Functions of modern process

instrumentation systems
 Function
• Process Monitoring,
• Data processing,
• Data communications to various hierarchical
levels in the enterprise,
• Process control at the field,
• Process operations management (planning,
scheduling, supply chain management,
maintenance management),
• Enterprise management.
 Why should we monitor the
process?
• To know the health of the process
• To maintain the Quality
• To control
• Alarm monitoring / logging
• Safety
• To take a Preventive action
• For safe start up and shutdown
• Scheduled maintenance
• Monitoring the health of each equipment/instrument in
the plant
• To minimize the shutdowns etc
• Any more?
What kind of processing is required
in the field?
• Signal conditioning,
• Aliasing effect,
• design of anti-aliasing filters,
• engineering unit conversion,
• linearization,
• square root computation,
• limit checks,
• digital filtering,
• performance monitoring using SPC concepts,
• Soft sensing etc.
 Data communications
• Completely automated plant will have 4 levels

1. Field level –
– 4-20mA conventional
– HART
– Fieldbus
– RS232/485
– Profibus
– AS-I
2. Supervisory level
– DH+
– MODBUS
– Proprietary bus
– ethernet
3. Network level
4. Management level
 What type of control is required?
Process control
• ON-OFF
• Three term control
• MPC
• Model based
• Obtaining a model – by System Identification
• Interfacing to various systems
– OPC
– SCADA
– PLC
• Interfacing through gateways
– HART to conventional
– Conventional to HART
– Fieldbus to conventional
– Conventional to Fieldbus
– HART to Fieldbus
– Fieldbus to HART etc.
 Process operation management
• Planning,
• Scheduling,
• Supply chain management,
• Maintenance management etc
 Enterprise management
• Higher level management
– MAP
– SAP etc.