Summary Sheet

Session Number : 2
Date : 13.03.2007
Subject Expert :

Dr. M.C. Nataraja

Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
S.J. College of Engineering,
Mysore 570 006.
Phone:0821-2343521, 9880447742
E-mail: nataraja96@yahoo.com

Detailing of Steel in Footings

Learning Outcomes:

After this students will be able to do the detailing of

different types of isolated footings through drawing
and bar bending schedule.

Detailing of Steel in Footings

Footings
The function of a footing or a foundation is to transmit the
load form the structure to the underlying soil.
The choice of suitable type of footing depends on the depth at
which the bearing strata lies, the soil condition and the type of
superstructure.

Types of footing
Following are the different types of footing used for concrete
structure
Isolated footing
Combined footings
Strap footing
Mat or raft foundation
Pile foundation

Isolated footings
Isolated footings are provided under each column and may
be square, rectangular, or circular in plan. Footing may be
flat or tapered.

Combined footings
PROPERTY LINE

COMBINED
FOOTING

COMBINED
FOOTING

RECTANGULAR AND TRAPEZOIDAL TYPES

Combined footings
Combined footings are provided to support two or more
column loads. These may be continuous with rectangular
or trapezoidal in plan as shown. Combined footings
become necessary under the following circumstances:
when the isolated footings overlap.
when the exterior column is close to the property line with
the result symmetrical isolated footing can not be
provided.

Strap footing
Strap footing is one of the types of combined types of
combined. It consists of an isolated footing of two columns
connected by a beam called strap beam. The strap beam
does not remain in contact with the soil and thus does not
transfer any load to the soil. This is provided when one of
the columns is on the property line.
PROPERTY LINE

STRAP
BEAM
STRAP FOOTING

Mat foundation
The is provided when the soil is having
very low bearing capacity and or when
columns loads are heavy, the required
footing area becomes very large and
uneconomical.

MAT FOUNDATION

Detailing
Size of footing
BM1

Depth at footing

OWS

Depth of footing edge

Nominal and effective cover

d/2

BM2

Development length
Minimum and maximum steel
Spacing of bars and stirrups

TWS
d
PLAN

Detailing of steel in rectangular

footing as per IS:456-2000
Reinforcement
Long and short direction
In short direction larger steel area is needed in the central portion and is given by

Ast ,central band

Ast ,total , short direction

2
( L / B) 1

Reminder of the steel in end bands

Development length= Ldt= f s . s
4

bd

Ldt = 47s for M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel

PROBLEM
An isolated footing is to be provided for a column of section
400 mm x 400 mm. The following details re given:
Height of the column =3m
Main reinforcement in column = 4 Nos. 16 mm diameter.
Transverse reinforcement = 6 mm at 220 mm c/c
Plan size of footing = 2.7 m x 2.7 m
Depth of footing at column face = 500 mm
Depth of footing at edge = 150 mm
Depth of foundation = 1000 mm

Isolated footing Contd..

Footing reinforcement = a mesh of 20 mm diameter steel at
250 mm c/c.
Grade of concrete= M20
Grade of steel = Fe415
Draw to a suitable scale the following:
Plan
Sectional Elevation
Prepare bar bending schedule

20 Marks

Solution:
Development length in tension = 47 = 47 x 16= 752 mm
Depth at junction = 500 mm
Leg length available for column bars = Ldt 500 = 252 mm <
300 mm.
Provide 300 mm minimum.
Development length of 20 mm bars in footing = 47 x 20 = 940
mm
This is provided by the horizontal projection of bars. Bars
need not be bent at ends in to the depth of footing.

Number of bars in footing = 11 Numbers at 200 mm c/c with a

side cover of 100 mm.
Width of footing= 10 x 250 + 100 x 2 =2700 mm
Follow all specification of SP 34 and prepare the drawing

Square footing
400
400

CROSS SECTION

3000 mm

4- #16

GROUND LEVEL

27
00

4- #16

DEPTH OF
FOUNDATION
500 mm

#6@220
27
00

#20@250
Ldt

L dc
150 min.

75

300 min.
Ldt

75

LEVELLING COURSE
SECTIONAL ELEVATION

PL
AN

Rectangular footing
400

300
CROSS SECTION

GROUND LEVEL
DEPTH OF
FOUNDATION
500 mm

6- #20
#8@200
#16@200
Ldt

75
75

L dc

300 min.
Ldt
75

LEVELLING COURSE

PLAN

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

PLAN

Rectangular footing
300
CROSS SECTION
320
0

GROUND LEVEL
DEPTH OF
FOUNDATION
500 mm

6- #20
#8@200
#16@200
Ldt

75
75

220
0

L dc

300 min.
Ldt
75

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

LEVELLING COURSE
EB

CB=
2200
PLAN

EB

Column steel detailing

48tr

75

> 75

Column steel detailing

> 48tr

48tr

> 48tr
> 75

> 75

> 75

> 75

Column steel detailing

> 48tr

tr

48tr

75

Detailing with dowel bars

Pu/bD < 0.45fck A1/A2

A1=bxD

2Df
2:1

Df

A2= [b+4Df] x [D+4Df}

Detailing with
dowel bars
DEPTH OF
FOUNDATION
500 mm

LAP

Dowel bars
or starter
bars
#16@200

Ldt
75
75

L dc
300 min.

75

Ldt
SECTIONAL ELEVATION

LEVELLING COURSE

Bar bending schedule

For exercise problem
For footing only

Member

Footing

Mark

No. of
bars

Diameter
in mm

Length
in
m/piece

Total
length in
m

Bar details

Remarks

#20

11

20

2.55

28.05

#20@250

11

20

2.55

28.05

#20@250

Total length in m/diameter

56.10

Weight in kg/m

2.45

Total weight in kg/diameter

137.45

Estimation of quantity of concrete

Volume of concrete = L x B x D
L= length in m
B=Breadth in m
D=Thickness in m
Apply for rectangular and trapezoidal part
Weight of concrete, kg = Volume x density