THE TEXT.

Prove:
We'll prove this property for 3x3 matrices but the method of the proof is universal.
So take P =

[a b c]
[d e f]
[g h i]
Let A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I be the cofactors of a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i.
We multiply the elements of a row, say the second, with the corresponding cofactors of
another row, say the the first.
We have to prove that dA+eB+fC = 0.
Take now the matrix Q =
[d e f]
[d e f]
[g h i]
Since the matrix has two equal rows,its determinant is 0. So det(Q) = 0.
Furthermore, the cofactors of corresponding elements of the first row of P and Q are the
same. These cofactors are A B and C.
Hence the calculation of det(Q) emanating from the first row gives dA+eB+fC.
Since we know that det(Q) = 0, dA+eB+fC = 0.
Q.E.D.

Inverse matrix of a regular square matrix

We say that B is an inverse matrix of A if and only if A.B=I=B.A . (I is the identity matrix.)

Uniqueness of the inverse matrix

We show that it is impossible that there are two inverse matrices for A.
Say, there are two inverse matrices B and C for A, then we have
A.B=I=B.A and A.C=I=C.A
Then, B=I.B=C.A.B=C.I=C
So B=C is the unique inverse of A.

Calculating the inverse of a regular square matrix

We'll show that for the unique inverse B of a regular matrix A holds:
B = (adjoint of A) / det(A) We'll prove this property for 3x3 matrices but the method of the
proof is universal.
First we'll calculate
A.(adjoint of A) =
[a b c] [A D G]
[d e f] . [B E H] =
[g h i] [C F I]
[aA+bB+cC aD+bE+cF aG+bH+cI]
[dA+eB+fC dD+eE+fF dG+eH+fI] =
[gA+hB+iC gD+hE+iF gG+hH+iI]

Because of the cofactors property,

[aA+bB+cC 0 0 ]
[ 0 dD+eE+fF 0 ] =
[ 0 0 gG+hH+iI]

The diagonal elements of this matrix are det(A)

[ det(A) 0 0 ]
[ 0 det(A) 0 ] =
[ 0 0 det(A)]

[ 1 0 0]
det(A). [ 0 1 0] =
[ 0 0 1]

det(A).I
In the same way, (adjoint of A).A =det(A).I

Prove: [g h i]
We'll prove this property for 3x3 matrices Since the matrix has two equal rows,its
but the method of the proof is universal. determinant is 0. So det(Q) = 0.
So take P = Furthermore, the cofactors of
corresponding elements of the first row of
P and Q are the same. These cofactors
[a b c] are A B and C.
[d e f]
Hence the calculation of det(Q)
[g h i]
emanating from the first row gives
Let A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I be the cofactors of
dA+eB+fC.
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i.
Since we know that det(Q) = 0,
We multiply the elements of a row, say the
dA+eB+fC = 0.
second, with the corresponding cofactors
Q.E.D.
of another row, say the the first.
We have to prove that dA+eB+fC = 0.
Take now the matrix Q = Inverse matrix of a regular square
matrix
[d e f]
[d e f]
We say that B is an inverse matrix of A if [dA+eB+fC dD+eE+fF dG+eH+fI]
=
and only if A.B=I=B.A . (I is the identity [gA+hB+iC gD+hE+iF gG+hH+iI]
matrix.)
Because of the cofactors
Uniqueness of the inverse matrix property,

[aA+bB+cC 0 0 ]
We show that it is impossible that there are [ 0 dD+eE+fF 0 ]
two inverse matrices for A. =
Say, there are two inverse matrices B and [ 0 0 gG+hH+iI]
C for A, then we have
The diagonal elements of
A.B=I=B.A and A.C=I=C.A this matrix are det(A)
Then, B=I.B=C.A.B=C.I=C
So B=C is the unique inverse of A. [ det(A) 0 0 ]
[ 0 det(A) 0 ] =
[ 0 0 det(A)]
Calculating the inverse of a regular
square matrix [ 1 0 0]
det(A). [ 0 1 0] =
[ 0 0 1]
We'll show that for the unique inverse B of
a regular matrix A holds: det(A).I
B = (adjoint of A) / det(A) We'll prove this In the same way, (adjoint of A).A =det(A).I
property for 3x3 matrices but the method
of the proof is universal.
First we'll calculate
A.(adjoint of A) =
[a b c] [A D G]
[d e f] . [B E H] =
[g h i] [C F I]

[aA+bB+cC aD+bE+cF aG+bH+cI]

[d e f] cofactors of
[g h i]
corresponding elements
Let A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I be of the first row of P and
the cofactors of Q are the same. These
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i. cofactors are A B and C.
We multiply the elements Hence the calculation of
of a row, say the second, det(Q) emanating from
with the corresponding the first row gives
cofactors of another row, dA+eB+fC.
say the the first. Since we know that
We have to prove that det(Q) = 0, dA+eB+fC =
dA+eB+fC = 0. 0.
Prove: Take now the matrix Q = Q.E.D.
We'll prove this property [d e f]
for 3x3 matrices but the [d e f] Inverse matrix of a
method of the proof is [g h i] regular square matrix
universal. Since the matrix has two
So take P = equal rows,its We say that B is an
determinant is 0. So inverse matrix of A if and
det(Q) = 0. only if A.B=I=B.A . (I is
[a b c] Furthermore, the the identity matrix.)
Uniqueness of the regular matrix A holds: [ 0 dD+eE+fF
0 ] =
inverse matrix B = (adjoint of A) / det(A) [ 0 0
We'll prove this property gG+hH+iI]
We show that it is for 3x3 matrices but the
impossible that there are method of the proof is The diagonal
universal. elements of this
two inverse matrices for matrix are det(A)
A. First we'll calculate
Say, there are two inverse A.(adjoint of A) = [ det(A) 0
matrices B and C for A, 0 ]
[a b c] [A D G] [ 0 det(A)
then we have [d e f] . [B E H] 0 ] =
A.B=I=B.A and = [ 0 0
A.C=I=C.A [g h i] [C F I] det(A)]
Then,
[aA+bB+cC aD+bE+cF [ 1 0
B=I.B=C.A.B=C.I=C aG+bH+cI] 0]
So B=C is the unique [dA+eB+fC dD+eE+fF det(A). [ 0 1
inverse of A. dG+eH+fI] = 0] =
[gA+hB+iC gD+hE+iF [ 0 0
gG+hH+iI] 1]
Calculating the
inverse of a regular Because of det(A).I
square matrix the cofactors
property,
In the same way, (adjoint
of A).A =det(A).
We'll show that for the [aA+bB+cC 0
unique inverse B of a 0 ]
I