St.JOSEPH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI-119.

MODEL EXAMINATION-I
set-1

Subject : Mobile Computing Code : IT1402

Branch : IT Semester : VII
Duration : 3Hours Max marks : 100

Part - A (10 * 2 = 20)

1. Define User mobility and Device portability.

Two aspects of mobility: user mobility: users communicate (wireless) “anytime,
anywhere, with anyone” device portability: devices can be connected anytime,
anywhere to the network.

2. Define Modulation and Demodulation.

modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a high frequency
periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with respect to a modulating signal. The
inverse of the effect of modulation, or applying a signal to a carrier. A radio
transmitter applies modulation to a carrier wave and the receiver applies
demodulation to it to recover the message.

3. Define SDM.
In this SDM frequency will be divided and it will be allocated for all the channels to
avoid interference.

4. What are the main benefits of spread spectrum system?

Spread the narrow band signal into a broad band signal using a special code
protection against narrow band interference

5. Differentiate Hard and Soft handover.

Hard Handover:
Hard handover means that all the old radio links in the UE are removed before the
new radio links are established. Hard handover can be seamless or non-seamless.
Seamless hard handover means that the handover is not perceptible to the user. In
practice a handover that requires a change of the carrier frequency (inter-frequency
handover) is always performed as hard handover.

Soft Handover:
Soft handover means that the radio links are added and removed in a way that the UE
always keeps at least one radio link to the UTRAN. Soft handover is performed by
means of macro diversity, which refers to the condition that several radio links are
active at the same time. Normally soft handover can be used when cells operated on
the same frequency are changed.

6. State the objective of UMTS.

 UTRA (was: UMTS, now: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access)
enhancements of GSMEDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution): GSM up to
384 kbit/sCAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic)VHE
(virtual Home Environment) fits into GMM (Global Multimedia Mobility) initiative
from ETSI.

7. What is dwell time?

The time spend on a channel with a certain frequency is called dwell time.

8. Define Inclination angle of satellite.

The Inclination angle is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the
plane described by the satellite orbit

9. Differentiate symmetrical and asymmetrical communication system.

Symmetrical communication systems offers the same transmission capabilities in
both communication directions Asymmetrical communication systems are
unidirectional broadcast system where typically a high bandwidth data stream exists
from one sender to many receivers.

10. Draw the Object structure of MOT.

Header core : size of header and body, content type ,Header extension: handling
information, e.g., repetition distance, segmentation, Priority information supports
caching mechanisms Body: arbitrary data

7 byte
header header body
core extension
 Part - B (5 * 16 = 80)

11. a) Explain in detail about FHSS and DSSS. (16)

FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) I Discrete changes of carrier frequency
sequence of frequency changes determined via pseudo random number sequence Two
versionsFast Hopping: several frequencies per user bit Slow Hopping: several user bits per
frequency Advantagesfrequency selective fading and interference limited to short period
simple implementation uses only small portion of spectrum at any time Disadvantagesnot as
robust as DSSS simpler to detect
Diagram for FHSS with explanantion and transmitter and receiver diagram with explanation
DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) I XOR of the signal with pseudo-random number
(chipping sequence)many chips per bit (e.g., 128) result in higher bandwidth of the signal
Advantagesreduces frequency selective fading in cellular networks base stations can use the
same frequency range several base stations can detect and recover the signal soft handover
Disadvantagesprecise power control necessary and diagram with explanantion

(OR)
b) Compare SDMA,FDMA, TDMA and CDMA (16)
compare by using ideas,terminals ,signal separation,advantages,disadvantages,comments

12. a) Explain the Hidden and Exposed terminal problem and Near/ Far effects (16)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
•send as soon as the medium is free, listen into the medium if a collision occurs (legacy
method in IEEE 802.3) •Problems in wireless networkssignal strength decreases
proportional to the square of the distance the sender would apply CS and CD, but the
collisions happen at the receiver it might be the case that a sender cannot “hear” the
collision, i.e., CD does not work furthermore, CS might not work if, e.g., a terminal is
“hidden example for hidden and exposed terminal problem and also for near /far effects.

(OR)
b) Explain in detail about MTC and MOC. (16)
MTC
1: calling a GSM subscriber
2: forwarding call to GMSC
3: signal call setup to HLR
4, 5: request MSRN from VLR
6: forward responsible MSC to GMSC
7: forward call to current MSC
8, 9: get current status of MS
10, 11: paging of MS
12, 13: MS answers
14, 15: security checks
16, 17: set up connection explain with diagram
MOC
1, 2: connection request
3, 4: security check
5-8: check resources (free circuit)
9-10: set up call with diagram
13 a) Explain in detail about GSM system architecture. (16)
Architecture refer pg.no 101 schiller Moblie communication

(OR)
b) Explain in detail about UMTS system architecture and radio interface. (16)
refer pg.no 142

14. a) Explain in detail about DAB. (16)

Digital Video Broadcasting
� 1991 foundation of the ELG (European Launching Group)
goal: development of digital television in Europe
� 1993 renaming into DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting)
goal: introduction of digital television based on
� satellite transmission
� cable network technology
� later also terrestrial transmission
DVB Container
DVB transmits MPEG-2 container
� high flexibility for the transmission of digital data
� no restrictions regarding the type of information
� DVB Service Information specifies the content of a container
� NIT (Network Information Table): lists the services of a provider,
contains additional information for set-top boxes
� SDT (Service Description Table): list of names and parameters for each
service within a MPEG multiplex channel
� EIT (Event Information Table): status information about the current
transmission, additional information for set-top boxes
� TDT (Time and Date Table): Update information for set-top boxes
Asymmetric data exchange
� downlink: DVB receiver, data rate per user 6-38 Mbit/s
� return channel from user to service provider: e.g., modem with 33
kbit/s, ISDN with 64 kbit/s, DSL with several 100 kbit/s etc. Convergence of broadcasting and
mobile comm. Definition of interaction channels � Interacting/controlling broadcast via GSM,
UMTS, DECT, PSTN, … Example: mobile Internet services using IP over GSM/GPRS or
UMTS as interaction channel for DAB/DVB
(OR)
b) Explain the GPRS architecture with reference model (16)
refer pg.no 128
15. a).i. Draw and Explain the UMTS core network together with 3G RNS and
2G BSS. (10)
Refer.pg.no 152
ii. Explain the basic architecture of the UTRAN network. ( 6)
refer pg.no 149

(OR)
b) Compare LEO,GEO and MEO (16)
compare by various parameter
 St.JOSEPH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI-119.
MODEL EXAMINATION-I
set-2

Subject : Mobile Computing Code : IT1402

Branch : IT Semester : VII
Duration : 3Hours Max marks : 100

Part - A (10 * 2 = 20)

1. Define TDD and FDD.
Assigning different slots for uplink and downlink using the same frequency is called time
division duplex and the two directions mobile station to base station and vice versa are
now separated using different frequencies.This scheme is then called frequency division
duplex.
2. Define transmission ,detection and interference range.
Transmission rangecommunication possible low error rate ,Detection range detection of
the signal possible no communication possible ,Interference range signal may not be
detected signal adds to the background noise.
3. What is called DAMA?
DAMA also called reservation aloha , aloha scheme can try to reserve future slots.

4. Mention the disadvantages of smaller cells.

Coverage, interference

5. What are the contents of GPRS context?

GSN (GPRS Support Nodes): GGSN and SGSN
•GGSN (Gateway GSN)interworking unit between GPRS and PDN (Packet Data
Network)•SGSN (Serving GSN)supports the MS (location, billing, security) •GR (GPRS
Register)user addresses

6. Mention the types of handover in UMTS.

• Intra node B, intra RNC
• Inter node B,intra RNC
• Inter RNC
• Inter MSC
• Inter system

7. Mention the contents of DVB service information.

• NIT (Network Information Table): lists the services of a provider,contains
additional information for set-top boxes
• SDT (Service Description Table): list of names and parameters for each service
within a MPEG multiplex channel
• EIT (Event Information Table): status information about the current transmission,
additional information for set-top boxes
 • TDT (Time and Date Table): Update information for set-top boxes
8. Define perigee and footprint.
If the satellite does not have a circular orbit, the closest point to the earth is called the
perigee. The foot-print can be defined as the area on earth where the signals of the
satellite can be received.

9. List the application of Satellite.

• Weather forecasting
• Radio and TV broadcast satellites
• Military satellites
• Satellities for navigation.

10. Define Data streaming

Streaming –oriented ,asynchronous,synchronized (synchronization with other stream e.g
audio/video possible) or synchronous (data and clock regeneration at receiver possible)
end to end delivery of data.

Part - B (5 * 16 = 80)
o
11. a) Explain in detail about the spread spectrum techniques. (16)
Spread spectrum technology
Problem of radio transmission: frequency dependent fading can wipe out narrow band
signals for duration of the interference
Solution: spread the narrow band signal into a broad band signal using a special
codeprotection against narrow band interference Side effects:coexistence of several
signals without dynamic coordination tap-proof Alternatives: Direct Sequence,
Frequency Hopping explain FHSS and DSSS

(OR)
b) Explain TDMA in detail. (16)
TDD/TDMA -general scheme, Aloha/slotted aloha, DAMA -Demand Assigned Multiple
Access, Access method DAMA: Explicit Reservation, Access method DAMA: PRMA
Access method DAMA: Reservation-TDMA

12. a) Explain in detail about the various modulation schemes. (16)

Give the explanation with diagram for ASK,PSK,FSK,MSK,BPSK,QPSK
(OR)
b) Explain in detail about the MAC and provide the solutions for
Hidden and Exposed terminal problem. (16)
Explain the problem and give the solution by using RTS and CTS

13 a) Explain in detail about GPRS system and protocol reference model. (16)
refer pg.no 128

(OR)
b) Explain in detail about DECT system architecture. (16)
refer pg.no 130

14. a) Explain in detail about digital video broadcasting. (16)

Answer given in set 1
 (OR)
b) Explain in detail about digital audio broadcasting (16)
Introduction, DAB transport mechanism,Transmission frames,sender and receiver
diagram with explanantions,goal amd mechanisms,bit rate management,reconfiguration
and example,MOT

15. a) Explain in detail about routing and localization in satellite systems. (16)
Different links with diagram and SUMR in satellite systems
(OR)
b) Explain in detail about the different types handover in satellite systems
and different types of satellite orbits (16)
different types of orbits LEO,MEO,GEO,HEO and handovers intersatellite ,intra
satellite,gateway handover and intersystem handover.