL
2V H[HPSORV D VHJXLU PRVWUDP FRPR ID]HPRV LVWR
2 IRUPDWR DVFLL
&RQVLGHUHPRV DV VHJXLQWHV YDULuDYHLV
&$3u
,78/2
!!
D
!!
E
!!
F
!!
$
D
E
F
$ >
!! I > @
I
!! % >
%
@
@
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
VDYH
VDYH
VDYH
VDYH
VDYH
VDYH
287526 &20$1'26
DVFLL
H[DGDW E DVFLL
H[EGDW E F DVFLL
H[GDW D DVFLL
H[GDW $ DVFLL
H[GDW $ % DVFLL
H[GDW % I DVFLL
!! FOHDU
!! ORDG H[DGDW
!! ZKRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
'HQVLW\
&RPSOH[
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
H[D
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
)XOO
1R
1RWHPRV TXH QRV DUTXLYRV DVFLL D YDULuDYHO SHUGH VHX QRPH H DVVXPH R QRPH GR
DUTXLYR 9DPRV DEULU R DUTXLYR
H[DGDW
XVDQGR XP HGLWRU GH WH[WR
H
3DUD H[EGDW
!! FOHDU
!! ORDG H[EGDW
!! ZKRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
H[E
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
1HVWH FDVR WHPRV VuR XPD YDULDYHO FKDPDGD H[E 9DPRV DEULU R DUTXLYR
H[EGDW
H
H
$V YDULuDYHLV Va
DR DUPD]HQDGDV HP FROXQDV H VHJXHP D RUGHP HVWDEHOHFLGD TXDQGR
JUDYDGDV QHVWH FDVR E H[E H F H[E
3DUD H[GDW
!! FOHDU
!! ORDG H[GDW
!! ZKRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
H[
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
$EULQGR R DUTXLYR
H[GDW
XVDQGR XP HGLWRU GH WH[WR WHPRV
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
!! FOHDU
!! ORDG H[GDW
!! ZKRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
H[
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
2 DUTXLYR H[GDW
!! FOHDU
!! ORDG H[GDW
!! ZKRV
1DPH
6L]H
(OHPHQWV
%\WHV
H[
E\
*UDQG WRWDO LV HOHPHQWV XVLQJ E\WHV
'HQVLW\
)XOO
&RPSOH[
1R
2 DUTXLYR H[GDW
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
&RPR QRV FDVRV DQWHULRUHV RV QRPHV GDV PDWUL]HV VaDR SHUGLGRV H DJRUD WHPRV XPD
Vu
R PDWUL] FKDPDGD H[GDW $V PDWUL]HV RULJLQDLV IRUDP DUPD]HQDGDV SRU FROX
QDV 3DUD UHFXSHUDU DV PDWUL]HV RULJLQDLV GHYHPRV REVHUYDU TXH QDV WUAHV SULPHLUDV
OLQKDV HVWuD D PDWUL] $ H QDV OLQKDV H HVWuD D PDWUL] % 3DUD UHFXSHUDUPRV DV
PDWUL]HV ID]HPRV
!! $ H[
$
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
!! % H[
%
1HVWH H[HPSOR GHYHPRV WRPDU FXLGDGR SRLV DV PDWUL]HV DUPD]HQDGDV GHYHP WHU
R PHVPR Qu
XPHUR GH FROXQDV
3HOR TXH IRL GLWR DTXL REVHUYDPRV TXH R DUTXLYR H[GDW QaDR IRL FULDGR FRUUHWD
PHQWH
!! FOHDU
!! ORDG H[GDW
""" (UURU XVLQJ ! ORDG
1XPEHU RI FROXPQV RQ OLQH RI $6&,, ILOH H[
PXVW EH WKH VDPH DV SUHYLRXV OLQHV
2OKDQGR R DUTXLYR WHPRV
&RPDQGR FSXWLPH
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
FOHDU
W FSXWLPH
D
D
D
$ >D D D@
IRU L
IRU M
&LM $LMA
HQG
HQG
FSXWLPHW
$R H[HFXWDU HVWH SURJUDPD REWHPRV R WHPSR GH &38 JDVWR TXH IRL GH
VHJ
FOHDU
W FSXWLPH
D
D
D
$ >D D D@
& $A
FSXWLPHW
$ H[HFXWDU HVWH SURJUDPD REWHPRV R WHPSR GH &38 JDVWR TXH IRL GH VHJ
2 FRPDQGR ISULQWI
(VWH FRPDQGR VHUYH SDUD PRVWUDU D VDurGD GH XP SURJUDPD $ VLQWD[H GR FRPDQGR uH
ISULQWI
IRUPDWR GH VDu
rGD
YDULu
DYHLV 2 IRUPDWR GH VDu
rGD FRQWu
HP R WH[WR H R IRUPDWR
GHVHMDGR SDUD DV YDULuDYHLV HVSHFLnFDGDV HP YDULu
DYHLV 8VDPRV H I H J SDUD IRU
PDWDU D VDurGD 6H H uH XVDGR RV FRQWHu
XGRV GDV YDULu
DYHLV D VHUHP LPSUHVVDV HVWDUaDR
HP QRWDzFaDR H[SRQHQFLDO H FRP I RV FRQWHu
XGRV GDV YDULuDYHLV VHUa
DR PRVWUDGRV QD QR
WDzFaDR FRPXP GH Qu
XPHURV UHDLV &RP J uH XVDGD D QRWDzFaDR H RX I GHSHQGHQGR GR
FDVR 6H R FDUu
DWHU Q DSDUHFHU QR IRUPDWR GH VDurGD D LPSUHVa
DR FRQWLQXDUuD QD OLQKD
VHJXLQWH 2 IRUPDWR GH VDurGD XVXDO GHYH WHUPLQDU FRP XP Q 3DUD HVFODUHFHU PHOKRU
HVWH FRPDQGR FRQVLGHUHPRV R VHJXLQWH H[HPSOR
&$3u
,78/2
287526 &20$1'26
([HPSOR
&RQVLGHUHPRV
DXWRYHWRUHV
IXQFWLRQ SS$
Q OHQJWK$
>9'@ HLJ$
IRU L Q
ISULQWI
9DORU SURSULR /DPEGDJ I ?Q
L'LL
ISULQWI
9HWRU SURSULR DVVRFLDGR DR YDORU /DPEGDJ?Q YJ
GLVS9L
SDXVH
HQG
?Q
LL
1HVWH SURJUDPD GLVS9L uH XVDGR SDUD HYLWDU QD VDurGD GR YHWRU FROXQD D SDODYUD
DQV 2 FRPDQGR SDXVH ID] FRP TXH R SURJUDPD HVSHUH GRLV VHJXQGRV SDUD H[HFXWDU
R FRPDQGR VHJXLQWH 6H XVDPRV VuR SDXVH D H[HFXzFaDR uH LQWHUURPSLGD DWuH TXH VHMD
SUHVVLRQDGD XPD WHFOD $ H[HFXzFa
DR H D VDurGD GHVWH SURJUDPD VaDR PRVWUDGDV D VHJXLU
!! $ >
!! SS$
9DORU SURSULR
9HWRU SURSULR
Y
9DORU SURSULR
9HWRU SURSULR
Y
9DORU SURSULR
9HWRU SURSULR
Y
@
/DPEGD
DVVRFLDGR D YDORU /DPEGD
/DPEGD
DVVRFLDGR D YDORU /DPEGD
/DPEGD
DVVRFLDGR D YDORU /DPEGD
&$3u
,78/2
9DORU SURSULR
9HWRU SURSULR
Y
9DORU SURSULR
9HWRU SURSULR
Y
287526 &20$1'26
/DPEGD
DVVRFLDGR D YDORU /DPEGD
/DPEGD
DVVRFLDGR D YDORU /DPEGD
$SA
HQGLFH $
8P SURJUDPD SDUD VLVWHPDV GH
HTXDzFa
RHV OLQHDUHV
'DGR XP VLVWHPD GH HTXDzFaRHV OLQHDUHV $;
E TXHUHPRV VDEHU VH R VLVWHPD WHP RX
Qa
DR VROXzFaDR 6H WLYHU VROXzFaDR GHVHMDPRV VDEHU VH HOD uH X
u QLFD RX QaDR 6H D VROXzFaDR
IRU X
uQLFD GHVHMDPRV FRQKHFHU D VROXzFDaR 6H R VLVWHPD WLYHU LQnQLWDV VROXzFRaHV GHVHMDPRV
FRQKHFHU SHOR PHQRV XPD VROXzFaDR
2 SURJUDPD D VHJXLU GLVFXWH SDUD XP VLVWHPD GDGR VH D VROXzFaDR H[LVWH RX QaDR H
TXDQGR H[LVWLU VH uH X
u QLFD RX QaDR IRUQHFHQGR WDPEuHP D VROXzFaDR TXDQGR uH X
uQLFD H
IRUQFHQGR DR PHQRV XPD VROXzFaDR TXDQGR Qa
DR uH X
u QLFD 4XDQGR R VLVWHPD Qa
DR WLY
HU VROXzFaDR GHVHMDPRV TXH R SURJUDPD HQFRQWUH XP YHWRU ; TXH PLQLPL]H R HUUR SHOR
PuHWRGR GRV PurQLPRV TXDGUDGRV
3DUD VDEHU VH R VLVWHPD WHP RX Qa
DR VROXzFaDR R SURJUDPD FRPSDUD R SRVWR GD PD
WUL] $ FRP R SRVWR GD PDWUL] >$ E@ 2 VLVWHPD WHUuD VROXzFaDR TXDQGR DPERV RV SRVWRV
IRUHP LJXDLV 3DUD D XQLFLGDGH SUHFLVDPRV DLQGD TXH R SRVWR GD PDWUL] $ VHMD LJXDO DR
Qu
XPHUR GH LQFu
RJQLWDV GR VLVWHPD FDVR FRQWUuDULR R VLVWHPD WHUu
D LQnQLWDV VROXzFaRHV 2
SURJUDPD HQFRQWUD QHVWH FDVR SHOR PHQRV XPD VROXzFaDR 1R FDVR GR VLVWHPD QaDR WHU
VROXzFa
DR R SURJUDPD HQFRQWUD XP YHWRU ; TXH PLQLPL]D R HUUR GR VLVWHPD $; E SHOR
PuHWRGR GRV PurQLPRV TXDGUDGRV
A
a
$3(1',&(
$ 80 352*5$0$ 3$5$ 6,67(0$6 '( (48$&
z 2(6
/,1($5(6
$
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
\ ]
[ \ ]
[ \ ]
[
b
b
A
a
$3(1',&(
$ 80 352*5$0$ 3$5$ 6,67(0$6 '( (48$&
z 2(6
/,1($5(6
$
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
\ ] Z
[ \ ] Z
[ \ ] Z
[
3RVWR GD PDWUL] $
3RVWR GD PDWUL] >$E@
2 VLVWHPD WHP LQILQLWDV VROV
8VDQGR GLYLVDR D HVTXHUGD XPD VROX?F FDR H
8VDQGR LQYHUVD JHQHUDOL]DGD XPD VROX?F FDR H
$
&RQVLGHUHPRV R VLVWHPD
\ ] Z
[ \ ] Z
[ \ ] Z
[ \ ] Z
[ \ ] Z
[
A
a
$3(1',&(
$ 80 352*5$0$ 3$5$ 6,67(0$6 '( (48$&
z 2(6
/,1($5(6
3RVWR GD PDWUL] $
3RVWR GD PDWUL] >$E@
2 VLVWHPD QDR WHP VRO
8VDQGR GLYLVDR D HVTXHUGD XPD DSUR[LPDFDR H
(UUR GD GLYLVDR D HVTXHUGD
8VDQGR LQYHUVD JHQHUDOL]DGD XPD DSUR[LPDFDR H
(UUR GD LQYHUVD JHQHUDOL]DGD