MOTIVATION

DEFINATIONS
According to Lowell,” Motivation may be defined
more formally as a psychological or internal process
initiated by some need, which leads to the activity
which will satisfy that need.”
According to Crow and Crow “ Motivation is
considered with arousal of the interest in learning and,
to the extent is basic to learning.”
According to Good, “Motivation is the process of
arousing, sustaining and regulating activity.”
What are Motives
Motive are the dynamic force that energizes all behaviour.
Types of motive and needs
Primary motive and needs-are the biological or
physiological needs or universal needs. These are essential
need that are fundamental for the survival of human
being.
 Hunger (Food)
 Thirst(water)
 Need for satisfaction of Sex when desired.
 Need for elimination of body wastes .
 Need to take Sleep when deprived.
 Need to take rest when tired.
 Secondary motive and needs -are the psychological
or social needs.
Need to Achieve
Need for Recognition
 Need for Affiliation
 Need for Affection
Desire of gaining status
Need Of Belongingness
Need for security
Need for freedom
Need for self assertion
Need for self-actualisation
Characteristics of motivated behaviour

Eagerness: Eagerness means readiness for the work. Eagerness

is found in the persons when they are motivated to do any
activity.
Concentrated attention: Attention becomes concentrated in
motivated behaviour. In the motivated behaviour, one makes a
variety of efforts for achieving the goal.
Persistency: When students are motivated, they show
persistency in work (continue to work hard).
Energy mobilization: When the person is motivated, his
energy is mobilized.
Achievement of goal and reduction of tension: Motivation
helps in the realization of goal. Restlessness to achieve a goal is
removed after the problem is solved.
 Functions of motives in learning

Motives direct behaviour: i.e. they give a sort of direction to the

behaviour of the individual in such a way that he gets satisfying
feeling.
Helpful in capturing attention: Motivation helps in capturing
attention. The teacher can help the students in concentrating their
attention on studies by motivating them.
Helpful in developing interest: Motivation is an art of
inculcating interest in the work. One can arouse the interest of the
students in work by motivating them.
Acquisition of knowledge: Motivation helps in the prompt
'acquisition of knowledge.
Helpful in character formation: One can motivate the students
for acquiring noble values and ideals. Thus he can help them in the
formation of character.
Development of social qualities: Motivation helps
in the development of social qualities. The teacher can
motivate the students for developing community
feeling and social qualities by encouraging them to
take part in group activities.
Development of sense of discipline: One can
motivate the students for desirable activities and can
solve the problem of indiscipline by developing sense
of discipline in the students.
 Types of motivation
There are mainly two broad types of motivation - Natural Motivation and
Artificial Motivation.
A.Natural Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, or Primary Motivation:
 Bodily motivation: Physical needs like hunger, thirst sex
etc. are known as bodily motivations.
 Instinctive motivation: They are the 'prime movers' of our
behaviour. They inspire us to do certain jobs.
 Emotional motivation: Emotional motivations are those
motivations that inspire us to bring about the fulfillment of
certain emotional needs. They include affection,
belongingness, independence, security, achievement,
success, adventure etc.
 Games and sports: Children love games and sports, as they
are joyful to them. They have direct motivations.
B.Artificial Motivations, Secondary Motivation or External Motivations

Artificial motivations are not present in the individual but they are a
part of the environment or society.
Kinds of artificial motivations are:
 Goal, ideal and purposeful attempts: In order to provide
motivations in a given work, it is necessary to have a clear,
definite, attractive, lively, and comprehensive goal or purpose.
The clearer the goal or ideal, the more forceful is the motivation
concerned with it.
Reward: It is very important and useful motivation. A reward
may be of following types:Material rewards like books, reading,
and writing material and other valuable things promotion, praise,
degree, badge, and certificate of honours.
Competition: Competition means desire to excel
others. It has been employed as a strong motivation
force in learning and is generally very effective. It can be
among individuals as well as among groups.
Evaluation: A proper evaluation of work can become an
effective motivation for better learning.
Audio-visual aids: Audio-visual aids like movies, radio,
television, laboratory, etc. are great aids to motivation.
Teacher-student relationship: Good intimate
relationship between teachers and student motivates
the student to work.
How to motivate rural women for learning
Linking the new learning with past.
Use affective method Aids,devices in teaching.
Awareness of the purpose & goal.
Knowledge of the results and progress.
Praise and Reproof
Rewards and punishment
Competition and Co-operation
Ego- involvement
Development of proper attitude
Appropriate learning situation and environment
THANKS