Chapter 6 Student Edition

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007
CHAPTER 6 :
NUTRITION
Multiple Choice Questions:

For question 6-1 to 6-76, each question is followed by four alternative options A,B,C and D.
Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your
objective answer
6.1
Understanding Types Of Nutrition
1.
Organisms which are not able to synthesize their own food are
A
autotrophs.
B
heterotrophs.
C
parasites.
D
pathogens.
Plants are
A
autotrophs.
B
heterotrophs.
C
saprophytes.
D
parasites.
Which of the following plants is not capable of carrying out photosynthesis?

A
Bamboo
B
Sunflower
C
Pitcher plant
D
Mushroom
Which is the mode of nutrition of decomposers?

A
Saprophytism
B
Parasitism
C
Holozoic nutrition.
D
Autotrophic nutrition
Which of the following organisms practice parasitism?

A
Ferns
B
Saprophytic bacteria
C
Tapeworms
D
Amoeba sp
6.2
Applying The Concept Of Balanced Diet
6-1
Why is vitamin E essential in our diet?

A
Aids absorption of calcium and phosphates.
B
Needed for maintenance of a healthy skin.
C
Reduces muscle cramps.
D
Prevents sterility in both sexes.
What vitamins can be produced by bacterial action in the large

intestine?
I
Vitamin A
II
Vitamin B complex
III
Vitamin E
IV
Vitamin K
A
B
C
D
Rich sources of vitamin A are

I
Spinach.
II
Tomato.
III
Bread.
IV
Liver.
A
B
C
D
I and III only

II and IV only
I, II and IV only
I and II only
Which of the following regarding roughage is true?

I
It prevents constipation.
II
It has high energy content.
III
It is made up of plant fibres and cellulose.
IV
It helps in peristalsis.
A
B
C
D
10
I and III only

II and IV only
I, II and III only
IV only
I and III only

II and IV only
I, II and III only
I, III and IV only
A sample of urine taken from a person suffering from diabetes mellitus was boiled with
Benedict's solution. Which of the following results can be obtained?
A
The mixture becomes purple.
B
A purple precipitate was formed.
C
A brick-red precipitate was formed.
D
The mixture becomes blue.
6.3
Malnutrition
6-2
11
Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause

A
scurvy.
B
beri-beri.
C
rickets.
D
pellagra.
12
Which of the following is the result of calcium deficiency?

I
Delayed blood clotting
II
Bow legs
III
Dental caries
IV
Dry skin
A
B
C
D
13
I, II and III only

I and II only
II, and IV only
I, II, III and IV
Shortage of lipids in a cell will cause

I
incomplete formation of cell membrane.
II
adipose tissue does not exist.
III
protein synthesis does not occur.
IV
muscles will not contract.
A
B
C
D
I and II only
II and III only
II and IV only
III and IV only
14
What happens to the excess amino acid that is absorbed?

A
Changed to protein to be stored.
B
Changed to urea to be excreted.
C
Changed to adipose tissue to be stored.
D
Changed to digestive enzymes to be used.
15
Which of the following diseases is due to the lack of vitamin in the
6.4
diet?
I
II
III
IV
Xerophthalmia
Rickets
Pellagra
Haemophilia
A
B
C
D
I and III only

II and IV only
I, II and III only
I, III and IV only
Food Digestion
6-3
16. What enzyme does saliva contain ?

A
Amylase
Lipase
Protease
Sucrase
17.
A
B
FF
D
C
DIAGRAM 6.1
Which of the following parts of the human digestive system shown Diagram .6.1. does
not produce enzymes?
18.
19.
Which part of the human digestive system has an enzyme that hydrolyses fats ?
A
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Diagram 6.2 below shows a part of the human digestive system.
DIAGRAM 6.2
What will happen if tube X is blocked ?
A
No enzymes can go into the duodenum
The digestion of carbohydrate will decrease
The digestion of fat will decrease
Digested food cannot be carried to the liver.
6-4
20.
Partially chewed grass is digested in the stomach of a cow.
The cow does not produce enzymes to digest the grass.
Organisms living in the stomach of the cow produce an enzyme to digest
the grass.
What organisms living in the stomach of the cow digest the grass and what enzymes
are produced by the organisms?
A
B
C
D
21.
Organism
Enzymes produced
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Fungi
Cellulase
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Which of the following graphs show the effect of optimal pH on the rate of reactions of
pancreatic enzymes?
6-5
6.5
Absorption And Assimilation Of Digested Food
22.
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
23.
Destruction of red blood cells
II
Regulation of blood sugar level
III
Conversion of excess amino acids into urea
IV
Synthesis of bile
I and III only
II and III only
II and IV only
I,II, III and IV
Amino acids are used for

I
respiration
II
photosynthesis
III
cell growth and cell repair
IV
making enzymes and proteins of plasma membrane
I and III only
II and III only
III and IV only
II, III and IV only
6-6
Based on diagram 6.3, answer questions 24 and 25

Y
DIAGRAM 6.3
24.
25.
Nutrients that can be found in X are

I
glucose
II
vitamin D
III
vitamin C
IV
amino acids
I, II and III only
I, III and IV only
II, III and IV only
I, II, III and IV
What is the function of the part labelled Y ?

I
to absorb amino acids
II
to transport fatty acids
III
to increase the surface area of the villus
IV
to transport glucose and blood
6-7
26.
II only
I and IV only
II and III only
I, III and IV only
Which of the following processes can take place in the colon of the human body?
I
Absorption of vitamin K
II
Absorption of water
III
Absorption of mineral salts
IV
Secretion of enzymes
I, II and III only
I, II and IV only
II, III and IV only
I, II, III and IV
6.6
Formation Of Faeces And Defaecation
27.
Which of the following are absorbed through the colon?
28.
Ions and water
Ions, water and nutrients
Ions and nutrients
Nutrients and undigested food
In which part of the large intestine shown in the below diagram 6.4 are heamorrhoids
found?
DIAGRAM 6.4
A
Anus
6-8
29.
30.
31.
Colon
Rectum
Appendix
Which of the following nutrient are absorbed into the blood capillaries of the villi?
I
Fatty acids
II
Simple sugars
III
Vitamin C
IV
Iron
I, II and IV only
I, III and IV only
II, III and IV only
I, II, III and IV
What is the function of dietary fibre?

A
Make food stay longer in intestine
Give colour to faeces
Stimulate peristalsis
Prevent diseases
Constipation is due to faeces being in the large intestine for too long. What type of food
can help to overcome constipation?
A
Food with fat-soluble vitamins like vegetables
Liquid food or with high water content
High fibrous food like vegetables
Food rich in proteins and vitamins
6-9
6.7
Evaluating Eating Habit
The epithelial lining of stomach becomes inflamed

32.
The statement above describes a condition of En. Mails stomach. He is most likely
suffering from
A
obesity
gastritis
bulimia
anorexia nervosa
Symptoms:
Abdominal pain, nausea, belching, vomiting
33.
34.
Patients with the symptoms above may risk getting

A
ulcer
gastritis
bulimia
obesity
Diagram 6.5 shows an obese person.
DIAGRAM 6.5
He is predisposed to diseases below except
A
hypertension
6-10
cardiovascular
kidney damage
diabetes mellitus
35.
They lost both fat and muscle and lead to disruptions

of the function of the heart and endocrine system
The statement describe the patient of
A
diabetes
bulimia nervosa
anorexia nervosa
muscular dystrophy
They may have a normal body mass but engage in consuming huge
amounts of food within a short period of time
36.
37.
The victim with the characteristic above refer to

A
obesity
bulimia nervosa
diabetes mellitus
anorexia nervosa
Good eating habits ensure good health. Besides eating regulars meals, the types of
food are also important. Which of the following statement is not true?
A
Suitable mineral salts
High amount of calories
Sufficient water and roughage
Contains fats, carbohydrate and proteins
6.8
Importance Of A Healthy Digestive System
38.
What are the ways to maintain a healthy digestive system?

I
Avoid junk food
II
Have a good eating habits
6-11
39.
40.
III
Cut down on starchy food
IV
Reduce intake of fatty food
I and II only
III and IV only
I, II and IV
I, II, III and IV
If the pancreatic duct is blocked, a man may have difficulty digesting

A
fat
proteins
vitamins
carbohydrates
Diagram 6.6 shows part of the human alimentary canal.
DIAGRAM 6.6
The movement of food along the alimentary canal is called
41.
42.
chewing
peristalsis
absorption
emulsification
Which of the following are not associated with poor digestion?

A
Nausea
Indigestion
Diarrhoea
Ingestion
A persons diet contains more protein than is needed for growth and repair. What is the
effect of this situation?
6-12
43
An increase in the production of urea
An increase in the production of pepsin
An increase in the production of lactic acid
An increase in the production of carbon dioxide
Diagram 6.7 shows parts of the human alimentary canal.
Structure P
DIAGRAM 6.7
Structure P stores bile. A patient in hospital has had the structure removed and
needs a special diet. Which menu would be most suitable for this patient?
44.
Fish in cheese sauce and fruit pie
Sausages, boiled potato and cream cake
Skinless chicken, green salad and fresh orange
Fried fish, potato chips and sweet rice
A patient suffers from a malfunctioning pancreas. Which biological process would be

affected?
I
Digestion of food
II
Secretion of pancreatic juice
III
Conversion of glucose to glycogen
IV
Conversion of glycogen to glucose
I and III only
II and IV only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV
6.9
The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants
45.
Which of the following statements are true about macronutrients and micronutrients for
plant?
I
Each nutrient plays the same role in the growth of plant
6-13
46.
47.
48.
II
Macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for the growth of plants
III
Plants only require macronutrient for healthy growth
IV
All macronutrients and micronutrients are needed by plant in different quantities
I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
II and IV only
Which of the following is not the correct match of materials ions and their functions?
Mineral ions
Function
Calcium
Major component of the middle of cell wall
Magnesium
Component of chlorophyll
Nitrate
Important constituent of cellulose
Phosphate
Component of tonoplast
Which of the following are examples of major elements in plant nutrition?

I
Boron
II
Nitrogen
III
Calcium
IV
Phosphorus
I, II and III only
I, II and IV only
II, III and IV only
I, II, III and IV
Which of the following elements are needed in large quantities to form chlorophyll?
A
Calcium and iron
Iron and nitrogen
Calcium and magnesium
Nitrogen and magnesium
6-14
Observation after six weeks

Solution
Number of leaves
Colour of leaves
Same
Yellow
More
Yellow
TABLE 1
49.
An experiment is carried out to study the effect of deficiency of macronutrients. The

aquatic plant, Lemna which has green leaves is grown in solution X and solution Y. After
six weeks, the observation are as shown in Table 1. Which of the following is true about
solution X and solution Y?
50.
Solution X
Solution Y
No phosphorus
No nitrogen
No magnesium
No phosphorus
No nitrogen
No phosphorus
No nitrogen
No magnesium
Diagram 6.8 shows the apparatus set up of an experiment to study the need of nutrient
for plant growth.
DIAGRAM 6.8
Tube X is connected to an air pump. What is the function of tube X?
A
To add nutrient to the culture solution
To add oxygen to the culture solution
To remove water from the culture solution
6-15
51.
To remove microorganisms from the culture solution
The leaves of plant A are dark green, its roots do not develop well and its growth is
stunted. Plant A probably lacks
A
iron
sodium
phosphorus
magnesium
6.10
Photosynthesis
52.
Plant requires carbon dioxide and water to synthesise food. Water used by plant comes
from
53.
A.
air
B.
soil
C.
nutrient
D.
leaf
Which of the following substances required for photosynthesis?

I.
O2
II. CO2
III. H2O
IV. C6H12O6
54.
A.
I, II and III only
B.
I and IV only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II, III and IV
Which of the following substances are produced from photosynthesis?

A.
Glucose, Oxygen and water
B.
Glucose, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
C.
Glucose and Energy
D.
Energy, Water and Carbon Dioxide
6-16
55.
Diagram 6.9 below shows a section through a leaf of a plant

P
DIAGRAM 6.9
What is the adaptation of the structure P to optimise photosynthesis?
56.
A.
Have a lot of chloroplast
B.
Large air spaces between cell
C.
Cylindrical cell arranged end to end in long row
D.
Waterproof layer on the surface
Plants from different habitats are adapted to carry out photosynthesis. Which of the
following is not the right adaptation for the following plant?
A.
Bunga Raya or Hibiscus have more stomata at the lower epidermis
B.
Water Lily have only stomata at the upper surface of the leaf
C.
Hydrilla only have chloroplast at the leaf
D.
The stem of cactus have many chloroplast
6.11
The Mechanism Of Photosynthesis
57.
Diagram 6.10 below shows the structure of an organelle in plant cell.
DIAGRAM 6.10
Which of the following process occurs in structure Q?
A.
Reduction of carbon dioxide
6-17
58.
59.
B.
Water photolysis
C.
Respiration
D.
Synthesis of protein
Which of the following statement is true?

A.
The Hydrogen atoms produced during dark reaction are used in light reaction
B.
Light reaction occurs in the granum of the chloroplast
C.
Dark reaction only occurs at the night
D.
The product of light reaction is converted into starch
In the light reaction

A.
hydrogen atom reduce carbon dioxide
B.
four hydroxyl group combine together to form water and oxygen
C.
six unit of (CH2O) combine together to form a molecule of glucose
D.
energy from sunlight is absorbed to split water molecules into hydroxyl ions and
oxygen ions
60.
61.
Which of the following is true about dark reaction of photosynthesis

A.
The dark reaction take places in grana
B.
Happens both when there is a light and when it is dark
C.
Occurs only when it is dark
D.
The dark reaction produced water and oxygen
Which of the following equation is the general equation of photosynthesis?

A.
H2O ---- H+ + OH-
B.
H+ + electron --- H
C.
6H + 6CO2 -- C6H12O6 + 6 H2O
D.
6 H2O + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6.12
The Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
62.
The following statements are the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, except
A.
light intensity
6-18
63.
B.
concentration of carbon dioxide
C.
temperature
D.
pH
Diagram 6.11 below shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at
different levels of carbon dioxide
Rate of
photosynthesis
0.08% Carbon Dioxide

Light intensity
DIAGRAM 6.11
Based on the above figure, which of the following statement is true
A.
The temperature and concentration not constant
B.
Carbon dioxide is the limiting factor
C.
Light intensity is the limiting factor
D.
The rate of photosynthesis can be increased by increasing the carbon dioxide

concentration
64.
Generally, an increase of 10oC in the surrounding temperature will double the rate of
photosynthesis. However, when the temperature is too high, the photosynthesis stop.
Which of the following statement is true?
65.
A.
When the temperature is too high, enzymes are denatured
B.
The plant cannot absorb any more water
C.
When the temperature is too high, the stomata are closed
D.
No more carbon dioxide is supplied
Why the rate of photosynthesis is low in the morning and evening and high during
midday?
A.
Light intensity are low and temperature is high in the morning
6-19
B.
Light intensity are high and temperature are low in the morning
C.
Light intensity and temperature are at the highest during midday
D.
Dark reaction starts at night when there is no light
Sodium
bicarbonate
solution
Hydrylla
lamp
DIAGRAM 6.12
66.
The apparatus shown in diagram 6.12 has been set up to investigate the effect of light
intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. The experiment is repeat a few times by
adjusting the distant between lamp and Hydrylla sp. Which of the following is true about
this experiment?
A.
The number of bubbles is used to represent the rate of photosynthesis.
B.
The light intensity is decreased progressively by bringing the light bulb nearer to
the plant
C.
The results shows that the number of bubbles per minute increases as the
distance between the light bulb and Hydrylla
D.
The rate of photosynthesis decreases with light intensity
6.13
A Caring Attitude towards Plants
67.
Why do we need to take good care of plants?

I
Plants supply food for us
II
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air to prevent the green house effect
III
Plants play an important role in the water cycle
IV
Plants prevent soil erosion
I and II only
I and II and III only
6-20
68.
II and III and IV only
I, II, III and IV
Why are green plants essential to all other living things?

I
Green plants convert sunlight into chemichal energy which is made available to other living
things which eat these plants.
II
Green plants remove carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis
III
Green plants remove sulphur dioxide from the air during photosyntesis.
IV
Green plants produce oxygen which is used by all living things
A.
I and III only
B.
I,II and IV only
II, III and IV only
D.
I, II, III and IV only
6.14
Technology Used in Food Production
69.
Which of the following is the necessity for food processing?

I
Ensuring sufficient food supply
II
Avoiding food wastage
III
Preventing food from going bad
IV
Creating varieties of food
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III only
I, II III and IV
6-21
70.
Diagram 6.13 shows the products of a method of food production
DIAGRAM 6.13
Which of the following are true about the method?
I
Foods can be preserved over a year
II
Used only for preservation of fish and vegetables
III
Can destroy enzymes and kill microorganisms
IV
Discovered by Louis Pasteur
I and II only
I and III only
II and IV only
I. III and IV only
Method of planting by replacing the soil medium with culture solution for the
plants to grow.
71.
Which of the following technology of food production is explained by the information

above?
A
Direct planting
Tissue culture
Aeroponics
Hydroponics
6-22
6.15
Technological Development in Food Processing
72.
Which of the following is true about canning?
73.
74.
T h e f o o d i s h e a t e d , sterilized and sealed in airtight containers.
II
Pathogens and bacteria are destroyed.
III
The food can be kept for a long period of time.
IV
The quality of food is lost in canned food.
I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III
I, II, III and IV
A food processing method which involves culturing microorganism is

A
pasteurisation.
fermentation
refrigeration.
dehydration
T h e b e n e f i t s f r o m t h e technological development in food processing are

I
avoiding food wastage.
II
producing high quality food.
III
extending the lifespan of food.
IV
reducing the spoilage food.
I and II only
I, II and III only
I, II and IV only
I, II, III and IV
6-23
75.
Diagram 6.14 shows a type of fruit.
DIAGRAM 6.14
Which of the following food processing methods can be used to prevent the fruit from
going bad?
76.
Canning
II
Drying
III
Pasteurisation
IV
Using salt and sugar
I and II only
I and III only
II and IV only
I, II and III only
The following is correct about pasteurisation of milk except

A
milk is heated to 63C for 15 minutes
milk is rapidly cooled after heating
sudden change in temperature kills the microorganisms in milk
heating milk for a short period preserves the nutrient content in food
6-24
Structured Items
Answer all questions. Write your answer in the spaces provided in the question paper
6.1
1.
Diagram 6.15 shows different types of nutrition.

Nutrition
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Diagram 6.15
(a)
Give the definitions of:

i.
Autotrophic nutrition
ii.
Heterotrophic nutrition
[2 marks]
(b)
Name the types of nutrition represented by P, Q and R

P:
Q:
6-25
R:
[ 3 marks]
(c)
Give one example for each type of the nutrition named in (b)
[ 3 marks]
(d)
What are represented by X and Y ?
[2 marks]
(e)
Give one example for each type of the nutrition named in (d)
[ 2 marks]
6.2
2.
Diagram 6.16 shows a food pyramid. The correct proportion for the various classes of
food is shown in a food pyramid
P
Q
R
S
6-26
DIAGRAM 6.16
(a)
Name the class of food for each level labelled as P,Q,R and S
[4 marks]
(b)
Give an example for each of the food class mentioned in (a).
[4 marks]
(c)
Give four factors that affect the daily energy requirements of a person
[4 marks]
6-27
6.3
Malnutrition
3.
Diagram 6.17 shows individuals suffering from malnutrition
DIAGRAM 6.17
(a)
What disease are the individuals P, Q and R suffering from?
[ 3 marks]
(b)
Which substance is deficient in the diet of each of individuals P, Q and R?

P:
Q:
R:
[ 3 marks]
(c)
Name the disease caused by deficiency of each of the following vitamins?

i. vitamin B1:
ii. vitamin C :
[2 marks]
6-28
(d)
State two symptoms for each of the diseases in (c)
[4 marks]
6.4 Food digestion
4. Diagram 6.18 below shows the stomach of a herbivorous animal.
DIAGRAM 6.18
(a)
i.
Name an example of an animal that has this type of stomach.
ii.
What is the name of this group of animals?
[ 2 marks]
(b)
Name the labelled parts of the stomach.
[ 5 marks]
ii
State one function for each part.
6-29
[5 marks]
(c)
i.
Which part of the stomach contains micro-organisms?
ii.
Name the group of micro-organism found in this animals stomach.
iii.
What is the main role of these micro-organisms?
[ 3 marks]
6.5
5.
Diagram 6.19 below shows the vertical section of the head and mouth of a person.
P
Q
DIAGRAM 6.19
(a)
State two processes that happen to the food in the mouth.
[2 mark ]
(b)
State two important reasons for these processes.
6-30
[2 mark ]
(c)
Name the labelled parts.
[ 2 marks]
(d)
Explain how the process of swallowing occurs in the diagram.
[3 marks ]
(e)
Food can also enter into tube P. Explain.
[ 1 mark]
(f)
What is the name of the movement of food along tube Q?

[ 1 mark]
An individuals diet consists of white bread, sweet food, meat and high fat foods and this
leads to constipation. The doctor advises him to eat more fruits, vegetables and cereals
6.
6-31
(a)
What class of food found in fruits, vegetables and cereals that will help him to
prevent constipation?
[ 1mark]
(b)
Explain why the above class of food prevents constipation.
[ 4mark]
(c)
Name two diseases ( other than constipation ) that can be prevented with more
intake of the above class of food.
[ 2 marks]
6.6
DIAGRAM 6.20
7.
Diagram 6.20 shows the human digestive system.

(a)
Name organs C and B

Organ C
Organ B
[ 2 marks]
(b)
Name the enzyme and the product of the food digested in B.

Enzyme :
6-32
Product :
[ 2 marks]
(c)
Name two processes in R. Explain how the ileum is adapted for these
processes.
[ 4mark]
(d)
i.
In the box below draw a labelled diagram of the structures found

on the cell wall of D.
Blood capillaries
Epithelium
Lacteal
[ 3 mark ]
ii
State three characteristics of the structure, which help it to perform

efficiently.
[ 3 mark ]
6-33
iii.
State the functions of the blood circulatory system and lymphatic system
in the structure.
[ 4 mark ]
(e)
i.
Explain the difference between a human and herbivore digestive system.
[ 2 marks]
ii
State where cellulose digestion takes place in rabbits and cattle.
[ 2 marks]
6.7 Evaluating Eating Habits
6-34
8.
Table 1 shows an analysis of the contents of a biscuits packets.

Carbohydrate
Proteins
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
35.9 %
20.7 %
8.5 %
3.3 %
0.7 %
TABLE 1
a.
i.
Which of the food substances is used for growth and repair a damage
cell?
[ 1 mark ]
ii
Which of the food substances may contain a simpler sugar?
[ 1 mark ]
iii
What is the percentage of the food contents that are not included in
the list?
[ 1 mark ]
b.
What kind of food substances is not in the list?
[ 1 mark ]
ii
Which food in your answer in (b)(i) could help a person to avoid

constipation?
Explain briefly how it works.
6-35
[ 4 marks ]
c.
Iron is one of the minerals that our body need. Iron requirement is higher in a girl
but lower in a boy of the same age. Suggest your answer for this statement.
[ 2 marks ]
d.
Explain the effects of smoking cigarettes on health problem during pregnancy.
[ 2 mark ]
6.8
Importance Of A Healthy Digestive System
(a)
What type of food is digested in the stomach?

[ 1 mark ]
ii
Why is the stomach wall not digested even though there are enzymes
inside it?
.
[ 2 marks ]
(b)
State one function of colon.
ii
State one food which does not need to be digested.

]
6-36
iii
What happen to the undigested food?

[ 3 marks ]
(c).
Explain why most of the food need to be digested.
[ 2 mark ]
6.9
The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants
10
Table 2 shows an experiment to study the effects of the lack of nutrient in plants.
Bottle
Salt
0.8 g/ l calcium nitrate
0.2 g / l calcium nitrate
0.2g / l potassium dihydrogen
phosphate
0.2 g / l magnesium sulphate
Ferrum phosphate
1000 cm3 distilled water
X
X
/
/
NaNO3
/
/
/
X
X
/
/
/
/
/
X
KCl
/
/
/
/
X
/
/
/
/
/
X
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
K2SO4
/
/
/
/
/
TABLE 2
(a)
Which of the bottles contained a complete Knops culture solution?
6-37
[1 mark ]
(b)
State the mineral nutrients that are not present in the following bottles:
[3 marks ]
(c)
State one effect from the lack of mineral nutrients in the following bottles:
[3 marks]
(d)
State the mineral nutrients missing in Bottle 4.

[1 mark ]
(e)
Give one function of

i
Phosphorus
ii
Magnesium
6-38
[2 marks]
[ 2 marks ]
6.10
Photosynthesis
P:
Q:
R:
DIAGRAM 6.21
S:
11.
Diagram 6.21 shows a cross section of a leaf.

(a)
The leaf is adapted to optimise photosynthesis through external

features and internal features.
i.
State two adaptation to the structure for external features to optimise

photosynthesis
ii.
Explain your answer.
[ 4marks]
6-39
(b)
Label the boxes in the diagram
(c)
i.
[ 2 marks ]
State one adaptation of structure P to optimise photosynthesis

]
ii.
(d)
Explain your answer in c (i)
[ 2 mark ]
State one adaptation of structure S of the plant to optimise photosynthesis
and give your explanation.
Cactus
Water Lily
[4 mark]
6-40
6.11
The Mechanism Of Photosynthesis

Reduced Carbon
dioxide to form
glucose
Su
n
Process R
Water
X+ + OH-
Receive electron to form atom X
Process N
Process S
Process M
DIAGRAM 6.22
11.
(a)
State what is X?
6-41
Name the process N

[ 2 marks ]
(b)
Explain your answer
[2 marks ]
(c)
Water used in Process N. Where does the water come from?

[1 mark]
(d)
Process R occurs in one part of chloroplast. Name the part.

[1 mark ]
(e)
Write down the general equation of photosynthesis

[1 mark]
(f)
State two differences between dark reaction and light reaction
[ 2 marks ]
[2 marks ]
(g)
State one difference between photosynthesis and Process M
[1 mark ]
(h)
State what happens to the Hidroxide ions during Process S
[1 mark]
6-42
6.12
The Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Rate of
photosynthesis
Rate of
photosynthesis
0.13% CO2 at 30oC

0.03% CO2 at 30oC
QP
Light intensity
DIAGRAM 6.23b
DIAGRAM 6.23a
13.
temperature
Diagram 6.23a and 6.23 b shown factor affect the rate of photosynthesis
The concentration of carbon dioxide and temperature are controlled at constant levels
(a)
i.
In Diagram 6.23a, before point P, what is shown by the graph?
ii.
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis up to point P

[ 2marks ]
(b)
State two limiting factors which limit the reaction along PQ
[ 2 marks ]
6-43
(c)
In Diagram 6.23a draw the graph if the concentration of carbon dioxide is more
than 0.13 % at 30oC
(d).
[ 1mark ]
Based on Diagram 6.23b, explain the relationship between the rate

of photosynthesis and temperature
[ 3 mark ]
(e)
Photosynthesis stops at 50 oC . Explain why?
[ 1 mark ]
(f)
Under what condition does carbon dioxide concentration become a limiting

factor?
[ 1 mark ]
(g)
The rate of photosynthesis in plant is not constant throughout the day.

Explain why the rate of photosynthesis is low in the morning and high during
midday.
6-44
[ 2 marks ]
6.14: Understanding the technology used in food production

14.
The population of Malaysia is increasing rapidly. Hence, there is a need to increase the
quantity as well as the quality of food to fulfill the demand.
Diagram 6.24
shows one of the method used to increase food production.
DIAGRAM 6.24
(a)
(i).
Name the method.

[1 mark]
(ii)
What is fluid X?
[1 mark]
6-45
(b)
The method in (a)(i) does not use soil to grow vegetables. Explain why.
[2 marks]
(c)
Aeroponics is another way to grow plants without using soil.

How does it differ from the method (a)(i).
[Any two correct answers: 2 marks]

(d)
State 2 advantages of using this method to grow vegetables
[Any two correct answers: 2 marks]
6-46
e)
Beside the method in (a)(i) and the aeroponics, explain two other ways that
could be used to increase the food production.
[2 marks]
6.15
Technology in food processing
Q
P
Q
DIAGRAM 6.25
15.
State one method to preserve P and Q so the food can be kept for a long time.
P:
Q:
[ 2 marks]
(a) Explain the process in (a)
P:
[4 marks]
Q:
6-47
[4 marks]
(b) Explain why it is not good to eat too much preserved food
-
[2 marks]
Essay Items
Answer all questions
6.1
1.
Compare and contrast the following modes of nutrition:

(a)
autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition
[4 marks]
(b)
photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic nutrition
[5 marks]
(c)
Saprophytic nutrition and parasitic nutrition
[4 marks]
6.2
(a)
What is meant by a balanced diet?
(b)
Discuss the importance of the following classes of food:
(c)
i.
roughage
ii.
water
[2 marks]
[8 marks]
Discuss briefly a diet appropriate for the following target group:

i.
children
ii.
pregnant mothers
6.3
Malnutrition
3.
(a)
[10 marks]
The table shows an analysis of the percentage nutrient content of a

balanced diet that should be taken by a person daily.
Nutrient
Percentage intake
6-48
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Vitamin & mineral salts
60
30
10
Small quantity
The table shows the daily eating habits of Siti and Devi
Siti
Eats regularly at a fixed time.
Drinks at least 7 glasses of

water daily.
Chooses food that contains
Devi
Eats irregularly as and when she
remembers or when she is free.
Drinks very little water.
Likes to eat fast food and junk

food that does not contain the
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
right amount of carbohydrates,
vitamins and mineral salts
lipids, proteins, vitamins and
based on the standard of a
mineral salts, does not follow the
balanced diet.
standard of a balanced diet.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the eating habits of Devi compared
to Siti over a period of time.
(b)
[10 marks]
Obesity and anorexia nervosa are two diseases caused by malnutrition. Discuss.
6.4 Food Digestion
P
p
6-49
4.
Name the parts of the digestive system labelled P, X, R, and S

in Figure 27.
[ 4 marks]
Describe the functions of the part labelled P
[ 8 marks ]
c.
Digestion of food occurs actively in the part labelled S which receives juices
secreted by the part labelled P and R. Explain the digestion of food in the part
labelled S. Word equations should be given to show the reactions which occur
during digestion.
[ 8 marks ]
6.5
5.
(a)
Explain what is digestion.
[2 marks]
(b)
Discuss the digestion of cellulose in ruminants.
[10marks]
(c)
State the differences between the processes of cellulose digestion in
6.6
I.
humans
II.
ruminants
III.
rodents
[ 8 marks]
6-50
6.7
Evaluating eating habit
6.
Diagram 1 shows the menu for Susans breakfast. She takes a cup of milk and two
slides of whole meal bread spread with butter.
DIAGRAM 1
a.
i.
Is Susans breakfast menu a balanced diet for an adult? Give

reasons for your answer.
ii
[ 4 marks]
Explain how the food rich in carbohydrate is digested in the body of

Susan.
b.
[ 6 marks]
Table 1 shows the results of an analysis on a snack food such as Rempeyek

chips.
Mass per 100g of
Content
Carbohydrate
Rempeyek chips
21.1
Protein
2.7
Lipid
18.5
Fibre
1.8
Sodium chlorides
0.4
A boy frequently eats this snack food. He eats three packets everyday in the
evening. Are the Rempeyek chips suitable as a daily diet for the boy?
[ 2 marks]
c
John likes to eat fried chicken, hamburger, chocolates and ice-cream and he
6-51
dislikes vegetables and fruits. Discuss why this is an unhealthy diet.

[ 8 marks ]
6.8 The Importance of a Healthy Digestive System

7
(a)
Rice and salt are important component of an individuals diet. Rice

need to be digested before it can be absorbed whereas salt can be
absorbed directly. Explain why.
ii
[8 marks]
Explain how bad eating habits can cause a health problem.

[2 marks]
(b)
Malaysian families eat out very often because working parents do not have time
to prepare home cooked food. These eating habits lead to many health
problems.
Imagine that you are preparing a talk on Good eating habits for group of parents,
discuss some good eating habits that you may want to educate them.
[10 marks]
6.9 The Importance of Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plants

8.
(a)
Distinguish between major elements and essential elements in relation to a

plants nutritional requirements.
[12 marks]
(b)
State two functions each for the following elements in plants. [ 8 marks]
6.10 Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in green leaves. The leaf is adapted for optimal photosynthesis.
9.
a..
Based on the statement above, draw and label a diagram of cross section
6-52
of a leaf
b.
[ 4 Marks]
Explain how the leaf is adapted to optimise photosynthesis

[10 mark]
c.
By using two examples, explain how plants from different habitats adapt
themselves to carry out photosynthesis
[6 mark]
6.11 The Mechanism of Photosynthesis

10.
The process of photosynthesis is divided into two principal type of reaction, the light
reaction and the dark reaction
Based on the statement above, explain the process of light reaction and dark reaction
6.16
The Factor Affecting Photosynthesis

i. List down factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
[ 3 mark ]
ii. Explain that factor affect the rate of photosynthesis

[7 marks ]
6.17
Technological Development in Food Processing
Your friend intends to process a local food item to be exported

as light snacks to overseas market. He wants some guidance
on food processing so that his processed snacks can appeal
to the overseas consumers, and at the same time he can
make some profits.
12. (a)
Describe the principles of food processing that may help your friend in deciding
a suitable food processing method
[10
marks]
The population of Malaysia is at 27 million in 2007. The concern of Malaysia is

that her imported food has been gradually rising since 2000.
6-53
Discuss the efforts taken to diversify our food production
6-54
[10 marks]

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PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Multiple Choice Questions:

Understanding Types Of Nutrition

Which of the following plants is not capable of carrying out photosynthesis?

Which is the mode of nutrition of decomposers?

Which of the following organisms practice parasitism?

Applying The Concept Of Balanced Diet

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Why is vitamin E essential in our diet?

What vitamins can be produced by bacterial action in the large

Rich sources of vitamin A are

I and III only

Which of the following regarding roughage is true?

I and III only

I and III only

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause

Which of the following is the result of calcium deficiency?

I, II and III only

Shortage of lipids in a cell will cause

What happens to the excess amino acid that is absorbed?

Which of the following diseases is due to the lack of vitamin in the

I and III only

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

16. What enzyme does saliva contain ?

Diagram 6.2 below shows a part of the human digestive system.

No enzymes can go into the duodenum

The digestion of carbohydrate will decrease

The digestion of fat will decrease

Digested food cannot be carried to the liver.

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Absorption And Assimilation Of Digested Food

Which of the following are functions of the liver?

Destruction of red blood cells

Regulation of blood sugar level

Conversion of excess amino acids into urea

I and III only

II and III only

I,II, III and IV

Amino acids are used for

cell growth and cell repair

making enzymes and proteins of plasma membrane

I and III only

II and III only

III and IV only

II, III and IV only

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Based on diagram 6.3, answer questions 24 and 25

Nutrients that can be found in X are

I, II and III only

I, III and IV only

II, III and IV only

I, II, III and IV

What is the function of the part labelled Y ?

to absorb amino acids

to transport fatty acids

to increase the surface area of the villus

to transport glucose and blood

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

II and III only

I, III and IV only

Absorption of mineral salts