Respiratory anatomy

Petra Bos
 Quiz
 Through which anatomical structures does air
travel before it reaches the lungs?
 Respiratory anatomy overview
 Conducting zones
 Respiratory zones

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Nose
 Nose bridge
 Dorsum nasi
 Apex
 Nostrils (naris)
 Ala
 Philtrum
 Septum
Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition
 Nose

Wikipedia; nasal cavity, 22 July 2007

 Concha  Pharyngo-tympanic tube

 Meatus  Tonsils
 Olfactory sense
 Quiz
 The mucosa on the conchae in the nose are
rich in blood vessels; why do you think this is?
 Quiz
 The mucosa on the conchae in the nose are
rich in blood vessels; why do you think this is?

 Warm up air
 Moisturise air
 Clean air
 Pharynx

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Quiz
 Why do you think the tonsils are located in
these positions (back of the nose / mouth /
tongue)?
 Quiz
 Why do you think the tonsils are located in
these positions (back of the nose / mouth /
tongue)?

 Filter out all dust / microbes /etc. as soon as air

enters the respiratory tract  gatekeepers
 Larynx

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Quiz
 In case of an obstruction in the upper
respiratory tract it is sometimes necessary to
make an artificial opening in the respiratory
tract to allow the patient to breathe, do you
know where this opening is made?
 Quiz
 In case of an obstruction in the upper
respiratory tract it is sometimes necessary to
make an artificial opening in the respiratory
tract to allow the patient to breathe, do you
know where this opening is made?

 Cricothyroid ligament

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th

 Larynx

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Trachea

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Quiz
 Why is there cartilage in the trachea and why
is it C-shaped?
 Quiz
 Why is there cartilage in the trachea and why
is it C-shaped?

 To keep the trachea open

 To allow food to pass through the oesophagus

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th

 Mucosal surfaces

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Trachea and bronchial tree
 Cartilage
 Epithelium

Gray, Anatomy of the Human Body

 Quiz
 When a patient aspirates (breathes in a strange
object, mostly food) in which lung do you
think the object will normally be found and
why?
 Quiz
 When a patient aspirates (breathes in a strange
object, mostly food) in which lung do you
think the object will normally be found and
why?

 Right lung
 Steeper bronchus

Gray, Anatomy of the Human Body

 Alveoli

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Alveoli

Campbell & Reece, Biology, 6th edition

Wikipedia; Bronchial anatomy, 22 July 2007

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th

edition
 Alveoli

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7 th edition

 Gas exchange  Macrophages
 Thin membrane  Surfactant
(type I cells)  Microvilli (type II
 Pores cells)
 Quiz
 Why do you think there are less cilia in the
alveoli than in the trachea?
 Quiz
 Why do you think there are less cilia in the
alveoli than in the trachea?

 Air is already clean

 Macrophages do remaining cleaning
 Not to block the respiratory membrane

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th

 Lungs
 Right: 3 lobes
 Left: 2 lobes

 Borders:
 Inferior
 Outer

 Central

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Quiz
 Why do you think there are only 2 lobes in the
left lung, while there are 3 lobes in the right?
 Quiz
 Why do you think there are only 2 lobes in the
left lung, while there are 3 lobes in the right?

 The position of a third lobe is taken by the

heart

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th

 Pleura
 Lungs in pleural cavity

 Parietal pleura
 Visceral pleura

 Negative pressure
 Blood supply

Netter, Atlas of human anatomy, 2nd edition

 Lungs

Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 7th edition

 Questions?

petra.bos@postgrads.unisa.edu.au