Hipersensitif tipe I

POLLEN
NORMAL
HIPERSENSITIF TIPE II
HIPERSENSITIFITAS TIPE IV
 Immune deficiency state

Infection : CD4> 500 x 106

Latent period : CD4200 - 500 x 106
AIDS : CD4 < 200 x 106

Common AIDS-associated disease and site

*Brain: tumours (limphomas), inflammation (encephalitis),
dimentia
*Mouth: trachea,oesophagus (candidiasis)
*Lung:pneumocytis carinii infection, fungal infection, TBC
*Intestine: protozoal, salmonella infection
*Skin: Kaposi’s sarcoma, fungal infection,herpes zoster
AIDS MECHANISM
 AUTOIMMUNE

Autoimmune diseases result from, or are associated with

an immune response againts the individual’s own cell, or
in some cases cell product. Although both humoral dan
cell mediated immunity are involved, it is thought that
change in the latter of primary importantce

Etiology:
The etiology of autoimmune diseases is not established,
but clues to their genesis are available
Figure 1. Requirements for the development of an
autoimmune disease.
The immune response of a genetically predisposed
individual to an environmental pathogen, in association
with defects in immunoregulatory mechanisms, can lead
to the development of an autoimmune disease. The
importance of the single components represented in this
Venn diagram may vary between individuals and
diseases. However, the appearance of an autoimmune
disease requires the convergence of all three
components. T, T cell; B, B cell; DC, dendritic cell.

Bob Crimi
 The reason for the breakdown of tolerance involve

1. Antigenic abnormality 2. Immune

a. Cell surface antigen modified by dysregulation
drug
or chemicals Abnormal pesence/
b. Cell antigen modified by proteolysis activity of auto-
associated with disease processes, reaktive T cells
particularly inflammation, when +/- failure of
“new”antigen are formed regulatory cells
c. Microbial cross-reacting antigen
 CD4 cell activity increase

B cell activity
Cytokines
Cytotoxic T (delayed hyper-
Cells promed sensitivity re-
Auto-antibodies
action)

Ag/Ab+complement

CELL DESTRUCTION
 ORGAN SPESIFIK

Antibody or cell Target Associated disease

mediated reaction to organ
Thyroid cells and Thytroid Primary
hormone or TSH myxoedema,Hashimoto’s
receptor disease (autoimmune
thyroiditis), Thyrotoxikosis
(Graves’ disease)
Parietal cells intrinsic Stomach Pernicious anemia
factor/intrinsic factor
B12 complex
 SAMBUNGAN

Red blood cells Red blood cells Haemolytic anemia

Pancreatic islet beta Pancreas Type I diabetes
cells
Adrenal cortical cell, Adrenal Addison’s disease
ACTH receptor
Parathyroid cells Parathyroid Prymary
hypoparathyroidism
Acetylcholline Voluntary muscle Myasthemia gravis
receptor
 NON-ORGAN SPECIFIC
Antibody to Target organ Associated Disease
Mitochondria Liver Primary biliary cirrosis

Smooth Liver Autoimmune chronic

muscle hepatis
Skin and The connective tissue
Nuclear muscle disease,
Dermatomyositis,
constituents
Skin, Rhematoid arthritis,
kidney,endoca Systemic lupus
IgG rdium, blood erythematosus (SLE),
vessels, joints Progressive systemic
Many other body sclerosis
protein
HASHIMOTO DISEASE
 APPLIED IMMUNOLOGY

I.Immunohistochemical Identification
Immunohistochemical
Immunohistochemical
Immunoflorescent
 TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION

Antigen presenting Present “foreign”

Cell in graft HLA antigen

Cell mediated Host T cell

immunity

Cytotoxic Spesific T cell immune

Cytokines T cells Respons to HLA antigen

Attack graff cell

(particularly vascular Rejevtion
endothelium