ETABS MANUAL

Part-II: Model Analysis & Design of Slabs

According to Eurocode 2

AUTHOR: VALENTINOS NEOPHYTOU BEng (Hons), MSc

REVISION 1: April, 2013

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

This document presents an example of analysis design of slab using ETABS.
This example examines a simple single story building, which is regular in plan
and elevation. It is examining and compares the calculated ultimate moment
from ETABS with hand calculation. Moment coefficients were used to
calculate the ultimate moment. However it is good practice that such hand
analysis methods are used to verify the output of more sophisticated
methods.
Also, this document contains simple procedure (step-by-step) of how to
design solid slab according to Eurocode 2. The process of designing elements
will not be revolutionised as a result of using Eurocode 2.
Due to time constraints and knowledge, I may not be able to address the
whole issues.
Please send me your suggestions for improvement. Anyone interested to
share his/her knowledge or willing to contribute either totally a new section
about ETABS or within this section is encouraged.

For further details:

My LinkedIn Profile:
http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=125833097&trk=hb_tab_pro_top

Email: valentinos_n@hotmail.com

Slideshare Account: http://www.slideshare.net/ValentinosNeophytou

Table of Contents
1.0 Slab modeling .......................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Assumptions............................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Initial step before run the analysis ........................................................................... 4
2.0 Calculation of ultimate moments ............................................................................. 5
3.0 Design of slab according to Eurocode 2 .................................................................. 7
4.0 Example 1: Analysis and design of RC slab using ETABS................................... 11
4.1 Ultimate moments results ...................................................................................... 12
4.1.1 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Longitudinal direction Ly............. 12
4.1.2 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Transverse direction Lx ................ 12
4.1.3 Hand calculation results ...................................................................................... 13
4.1.4 Hand calculation Results..................................................................................... 14


1.0 Slab modeling
1.1 Assumptions
In preparing this document a number of assumptions have been made to avoid over
complication; the assumptions and their implications are as follows.
a) Element type

SHELL

b) Meshing (Sizing of element) :

Size= min{Lmax/10 or l000mm}

c) Element shape

Ratio= Lmax/Lmin = 1 ratio 2

d) Acceptable error

20%

1.2 Initial step before run the analysis

a) Sketch out by hand the expected results before carrying out the analysis.
b) Calculate by hand the total applied loads and compare these with the sum of
the reactions from the model results.


2.0 Calculation of ultimate moments
Maximum moments of two-way slabs

If ly/lx < 2: Design as a Two-way slab

If lx/ly > 2: Deisgn as a One-way slab


Note: lx is the longer span

ly is the shorter span








Maximum moment of Simply supported (pinned) two-way slab




Bending moment coefficient for simply supported slab

Msx= asxnlx2 in
n: is the ultimate load m2
lx
direction of span
ly/lx 1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5 1.75 2.0
2
Msy= asynlx in
n: is the ultimate load m2
asx 0.062 0.074 0.084 0.093 0.099 0.104 0.113 0.118
direction of span
ly
asy 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.055 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.029





Maximum moment of Restrained supported (fixed) two-way slab





Msx= asxnlx2 in
n: is the ultimate load m2
direction of span lx

Msy= asynlx2 in
n: is the ultimate load m2

direction of span ly





Bending moment coefficient for two way rectangular slab supported by beams

(Manual of EC2 ,Table 5.3)


Type of panel and moment
Short span coefficient for value of Ly/Lx
Long-span coefficients for all
considered
values of Ly/Lx
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0

Interior panels

Negative moment
at continuous edge
0.031 0.044
0.053
0.059
0.063
0.032
at midspan
Positive moment
0.024 0.034
0.040
0.044
0.048
0.024

One short edge discontinuous
Negative moment
at continuous edge
0.039 0.050
0.058
0.063
0.067
0.037

Positive moment
at
midspan
0.029
0.038
0.043
0.047
0.050
0.028

One long edge discontinuous

Negative moment at continuous edge
0.039 0.059
0.073
0.083
0.089
0.037
at midspan
Positive moment
0.030 0.045
0.055
0.062
0.067
0.028

Two adjacent edges discontinuous
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at midspan

0.047
0.036

0.066
0.049

0.078
0.059

0.087
0.065

0.093
0.070

0.045
0.034

Maximum moments of one-way slabs

If ly/lx < 2: Design as a Two-way slab

If lx/ly > 2: Deisgn as a One-way slab
Note: lx is the longer span
ly is the shorter span

Maximum moment of Simply supported (pinned)

one-way slab
(Manual of EC2, Table 5.2)
L: is the effective
span

F: is the total ultimate
MEd= 0.086FL
load =1.35Gk+1.5Qk
L: is the effective span
Note: Allowance has been made in the coefficients in
Table 5.2 for 20% redistribution of moments.

Maximum moment of continuous supported oneway slab

(Manual of EC2 ,Table 5.2)

Uniformly distributed loads

End support condition
Moment
End support support
MEd =-0.040FL
End span
MEd =0.075FL
Penultimate support
MEd= -0.086FL
Interior spans
MEd =0.063FL
Interior supports
MEd =-0.063FL
F: total design ultimate load on span
L: is the effective span
Note: Allowance has been made in the coefficients in
Table 5.2 for 20% redistribution of moments.


3.0 Design of slab according to Eurocode 2
FLEXURAL DESIGN
(EN1992-1-1,cl. 6.1)
Determine design yield strength of reinforcement
!"
!" =
!

Determine K from:
!"
= !
!"
= 0.6 0.18 ! 0.21

=1.0 for no redistribution

=0.85 for 15% redistribution
=0.7 for 30% redistribution

K<K (no compression reinforcement required)

!

Obtain lever arm z: = !1 + 1 3.53! 0.95

!

K>K (then compression reinforcement required

not recommended for typical slab)
!

Obtain lever arm z: = !1 + 1 3.53 ! 0.95

!

Area of steel reinforcement required:

One way solid slab
Two way solid slab

!.!"# =

!"

!"

!",!"

!"
!",!"
=

!"

!".!"# =
!".!"#

For slabs, provide group of bars with area A s.prov per meter width
Spacing of bars (mm)

Bar
Diameter
(mm)

8
10
12
16
20
25
32

75
670
1047
1508
2681
4189
6545
10723

100
503
785
1131
2011
3142
4909
8042

125
402
628
905
1608
2513
3927
6434

150
335
524
754
1340
2094
3272
5362

175
287
449
646
1149
1795
2805
4596

200
251
393
565
1005
1571
2454
4021

225
223
349
503
894
1396
2182
3574

250
201
314
452
804
1257
1963
3217

275
183
286
411
731
1142
1785
2925

300
168
262
377
670
1047
1636
2681

8
402
628
905
1608
2513
3927
6434

9
452
707
1018
1810
2827
4418
7238

10
503
785
1131
2011
3142
4909
8042

For beams, provide group of bars with area As. prov

Number of bars

Bar
Diameter
(mm)

8
10
12
16
20
25
32

1
50
79
113
201
314
491
804

2
101
157
226
402
628
982
1608

3
151
236
339
603
942
1473
2413

4
201
314
452
804
1257
1963
3217

5
251
393
565
1005
1571
2454
4021

6
302
471
679
1206
1885
2945
4825

7
352
550
792
1407
2199
3436
5630

Check of the amount of reinforcement provided above the minimum/maximum amount of
reinforcement limit
(CYS NA EN1992-1-1, cl. NA 2.49(1)(3))

!,!"# =

0.26!"#
0.0013 !,!"#$ !,!"# = 0.04!
!"

SHEAR FORCE DESIGN

(EN1992-1-1,cl 6.2)

Maximum moment of Simply supported (pinned)

one-way slab
(Manual of EC2, Table 5.2)

Maximum shear force of continuous supported

one-way slab
(Manual of EC2 ,Table 5.2)

MEd= 0.4F

F: is the total ultimate

load =1.35Gk+1.5Qk

Uniformly distributed loads

End support condition
Moment
End support support
MEd =0.046F
Penultimate support
MEd= 0.6F
Interior supports
MEd =0.5F
F: total design ultimate load on span

Determine design shear stress, vEd

vEd=VEd/bd

Reinforcement ratio, 1 (EN1992-1-1, cl 6.2.2(1))

1=As/bd


Design shear resistance
=1+!

!".! = !

200
2,0 with in mm

!
0.18
(100! !" )! + ! !" !
!

!".!.!"# = !0.0035!!" !.! + ! !" !

Alternative value of design shear resistance, VRd.c (Concrete centre) (a)

I =
As/(bd)

Effective depth, d (mm)

200
225
250
275
300
350
0.25%
0.54
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.47
0.45
0.50%
0.59
0.57
0.56
0.55
0.54
0.52
0.75%
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.63
0.62
0.59
1.00%
0.75
0.72
0.71
0.69
0.68
0.65
1.25%
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.73
0.71
1.50%
0.85
0.83
0.81
0.79
0.78
0.75
1.75%
0.90
0.87
0.85
0.83
0.82
0.79
2.00%
0.94
0.91
0.89
0.87
0.85
0.82
k
2.000
1.943
1.894 1.853 1.816 1.756
1/3
1.5 0.5
Table derived from: vRd.c=0.12k(100 I fck) 0.035k fck
where k=1+(200/d)0.50.02

400
0.43
0.51
0.58
0.64
0.69
0.73
0.77
0.80
1.707

450
0.41
0.49
0.56
0.62
0.67
0.71
0.75
0.78
1.667

500
600
0.40 0.38
0.48 0.47
0.55 0.53
0.61 0.59
0.66 0.63
0.70 0.67
0.73 0.71
0.77 0.74
1.632 1.577

750
0.36
0.45
0.51
0.57
0.61
0.65
0.68
0.71
1.516

If VRdcVEdVRdc.min, Concrete strut is adequate in resisting shear

stress

Shear reinforcement is not required in slabs

DESIGN FOR CRACKING

(EN1992-1-1,cl.7.3)

Minimum area of reinforcement steel

within tensile zone
(EN1992-1-1,Eq. 7.1)
!.!!" =

kc=0.4 for bending

k=1 for web width < 300mm or
k=0.65for web > 800mm
fct,eff= fctm = tensile strength after 28 days
Act=Area of concrete in tension=b (h-(2.5(d-z)))
s=max stress in steel immediately after crack
initiation

! !",!"" !"
!

! = !" !

!!.!"# !
!!.!"#$ !

or

! = 0.62 !

!!.!"#
!
!!.!"#$ !"

Chart to calculate unmodified steel stress su

(Concrete Centre - www.concretecentre.com)

Asmin<As.prov

Crack widths have an influence on the durability of the RC member. Maximum crack width
sizes can be determined from the table below (knowing s, bar diameter, and spacing).
Maximum bar diameter and maximum spacing to limit crack widths
(EN1992-1-1,table7.2N&7.3N)
s
(N/mm2)

Maximum bar diameter and spacing for

maximum crack width of:
0.2mm
0.3mm
0.4mm
160
25
200
32
300
40
300
200
16
150
25
250
32
300
240
12
100
16
200
20
250
280
8
50
12
150
16
200
300
6
10
100
12
150
Note. The table demonstrates that cracks widths can be reduced if;
s is reduced
Bar diameter is reduced. This mean that spacing is reduced if As.prov is to be the
same.
Spacing is reduced


DESIGN FOR DEFLECTION
(EN1992-1-1,cl.7.4)
Simplified Calculation approach

Span/effective depth ratio

(EN1992-1-1, Eq. 7.16a and 7.16b)
The effect of cracking complicacies the deflection calculations of the RC member under
service load. To avoid such complicate calculations, a limit placed upon the span/effective
depth ration.
!.!

!
!
= !11 + 1.5!!" + 3.2!!" ! 1! ! !

!
1
,
= !11 + 1.5!!"
+
!!" ! ! > !

12
!
Note: The span-to-depth ratios should ensure that deflection is limited to span/250

Structural system modification factor

(CY NA EN1992-1-1,NA. table 7.4N)
The values of K may be reduced to account for long span as follow:
In beams and slabs w here the span>7.0m, multiply by leff/7
Type of member
Cantilever
Flat slab
Simply supported
Continuous end
span
Continuous interior
span

K
0.4
1.2
1.0
1.3
1.5

Reference reinforcement
ratio
(EN1992-1-1,cl. 7.4.2(2))

! = 0.001!!"

Tension reinforcement ratio

(EN1992-1-1,cl. 7.4.2(2))
=

!.!"#

10


4.0 Example 1: Analysis and design of RC slab using ETABS
1.

Dimensions:

Depth of slab, h:
Length in longitudinal direction, Ly:
Length in transverse direction, Lx:
Number of slab panels:
2.

Loads:

Dead load:
Self weight, gk.s:
Extra dead load, gk.e:
Total dead load, Gk:
Live load:
Live load, qk:
Total live load, Qk:
3.

h=150mm
Ly=6m
Lx=5m
N=3

gk.s=3.75kN/m2
gk.e=1.00kN/m2
Gk=4.75kN/m2
gk=2.00kN/m2
Qk=2.00kN/m2

Load combination:

Total load on slab: 1.35Gk+1.5Qk=

COMB1:
4.

1.35*4.75+1.5*2.00=9.1kN/m2

Layout of model:

11


4.1 Ultimate moments results
4.1.1 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Longitudinal direction Ly

4.1.2 Maximum hogging and Sagging moment at Transverse direction Lx

12


4.1.3 Hand calculation results
Ultimate moment at longitudinal direction Ly
Program results

ETABS Results
Hand calculation
results 1
Error percentage

Mid-span
GL1-GL2
(kNm)

GL2
(kNm)

Mid-span
GL2-GL3
(kNm)

GL3

Mid-span
GL3-GL4
(kNm)

10.43

11.54

7.68

11.54

10.40

10.20

13.60

8.00

10.70

10.20

2,20%

15.14%

4.00%

7.30%

1.92%

Hand calculation are based on moment coefficient of Manual to Eurocode 2

Institutional of Structural Engineers, 2006 (Table 5.2).

Ultimate moment at longitudinal direction Lx

Program results

ETABS Results
Hand calculation
results 1
Error percentage

Mid-span
GL1-GL2
(kNm)

Mid-span
GL2-GL3
(kNm)

Mid-span
GL3-GL4
(kNm)

13.5

13.5

13.5

13.2

13.2

13.2

2.20%

2.20%

2.20%

Hand calculation are based on moment coefficient of Manual to Eurocode 2

Institutional of Structural Engineers, 2006 (Table 5.2).

13


4.1.4 Hand calculation Results
Analysis and design of Interior slab panel (GL1-GL2)

14


Analysis and design of Interior slab panel (GL2-GL3)

15


Analysis and design of Interior slab panel (GL3-GL4)

16