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COMPLEX NUMBER
[ BASIC, AMPLITUDE OR ARGUMENT, MODULUS, LOCUS, EULARS FORM,
CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY ]
By:- Nishant Gupta
For any help contact:

9953168795, 9268789880
Content marketed & distributed by FaaDoOEngineers.com
COMPLEX NUMBER
1.
In this chapter we deal with non- real numbers & for this purpose we define a number
1 = i
( IOTA)
2.
i2 = -1 , i 3 = - i , i 4 = 1 in general i n = i, -1, -i , 1 according as n = 4k +1, 4k+2, 4k +3, 4k +0
3.
Sum of four consecutive powers of i is always zero.
4.
Multiplication of a complex no. with i(Iota) means rotation by / 2 in anticlockwise direction
5.
Complex Number is of the form

a & b are known as
z = a + ib ,
REAL & IMAGINARY PART respectively

&
Z1
Z2
&
z z = |z| 2 ,
6.
Conjugate of z = a + ib is
z = a - ib ,
7.
Modulus of z = a + ib is
|z| =
8.
Equality of Complex Numbers :
9.
Inequality is not defined in complex numbers
a2 b2
z1
z1
z2
z2
a1 + ib1 = a2 + ib2 a1 = a2
10. Amplitude or argument of z = a + ib is given by

Principal value of argument ( )
Z
= 1
Z2
Find = tan-1
tan = b/a =
Im ginary part
Re al part
b
a
If z lies in first quadrant
then =
If z lies in 2nd quadrant
then
= -
If z lies in 3rd quadrant
then
= -
If z lies in 4th quadrant
then
= -
argument or amplitude behaves like log i.e.
arg (z1z 2 ) arg(z 1 ) arg (z 2 )

arg (z1/z 2 ) arg(z 1 ) - arg (z 2 )
arg z n = n arg
, arg z = - arg z
11. Polar form z = r ( cos + i sin ) , r is modulus & is argument or amplitude

12. Euler's form
So i = ei/2
eiA = cos A + i sin A is quite useful.
& -1 = ei
(remember these)
13. Loci (most important)
Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880
& b1 = b2

| z z1 | is line segment joining points
z z1
=k
z z2
z & z1
k = 1 implies straight line perpendicular bisector of line joining z1 & z2
while k 1 implies that it is
Az Az c 0
circle
represents a straight line whose slope is -
A
A
| z z1 | = r
represents a circle with center z1 & radius r
zz Az Az c 0
represents a circle with center A and radius
| z z1 | =
A z Az c
2A
|z z1| + |z - z2| = 2b,

& if
represents parabola with focus z 1 & directrix Az Az c

where b is + ve constant,
2b> |z1 z2 |
|z z1| - |z - z2| = 2b,
( z1 & z2 are foci )
then it represents a
z z1
= then
z z2
straight line
2b< |z1 z2 |
nothing real
where b is +ive constant ,
( z1 & z2 are foci )

hyperbola
2b= |z1 z2 |
straight line
2b> |z1 z2 |
nothing real
= , it represents
straight line
=0 ,
Pair of straight lines
otherwise it is a
|z z1| 2+ |z - z2|2 =K
14. Square root of z = a + ib is
ellipse
2b= |z1 z2 |
& if 2b < |z1 z2 | then it represents
argument
A c
circle ( arc )
represents a circle if K 1/2 | z1 - z2|2
z a
z a
i
2
2
15. For equilateral triangle with vertices z1, z2, z3
2
z1 z1z 2 ;
16. For regular polygon with z1, z2, zn as vertices
2
2
z1 nz
1
0
z1 z 2
where z is centroid
17. (a) |Z1 + Z2 |2 = |Z1|2 + |Z2|2 + 2R (Z1 Z 2 )= |Z1|2 + |Z2|2 + 2 Z1 Z2cos ( 1- 2)

(b) |Z1 - Z2|2 = |Z1|2 + |Z2|2 - 2R (Z1 Z 2 )= |Z1|2 + |Z2|2 - 2 Z1 Z2cos ( 1- 2)
18. Triangular Inequalities
(a) |Z1 + Z2 | |Z1 | + |Z2|
(b ) |Z1 - Z2 | |Z1 | + |Z2|
(c) |Z1 - Z2 | | ( | Z1 | - |Z2 | )|
NOT IN AIEEE SYLLABUS

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

19. Cube roots of unity 1 ,
Complex roots (
1 i 3
are the three Cube roots of unity
2
1 i 3
1 i 3
&
)
2
2
are denoted by w , w2
& are SQUARE, RECIPROCAL & CONJUGATE of each other )

IMPORTANT relations
1+ w + w2 = 0 &
w3 =1
20. n th root of Z = r (cos + i sin ) is

1
n
r
2p
2p
where p = 0, 1, 2, ----, n - 1 .
i sin
cos
n
n
Properties :
(a) Product of n nth roots unity is (-1)n-1

(b) Sum of n nth roots unity is ZERO
(c) n nth roots unity form a G.P.
(d) z1p z p2 z 3p ........... z pn n if
p is a multiple of n = 0 if
p is not a multiple of n
where z1 , z 2 , z3 ...........z n are n nth roots of unity.

(e) All the nth roots lie on a unit circle & divides its circumference in n parts making a
regular polygon with each exterior angle 2/n

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

ASSIGNMENT
COMPLEX NUMBER
BASIC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(a) 12i
(b) 12 i
(c) 16
(d) 12
1 i 13
1 i 15
(c) 1/2
(d) N/T
The expression
(1 i)
(1 i)
is equal to
n 2
(a) i n 1
(b) i n 2
(c) 2i n 1
(d) none of these
n N, then (1 i)n (1
(a)
9.
10.
(b) 2 in
(c) 2n
(d) 4n
(1 ix)(1 2ix)
is purely real, then x is
1 ix
11.
12.
(b) 1
(d) None of these
If a + ib = (c + id)1/3 then 4(a2 b2) is

(a)
a c
b d
c d
(c)
a b
(b)
a b
c d
(d) N/T
Area of triangle formed by 1+ i , i- 1 , 2i is

(a) 1/2
(b) 1
1
1 i
2
(b)
3
1 i
2
3
1 i
2
(d) N/T
If | z 1 | = | z 2 | + | z 1 - z 2 | then arg( z1) arg

(z 2 ) is
(a) 0
(b) /2
(c) /2
(d) N/T
If and are different complex numbers

with 1 , then
1 n
) is
i
(a) 0
(d)
Square root of 3i is
(c)
(b) i /2
If
8.
is equal to
(a) i
(c)
7.
4 1
i 4 is equal to
i
i
1 i 3 1 1
(a)
6.
(c) 2
3
is equl to:
1
(a) 1
(b) 1/2
(c) 1
(d) 2
4,If z = 1+ i , inverse of z 2 is
(a) 2i
(b) i
(c) i /2
(d) - i / 2
1, If one root of the equation

z2 + (a + i)
z + b + ic = 0 be real, when a, b R, then c2 +
b - ac is equal to
(a) 0
(b) - 1
(c) 1
(d) N/T
AMPLITUDE OR ARGUMENT
13.
3 I
Amp
3
o
1 I
(a) /4

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880
is
(b) /6

(c) /3
14.
(d) N/T
The argument of
(a)
16.
19.
20.
22.
2
3
23.
Let the complex number z satisfy the equation

| z + 4i| = 3. Then the greatest and least
values of | z + 3| are
(a) 2, 8
(b) 2, 5
(c) 5, 8
(d) N/T
Area of region in Argand plane in which z

can lie , satisfying 1 z 1 4
Z1, Z2 & Z3, Z4 are two conjugate pairs of

complex no. then arg (Z1/Z4) + arg (Z2/Z3) is
(a) 0
(b) / 2
(c) 3 / 2
(d) N/T
(c)
If
(a1 ib1 )(a 2 ib 2 ).......(a n ib n ) A iB

1
is :
B
(a)
A
B
(b) tan
A
B
(c) tan 1
A
A
(d) tan 1
B
If z ( 2 2 i3 ) 2 = i ( 3 + i ) 4 then arg ( Z )
is
(a) 5/3
(b) 5/6
(c) /6
(d) 11/6
{ sin ( log i i ) } 3 + { cos ( log i i ) } 3

(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 2
(d) 2i
If |Z1| = |Z2| & amp(Z1) + amp(Z2) = 0 then

_
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
(b) 15/ 2
(d) N/T
(a) Re(z) < 3
(b) Re(z) >3
(c) Re(z) > 2
(d) Re(z) <0
If | z1 1| <1 & | z2 2| < 2 then | z1 + z2 | is

(a) < 3
(b) > 1
(c) lies in ( 0,6)
(d) N/T
If | z + 6/z | = 5 ,then maximum | z | is

(a) 6
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d)5
Maximum of z satisfying z
(a) 5 -1
(b)5
(c) 5 +1
(d) N/T
4
2 , is
z
If | z-1| + |z + 3 | 8 then | z 8 | lies in
(b) Z 1 Z 2
(a) ( 0 , 8 )
(b) [ 0 , 8 ]
(c) Z1 + Z2 = 0
(d) N/T
(c) [ 1 , 9 ]
(d) [ 5 , 9 ]
(a) 2:1
(b) 1 : 3
(c) -1:3
(d) N/T
Z+ Z
| z 4 | > | z 2 | represents
(a) Z1 = Z2
If
z = a + ib
satisfies
arg (z -1) =
arg (z + 3i ), then ( a-1) : b is equal to
&
2 is
(a) 15
b
then tan i
i 1
ai
18.
is :
4
(d)
3
17.
1 i 3
(b)
7
(c)
3
15.
1 i 3
29.
If |Z1| = |Z2| = ----- |Zn| = 1 then |Z1+Z2+----+Zn|

(a) n
(b) 0
(c) |1/Z1+1/Z2--- 1/Zn|
(d) N/T
LOCUS
MODULUS
21.
30.
If z = x + iy and | z 2i | = 1, then z lies on
If | Z 5 | 7 then min. & max. |Z+2|
(a) x-axis
(b) y-axis
(a) 2, 10
(b) 4, 15
(c) a circle
(d) parabola
(c) 0,
(d) N/T
31.
If Re (
z2
) = 0 , locus of z is

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(a) an ellipse
40.
(c) a circle
(b) pair of st lines (d) hyperbola.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
(b) Square
(c) Ellipse
(d) N/T
If
(a) || to X-axis
(b) || to Y-axis
(c) 60 with X-axis
(d) N/T
If =
(c) x- axis
41.
42.
(a) an ellipse
(c) a circle
(b) a straight line
(d) a parabola.
(d) y- axis
2 cos
then x5 + 1/x5 is
x
10
x+
(a) 0
(b) 32
(c) 10
(d) N/T
The number of integral solutions of

2
z
and | | = 1, then z lies on
1
z i
3
(1- i ) x = 4 x, is
(a) Infinite
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 0
EULARS FORM
Z 3
Locus of Z satisfying amp
=/3
Z 4
43.
If z k = cos
(a) Ellipse
(b) Circle
(a) 1
(c) Parabola
(d) N/T
(c) 2
2z i
m
If z = x + iy, then the equation
z 1
represents a circle when m
k
k
, then z1 z2 z3 z4 is
i sin
20
20
(b) i
(d) 2
8
(a) 1 / 2
(b) 1
Sin i cos
8
8
Sin i cos
8
8
(c) 2
(d) 3
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) N/T
44.
Locus of z satisfying |z -1| + |z - i| = 2 is

(c) circle
39.
(b) | z | = 2
Z7
1 then locus of Z is a line
Z3
(a) Ellipse
38.
(a) a line not through origin
If |Z + Z | + |Z Z | = 2 then Z lies on
(a) St line
If | z | = 1 & z 1 , then all values of

z
lie on
1 z 2
(b) St.line
16
45.
(d) N/T
2n
cos 17
n 1
i sin
2n
17
|z -2i| + |z +2 i | < 5 represents an ellipse

whose major axis lie along
(a) 0
(b) i
(a) Real axis
(b) Imaginary axis
(c) 1
(d) N/T
(c) y =x
(d) y = -x
The region of Argand diagram defined by

z 1| + | z + 1 | 4 is
14
46.
(b) Exterior of a circle

(d) None of these.
k 0
(a) Interior of an ellipse

(c) Interior and boundary of an ellipse
1+
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) i
(d) i
4 n 1
47.
2k 1 is
2k 1
i Sin
cos
15
15
m 1
2r
2r
i cos
sin
m
m
r 1

m 1
n
is
(a) independent of n (b) purely real

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(c) purely imaginary (d) N/T
48.
49.
(c) 5
Let z and be two non-zero complex

numbers such that | z | = | | and arg (z) +
arg () = , then z equals
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
53.
54.
If z and w are two non-zero complex

numbers such that | z w | = 1, arg (z ) arg
(w) = / 2,
then z w is equal to
(a) - i
(b) 1
(c) - 1
(d) i
55.
(d)N/T
If =1 and 1, then the value of

(1 + )(1 + 2) (1 + 4) (1 + 8) is
3
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) N/T
If =1 and 1, then the value of

(1 + )(1 + 2) (1 + 4) (1 + 8)(1+12 ) is
3
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) N/T
If
1)
be a cube root of unity
(1 ) A B ,
respectively:
7
56.
Cube roots of unity

(a) are collinear
(b) lie on a circle of radius
(c) form an equilateral triangle

(d) none of these.
51.
52.
(c) 1, 0
(d) 1, 1
(c) 3
(d) N/T
58.
10
50
i
(c) x
is
+x1=0
(d) x
are
- x +1 = 0
+x +1 = 0
is
(b) 2+ 3
(d) 1
(1 2 ) (1 2 4 ) (1 4 8 ).....2n
terms is
4n
(b)
(c) (4w ) 4
(b) 50
(b) x
tan 500 499

4
(a)
i 1
(a) 0
-x1=0
(c) 1
If Z1, Z2, ---- Z10 the 10th roots of unity

then
(a) x
(a) 2
(b) 1
& are roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0 then

equation with roots 19 & 7 is
1 then Z86 + Z175 +
(a) 0
and
(b) 1, 1
57.
If Z is non real root of

Z289 is
(a) 0, 1
CUBE ROOTS OF UNITY
50.
then
and
42n
(d) None of these
ANSWER (COMPLEX NUMBER)

1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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By:- Nishant Gupta

For any help contact:

Content marketed & distributed by FaaDoOEngineers.com

i2 = -1 , i 3 = - i , i 4 = 1 in general i n = i, -1, -i , 1 according as n = 4k +1, 4k+2, 4k +3, 4k +0

Sum of four consecutive powers of i is always zero.

Multiplication of a complex no. with i(Iota) means rotation by / 2 in anticlockwise direction

Complex Number is of the form

REAL & IMAGINARY PART respectively

Equality of Complex Numbers :

Inequality is not defined in complex numbers

10. Amplitude or argument of z = a + ib is given by

If z lies in first quadrant

If z lies in 2nd quadrant

If z lies in 3rd quadrant

If z lies in 4th quadrant

argument or amplitude behaves like log i.e.

arg (z1z 2 ) arg(z 1 ) arg (z 2 )

11. Polar form z = r ( cos + i sin ) , r is modulus & is argument or amplitude

eiA = cos A + i sin A is quite useful.

13. Loci (most important)

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Content marketed & distributed by FaaDoOEngineers.com

k = 1 implies straight line perpendicular bisector of line joining z1 & z2

while k 1 implies that it is

represents a straight line whose slope is -

represents a circle with center z1 & radius r

represents a circle with center A and radius

|z z1| + |z - z2| = 2b,

represents parabola with focus z 1 & directrix Az Az c

|z z1| - |z - z2| = 2b,

( z1 & z2 are foci )

where b is +ive constant ,

( z1 & z2 are foci )

Pair of straight lines

& if 2b < |z1 z2 | then it represents

represents a circle if K 1/2 | z1 - z2|2

15. For equilateral triangle with vertices z1, z2, z3

16. For regular polygon with z1, z2, zn as vertices

17. (a) |Z1 + Z2 |2 = |Z1|2 + |Z2|2 + 2R (Z1 Z 2 )= |Z1|2 + |Z2|2 + 2 Z1 Z2cos ( 1- 2)

(b ) |Z1 - Z2 | |Z1 | + |Z2|

(c) |Z1 - Z2 | | ( | Z1 | - |Z2 | )|

NOT IN AIEEE SYLLABUS

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Content marketed & distributed by FaaDoOEngineers.com

& are SQUARE, RECIPROCAL & CONJUGATE of each other )

20. n th root of Z = r (cos + i sin ) is

(a) Product of n nth roots unity is (-1)n-1

where z1 , z 2 , z3 ...........z n are n nth roots of unity.

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Content marketed & distributed by FaaDoOEngineers.com

(d) none of these

(d) None of these

If a + ib = (c + id)1/3 then 4(a2 b2) is

Area of triangle formed by 1+ i , i- 1 , 2i is

If | z 1 | = | z 2 | + | z 1 - z 2 | then arg( z1) arg

If and are different complex numbers

1, If one root of the equation

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Content marketed & distributed by FaaDoOEngineers.com

Let the complex number z satisfy the equation

Area of region in Argand plane in which z

Z1, Z2 & Z3, Z4 are two conjugate pairs of