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lr~m~m§Mr ^yVX`m 170
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g§V-gËnwéfm§Mr lr~m~m§~Ôc nyÁ`^mdZm 172
lr~m~m§da Ka gmon{dUo 173
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JwéJ¥hmMo cjU 176
lr~m~m§Mm {_píH$b ñd^md 177
lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mm ñdê$n-g§àXm` 181

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lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMr C^maUr 202
lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr {eH$dU 206
lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zr CnXo{ecocr {XZM`m© 209
lr~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa-B©œar eº$sMo H|$Ð 211
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{ZË` AZwð>mZo 213
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g_m{Y_§{XamVrc CËgd d gU 214
lrgX²>Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§Mm O`§Vr-CËgd 222
g_m{Y_§{XamV nmiÊ`mV `oUmao AÝ` {XZ{deof 228
lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO (g§{já M[aÌ) 231
XmXa `oWo "lt'Zr Ho$bobm CnXoe 241
lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo Mmccoco H$m`© 243
A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xa (A§Yoar) 245
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lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO {da{MV lrgX²>Jwé ^{º$na aMZm 251
lrgX²>Jwéd§XZmï>H$_² 251
lrgX²>Jwé-dmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V-d§XZmï>H$_²$ 252
lrgX²>Jwé am_M§Ð-d§XZmï>H$ (1) 253
lrgX²>Jwé am_M§Ð-d§XZmï>H$ Ÿ(2) 254
lrgX²>Jwé am_M§Ð-d§XZmï>H$ Ÿ(3) 255
lrgX²>Jwé dmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V ñdm_r g_W© ñVdZ 257
lrgX²>Jwé ~m~m§Mr AmaVr (1) 258
lrgX²>Jwé ~m~m§Mr AmaVr (2) 259
lrgX²>Jwé ~m~m§Mr AmaVr (3) 259
lrgX²>Jwé ~m~m§Mr AmaVr (4) 260
lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mm Ym§dm 261
da `mMZm 262

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 lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$cd¥Îmm§V
lrgX²Jéw dmgwXdo mZ§V gañd{V VWm lr~m~m _hmamO VWm lramdgmho~ ghò~wÕo
`m§Mo ì`mdhm[aH$ Zmd am_M§Ð Zmam`U ghò~wÕ.o Ë`m§Mo dS>rc Zmam`Uamd ho AßnmOr
åhUyZ AmoiIco OmV AgV. lr~m~mgwÕm ì`dhmamV am_M§Ð AßnmOr ghò~wÕo Ago
Zmd cmdrV AgV. ghr H$aVmZm Vo Ama.E.ghò~wÕo AerM ghr H$arV. ho ghò~wÕo
åhUOo em§{S>ë` JmoÌr F$½doXr {MÎmnmdZ KamUo. `m§Mo n«da VrZ - em§{S>ë`, A{gV,
Xodc; VgoM gyÌ Amœcm`Z. H$moH$U àm§VmV aËZm{JarnmgyZ gw_mao ~mam _¡cmda H$moVdS>o
hm Jmd Amho. noedoH$mimnydunmgyZ hm Jmd `m ghò~wÕo KamÊ`mZoM dg{dcocm AgyZ
VoWo `m§À`m {H$Ë`oH$ {nT>çm AË`§V g§nÞmdñWoV Zm§Xë`m.
lr~m~m§Mo nyd©O {MniyU `oWrb lr naewam_ XodñWmZmÀ`m godoV hmoVo. Á`m doir
{gÕr `m h~er gaXmamZo, lr ~«÷|Ðñdm_r YmdS>erH$am§darb amJmZo lr naewam_
XodñWmZmg CnÐd Úmd`mg gwédmV Ho$br, Voìhm VoWrb gd© ~«m÷U Hw$Qw>~§ o hdmb{Xb
Pmbr. ñdV: lr ~«÷Ð| ñdm_rgwÕm lr naewam_ joÌ gmoS>yZ KmQ>_mÏ`mda {ZKmbo. Ë`m
àg§Jr lr~m~m§Mo nydO © gwÕm VoWZy {ZKmbo d H$moVdS>çmg `oD$Z ñWm{`H$ Pmbo. VargwÕm
Ë`m§À`m KamÊ`mn¡H$s "JUnwb'o AmS>ZmdmMr EH$ emIm lr naewam_ XodñWmZmMo nwOmarnU
gm§^mirV Amho.
H$moVdS>o Jmd nydu gmd§V ZmdmÀ`m _amR>m Bg_mH$S>o dVZ åhUyZ hmoVm. na§Vw
lr~m~m§À`m nydO © m§À`m ~w{Õgm_Ï`m©_i w o `m JmdmMo dVZ d ImoVrMo A{YH$ma Ë`m§À`mH$S>o
Amco. Ë`m§Zr JmdmMr CÎm_ ì`dñWm cmdyZ JmdmMm dgyc H$m`©j_VoZo Jmoim H$ê$Z
gaH$mamV O_m H$aUo gwê$ Ho$co. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm ""ghò~wÕo'' ho ~w{Õ_ÎmoMo ÚmoVH$ Ago
CnZmd àmá Pmco. Ë`m§Mm _yi nwéf _hmXod^Q> {~Z Ho$gmo {dœZmW, `mÀ`mnmgyZ
JUnwco ho AmS>Zmd OmD$Z ghò~wÕo `m ZmdmZo ho KamUo à{gÕrcm Amco.
`m H$moVdS>o J«m_mV ghò~wÕçm§Mo ~mam dmS>o hmoV.o ~mam {d^mJmV {d^mJë`m Jocëo `m
`m JmdmÀ`m "Ym_oi'o Zm_H$ dmS>çm_Ü`o lr~m~m§Mo nydO © Zm§XV hmoV.o

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$bd¥Îmm§V / 1

 lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Amnë`m gX²>Jwé§À`m, lr~m~m§À`m OÝ_m»`mZmV
`mMo dU©Z H$aVmZm åhUVmV,
(Am`m©) _ Ym_oio dmS>çm_Yr nydO
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`m Ym_oio dmS>çmV lrYmåUoœamMo nmfmUmMo Kw_Q>mg{hV ^ì` Ago {ed_§{Xa

ghò~wÕçm§Zr ~m§Ycoco AgyZ `m KamÊ`mV {ed^º$s hr nydm©nma MmcV Amcocr
Amho. `oWrc lr~m~m§À`m nyd©Om§À`m KamMm Mm¡Wam, Om§ä`m XJS>mV ~m§Ycoë`m,
_YyZ_YyZ PmS>o CJdcoë`m Aem AdñWoV AmOhr ÑîQ>rg nS>Vmo. nQ>dY©Z ZmdmMo
EH$ ~«m÷U Hw$Qw>§~ Ë`m§Zr ghò~wÕo Hw$imMo CnmÜ`onU H$aÊ`mgmR>r åhUyZ H$moVdS>çmV
AmUco. Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s ha^Q>~m~m nQ>dY©Z `m§Zr JUnVrnwio `oWo lrJUoemMr CnmgZm
Ho$cr d Ë`mMo \$i åhUyZ Vo Z§Va gm§JcrMo amOo Pmco. noeì`m§À`m nXar Ë`m§Zr
~arM _Xw©_H$s JmOdyZ Zmdcm¡{H$H$ {_i{dcm. na§Vw _yiMo ho lr~m~m§Mo KamÊ`mMo
CnmÜ`o hmoVo.
lr~m~m§À`m nyd©Om§Zr H$moVdS>o JmdmÀ`m AmgnmgMo amZ gm\$ H$ê$Z eoVr`mo½`
O_rZ {Z_m©U Ho$cr. AR>am-nJS> OmVrVrc cmoH$m§Zm ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ _wÔm_ AmUdyZ,
Ë`m§Zm O_rZ, Kao dJ¡ao XoD$Z AR>am dmS>çm§Mo Jmd dg{dco. `m Ë`m§À`m à`ËZm_wio
H$moVdS>o Jmd Mm§Jcm g§nÞ hmoD$Z ghò~wÕo KamÊ`mMmhr CËH$f© Pmcm hmoVm.
Ë`m§Mo amhVo dmS>o Mm§Jco Eogn¡g Am{U ^modVr VQ>~§XrZo `wº$ Ago g§nÞ hmoVo.
ZmoH$aMmH$am§Mr aocMoc hmoVr. Xod^º$s `m ghò~wÕo KamÊ`mV AË`§V nydm©nma
Am{U àIa hmoVr. JmdmV {R>H${R>H$mUr Xodmc`o ~m§YyZ Ë`m§Mr ì`dñWm amIUo,
CËgd gmOao H$aUo, J«m_^moOZo KmcUo AmXr H$m`©H«$_m§gmR>r ho ghò~wÕo KamUo
_wº$ hñVmZo Amnë`m g§nÎmrMm, gw~ÎmoMm {d{Z`moJ H$arV hmoVo. Ë`mV _ZmnmgyZ
AmZ§X _mZrV hmoVo.
H$moVdS>çmVrc ~mam dmS>çm§_Ü`o ghò~wÕo Hw$cmÀ`m ~mam Hw$cXodVm dmg
H$arV AmhoV. JmdmV ZXrÀ`m H$mR>mda lr_hmcú_rMo ñd`§^y ñWmZ Amho. `m§À`m
nyd©Om§Zm XodrMm Ñï>m§V Pmcm H$s, ""ZXrÀ`m H$mR>mda _mPo _yi ñd`§^y ñWmZ Oo
dmê$i Amho, Vo _mPo dgVr H$aÊ`mMo {R>H$mU Amho. Vo VgoM amIyZ EH$m gwaoI
nmfmUmÀ`m _mÂ`m _yVuMr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z ZdrZ _§{Xa ~m§Ymdo.'' Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m

2 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

nyd©OmZo ~m§Ycoco _§{Xa AmOhr VoWo Ñï>rg nS>Vo.
Hw$gw_œo a ho e§H$amMo _§{Xa Jmdm~mhoa WmoS>o Xya d Q>Ho $mS>mda AgyZ _§{XamMm H$ighr
C§M Amho. _§{Xamg_moa àeñV g^m_§S>n ~m§Ycocm Amho. `m _§{XamÀ`m g_moaM EH$m
KamV lrOmoJœo ar, lr_mZmB©, lrYaUH$ar, lrdY©Z, lrdmJOmB©, lrZ§Xr, lrOwJmB© `m
gmV XodVm ñWmncoë`m AmhoV. `m Hw$gw_œo amÀ`m g^modma lrhZw_V§ , lrAm{XË` Am{U
lrJOmZZ `m§Mr VrZ chmZ chmZ _§{Xao ~m§Ycocr AmhoV. ghò~wÕo Hw$imV
lrJOmZZmMm, ^mÐnX ewÕ MVwWuÀ`m (lrJUoe MVwWu) {Xder WmQ>m_mQ>mV CËgd
gmOam Ho$cm OmV Ago.
(gmH$s) _ {g{Õ{dZm`H$ JUam`mMr CnmgZm Vo H$[aVr Ÿ&
CËgd Ë`mMm _moR>m H$éZr JOmZZm Vmof{dVr Ÿ&
Eogo nyd©O Vo OmUm, {XgVr AmO hr `oW IwUm Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
ZdamÌmoËgd XoIrc Ë`m§À`m KamV CËgmhmZo gmOam H$arV AgV. `m Hw$imV _hmZ
XÎm^º$gwÕm hmoD$Z Joco AmhoV. lr~m~m§À`m dmS>çm~mhoa Am¡Xw§~amÀ`m Vir
lrXÎmmÌo`m§À`m nmXwH$m AmhoV. Ë`m nmhÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Mo {eî`moÎm_ lrgX²Jwé
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m§Zm nmR>{dco hmoVo. OmVmZm ~OmdyZ gm§{JVco hmoVo, ""Ë`m
nmXwH$m§n¡H$s EH$ nmcWr d Xwgar gwcQ> Amho. nU nmcWr Agcocr nmXwH$m gwcQ> H$ê$Z
R>do m`Mr Zmhr. Vr doi AÚmn Amcocr Zmhr. Vy Ho$di Ë`m§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z `o.''
Aem VèhoZo gd© XodXodVm§Zr H¥$nm H$ê$Z ajU Ho$coë`m `m H$moVdS>o JmdmV gZ
1799 n`ªV gwImg_mYmZmV Zm§Xë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Mo ImnanUOmo~m lr.~mimOr
{dîUy `m§Zr H$moVdS>o J«m_mVyZ BMcH$a§Or g§ñWmZmVrc VmgJmd `oWo ñWcm§Va Ho$co.
lr.~mimOr {dîUy ho Wmoa {ed^º$ VgoM _moR>o H$V©~Jma nwéf hmoVo. naewam_^mD$
nQ>dY©Z `m noeì`m§À`m gaXmamMm noeì`m§er Omo amOH$maUm§VJ©V g§Kf© Mmcy hmoVm,
Ë`mV Ë`m§Zr \$ma ~w{Õ_Îmm Am{U MVwamB© XmIdyZ gaH$maXa~mar à{Vð>m {_i{dcr
hmoVr. gZ 1809 _Ü`o Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ Pmco. Ë`mZ§Va gZ 1846 n`ªV `m KamÊ`mMo
dmñVì` VmgJm§d `oWoM hmoVo. lr.~mimOr {dîUy `m§Mo {Ma§Ord Am~mOr `m§Zr VmgJmd
`oWoM amhÿZ KamÊ`mÀ`m Zmdcm¡{H$H$mV d g§nÞVoV ^a KmVcr. lr.Am~mOtMo {Ma§Ord
lr.{dÇ>cn§V, åhUOo lr~m~m§Mo {nVm_h, `m§Zm Ë`m§À`m ~w{Õ_Îmo_wio, H$V©~Jmar_wio
gaH$maH$Sy>Z nwîH$i O{_Zr BZm_ {_imë`m hmoË`m.

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$bd¥Îmm§V / 3

 (Am`m©) _ BZm_ O{_Zr {_imë`m {dÇ>cn§Vm§gr amOwar J«m_r Ÿ&
gaH$ma H¥$nm hmoD$Zr H$[aVr eoVr AVrd Vo Zm_r Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

BMcH$a§Or g§ñWmZmV ~moaJmdmOdi _m¡Oo _Oao _Zo amOwar `m Jmdr {dÇ>cn§Vm§Zr

dgVr Ho$cr. VoWo Ë`m§Mr 108 EH$a eoVr hmoVr. lr~m~m§Mo ho {nVm_h A{Ve`
H$V¥Ë© demcr, _moR>m {_Ìn[adma Agcoco Am{U WmQ>mV amhUmao hmoV.o amoO KmoS>çmdê$Z
anoQ> H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zm N>§X hmoVm. eoVmda amoO KmoS>çmda ~gyZ XoIaoI Mmco. naV
`oVmZm XwYmÀ`m Maì`m ^a^ê$Z KmoS>çmdê$Z KoD$Z `oV. Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m KmoS>çmÀ`m
nm`mV H$m¡VwH$mZo Mm§XrMm OmS>OyS> VmoS>m MT>{dcocm hmoVm.
lr. {dÇ>cn§Vm§Zm nV§J CS>{dÊ`mMr Xm§S>Jr hm¡g hmoVr. nV§JgwÕm chmZghmZ
ZìhoV Va _moR>_moR>çm AmR>-AmR> \y$Q> Am¡ag-Mm¡ag Aem dmdS>çm Am{U Ë`m
CS>{dÊ`mgmR>r ~moQ>mÀ`m OmS>rBVŠ`m OmS> gwVirMo _moR>o ~§S>c g§nm{Xcoco hmoVo.
lr.{dÇ>cn§Vm§Zr Hw$é§XdmS> `oWo gwaoI Ka ~m§Yco. Ë`m KamV AOyZhr hr gwVirMr
~§S>co nmhmd`mg {_iVmV. lr.{dÇ>cn§Vm§Zm VrZ _wcJo ^mD$, Zmam`U Am{U {dîUy.
`mn¡H$s _Yco {Ma§Ord lr.Zmam`Uamd `m§À`mM nmoQ>r lrgX²>Jéw ~m~m§Mm OÝ_ Pmcm.
lr.Zmam`Uamd ho {Zñgr_ XÎm^º$ hmoVo. gaH$mar B§{O{ZA[a¨J ImË`mV g~-
Amoìha{gAa `m hþÔçmda ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoV.o Ë`m§Mo _yi Zmd Oar Zmam`Uamd hmoVo Var
cmoH$m§_Ü`o Vo {deof H$ê$Z AßnmOr `m ZmdmZo AmoiIco OmV AgV. VmgJmd g§ñWmZ
Á`mdoir Imcgm Pmco, Ë`mdoir Ë`m§Zr gaH$mar ZmoH$arVyZ {Zd¥Îm hmoD$Z noÝeZ
ñdrH$mê$Z, Hw$é§XdmS>À`m KamV `oD$Z dmñVì` Ho$co.
lr. Zmam`Uamdm§À`m gm¡^m½`dVr, lr~m~m§À`m _mVmolr åhUOo ~moaJmdMo lr._moS>H$
`m§Mr H$Ý`m. ~moaJmdcm _moS>H$m§Mr eoVo d CgmMo _io hmoV.o Ë`m§Mo _mhoaMo Zmd `_wZm~mB©
Am{U gmgar Amë`mda gm¡.cú_r~mB© Ago R>do Ê`mV Amco. Ë`m ê$nmZo gwñdê$n, Jmoè`mnmZ
d ^maXñV ì`{º$_ËdmÀ`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mm ñd^mdgwÕm _m`miy hmoVm. Y_m©MaU d B©œa{Zð>m
Ë`mMà_mUo n{Vgodm d J¥{hUrY_m©Mo H$gmoerZo nmcZ hr Ë`m§À`m ñd^mdmMr d¡{eï>ço
hmoVr. `mà_mUo hm cú_rZmam`UmMm OmoS>mM OUy, `m X§nVrÀ`m ê$nmZo emo^V hmoVm.
`m Xm§nË`mcm g§VVr {dnwc hmoVr. Á`oð> nwÌmMo Zmd H¥$îUmOrn§V D$\©$ ~id§Vamd.
Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m d YmH$Q>o h[a^mD$ Ago EHy$U VrZ _wcJo.

4 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$bd¥Îmm§V / 5

 lr~m~m§Mm Ho$ed ZmdmMm AmUIr EH$ ^mD$ Agë`mMm C„oI Ho$cm OmVmo.
nU Ë`m{df`r ImÌrera _m{hVr CncãY Zmhr. lr~m~m§Zm VrZ ~{hUr hmoË`m.
Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ ~hrU ~mcnUrM {d{harV nSy>Z AnKmVr _¥Ë`y nmdcr. Xwgar ~hrU
~{hUm~mB© d {Vgar ~hrU doUyVmB©. `m {VKr lr~m~m§À`mnojm d`mZo _moR>çm
hmoË`m. ~{hUm~mB©Mm {ddmh lr.dmgwXod ~mnyOr H$m{ZQ>H$a `m§À`m _wcmer Pmcm
d Vo nwÊ`mV amhV hmoVo. Xwgar ^{JZr doUyVmB© {hMm {ddmh OwÞaÀ`m lr.Zmam`U
Ym|S>mo Omoer, \$m¡OXma `m§À`mer Pmcm hmoVm. {VMo gmgaMo Zmd cú_r~mB© Ago
R>odco hmoVo. lr~m~m d doUyVmB© `m§À`mV ~§Yy-^{JZrÀ`m ào_mMm ÑT> ~§Y hmoVm.
{VMo {Ma§Ord Ym|S>Xod D$\©$ ~Ý`m~mny, OwÞa `oWrc dH$sc, `m§À`mer lr~m~m§Mm
^mMm d gmSy> Agm Xwhoar ZmVog§~§Y hmoVm. {edm` Vo lr~m~m§Mo AZwJ«{hV {eî`
hmoVo.
lr~m~m§Mo Wmoaco ~§Yy H¥$îUmOrn§V _w§~B©V goH«o$Q>[aEQ>_Ü`o gwnadm`Pa `m
hþÔçmda ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoVo. d{S>cm§à_mUo ho gwÕm XÎm^º$ hmoVo. lr ZmZm_hmamO
gmIao `m§Mo {eî` lr.H¥$îUmOr naewam_ {^S>o ho lr.H¥$îUmOrn§Vm§Mo gmgao hmoVo.
lr.{^S>o kmZoœarMo JmT>o Aä`mgH$ hmoVo.lr.H¥$îUmOrn§Vm§Zm öX`{dH$mamZo _¥Ë`y
Amcm. ZmoH$ar d B©œa^º$s `m_Ü`o Ë`m§Zr Amnco OrdZ AË`§V g§`_rnUo ì`VrV
Ho$co.
YmH$Q>o ~§Yy lr.h[a^mD$ `m§Zr d{H$crMr narjm {Xcr d OwÞa `oWo d{H$cr gwê$
Ho$cr. Ë`m§Zm N>ÌnVr lr {edmOr _hmamOm§Mm \$ma Ü`mg hmoVm. lr{edam`m§À`m
OÝ_ñWmZr {edZoar {H$„çmda à{Vdfu \$mëJwZ dÚ V¥Vr`m `m {Xder lr {edO`§VrMm
CËgd Ë`m§À`mM nwT>mH$mamZo gwê$ Pmcm d Vmo AÚmnhr Mmccm Amho. lr {edN>ÌnVtÀ`m
`m AMyH$ d g§emoYZmÀ`m H$gmoQ>rda CVacoë`m OÝ_{Xder, \$º$ XmoZM {R>H$mUr
{edO`§Vr gmOar Ho$cr OmVo. Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ {edZoarda lr.h[a^mD$ `m§Zr àma§^ Ho$cocr
d Xwgar lrjoÌ S>ao dU `oWrc lr {edg_W© JS> `m n[agamV lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO `m§Zr ñWmnZm Ho$coë`m, lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>~o c Q´>ñQ>V\}$
gmOar hmoUmar.
lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo nydO© , _mVm{nVm VgoM ~§Y^w {JZr d BVa AmáñdH$s` `m§Mr
_m{hVr nm{hcr AgVm Vo gd©OU B©œa^º$ AgyZ, àIa ~w{Õ_Îmm Am{U H$V©~Jmar `m
JwUm§Zr Zmdcm¡{H$H$ àmßV H$ê$Z KoVcoco AmT>iVmV. lr~m~m§À`m KamÊ`mV Hw$cmMma,
lmÕnjmXr H$_}, hr AmñWoZo Am{U emómcm AZwgê$Z AmMaÊ`mV `oV AgV.

6 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 Aem VèhoZo, CnmgZo_wio nmdZ Pmcoë`m Am{U {nT>çmZ² {nT>çm§À`m nwÊ`g§M`mZo
lrAdYyV XÎmmÌo` `m§Mm OÝ_ hmoÊ`mg `mo½`Vm nmdcoë`m `m d§emV lr_V² g{ƒXmZ§X
lrgX² J w é dmgw X o d mZ§ V gañd{V VWm lr~m~m_hmamO `m§ À `m ê$nmZo gmjmV
lrA¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr ñdm_r g_W© `m§Zr AdVma KoVcm.
Ë`m H$mimV lr~m~m§Mo dS>rc lr.Zmam`Uamd `m§Mr ~Xcr H$Zm©Q>H$mV hþ~ir `oWo
Pmcr hmoVr. VoWM
o lr~m~m§Mm OÝ_ Pmcm. hm n[aga Ë`mdoir Wmoa {ed`moJr lr{gÕmê$T>
ñdm_tÀ`m {edZm_mÀ`m àgmamZo Xw_Xw_Zy Jocm hmoVm.
(Am`m©) _ {edZm_mÀ`m JOao Xw_Xw_co gd© hr nhm Z^ Vo Ÿ&
Pmco ^{º$nam`U OZ ~hþ Vo Oo gwOmU H$s kmVo Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

lrñdm_r g_WmªMm, lrXÎmmÌo`m§Mm AdVma BWo hmoUma Amho ho Amnë`m {Xì`

Ñï>rZo OmUyZ lr{gÕmê$T> ñdm_tZr hm n[aga à^yÀ§ `m AmJ_ZmH$[aVm gw`mo½` Am{U
nmdZ H$ê$Z R>odcm hmoVm. _mVmolr gm¡.cú_r~mBªZm ew^gyMH$ S>mohmio hmoV hmoVo. B©œar
J^m©Mo VoO gdmªJmdê$Z Amog§Sy>Z OmV hmoVo. à^y am_M§Ðm§À`m OÝ_H$mcr _mVm H$m¡gë`m
Oer VoOmZo emo^V hmoVr, Vem lr~m~m§À`m _mVmolr VoO:nwO § H$m§VrZo emo^m`_mZ {Xgy
cmJë`m. Ë`m§Zm _§{XamV OmD$Z B©ûdanyOZmMo, h[aH$Wm ldUmMo, gmYwgV§ m§À`m Xe©ZmMo
S>mohmio cmJco hmoVo. KamV gËH$_} H$amdrV, Iyn XmZY_© H$amdm Aem àH$maMr CËH$Q>
BÀN>m à~i Pmcr.
(Am`m©) _ dmQ>o B©œa^º$s H$aUo VodrM amD$im OmUo Ÿ&
à^wcrcm ldUmZo gm¡»` {Vcm dmQ>cM o H$s OoUo Ÿ&&
_lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
{XdmirMm gU AmZ§XmV, CËgmhmV gmOam Pmcm. H$m{V©H$s EH$mXer Xodà~mo{YZr
EH$mXer Pmcr. eaX F$VyZo g¥ï>rMo d¡^d d¥qÕJV Pmcoco hmoV.o YZYmÝ`mMr g_¥Õr
hmoVr. ^y_r "gwOcm_² gw\$cm_² Ÿ& gñ` em_cm_²' Aer emo^V hmoVr. cmoH$m§À`m {MÎmd¥Îmr
à\w${„V hmoË`m. Amamo½`Xm`H$ Agm H$mi hmoVm. XyYXw^Vo, ^mOrnmcm {dnwc hmoVo.
Ka§XmO, lr_§V OZ gT>i hmVmZo XmZY_© H$arV hmoV.o JmoaJar~, ~cwVXo ma AmXr _§S>ir
gwImg_mYmZmV hmoVr. Agm àgÞ Am{U gmpÎdH$ àd¥ÎmrMm n[anmof H$aUmam H$mi
à^yZ§ r ^yVcmda `oÊ`mgmR>r {Z{üV Ho$cm.
d¡Hw§$R>MVwX©erMo d«V Cndmg H$ê$Z nmico Joco. h[aham§À`m ^oQ>rMm hm

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$bd¥Îmm§V / 7

{Xdg gdmªZr AmZ§XmZo gmOam Ho$cm. Xwgao {Xder nm¡{U©_m COmS>cr. lre§H$am§Zr `mM
{Xder {ÌnwamgwamMm dY H$ê$Z OJVmcm ^`_wº$ Ho$co. {ÌnwanyOZ H$ê$Z {edmc`mnwT>o
{Ìnwa nmOiÊ`mMm `m {Xder àKmV Amho. Agm hm na__§Jc {Xdg lrXÎmmdVmar,
lrA¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr ñdm_r g_WmªZr Amnë`m {à` {eî`mÀ`m, lrgX²>Jwé am_mZ§X
~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m H$m`m©Mm {dñVma H$aÊ`mgmR>r,
{eî`mgmR>r Jwé, JwégmR>r {eî` Ÿ& Eogm Ioi Img MmcVgo Ÿ&&
(g§{já gX²>Jwé-M[aÌ 3:41)
_Zwî`Xoh YmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r {ZdS>cm. H$m{V©H$ nm¡{U©_m, {Ìnwar nm¡{U©_m eH$ 1805;
~wYdma; {X. 14 Zmoìh|~a 1883 hm Vmo {Xdg hmoVm.
(Am`m©) _ H$m{V©H$ _mg gwIX Vmo, {V{W nm¡Uu_m{h ewŠc Vmo nj Ÿ&
d[a`mZ `moJ gw§Xa, OmUw{Z Pmcm{M H$mc Vmo Xj Ÿ&&
_mÜ`m•r a{d hmoVm, JV KQ>r gmoim AYrH$ AY© KQ>r Ÿ&
^aUr ZjÌmdar h[a OÝ_o gm¡å`emM ~wYdmar Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

^maVr` à_mUdoiZo gw ma Xwnmar 1 dmOyZ 23 {_{ZQ>mZ§ r gy`© AmH$me_Ü`mda VinV

AgVmZm _mVmolr cú_r~mBªZr nwÌaËZmg OÝ_ {Xcm. na~«÷mMo Vo Jmo{OadmUo ~mcê$n
nmhmd`mg {_imdo åhUyZ ~«÷m-{dîUy-_hoe `m {Ì_yVvgh gd© B§ÐmXr gwada, gáfu,
gZV²Hw$_mam{XH$, `_-déU Am{X cmoH$nmc, Xod-J§Yd©, `j-{H$Þa Amnmnë`m
{d_mZm§VyZ, `mZm§VyZ AmH$memV XmQ>r H$ê$Z C^o am{hco.
(Am`m©) _ à^wda `o AdZrdar, OmUwZr gH$cm§gr Vmof Vmo Pmcm Ÿ&
A§~ar A_ahr Amco, gyú_ê$n| nmhÊ`mg Ë`m h[acm Ÿ&&
d{f©{V gw_Zo gwada, h[adar _moXo Ag§»` Ë`m doir Ÿ&
AdVacm XÎm ñd`|, Yê$Zr _mZdr ñdê$n Ë`m H$mir Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

OÝ_doi AË`§V ew^ hmoVr. ^aUr ZjÌmMm MVwW© MaU d d[a`mZ hm ew^
`mo J OÝ_H$mcr hmo V m. gd© J« h n{ÌHo $ V CÀMñWmZr d ew ^ \$cXm`r hmo V o .
Á`mo{Vfm§Zr ~mcH$mMr amg _of d Hw§$^ c¾ Agë`mMo OÝ_{Q>nU _m§Sy>Z gm§{JVco.
lr~m~m§Mr OÝ_Hw§$S>cr nwT>rcà_mUo hmoVr.

8 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr~m~m§Mr OÝ_Hw$§ S>cr
OÝ_ - H$m{V©H$ nm¡{U©_m eH$ 1805;
~wYdma, {X. 14 Zmoìh|~a 1883
OÝ_ZjÌ - ^aUr
MaU - MVwW,© amg - _of,
c¾ - Hw$§ ^, `moZr - JO,
JU - _Zwî`, ZmS>r - _Ü`,
4 JmoÌ - em§{S>ë`.
n{ÌHo$V gd© J«h CƒñWmZr Am{U
ew^\$c Xe©{dUmao hmoV.o Zd_ ñWmZr VwiM o m a{d, ~wY Am{U amhÿ `mg_doV hmoVm.
_ofM
o m Ho$Vy M§Ðmg_doV V¥Vr`ñWmZr hmoVm. d¥{üHo$Mm ewH$« Xe_ñWmZr, H$H}$Mm Jwé d
_§Ji fð>mV Aer J«hpñWVr OÝ_H$mcr hmoVr.
Vo VoOñdr ~mcê$n nmhÿZ _mVm-{nVm YÝ` Pmco. fð>r nyOZmXr gd© gmonñH$ma nma
nS>c.o ÛmXe{XZr nmiÊ`m§V KmcyZ Zm_H$aU-g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. nwÌmMo Zmd
"am_M§Ð' Ago R>odÊ`mV Amco. _mVm-{nVm Am{U AmáOZ `m§Zr dmËgë`mnmoQ>r hm
gmohim gmOam Ho$cmAgcm, Var lr~m~m ho àË`j na_oœa-nwéfmoÎm_ Agë`m_wio `m
gmohù`mMo _hÎd Ho$di cmoH$ì`dhma åhUyZM g_Oco nm{hOo.
lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO åhUyZM Ë`mMo dU©Z nwT>rc AmodrV H$aVmV.
AZmå`mgr Ë`m Zm_ R>{o dVrŸ& AOÝå`mgr Ë`m OÝ_ H$pënVr Ÿ&
Zm_ê$nm{VVmgr Zw_O{V Ÿ& {ZË` {Za§Va à^wamUm Ÿ&&
~mcnUrMm H$mi
KamV g_¥Õr Agë`mZo _mVm{nË`m§À`m dmËgë`dfm©dmV ~mcnU AmZ§XmV OmV
hmoV.o lr~m~m§À`m ~mcnUmMr n{hcr nmM df} hþ~ir `oWo Jocr. d`mÀ`m nmMì`m
dfu, Ë`m àm§VmV dmñVì` H$ê$Z Agcoë`m à»`mV {ed`moJr lr{gÕmê$T> ñdm_tZr
lr~m~m§À`m Jù`mV, gm_mÝ` OZm§À`m M_©MjyZ§ m {Xgy Z eH$Umar Aer EH$ éÐmjmMr
_mi KmVcr hmoVr. lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§Zr Ago gm§{JVco hmoVo, H$s ""Omo H$moUr hr _mi
AmoiIoc Vmo VwPm {Z`V gX²>Jéw OmU.''
lr~m~m§Mo àmW{_H$ {ejU Ë`m àXoemV Agcoë`m, H$mZS>r ^mfo_YyZM Pmco. nwT>o
d{S>cm§À`m ZmoH$arV hmoUmè`m ~Xë`m§_i
w o lr~m~m§Mo _amR>r Am{U B§JO
« r {ejU H$mhr

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$bd¥Îmm§V / 9

H$mi nwUo `oWo, VgoM H$moëhmnya, Hw$é§XdmS> Aem doJdoJù`m Jmdr KSy>Z Amco.
~mcnUrÀ`m Ë`m§À`m M[aÌm~Ôc H$mhr AmR>dUr gm§Jy eHo$c Aer H$moUr ì`º$s CncãY
Zgë`m_wio Ë`m{df`rÀ`m Zm|Xr Hw$R>ho r gmnS>V ZmhrV. n[aUm_r Ë`m§À`m OrdZM[aÌmMm
Vmo H$mcI§S> ~hþe: AkmVM amhÿZ Jocm. VWm{n ~w{Õ_ÎmoMr Acm¡{H$H$ M_H$ Ë`m§À`m
emco` OrdZmV Z¸$sM {XgyZ Amcr AgUma Ago nwT>rc M[aÌmdê$Z _mÌ åhUVm
`oVo.
chmZnUr lr~m~m§Mo dmñVì` ~amMH$mi Ë`m§À`m Á`oð> ~§Yy§À`m åhUOo
lr.H¥$îUmOrn§V D$\©$ ~id§Vamd `m§À`m Kar KSy>Z Amco. lr~m~m§Mo dS>rc
lr.Zmam`Uamd D$\©$ AßnmOr `m§Mr ZmoH$ar nr.S>ãë`y.S>r. ImË`mV Agë`mH$maUmZo
Ë`m§À`m dma§dma {Za{Zamù`m Jmdr ~Xë`m hmoV AgV. {ejUmMr hoigm§S> hmoD$ Z`o
åhUyZ lr~m~m§Zm, d{S>cm§Zr Amnë`m Á`oð> {Ma§Ordm§H$S>o {ejUmgmR>r R>odco hmoVo.
VoWo amhmV AgVmZm lr.H¥$îUmOrn§Vm§Mm _wcJm e§H$a Am{U emiH$ar d`mMo lr~m~m
`m XmoKm§H$S>o KamVë`m XodnyOoMo H$m_ AmirnmirZo H$amd`mg hmoVo. lr~m~m Ooìhm
XodnyOco m ~gV AgV Voìhm Ë`m§Zm nyU© EH$ Vmg cmJV Ago. `mCcQ> e§H$a nmM
{_{ZQ>mV nyOm AmQ>monyZ CR>m`Mm. lr~m~m§À`m d{hZr Ë`m§Zm åhUV, ""Aao ~§Sy>,
(lr~m~m§Mo KaJwVr Zmd) Vwcm nyOc o m H$gm H$m` EdT>m doi cmJVmo ao ?'' lr~m~m
åhUV, ""AJ d{hZr, ho Xod AmhoV Zm, Vo nyOm H$aVmZm _mÂ`mer JßnmJmoï>r H$aVmV.
_cm åhUVmV, "Am_Mr ZrQ>, Mm§Jcr nyOm H$a ~a§ H$m !' Am{U _J nyOc o m doi
cmJVmo.'' lr~m~m§À`m `m {Zì`m©O CÎmamda Ë`m§À`m d{hZr åhUV, ""VwÂ`mer ~ao
Jßnm _maVmV Xod ! Am_À`mer Zmhr AmOn`ªV H$Yr ~mocco ho VwPo Xod ?'' lr~m~m
åhUm`Mo, ""Vo H$mhr _cm R>mD$H$ Zmhr, nU _mÂ`mer _mÌ Vo ~mocVmV EdT>o Iao !''
lr~m~m§Mo d` Voìhm AmR> ZD$ dfmªMo hmoV.o Kam~mhoa OmVmZm Á`oð> ~§Yy d d{hZr
`m§Zm Vo Z MwH$Vm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z {ZKV. OmVm `oVmZm BVam§ZmgwÕm Vo Z_ñH$ma H$arV
AgV. BVHo$M H$m` nU XadmOmcmgwÕm hmV cmdyZ Z_ñH$ma H$arV. Ë`m§À`m `m
d§XZ^º$sÀ`m, OJmÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo hmoV Agcoë`m A{VaoH$m_wio KamV Ë`m§Zm "doS>m ~§Sy>'
Ago g§~moYZ ê$T> Pmco hmoVo. nU ho doS> Y«wd~mimMo, àëhmXmMo hmoVo ho cmoH$m§Zm H$go
C_Jmdo ?
emco` {ejU nyU© H$ê$Z, lr~m~m _w~§ B©cm _°{Q´>H$Mr narjm XoÊ`mgmR>r Amco.
Ë`m H$mimV lr.H¥$îUmOrn§Vm§Mo {~èhmS> R>mUo `oWo hmoV.o Ë`m§À`mH$S>M
o lr~m~m§Mo dmñVì`
hmoVo. R>mÊ`mhÿZ lr~m~m aoëdoZo _w§~B©cm narjocm OmV AgV.

10 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²>Jéw ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z
gZ 1898 gmcr _°{Q´>H$Mr narjm CÎmrU© hmoD$Z _w~§ B©À`m Mm¡nmQ>r `oWrc {dëgZ
H$m°cO o , `m Ë`m H$miÀ`m Zm_d§V _hm{dÚmc`mV lr~m~m§Zr àdoe KoVcm. {dëgZ
H$m°cO o mV {ejU KoV AgVmZm Ë`m§Mr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` lr.dm_Zamd am_M§Ð
^mJdV `m§À`mer _¡Ìr OwiZy Amcr. lr.^mJdV Voìhm R>mHw$aÛmacm Pmd~mÀ`m dmS>rV
amhV AgV. lr~m~m Ë`m§À`m Kar AYyZ_YyZ OmV AgV.
lr~m~m§À`m Á`oð> ~§YZ§y r lr~m~m§Zm gZ 1900 _Ü`o nwUo `oWo B§{O{ZA[a¨J H$m°cO
o mV
Ec.gr.B©. `m B§{O{ZA[a¨JÀ`m nXdr Aä`mgH«$_mgmR>r XmIc Ho$co. Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§Mo
_w~§ B©hZÿ nwÊ`mg `oUo KS>c.o nwÊ`mg Amë`mda lr.dm_Zamd ^mJdVm§À`m AmoiIrZo
lr~m~m àW_ ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmg Joc.o OmVmZm lr.^mJdVm§Zr lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Zm XoÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m§À`m n[aM`mMo EH$ nÌ ~amo~a {Xco hmoV.o lr~m~m§Zr
_R>mV OmD$Z lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m MaUm§da _ñVH$ R>do co Am{U nÌ XoD$Z EH$m
~mOycm hmV OmoS>yZ C^o am{hco. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Vo nÌ dmMco d EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zm
AmnmX_ñVH$ Ý`mhmico Am{U åhUmco, ""Vy Am_À`m dm_ZMm {_Ì. Ë`mMo nÌ KoD$Z
BWo Amcmg åhUyZ Vwcm C^m Ho$cm. ~ao, nU BVHo$ {eH$cmg H$emcm ? `m B§JO « r
{ejUmZo gJir KmU Ho$cr. ~ao, Agmo. nU AmVm àW_ Ec.gr.B©. (B§{O{ZA[a¨JMr
nXdr) hmo. AÜ`mË_mMo nwT>o nmhÿ.'' hr lr~m~m§Mr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§er n{hcr ^oQ>.
Ë`m H$mimV lr~m~m Amnë`m _mVm{nË`m§gh gXm{ed noR>Vo rc {M_Ê`m JUnVrOdi
^S>^S>o dmS>çmV amhmV AgV.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z Pmë`mnmgyZ lr~m~m§À`m A§Jr CnOV Agcocr
B©œa^º$s A{YH$ Vrd« ~Zcr. gd©gmYmaU _Zwî`mà_mUo Eo{hH$ JmoîQ>tMo AmH$f©U Ë`m§Zm
_wimVM ZìhVo Am{U gX²>Jéw ^oQ> Pmë`mZ§Va Vo cm¡{H$H$ ì`dhmamg AJXrM Zm__mÌ
_hÎd XoD$ cmJco. XaamoO Ë`m§Mm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmg OmÊ`mMm Zo_ R>ê$Z
Jocm. B§{O{ZA[a¨JÀ`m Aä`mgmH$S>o Xwcj © hmoD$ cmJco.
_mV¥{nV¥{d`moJ Am{U Á`oð> ~§YM
§y o {ZYZ
`mM gw_mamg {Z`VrZo Ë`m§À`mda n{hcm AmKmV Ho$cm. gZ 1900 _Ü`oM lr~m~m§Mo
_w~§ B© `oWo amhmUmao Á`oð> ~§Yy lr.H¥$îUmOrn§V `m§Mo ŸöX`{dH$mamZo {ZYZ Pmco. lr~m~m§Mm
emim Vo H$m°cO o n`ªV BVH$s df} Á`m dS>rc~§YZ§y r gm§^mi Ho$cm hmoVm, Ë`m§Mm {d`moJ
åhUOo lr~m~m§Mo N>Ì hanë`mà_mUoM hmoV.o `m Xw:IX KQ>ZZo V§ a XmoZM dfmªZr lr~m~m§Mo

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$bd¥Îmm§V / 11

dS>rc, lr.Zmam`Uamd D$\© AßnmOr `m§Zm H¡$cmgdmg KS>cm. Ho$di XmoZM dfmªÀ`m
H$mimV Pmcoë`m `m AmKmVm§Zr lr~m~m§da H$m` n[aUm_ Pmcm, ho AmnUmcm AmO
AkmV Amho. na§Vw `mZ§Va lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmUo, Ë`m§Mr godm H$aUo
`mda `m§Mm ^a _mÌ dmT>V Jocm. `mMm n[aUm_ Agm Pmcm, H$s Vo B§{O{ZA[a¨JÀ`m
eodQ>À`m dfm©cm AgVmZm XoIrc Aä`mg gmoS>yZ OmñVrV OmñV H$mi, gX²>Jéw À§ `m
ghdmgmV Kmcdy cmJco. lr~m~m§À`m _mVmolr, lr_Vr cú_r~mB© `m qMVmJ«ñV Pmë`m.
EH$ {Xdg Ë`m§Zr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm g_j ^oQ>yZ Amncr H$miOr {d{XV Ho$cr.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO åhUmco, "" Vwåhr Ë`mMr qMVm H$ê$ ZH$m. _mPo Ë`mÀ`mda ZrQ> cj
Amho. Vmo narjm Mm§Jë`m JwUm§Zr CÎmrU© hmoBc
© Ago g_Om.'' lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m
`m AmœmgZm_wio lr~m~m§À`m _mVmolr {ZqüV hmoD$Z naV Joë`m. lr~m~m§À`m {XZH«$_mV
H$mhrhr \$aH$ nS>cm ZìhVm. lr~m~m§Mr B§{O{ZA[a¨JÀ`m eodQ>À`m dfm©Mr narjm Odi
Amcr. narjm XoÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m _w~§ B©cm Joc.o
lr~m~m Ec.gr.B©.À`m narjocm ~gco. _mVmolr `mM gw_mamg Amnë`m Omd`m§H$S>o
lr.Zmam`U Ym|S>mo Omoer, \$m¡OXma, åhUOoM lr~m~m§À`m Á`oð> ^{JZr gm¡.doUVy mB© `m§Mo
`O_mZ `m§À`mH$S>o Joë`m hmoË`m. OwÞaÀ`m OdiM "YmocdS>' Zm_H$ EH$ IoS>o Amho. VoWo
lr.Omoer, \$m¡OXma, `m§Mr eoVrdmS>r hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m _mVmolr VoWo Joë`m AgVmZm
AmOmar nS>ë`m d EH$X_ AË`dñW Pmë`m. lr~m~m§Zm VmVS>rZo _w~§ B© `oWo {Zamon nmR>dÊ`mV
Amcm. Ë`m {Xder Ë`m§Mm narjoMm eodQ>Mm nona hmoVm. lr~m~m§Zr nona {Xcm Am{U
VmËH$mi OwÞa `oWo {ZKyZ Amco. na§Vw _mVmoltMr AIoaMr ^oQ>gÕ w m hmoD$ eH$cr Zmhr. hr
KQ>Zm 1904 gmcm_Yrc. lr~m~m OJmÀ`m Ñï>rZo nyUV© `m nmoaHo$ Pmco hmoV.o OJËnmcH$mcm
Amåhr Am_À`m _moO_mnmZo nmoaHo$ R>a{dUo åhUOo _moR>mM {dZmoX åhUmdm cmJoc. na§Vw
B©œamZo EH$Xm _Zwî`Xoh YmaU Ho$cm, H$s `m crcmZmQ>çmÀ`m IoimMo {Z`_ Ë`mcmgwÕm
nmiUo ^mJ nS>Vo qH$dm Vmo ñdV:À`m BÀN>Zo M o hr gwÕm EH$ àH$maMr crcmM H$ê$Z
XmIdrV AgVmo. à^wam_M§Ðm§Zr Zmhr H$m, ""ho grVo ho grVo !'' Agm Q>mhmo \$moS>rV d¥jdoctZm
AmqcJZo XoV emoH$ Ho$cm ! lr~m~m§Zm gwÕm `m gd© AmnÎmt_wio AH$ñ_mV Vrd« d¡am½` àmá
Pmco. EH$m gX²>Jwé{edm` lr~m~m§da N>Ì Ago Hw$UmMoM Caco Zmhr. OJmÀ`m
N>ŠŠ`mn§Á`m~Ôc nyUV© : AZ{^k, EImÚm {ZamJg A^©H$mÀ`m ZOaoZo OJmH$S>o nmhUmao
lr~m~m, Ë`m§À`m Am`wî`mV hm aUaUVm CÝhmimM Amcm. gX²>²Jéw À§ `m {R>H$mUr AZÝ`
^º$s R>do Uo EdT>r EH$M Jmoï> Vo OmUrV hmoV.o Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr gwÕm AmoT>mVmUrMr
Pmcr. d{S>cmonm{O©V eoVr VmgJmd `oWo hmoVr. Hw$é§XdmS> `oW,o {nVm_h lr.{dÇ>cn§V `m§Zr

12 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

~m§Ycoco Ka hmoV.o lr~m~m§Zr eoVr {dHy$Z Q>mH$cr. Hw$é§XdmS>Mo Ka ñdV:À`m YmH$Q>çm
~§YÀ§y `m lr.h[a^mD§$À`m Zmdmda H$ê$Z {Xco. lr~m~m§gmaIm, g§nÞ KamÊ`mV OÝ_cocm
nwéf OJahmQ>rMo MQ>H$o gmogVmZm {XgV hmoVm.
lr~m~m Ec.gr.B©. Pmco. _mVmolr H¡$cmgdmgr Pmë`m hmoË`m. na§Vw lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm {Xcocm eãX, ""_mPo Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o cj Amho'' hm Iam H$ê$Z XmI{dcm
hmoVm. df©^a H$mhr EH$ Aä`mg Z H$ê$ZgwÕm lr~m~m narjoV CÎmrU© Pmco hmoVo.
1904 gmcmV Ec.gr.B©. hmoD$Z lr~m~m OwÞacm Amnë`m ^{JZrH$S>o amhmd`mg
Joc.o Ë`mZ§Va 1908 gmcr Ah_Xm~mX `oWo Ë`m§Zm EH$ ZmoH$ar cmJcr na§Vw Vr H$m`_
Zgë`m_wio Ë`mM dfu gwQ>cr. gZ 1909 _Ü`o lr~m~m nr.S>ãë`y.S>r. ImË`mV
Amoìha{g`a åhUyZ ZmoH$arg cmJco. hr ZmoH$ar eodQ>n`ªV åhUOo 11 Am°ŠQ>m~o a 1928
`m Ë`m§À`m BZìh°{cS> noÝeZ {_imë`mÀ`m VmaIon`ªV Mmccr.
ZmoH$arÀ`m gwédmVrg Ë`m§Mr AZoH$ {R>H$mUr ~Xcr Pmcr. Vo _hmS> `oWo S>oß`wQ>r
B§{O{Z`a `m hþÔçmda hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr H$mhr H$mi ZmJmoR>Um, noU `oWohr ZmoH$ar Ho$cr. nwUo
gmoS>yZ Omd`mg cmJco Var gX²>Jéw À§ `m Xe©ZmMr AmoT> ñdñW ~gyZ XoV ZìhVr. noU-
ZmJmoR>Um `oWo AgVmZm Xa e{Zdmar gw_mao 36 _¡c Vo gm`H$cZo nigYar `m _w~§ B©-
nwUo _mJm©darc I§Smù`mÀ`m KmQ>mVrc EH$m N>mQo >çmem aoëdo ñQ>e o Zda `oV AgV. VoWo
gm`H$c R>do Zy AmJJmS>rZo nwÊ`mg `oV AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z ¿`md`mMo
Am{U Xwgè`m {Xder Amë`m _mJm©ZM o naV OmD$Z nwÝhm nwT>À`m e{Zdmar Xe©Zmg
hOa ìhm`Mo, Agm Ë`m§Mm H«$_ hmoVm.
***

~moYdMZo
_mUgmZo Am°{S>Z© ar amhmdo. AmnU Aä`mg H$aVmo Ë`mMm JmOmdmOm
XmIdy Z`o. na_mW© Á`mMm Ë`mZo H$amd`mMm AgVmo. Ë`mH$[aVm Xwgè`m
Bg_mg H$ï>r H$ê$ Z`o. ñdV:Mo Ah§^mdmZo {ZË`mä`mg H$amdm. EH$Xm
Aä`mg H$ië`mda {Q>d{Q>d gmoS>y Z Úmdr. `mMo Zmd {dœmg. ZwgË`m
godoZo H$m_ hmoB©b. àýmoÎmamMo ^mZJS>rV nSy> Z`o. g§V gX²Jwé
{eUmd`mÀ`m AmYr, AmnU _Zmer g_OyZ ¿`mdoV.
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Hw$bd¥Îmm§V / 13

 lrgX²>Jwé am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO
lr~m~m§Mo gX²>Jéw nX Á`m§Zr ñdrH$maco Ë`m lram_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo dmñVì`
nwÊ`mVM KSy>Z Amco. Ë`m§Mm OÝ_ _mK ewŸ&& Aï>_r eH$ 1760; _§Jidma, {X.22
OmZodmar 1839 `m {Xder _mÜ`m• g_`r Pmcm. Ë`m§Mo KamUo nmW©JmoÌr XoeñW F$½doXr
~«m÷UmMo AgyZ nyd©Om§Zr namH«$_ d H$V©~Jmar `m§À`m ~imda AZoH$ Jmdo BZm_
{_i{dcr hmoVr. Ë`m§Mo dS>rc lr.~id§Vamd nwÊ`mnmgyZ 16-17 _¡cm§da Agcoë`m
Zm§XwaH$sÀ`m {H$ëë`mMo _w»` A{YH$mar hmoVo. lr.~id§Vamdm§À`m gmhgr d eya
ñd^mdmMr Xwgao ~mOramd noedo `m§À`mda \$ma N>mn nS>cr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr
lr.~id§Vamd `m§Zm Amnco earaajH$ åhUyZ {Z`wº$ Ho$co hmoV.o EHo$ àg§Jr noeì`m§da
Kmd KmcUmè`m _maoH$è`m§À`m VcdmarMo nmVo ZwgË`m hmVmZo nH$Sy>Z R>do Zy Ë`m§Zr noeì`m§Mo
ajU Ho$co.
lr.~id§Vamdm§Mm àW_ {ddmh g§V{VàmárÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo Ag\$c R>aë`m_wio {ÛVr`
{ddmh gmocmnya {Oëô`mVrc ~meu VmcwŠ`mVrc "daS> dmKwcr' `oWrc Hw$cH$Ur©
lr.ì`§H$Q>amd `m§Mr _wcJr J§JVw mB© {hÀ`mer Pmcm. `m Xm§nË`mcm XmoZ _wcJo d Mma
_wcr. `m§nH¡ $s eodQ>Mo AnË` åhUOo lr~rS>H$a _hmamO.
~mcnU
`m§Mo Zm_H$aU "am_M§Ð' Ago H$aÊ`mV Amco. ho Amnë`m _mVmoltà_mUo ê$ndmZ,
gS>nmVi, ZmOyH$ eara`ï>r, Jm¡adU© d VoOñdr nmUrXma S>mi o o `m§Zr `wº$ Ago hmoV.o
~mcnUr Aä`mg MwQ>H$sgaer g§ndyZ ho Ioim`cm niyZ OmV AgV. Ë`m§À`m ~w{Õ_ÎmoMr
M_H$ nmhÿZ Ë`m§Mo dS>rc W¸$ hmoD$Z OmV AgV. KamV gw~Îmm Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mo
H$moS>H$m¡VwH$ Mm§Jë`màH$mao nwa{dÊ`mV `oB©. na§Vw Ë`m§À`m d`mÀ`m gmVì`m dfu
lr.~id§ V amdm§ M o {ZYZ Pmco . B§ J « O gaH$maZo no e dmB© Imcgm Ho $ ë`mZ§ V a
lr.~id§Vamdm§Zm XmoZeo én`o noÝeZ XoD$ Ho$co hmoVo. na§Vw Ë`m ñdm{^_mZr J¥hñWmZo
åco§ÀN>m§Mo AÞ ImUo A`mo½` _mZyZ Vo ZmH$maco hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m níMmV lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§À`m _mVmoltZm e§^a én`o noÝeZ XoÊ`mMm gaH$mamVyZ hþHy$_ Pmcm hmoVm nU
Ë`m§Zrhr Amnë`m nVrÀ`m Zr{V_yë`m§Zm AZwgê$Z Vo ZmH$maco.
lr.~id§Vamdm§À`m _mJo _mVmolr J§J~w mBªZr Amnë`m {Ma§Ordmda H$gmoerZo gwgñ§ H$ma
KS>{dÊ`mV Am{U B©œagodm H$aÊ`mda Amnco gd© cj H|${ÐV Ho$co. lr~rS>H$a

14 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_hmamOm§Mm ñd^md ~mcnUmnmgyZ emoYH$ d Mm¡H$g hmoVm. emco` OrdZmV XoIrc
H$mhrVar CÚmoJ AWdm IaoXr_{dH«$sMo H$m_ H$ê$Z XmoZ n¡go {_i{dÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zm hm¡g
hmoVr. B©œamMo doS> ~mcnUmnmgyZ S>moŠ`mV Agë`mZo EH$Xm gd§JS>çm§~amo~a n§T>anyacm
{ZKmco. dmQ>oV BVa _wcm§Zr H$mT>Vm nm` KoD$Z nwÝhm KamH$S>o _moMm© di{dcm nU
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _mÌ ZoQ>mZo nwT>o {ZKmco. dmaH$è`m§~amo~a AmfmT>r EH$mXerÀ`m
{Xder Vo n§T>anwamV nmohmoMco. nU VoWo JXuV M|JamM|Jar d Y¸$m~w¸$s Mmccocr nmhÿZ
Amnë`mcm nm§S>waJ§ mMo Xe©Z hmoUma Zmhr åhUyZ aSy> cmJco. Aem doir gmjmV nm§S>waJ§ mZo
EH$m ~S>ì`mMo ê$n KoD$Z Ë`m§Zm WoQ> Jm^mè`mV Zoco d {dR>m~o mÀ`m Jù`mVrc VwierMr
_mi H$mTy>Z Ë`m§À`m Jù`mV KmVcr.
gáe¥J§ rcm Joco AgVmZm XodrÀ`m _wImV R>do cocm Ì`moXeJwUr {dS>m AmnmoAmn
Ë`m§À`m hmVmV nS>cm. øm KQ>ZZo o VoWrc gd© _§S>ir, XodrMo nwOmar dJ¡ao Amü`©M{H$V
Pmco d Ë`m§Zr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§da XodrMm H¥$nmàgmX Pmcm åhUyZ Ë`m§Mr \$ma
àe§gm Ho$cr.
cú_rMo daXmZ
emco` {ejU g§nVmM B§JO « r {ejU Z KoVm Ë`m§Zm àn§MmMm ^ma CMcÊ`mgmR>r
{H$aH$moi CÚmoJ H$aUo ^mJ nS>co. `mM H$mimV Vo WmoS>r\$ma gmoÝ`mMm§XrMr narjm
H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ H$ê$ cmJco. Ë`m§À`m `m joÌmVrc àmdrÊ`m_wio gam\$ åhUyZ Mm§Jcm
Zmdcm¡{H$H$ Pmcm. Z§Va gwJY§ r AÎmao, Aï>JY§ , H$ñVwar Aem lr_§V dñVyÀ§ `m ì`mnmamV
cj KmVco. chmZ à_mUmda Odm{hamMm ì`mnma, nmaI ho H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co. `m§V Ë`m§Zm
Mm§Jcm \$m`Xm hmoD$ cmJcm. `m {edm` AmS>{JèhmB©H$s IaoXr Ho$coë`m dñVy {dH$Ê`mMm
Ë`m§Zm N>§X hmoVm. `m àH$maÀ`m EH$m ì`dhmamV Ë`m§Zr EH$ OwÝ`m Vm§ã`m-{nVioÀ`m
^m§S>çm§Mm JQ> ñdñVmV IaoXr Ho$cm. Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ g_B© Imcr nSy>Z dmH$cr Voìhm
Ë`m§Zm g§e` Amcm åhUyZ ZrQ> KmgyZ nm{hcr AgVm {VÀ`mdarc _mVrMo, YwirMo
H$sQ> OmD$Z Vr gmoÝ`mMr Agë`mMo AmT>ico. BVHo$M Zìho Va Ë`m g_B©À`m nmoH$i
Xm§S>çmV ~hþ_moc {hao, _mUHo$ BË`mXr aËZo XS>dyZ R>odcocr gmnS>cr. Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr gm§n{ÎmH$ pñWVr BVH$s CËH$fm©cm nmohmoMcr, H$s ehamVcm
{hè`m-_moË`m§Mm ~mOma Ë`m§À`m gëë`mda Mmcy cmJcm.
g§nÎmrMm daXhñV, VméÊ` Am{U _mohH$ ì`{º$_Îd `m_wio lr_§V, EofAmam_r
Agm_tÀ`m dVwi © mV Ë`m§Mr \$ma dmImUUr hmoD$ cmJcr. Ë`m§À`mV CR>~g dmT>cr

lrgX²Jwé am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO / 15

Am{U `mMm Xwîn[aUm_ Omo ìhm`Mm VmoM Pmcm. Y§Xm-CÚmoJmdarc cj CSy>Z hiyhiy
Vo ZmMJmUr, ì`gZmgº$s `m§À`m Amhmar Joë`m_wio cú_r nwÝhm Xya nimcr. EH$Xm
g§nÎmrMr Md MmIcocr Agë`mZo Xm[aÐçmMo MQ>H$o _aUàm` doXZm XoD$ cmJco. ~wÕr
amOg ~Zë`m_wio _ZmV EImÚm Ad{c`mH$Sy>Z {H$_`m àmßV H$ê$Z ¿`mdr d {dZml_
g§nÎmr {_idmdr åhUOo {df`mon^moJ Aì`mhV Mmcy amIVm `oVrc Aem {dMmamZo
EH$ {Xdg Amncr gwJ§Yr gm_mZmÀ`m {dHo«$Ë`mMr nmoVS>r KoD$Z Vo Kam~mhoa nS>co.
n{hë`màW_ Vo ~S>mXo o g§ñWmZmV Joc.o VoWo Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m nydO© m§À`m dVZmMm
h¸$ gm§JyZ gZX-gaXmaH$s {_imdr `mgmR>r AO© Ho$cm. na§Vw ~S>moXo gaH$maZo "AmVm
Vadma~hmXwarMo {Xdg ZmhrV Voìhm BVa H$mhr H$ma^mar XOm©Mr H$m_{Jar XoD$' Ago
gm§{JVco. Vo ng§V Z nS>ë`mZo Xa~mar emcnmJmoQ>o d amoI nmM hOma én`o Agm gÝ_mZ
KoD$Z Vo ½dmëhoa `oWo Joco. nwT>o O`nya, gmVmam, A¸$cH$moQ> Aem g§ñWmZm§VyZ {\$aV
{\$aV H$ë`mU `oWo Amco. BWo _mÌ Ë`m§À`m BÀN>oà_mUo EH$m Ad{c`mH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zm
IamoIarM {H$_`oMr {dÚm àmá Pmcr.
na_mWm©Mr AmoT>
{H$_`oÀ`m gm_Ï`m©da Ë`m§Zr A\$mQ> g§nÎmr H$_mdcr Am{U Ë`m `moJo n¥ÏdrdaMm
A_yH$ gwImon^moJ ^moJÊ`mMm {e„H$ am{hcm Amho Ago åhUVm Z `oÊ`mgmaIr Ë`m§Mr
n[apñWVr Pmcr. Ë`m§À`m OÝ_OmV ñd^mdmcm AZwgê$Z Ë`m§Zr øm joÌmVXoIrc Eo{hH$
gwIm§Mo gdm}ÀM {eIa nmXmH«$m§V Ho$co. nU H$mhr H$mimZo Ë`mVrchr AmìhmZ g§nwï>mV
Amë`mgmaIo Pmco d emídV gwImMm {dMma H$aÊ`mH$S>o _ZmMr nmdco dicr. Aem
doir Ë`m§Mr EH$m gmYyer JmR> nS>cr. na_mWm©À`m {df`mda lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr
H$mhr n¥ÀN>m H$aVmM ""Vo Vw_Mo H$m_ Zìho, Vwåhr \$º$ Eof H$amdr. na_mW© Vw_Mm àm§V
Zìho !'' Aem A{^àm`mMo CX²Jma Ë`m gmYyZ§ r H$mT>c.o ho CX²Jma lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m
A§V:H$aUmcm MaMê$Z Pm|~co.
Ë`mM jUr _ZmMm {ZûM` Ho$cm H$s, ""na_mWm©VgwÕm gdm}ÀM {eIa JmR>rZ,
VaM Iam !'' à{Vkm Ho$cr Iar, nU eara AmOn`ªV B§{Ð`OÝ` gwImcm cmMmdcoco
hmoV.o Ë`m_wio _ZmMr Agø AmoT>mVmU hmoD$ cmJcr. na§Vw AmVm EH$Xm CMccoco
nmD$c _mJo KoUo Zm_wîH$sMo Ago _mZyZ Ë`m§Zr Amnco AmamÜ` X¡dV lrhZw_V§ mMr {ZH$amZo
CnmgZm gwê$ Ho$cr. hZw_V§ mMo Ü`mZ, nyOm-AMm©, hZw_mZ H$dMmMo nmR> d CnmofUo
Agm H«$_ H$mhr {Xdg Mmcë`mZ§Va ""A¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m Xe©Zmg Omdo''

16 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Agm Ñï>m§V Pmcm. AmZ§{XV hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr EH$X_ A¸$cH$moQ>Mm añVm Yacm.
lr.Aßnmgmho~ eoaImZo `m§À`m Kar Vo CVaco hmoV.o ñdm_r_hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z KS>ë`mIoarO
AÞJ«hU H$am`Mo Zmhr Agm ÑT> {Zü` Ë`m§Zr Ho$cm hmoVm.
lr.Aßnmgmho~ `m§À`m H$mZr hr Jmoï> OmVmM Vo åhUmco, ""Agm hoH$m AmnU
Mmcdy ZH$m. H$maU lrñdm_r _hmamOm§Mo dmñVì` gÜ`m amOdmS>çmV Amho. EH$Xm Vo
VoWo Joco H$s n§Yam n§Yam {Xdg cmoH$m§Zm Ë`m§Mo Xe©Z hmoV Zmhr. Vwåhr CnmofU {H$Vr
{Xdg H$aUma ? Vo Va ZwH$VoM dmS>çmV amhÊ`mg Joco AmhoV.'' lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm
{Zü` AT>i hmoVm. XmoZ {Xdg Ë`m§Zm H$S>H$S>rV CnmofU KS>c.o {Vgè`m {Xder lrñdm_r
g_WmªZr amOdmS>çmV AmaS>mAmoaS>m gwê$ Ho$cm, ""h_maoHy$ ~§XrImZo _| S>mcVm h¢,
cmoJm| H$mo VH$cr\$ hmoVr h¡, Xe©Z ^r Zht {_cVm Ÿ&'' Ago åhUyZ gd© _§S>itZm {eì`m
KmVë`m d Hw$Umcm Z Ow_mZVm amOdmS>çmÀ`m q^Vrdê$Z CS>r _mê$Z ~mhoa Amco.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm ho H$iVmM Vo cmJcrM ñZmZ H$ê$Z ~amo~a nyOmgm{hË`
KoD$Z lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m Xe©Zmcm Joco. nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odVmM, ""H$m`Hy$ nm`m nS>Vm
h¡ ?'' Ago ñdm_tZr {dMmaco. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO åhUmco, ""nm`m _O~yV nm{hOo.''
Voìhm Iw§Q>rda EH$ _¥Jm{OZ hmoVo Ë`mH$S>o ~moQ> XmIdyZ lrñdm_r g_W© åhUmco, ""CYa
XoI, CYa XoIŸ&'' Ë`m§Mm amoI H$emda Amho ho g_Omdo åhUyZ lr~rS>H$a _hmamO
åhUmco, ""AkmZr Amho.'' `mda lrñdm_tÀ`m _wImVyZ Omo H$mhr {eì`m§Mm ^{S>_ma
gwê$ Pmcm H$s ~mOyMr ^º$_§S>ir J^©JirV hmoD$Z lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm ~mOycm ZoD$
cmJcr. na§Vw Vo EoH$o ZmV. eodQ>r {eì`m Wm§~ë`m d lrñdm_r g_W© åhUmco, ""A^r
`hm±go Mco Omd Vwåhmam H$m_ hmo J`m h¡ Ÿ&'' _J Vo {ZKyZ Amco Am{U gai nwÊ`mg
Amnë`m {~èhmS>r Amco. Ë`m jUmnmgyZ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m {MÎmd¥Îmr EH$X_
nmcQ>ë`m Am{U _wImcm ""lrgX²JwéamO _mD$cr, lrgX²JwéamO AmË_mam_'' Agm
N>§X OS>cm. EH$ df© Ago Joë`mZ§Va _mK nm¡{U©_og nwÝhm Vo A¸$cH$moQ>cm Joco. Ë`m
dfu ""Am§~oH$m nmS> cJm h¡, nyam hmo`Jm Vmo H$m_ hmo Om`Jm Ÿ&'' Ago gyMH$ CX²Jma
ñdm_tZr H$mT>co. Ë`mZ§Va EH$ dfm©Zo naV _mK nm¡{U©_ocm A¸$cH$moQ>cm Joco. `m doir
JwénXoe àmá Pmë`m{edm` naV `m`Mo Zmhr Agm {Zü` Ho$cm hmoVm.
lrñdm_r g_WmªMm AZwJh«
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO amÌr lrñdm_r _hmamOm§Mo nmXg§dmhZ H$arV AgVmZm nhmQ>
Pmcr Var Vo nm` MonUo nwao åhUoZmV. BVŠ`mV EH$ ^`§H$a ZmJ lrñdm_tÀ`m JwS>¿`m§_YyZ

lrgX²Jwé am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO / 17

~mhoa nS>cm d lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§da \w$ËH$ma Q>mHy$ cmJcm. nU àmUm§Mr Oamhr ndm©
Z H$aVm Amncr godm Ë`m§Zr MmcyM R>do cr. ho nmhÿZ lrñdm_r _hmamO amJmZo {~N>mÝ`mV
CRy>Z ~gco d ""Vy ~S>m qOX, amjg h¡ Ÿ& qOX, amjg {ZH$c Omd `hm± go Ÿ&'' Ago
åhUyZ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m lr_wImV EH$ gUgUrV WßnS> ^S>H$mdcr. Ë`mgaer
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Xoh^mZ hanyZ Imcr nS>co d {VWë`m {VWo Ë`m§Mr g_mYr cmJcr.
Xwgè`m {Xder Ooìhm Vo ewÕrda Amco Voìhm _Z AdU©Zr` AmZ§XmZo ^ê$Z Joco
hmoV.o lrñdm_tÀ`m Xe©Zmcm Joco AgVmZm ""A~r Š`m Voao ~m~m H$m coZm XoZm h¡ ?
godm ~Zmd Ÿ&'' Ago åhUyZ ghò^moOZ KmcÊ`m{df`r Amkm Pmcr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO
{dd§MZoV nS>co H$maU A¸$cH$moQ>cm `oV AgVm Ë`m§Mo KmoS>o CYiyZ AÎmam§Mr noQ>r
Imcr nSy>Z AmnQ>V Jocr Am{U EHy$U EH$ AÎmamÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m§Mm M¸$mMya Pmcm
hmoVm. Odi n¡go ZmhrV d Y§ÚmÀ`m gm_mZmMr dmQ> cmJcocr. eodQ>r ^moOZmMo {OÞg
CYma KoD$Z d WmoS>o H$Om©D$ n¡go KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr ghg«^moOZ Jwdm©koà_mUo KmVcoM. na§Vw
lrñdm_r g_WmªZr ""~ÀMm, Aã~r {H$Îmr JwéXpÀN>Zm XoJm ? ~hþV XoJm !'' Aer
_mJUr Ho$cr, Ë`mda ""Amkm à_mU'' Ago lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr CÎma {Xco. lrñdm_r
_hmamOm§Zr hmVmda hmV R>do Zy AJmoXa Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z Vgo dMZ KoVco. _J åhUmco,
""Vy Omo OS>r~wQ>rMm AWdm {H$_`oMm CÚmoJ H$aVmog Vmo AmOnmgyZ ~§X H$a'' Aer
JwéX{jUm _m{JVcr. Ë`m_wio g§nÎmrMm dmhVm Pam EH$mEH$s ~§X Pmcm.
S>moŠ`mda ghò^moOZmÀ`m IMm©Mo H$O© hmoVo. na§Vw JwéH¥$noMr n{hcr à{MVr Ë`m§Zm
A¸$cH$moQ>mVM Amcr. A¸$cH$moQ>À`m amOdmS>çmVrc Aï>JY§ g§nco hmoV.o AZm`mgo
JmdmV lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§gmaIm Zm_m§{H$V gwJ§Yr Amcocm Amho, Voìhm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z
Aï>J§Y ~ZdyZ ¿`mdo Agm H$ma^mè`m§Zr amOogmho~m§H$S>o àñVmd _m§S>cm. Vmo Ë`m§Zm
ng§V nSy>Z lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm ~mocmdUo Amco. gd© AÎmamÀ`m Hw$ß`m \w$Qy>Z Oo gd©
C§Mr AÎmam§Mo EH$ AO~ {_lU Pmco hmoVo Ë`mnmgyZ Ë`m§Zr Aï>J§Y V`ma Ho$co d
amOdmS>çmV nmR>{dco. Vo BVHo$ Aà{V_ Pmco hmoVo H$s amOogmho~m§Zr Ë`m§Mo ^anya Xm_
{Xco. Ë`m n¡emVyZ Ë`m§Mo gd© H$O© {\$Qy>Z nwÊ`mg `oB©n`ªV n¡go nwaco.
nwÊ`mV Amë`mda EH$m gX²Jéw ^OZm ì`{V[aº$ BVa gd© Agma dmQy> cmJco. ñZohr
_§S>ir ""^mD$gmho~m§Zm doS> cmJco, H$ê$Z H$ê$Z ^mJco Am{U XodnyOocm cmJco''
Aem eãXm§V AdhocZm H$ê$ cmJco. nU gd© Jmoï>tH$S>o nyU© Xwc©j H$ê$Z Ho$di
gX²>Jéw ^º$s hoM OrdZgd©ñd Vo _mZyZ am{hco. nwT>À`m dfu A¸$cH$moQ>cm Joco AgVm,
""nwÝhm A¸$cH$moQ>cm Z `oVm Z_©Xm àX{jUm H$amdr'' Aer Amkm Pmcr. ho lrñdm_r

18 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_hmamOm§Mo eodQ>Mo Xe©Z R>aco. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO àX{jUoÀ`m _mJm©da AgVmZm
lrñdm_r g_W© g_m{YñW Pmë`mMo H$ico, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm A{Ve` Xw:I Pmco. na§Vw
Ë`m àg§Jr àË`j Xe©Z XoD$Z ""h_ J`m Zhr qOXm h¡ Ÿ&'' `m eãXmV lrñdm_r g_WmªZr
Ë`m§Mo gm§ËdZ Ho$co.
lrñdm_r _hmamOm§À`m àW_ Xe©ZmnmgyZ _mVmolr, ~§Y,y ^{JZr ho g§gmamVrc gd©
nme EH$EH$ H$ê$Z _¥Ë`yZo VmoS>yZ Q>mH$co.
Z_©Xm-àX{jUm
Z_©Xm ZXrÀ`m nmÌm_Yë`m Am|H$ma ~oQ>mnmgyZ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Z_©Xm àX{jUog
àma§^ Ho$cm. A§Jmda EH$ Zogmd`mMm n§Mm, EH$ nm§Kamd`mg n§Mm `m ì`{V[aº$ gwVirMm
VmoS>mhr Z KoVm, AZdmUr nmdcm§Zr `mÌocm àma§^ Ho$cm. H$moUmOdi `mMZm H$am`Mr
Zmhr. H$moUr AmnUhÿZ H$mhr AÞ {Xco Va Im`Mo, ZmhrVa nmUr {nD$Z amhm`Mo,
dmQ>c
o Voìhm, dmQ>c o {VVHo$ Mmcm`Mo, PmS>mImcr Ü`mZ H$arV nSy>Z amhm`Mo Am{U
hþemar dmQ>VmM nwÝhm Mmcm`cm gwédmV H$am`Mr Agm {Z`_ Ho$cm.
lr_hmamOm§Zr `m CnH«$_mV Amnë`m gX²>Jéw {Zð>M o r, emar[aH$ H$ï> ghZ H$aÊ`mMr
haàH$mao H$gmoQ>r KoVcr d Ë`m Ë`m H$gmoQ>çm§Zm AmnU Iao CVaVmo H$s Zmhr `mMm
AZw^d KoVcm. \$ÎmaJra~wdm, gmZoñdm_r Aem AZoH$ Jmogmdr _h§Vm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mr
`mo½`Vm Z AmoiIVm Ë`m§Zm H$ï> {Xco. Vo gd© ghZ H$ê$Z I§~ranUo lr_hmamO nwT>o OmV
am{hco. Ë`m§À`mgma»`m AZoH$m§Mo Jd©haU lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m gX²>Jéw {Zð>Ào `m
Am[U AmË_{Zð>Ào `m ~imda Ho$co. OoWo nmD$c Q>mH$md`mg Hw$Ur YOV Zmhr, Aem
qhò œmnXm§Zr JO~Ocoë`m {ÌeycnmUrÀ`m PmS>rVyZ Ë`m§Zr àdmg Ho$cm, _JarÀ`m
g§Mmam_wio Idicoë`m drg-n§Mdrg \y$Q> Imoc S>mho mV CS>çm KoVë`m. AÞnmÊ`m{dZm,
YmaXma XJS>mZ§ r aº$~§~mi Pmcoë`m AZdmUr nmdcm§Zr, ^modi AmUUmè`m àIa
CÝhmVyZ nm`nrQ> Ho$cr. Z_©Xm_mVoZo àH$Q> hmoD$Z A_¥VmgmaIo XyY XoD$Z Ë`m§Mm l_n[ahma
Ho$cm. EH$m _hmZ, nwamVZ `mo{JamOm§Zr AX²^Vw H§$X XoD$Z jwYm ^mJ{dcr. Jm§OHo $g
Jmogmì`m§À`m Q>mi o rZo gÎdnarjm KoVmM lr_hmamOm§Zr [aH$må`m Vw㧠`mVyZ Jm§Om {Z_m©U
H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mo S>mi
o o {Xn{dco. gÎdnarjm nmhÊ`mÀ`m hoVZy o Odi Amcoë`m _mohH$ VéUrcm
"ho _mVo' Ago g§~moYZy {dH$mam§darc nyU© {dO` {gÕ Ho$cm Am{U Z_©Xm_mVoZo KoVcoë`m
`m JyiImo~è`mÀ`m H$gmoQ>rda Vo Iao R>aco. ^m{dH$ doS>çm M§ÐeoIamcm S>mho mV CS>r
_mê$Z _yR>^a M§ÐeoIa ~mU H$mTy>Z {Xco. OmZH$sXmgmÀ`m AmodarV nmM \$S>çmÀ`m

lrgX²Jéw am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO / 19

ZmJmZo nm`mcm {diIm KmVcm AgVm Z S>J_JVm Ë`mcm naV{dco.
Aa~r gwag H$Wm§hZÿ hr AX²^Vw aå` Aem àg§Jm§Zr ^acoë`m Z_©Xm àX{jUoÀ`m
nyVV© Zo V§ a lr~rS>H$a _hmamO nwÝhm nwÊ`mV naV `oD$Z H$g~m noR>Vo ë`m Amnë`m ñdV:À`m
KamV amhÿ cmJco.
nwÊ`mVrc dmñVì` Am{U à{gÕr
nydm©nma lr_§VrV dmdacoë`m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm Ho$di XohàmaãYmda H$mi
H§$R>VmZm AIoa H$O©~mOmar hmoÊ`mMr nmir Amcr. KamV X¡Z{§ XZ IM© nyduà_mUoM
Mmccm hmoVm Vmon`ªV H$mhr df} Amáoï> Ë`m§Zm gmW H$arV hmoVo. Z§Va Vohr gmoSy>Z Joco.
Ë`m§À`m CXmgrZ d¥ÎmrMm J¡a\$m`Xm KoD$Z KamVrc _m¡ë`dmZ dñVy cmoH$m§Zr c§nmg
Ho$ë`m. AIoa {Zénm` hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zr ñdV:Mo amhVo Ka {dH$co d F$UH$m|Mo n¡go MwH$Vo
Ho$co. Ë`m§Mr Y_©nËZr gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© D$\©$ lrAmB©gmho~ `mgwÕm EH§$Xa n[apñWVrZo
C{Û¾ hmoD$Z Joë`m. Á`m nwUo ehamV EHo$ H$mir ^mD$gmho~ gam\$ dm gwJ§Yr åhUyZ
Ë`m§Mm cm¡{H$H$ hmoVm Ë`mM nwUo ehamV lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm cmoH$ ^«{_ï>, _mWo{\$ê$
åhUyZ g§~moYy cmJco. lr_hmamOm§Zr XoIrc cmoH$m§Mm hm ^«_ Xya H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm
Zmhr.
na§Vw Ago Agco Var Ë`m§À`m Amerdm©Xna eãXm§Zr H$moUmMr AS>cc o r H$m_o ìhmdrV,
Va H$moUr \${OVr H$aÊ`mÀ`m, Q>dmir H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Amcm AgVm Ë`mModaM
\$OrV nmdÊ`mMr nmir `mdr, Aem {d{dY àg§Jm§VyZ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm
Aënà_mUmda H$m hmoBZ© m, nU à{gÕr d _mÝ`Vm {_iÊ`mg gwédmV Pmcr.
lr_hmamOm§Zr Hw$Qw>§~mg_doV H$mer `mÌm H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dco. dmQ>oV Zm{eH$ `oWo
_w¸$m_mg AgVmZm EH$m ^m{Q>`mcm gQ²>Q>çm_Ü`o _moR>o ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Aer qMVm cmJcr
hmoVr åhUyZ Vmo lr_hmamOm§À`m nm`mer Amcm. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Amnco
Acm¡{H$H$Ëd PmHy$Z R>do Ê`mgmR>r Ë`mcm, ""_Zwî`mMr àmW©Zm H$aÊ`mnojm à^ycm AZÝ`
^mdmZo eaU Omdo'' Agm CnXoe Ho$cm. `mda Vmo ""AmnUM _mPo Xod AmhmV'' Ago
CÎmacm. Voìhm, ""Oa ÑT> lÕm Agoc Va {^Ê`mMo H$maU Zmhr'' Ago lr_hmamOm§Zr
Ë`mcm AmœmgZ {Xco. Vmo ^m{Q>`m ñdñW am{hcm. {Vgao {Xder Ë`mÀ`m _wZr_mMr Vma
Amcr H$s VmoQ>m Z hmoVm CcQ> Xhm hOma én`o Z\$mM Pmcm Amho. H$merg Á`m
ZmJnyaH$am§À`m am_ _§{XamV Vo CVaco hmoVo VoWo lr_hmamOm§Zr nm` R>do ë`mnmgyZ Z¡dÚo m§Mr
g§»`m Am{U XodmÀ`m CËnÞmV EH$X_ dmT> Pmcr. Ë`m§À`m A`m{MV d¥ÎmrMm AM§~m

20 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

dmQy>Z cmoH$ am_m~amo~a Ë`m§À`mgmR>rhr Z¡dÚ
o mMr VmQ>o KoD$Z `oD$ cmJco.
Ë`mM doir Hw$§ ^_où`mÀ`m nd©Ur{Z{_Îm Vo à`mJcm Joc.o VoWo öfrHo$eÀ`m AaÊ`mV
Vnü`m© H$aUmao EH$ _hmZ {gÕ nwéf Amco hmoV.o BVa gmYy ~¡amJr d cmoH$ Ë`m§Zm
gmjmV Za-Zmam`Umà_mUo _mZ XoV hmoV.o lr_hmamOm§Zm BÀN>m Pmcr H$s `m§Mr ^oQ>
KSy>Z `mdr nU `m JXuV ho H$go O_mdo, Agm {dMma H$ê$Z Vo Amnë`m OmJrM ñdñW
~gyZ am{hco. BVŠ`mV nmM {_{ZQ>mÀ§ `m AmV Vo {gÕ nwéf ñdV: JXuVyZ dmQ> H$mT>rV
Ë`m§À`mOdi `oD$Z C^o am{hco d ""Mcmo ^mB© h_mao gmW'' Ago åhUyZ lr_hmamOm§Mm
hmV Yê$Z Amnë`m g_doV KoD$Z {ZKmco. VmËn`© kmZr nwéfm§Zr lr_hmamOm§Mo _mhmËå`
OmUcoco hmoV.o
H$merg naV Amë`mZ§Va Vo OoWo CVaco hmoVo VoWë`m EH$m ~«m÷Umcm ñdßZmV
lr{dœoœamZo Xe©Z XoD$Z _r Vw_À`m _mS>rda amhmV AgyZ Ë`m§Zm {edm_yR> dm{hcr
AgVm Vr _cm nmdoc Agm Ñï>mV§ {Xcm.
H$mer`mÌohZÿ naV nwÊ`mcm Amë`mZ§Va g§gmamVrc Eo{hH$ Jmoï>tMm C~J `oD$Z
åhUm qH$dm VrW©joÌo nmhmÊ`mÀ`m BÀN>oZo åhUm, Vo Xohÿ, Ami§Xr, {M§MdS> Aem
EH$Q>çmZoM `mÌm H$ê$Z Amco. `m VrZhr {R>H$mUr X¡dVm§Zr Ë`m§Mo ñdmJV H$ê$Z
AÜ`mË_mVrc Ë`m§À`m `mo½`VoMr nmoMnmdVr {Xcr.
{XZH«$_ d {eî`m§Mo à~moYZ
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm nwÊ`mVrc {XZH«$_ hm Ho$di `ÑÀN>Zo o MmcV Ago. ~møV:
Oar Vo {ZîH«$s` ^mgV AgV Var Ë`m§Mo gdmªÀ`m dmJUwH$sH$S>,o ì`dhmamH$S>o ~maH$mB©Zo
cj Ago. Ë`m§Mr ñ_aUeº$s d H$m`m©~m~V XjVm `mcm VmoS> gmnS>Uo AeŠ` hmoV.o
KamV dfm©VZy ghm-gmV _moR>o CËgd d Hw$iY_©-Hw$imMma hmoV AgV. `mn¡H$s H$mhr
ZgVmZmXoIrc amoOMo gw_mao drg nmZ ìhm`MoM.
{OZgm§Mr IaoXr ~hþYm amoOÀ`m amoO qH$dm EH$ {XdgmAmS>, ^º$_§S>itn¡H$s Hw$UrVar
H$arV Ago. ~mOmahmQ> H$aVmZm Ë`mV jw„H$ MyH$ Oar AmT>icr Var Ë`m _mUgmMr
H$S>H$ hOoar KoUo hm amoOMmM àg§J Ago. `m ì`{V[aº$ gwÕm BVa H$moR>ë`mhr H$maUmdê$Z
Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm Vo AZoH$ doim AJXr aS>H$§w S>rcm AmUrV. {deofV: Vmo Bg_ Oa
Ah§H$ma ~miJyZ godm H$arV Agoc Va Ë`mcm Aem àH$maÀ`m ga~Îmrcm Zoh_rM
gm_moao Omdo cmJo. `m _mJo hoVy Agm Ago H$s Amnë`m ^º$m§Zr Ah§H$maa{hV ìhmdo,
ì`mdhm[aH$ XjVm, àn§MmVrc ZrQ>ZQo >H$o nUm `m Jmoï>r Ë`m§À`m A§JmV ~mUmì`mV Am{U

lrgX²Jwé am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO / 21

_J VrM XjVm na_mWm©H$S>o di{dcr åhUOo H$m`©^mJ gmYcm Omdm. Hw$R>ë`mhr Jmoï>rV,
_J Vr {H$Vrhr jw„H$ H$m AgoZm nU Ë`mV Xwcj © , ~ogmdY{Jar, Amig, gwñVnUm
OamXoIrc Ho$cocm Ë`m§Zm InV Zgo. ""Vwåhr ì`dhmamV XwpíMÎmnUo dmJVm åhUyZ
na_mWm©V Vw_Mr àJVr hmoV Zmhr'' Ago Ë`m§Mo Zoh_r CX²>Jma AgV. Vo åhUV ""Vwåhr
_mPm Aml` Ho$cm AmhmV åhUyZ _r Vwåhmcm ~mocVmo, Vwåhr àË`oH$ Jmoï>rV dmH$~Jma
ìhmdo, Vw_Mr ~wÕr Hw$emJ« ìhmdr, Agm _mPm à`ËZ AgVmo. Omo _mÂ`mH$S>o `oV Zmhr
Ë`mÀ`m{df`r _mÂ`m Vm|S>mVyZ H$Yr ~am-dmB©Q> eãX {ZKV Zmhr.''
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo Amnë`m ^º$m§da, _mVoMo _wcmda Agmdo Vgo ào_ hmoV.o amÌr
gd© {ZOmZrO >Pmcr H$s EH$ \o$ar _mê$Z Hw$Umcm nm§Kê$U dJ¡ao Zgco Va ñdV:À`m
A§WéUmVrc emcOmoS>çmgwÕm Ë`m§Zm nm§Kam`cm XoV AgV. `m Ë`m§À`m A§VarÀ`m
ào_mÀ`m Pè`mÀ`m erVcnUm_wi,o àg§Jr Ë`m§Mo ^mOyZ H$mT>Umao àIa dm½~mU, ^º$m§Zm
ghZ H$aUo eŠ` hmoV Ago. BVHo$M Zìho Va Ë`m H$S>H$ hOoarMo H$mhr H$mimZ§Va ñ_aU
Pmco AgVm, Ë`m_mJo XS>cëo `m CËH$Q> ào_mÀ`m Xe©ZmZo ^md XmQy>Z ZoÌ ^ê$Z `oV
AgV.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `m§Mo à{eî` lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m§Mo {R>H$mUr XoIrc
AgmM ào_^md hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m {eî`m§Zm, ^º$m§Zm, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m `m _mV¥dV²
H$R>mao nUm d dmËgë` `m§À`m {_lUmMm, lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§_Ü`o hþ~ho ~ÿ
Am{dîH$ma AZw^dm`cm {_iV Ago.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo ~mocÊ`mV AZoH$dma Ago `oV Ago H$s, ""Am_Mm CnXoe
doS> cmdyZ KoÊ`mMm Amho nU doS>m hmoÊ`mcm AmO H$moUrhr V`ma Zmhr.'' lr~m~m§Zr
_mÌ EH$Xm CnXoe Pmë`mZ§Va ñdê$nmÀ`m {R>H$mUr {MÎm H|${ÐV Ho$co. Vo nwÝhm Xohmda
åhUyZ H$Yr Amco ZmhrV. AWm©V OJmÀ`m Ñï>rZo _mÌ Vo doS>o R>aco.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO _R>mV AZoH$dma H$gë`m Zm H$gë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo AÞg§Vn©U
{deofV: ~«m÷U^moOZ, nd_mZ, éÐm{^foH$ Aem àH$maMr d¡{XH$ na§namàmá AZwð>mZo
H$arV AgV. {H$Ë`oH$ VWmH${WV ~w{ÕdmXr, Aem àH$mao Ðì` IM© H$aÊ`mnojm
J[a~m§gmR>r Mmc{dÊ`mV `oUmè`m _mo\$V é½Umc`o dJ¡aZ| m XoU½`m XoD$Z nwÊ` H$m OmoS>rV
Zmhr, Agm àý H$arV. Ë`mda lr_hmamOm§Mo CÎma gImoc {dMma H$aÊ`mg ^mJ nmS>Umao
Ago. Vo åhUV, ""Oo doX Am{U Or emóo AmO OJmcm _mJ©Xe©H$ Pmcr AmhoV Vmo doX,
gVV nR>U H$aUmao, Á`m§Zr d¡{XH$ H$mcmnmgyZ {^jmd¥Îmr YmaU H$ê$Z, Amnco doX d
Amncr emóo `m§Mo AÜ``Z H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm ^mdr {nT>çm§gmR>r {Od§V amIco Am{U Amncr

22 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Am`© g§ñH¥$Vr hOmamo df} H$m`_ R>do cr Vo ~«m÷U, Oo Amnë`m g§`V Am{U gmpÎdH$
amhmUrZo BVa Ordm§Zm Amncm CngJ© nmohmoMy Z`o åhUyZ I~aXma AgVmV, Vo ~«m÷U
Oa ajU H$aÊ`mg, g§JmonZ H$aÊ`mg Vwåhm§g AnmÌ dmQ>V AgVrc Va _mÂ`m EH$mM
àýmMo Vwåhr CÎma Úm ! Á`mZo H$m_dmgZm V¥á H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñd¡a dV©ZmZo dmJVm `mdo
åhUyZ Y_© Jw§S>miyZ R>odcm Amho, naå`mgma»`m gm§g{J©H$ amoJm§Mm \¡$cmd KS>dyZ
g_mOmMm, XoemMm Zme KS>dZy AmUÊ`mg H$maUr^yV Pmcm Amho Agm Bg_, Xwì`©gZr
{ó`m, IwZr, XamoS>Io moa, ImQ>rH$ dm BVa AZrVrZo dmJUmè`m, g_mOmVrc hm{ZH$maH$
KQ>H$m§Zm OoWo Aml` Am{U _mo\$V Am¡fYmonMma {Xcm OmVmo Am{U Ë`m§Zm g_mOmMr
AmUIr hmZr H$aÊ`mg nwÝhm eº$s d Amamo½` àmá H$ê$Z {Xco OmVo, Vr AmOH$mcMr
Y_m©W© é½Umc`o Mmc{dUo dm Ë`m§Zm XoU½`m XoUo åhUOo IamoIaM n¡emMm CÎm_ {d{Z`moJ
Amho Ago Amnë`mcm dmQ>Vo H$m ? `mMm àý {dMmaUmè`m§Zr gdªH$f {dMma H$amdm
åhUOo Y_m©Mo ahñ` H$go Imoc Am{U JhZ Amho `mMr g_OyV nQ>c o .''
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo ^º$m§er Hw$R>ë`mhr {df`m§dê$Z dmX MmcV AgV. AZoH$
doim Vo _wÔm_ CcQ> AWm©Mo {dYmZ H$ê$Z BVam§Zm dmXmgmR>r àd¥Îm H$arV Am{U _J
darc CXmhaUmà_mUo Ë`m§Mo à~moYZ KS>dZy AmUrV AgV. ""Amnë`m Y_m©Mo ahñ`,
Amnco Ym{_©H$ VgoM O`§Ë`m-nwÊ`{VÏ`mXr CËgd `m§{df`r EImXm naXoer Jmoam Bg_
dm Jmoar ~mB© Ooìhm Vwåhm§cm CnXoe H$ê$ cmJob, VoìhmM Vw_Mr Y_m©{df`rMr g_OyV
nQ>oc.'' gw_mao e§^a dfmªnyduÀ`m Ë`m§À`m `m CX²>Jmam§V {H$Vr Ðï>onUm {XgyZ `oVmo nmhm.
EH$Xm EH$m ^º$mZo àý CnpñWV Ho$cm H$s, ""gmYwg§V ñdmV§Í`àmárgmR>r gmhmæ`
H$arV ZmhrV _J Xoemcm ñdmV§Í` {_iUma Var H$go Am{U Ho$ìhm ?'' `mda lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO BVHo$M åhUmco, ""ho B§p½ce cmoH$ \$Q>mH$s (Vmo\$m-~§XHw $m) Z dmOVmM qhXwñWmZ
gmoS>yZ OmVrc hrM Am_Mr _XV g_Om !'' Aqhgm Am{U gË`mJ«hmÀ`m amOH$maUmMm
CX` hmoÊ`mnyduÀ`m H$mimVrc, ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo CX²>Jma AmhoV hr Jmoï> BWo
Ü`mZmV R>do cr nm{hOo. nmaV§Í`mMm ~mD$ H$ê$Z ñdmV§Í`àmárÀ`m à`ËZm§nTw >o Y_©ajUmÀ`m
H$m`m©cm Jm¡U qH$dm H$_r coIUmè`m _§S>itZm g_OmdVmZm Vo åhUV, ""B§JO « ZoD$Z
ZoD$Z Am_Mo H$m` ZoUma ? n¡gm AS>H$m, gmoZoZmUo, OS>Odmhra, g§nÎmr hoM Zm ? nU
`m gd© Zœa Jmoï>r AmhoV. {edm` Ë`m AmO Joë`m Va nwÝhm Amnë`m ~imda CÚm naV
AmUVm `oVrc. na§Vw Amnco Oo ~cñWmZ åhUOo Am_Mr XmZV, Amncr Am`© g§ñH¥$Vr,
VrM Oa Jocr dm ^«ï> Pmcr Va Vr nwÝhm àmá hmoUo AeŠ` Amho.''
`mdaVr Xwgè`m ^º$mZo Aer e§H$m H$mT>cr H$s, ""AmnU åhUVm AZm{XH$mcmnmgyZ

lrgX²Jwé am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO / 23

Y_m©cmM _hÎd Amho, nU AmO nmhmdo Va AZrVrZo, AY_m©Zo d AgË`mZo dmJUmao
cmoH$M g_mOmV ^a^amQ>rg nmdcoco Ñï>rg nS>VmV. _J Vwåhr åhUVm Vr XmZV nwÝhm
H$er `oUma Am{U qhXyM § o ho Zï>M`© Var H$Yr g§nUma?'' Voìhm lr~rS>H$a _hmamO
åhUmco, ""EH$ Jmoï> {dgê$ ZH$m, Y_m©{déÕ AgUmè`m H$moUË`mhr Jmoï>rg B©œamMm
nmqR>~m ZgVmo Am{U B©œamMm nmqR>~m Zgoc Va H$moUË`mhr H$m`m©V {gÕr (`e) àmá
hmoV Zmhr Am{U g_Om {MH$mQ>rÀ`m à`ËZmZo, AÅ>mhmgmZo Vr àmá H$ê$Z KoVcrM Va
{VMo n[aUm_ gwImdh hmoV ZgVmV.'' lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo ho eãX, Agwam§Zr Kmoa
Vnü`m© H$ê$Z {_i{dcoco da qH$dm gm_Ï`©, n[aUm_r Ë`m§À`m {dZmemcmM H$go
H$maUr^yV R>aco `m Jmoï>rMo AMyH$ ñnï>rH$aU XoVmV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO nwT>o åhUmco,
""åhUyZ Y_m©cm H$Xm{n gmoS>y ZH$m. g§V-gËnwéf Vw_À`m Ñï>rcm Oar {ZpîH«$` ^mgco
Var AÑî` g¥ï>rVyZ Ë`m§Mo {dœH$ë`mUmgmR>r gVV à`ËZ gwê$ AgVmV, ho gX¡d Ü`mZmV
R>do m. ñdmV§Í` H$m`, AmO Zm CÚm {_iocM. na§Vw Vo àmá Pmë`mZ§Va Oa Amnë`m
gZmVZ d¡{XH$ Am`© Y_m©Mo nwZé‚mrdZ AmnU H$ê$ eH$cmo Zmhr, Va gd© cmoH$ A{Vd¥ï>r,
XwîH$mi, amoJm§À`m gmWr, ^yH$§ n, Ádmcm_wIr, dmXio, _hmnya Aem g§H$Q>mZ§ r ÌñV
hmoVrc. AÞmÞXem n«má hmoD$Z OJUo AeŠ` hmoD$Z OmB©c. _J Aem doir AIoaMm
Cnm` åhUyZ cmoH$ Ooìhm nwÝhm Y_m©H$S>M o diVrc Voìhm _J Amåhr åhUVmo Vr "XmZV'
{Z_m©U hmoD$Z cmoH$m§Mo Zï>M`© g§nîw Q>mV `oBc
© . Am{U Ooìhm `m qhXwñWmZmV Y_m©Mm
CËH$f© hmoBc
© , Voìhm VoM cmoH$ gd© OJmMo Jwê$ hmoÊ`mg g_W© hmoVrc. Amåhm gmYwgV§ m§Mo
~«rXM _wir ""Y_© Ed hVmo hpÝV Ÿ& Y_m} aj{V a{jV: &'' ho Amho, `m {gÕm§Vmcm Oo
Yê$Z amhVrc Ë`m§Mo ajU Amåhr H$aUmaM! Voìhm à{VHy$c n[apñWVrVgwÕm AY_© d
AgË` `m§À`m CËH$fm©Zo ^wcZy OmD$ ZH$m. Y_m©MaUmMm H$Xm{n Ë`mJ H$ê$ ZH$m Am{U
na_oœamMo {dñ_aU hmoD$ XoD$ ZH$m.''
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO ho Iè`m AWm©Zo XmVo hmoV,o na_mWm©Vrc XmVo hmoV.o XmVm hm
Á`mà_mUo `mMZm H$aUmè`mcm {Vð>V R>do rV Zmhr, Ë`mà_mUo Omo Omo åhUyZ Ë`m§À`mH$S>o
Anojm R>do Zy Amcm, Ë`mÀ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr na_mWm©Mo ^m§S>ma Iwco R>do co hmoV.o CUrd \$º$
`mo½`, A{YH$mar _Zwî`mMrM hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m AnojZo êw $n Aer `mo½`Vm Agcoë`m XmoZM
ì`º$s Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>ë`m. Ë`mn¡H$s n{hcr ì`º$s EH$ H$ZmoOr ~«m÷U ór hmoVr. hr Z_©Xm-
àX{jUoÀ`m _mJm©da _hoœa `m Jmdr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>cr hmoVr. gw_mao XmoZ
Vnm§À`m H$R>mao Vnü`}ZV§ a {Vcm lre§H$am§Zr ñdßZmV lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m ê$nmV
Xe©Z XoD$Z gm§{JVco H$s, ""Á`mÀ`mH$[aVm Vy AmOn`ªV BVH$m Xoh {POdcmg, Ë`mMr

24 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

\$càmár _r CÚm XmoZ àhar A_yH$ A_wH$ Y_©emioV CVaUma Amho, VoWo _mPo Xe©Z
KoVë`mda hmoBc © .'' Ñï>mV§ mà_mUo Vr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joë`mda Ë`m§Zr
{VÀ`mda nyU© H¥$nm H$ê$Z {Vcm na_moÀM nXmg nmohmoM{dco. AerM lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Zm ^oQ>cocr Xwgar ì`º$s åhUOo lr~m~m _hmamO D$\©$ lramdgmho~ ghò~wÕo.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr gZ 1911 _Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m _ñVH$mda Amncm {gÕhñV RoD$Z
nyU© H¥$nm Ho$cr. Ë`m§Zm VmËH$mi "AmnUm gm[aIo' H$ê$Z R>odco. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr
_ñVH$mda hmV R>do Zy JwénXoe Ho$ë`mMo ho EH$_od CXmhaU kmV Amho. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO
""amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm Amho'' Aem eãXmV lr~m~m§Mm C„oI H$arV AgV.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm ñdê$n g§àXm`mÀ`m àgmamMr Amkm H$aVmM lrñdm_r g_W©
åhUmco hmoVo, ""amå`m, ^yH$ cmJë`mIoarO Oody KmVco AgVm MrO hmoUma Zmhr,
AÞmMm {MdS>m hmoB©c !'' `mda lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr {Xcoco CÎmaM Ë`m§Mm
ñd^md{deof Xe©{dVo. Vo åhUmco, ""^wHo$coë`mcm H$moUrhr XoB©c !''
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr OJmMm Hw$R>cmhr ~am-dmB©Q> AZw^d KoVcm Zmhr Ago
Zmhr. EImXr Jmoï> H$R>rU Amho dm AeŠ` Amho Ago Hw$Ur åhUVmM VrM H$aÊ`mMm
AÅ>mhmg Ë`m§Zr AZoH$dma H$ê$Z nm{hcm, Ë`mgmR>r Ord OmVmo H$s amhmVmo Aem H$moQ>rVrc
XohH$ï> gmogco. aº$ JmoR>{dUmè`m W§S>rV CKS>çm A§JmZo amÌr H$mT>ë`m, dmid§Q>mVrc
Vmncoë`m, cmøm \w$c{dUmè`m dmiyV ^aXwnmar, M§S>^mñH$amMm Vmn Poccm, Á`m
earamZo nydm©`wî`mV `j{H$Þam§à_mUo An[a{_V ^moJ ^moJco Ë`mM earamMr aJ
{Oa{dÊ`mV, _ZmMr ImoS> _moS>Ê`mV Ë`m§Zr `pËH¨${MVXoIrc H$ga ~mH$s R>do cr Zmhr.
Aem arVrZo eodQ>r na_mWm©À`m AË`wÀM {eIamda Amê$T> hmoD$Z Cn{ZfXm§V dU©Z
Ho$cocm ~«÷mZ§X ñdmYrZ H$ê$Z KoVcm. BVHo$M Zìho Va Ë`mMr àmár Pmë`mZ§Va nwÝhm
ñdV:cm XohàmaãYmda gmoSy>Z XoD$Z ñdV:H$S>o AH$V}nUm KoD$Z am{hco.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo Hw$Qw>§~ - lrAmB©gmho~
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr _§S>ir gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© VWm lrAmB©gmho~ `m§Mm ñd^md
AË`§V {ZîH$nQ> d _m`miy hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§Mm H$S>H$ ñd^md d H$R>moa ^mfU Ë`m§Zm
éMV Zgo. Ë`m H$Yrhr {ZéÚmoJr ~gV ZgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m ^º$m§da Ë`m
_mVoà_mUo ào_ H$arV. Ë`m§Mr lÕm {dR>mo~m-aIw_mB©da hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m_mJo lr
{dÇ>caIw_mB©Mo A{Yð>mZ hmoV.o `mMm AZw^d AZoH$ àg§Jr Amcm.
EH$Xm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm N>iÊ`mgmR>r nwÊ`mVrc H$mhr Adm©À` VéUm§Mo EH$

lrgX²Jwé am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO / 25

Q>mi
o Ho$ KamV {eaco. Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Hw$pËgV àý {dMmê$Z qQ>Jc-Q>dmir H$ê$Z
KamV h¡Xmog KmVcm. XodmnwT>Mr g_B© {dPdcr. Agm dmømVnUm H$ê$Z Vo gd©OU
MmcVo Pmco. lr_hmamO A{dMc hmoVo na§Vw lrAmB©gmho~m§Mm gm{ÎdH$ g§Vmn AZmda
hmoD$Z Ë`m åhUmë`m, ""_mÂ`m KamVrc XodmnwT>Mr g_B© `m Q>maJQ>mZ§ r {dPdcr Zmhr
H$m ? nU _mPm nm§Sw>a§J Ë`m§Zm nmhÿZ KoB©c ~Km !'' `mMr à{MVr nwT>o Aer Amcr H$s
Ë`m gd© dmømV VéUm§Mr ßcoJÀ`m gmWrÀ`m doir, H«$m§{VH$maH$m§À`m JQ>mV gm_rc
Agë`mÀ`m g§e`mdê$Z nmocrg Mm¡H$erV gmnSy>Z dmVmhmV Pmcr.
_R>mV hmoUmao CËgd lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm EImÚm c¾g_ma§^mà_mUo dmQ>V AgV.
_moR>çm CËgmhmZo gd© O~m~Xmar Amnë`m {eamda KoD$Z Ë`m n[al_ H$arV AgV.
eodQ> eodQ> ßcoJ d {df_Ádamgma»`m XwIÊ`m§Zr Ë`m§Mo eara H$_Hw$dV H$ê$Z gmoS>co
hmoV.o EH$ {Xdg AmfmT>r EH$mXercm Ë`m Ami§Xrcm lr kmZoœa _hmamOm§À`m g_mYrÀ`m
Xe©Zmcm OmD$Z Amë`m. Ë`mZ§Va W§S>rdmè`mÀ`m VmnmMo {Z{_Îm hmoD$Z, Ad¿`m Xhm
{Xdgm§V {df_ÁdamZoM lmdU ewÕ fð>r eH$ 1833, gmo_dmar gm`§H$mir Ë`m
d¡Hw§$R>dmgr Pmë`m. Ë`m§Mo Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ g§ñH$ma Ë`m§À`m nwÌmg_mZ Agcoë`m lr
AÊUm_hmamO ~hþVc w o `m lr_hmamOm§À`m {eî`mH$Sy>Z H$aÊ`mV Amco.
lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m {Z`m©Um_wio lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m d¥ÎmrV H$mhr EH$ ~Xc
Pmcm Zmhr. Ho$ìhmHo$ìhm Ë`m§À`m ~mocÊ`mV ""Am_Mmhr AmVm Zo_ Zmhr'' Aem AWm©Mo
CX²Jma `oD$Z OmV AgV. na§Vw Ë`mMm H$moUrhr J§^ranUo {dMma Ho$cm Zmhr. _Ü`oM
Ho$ìhmVar Vo ""Vwåhr gd©OU `oWyZ Om. _mPo XohàmaãY _r nmhrZ'' Ago gwÕm åhUV.
_wImZo gVV CnXoe Mmcy Ago, ""Vwåhr dm`m OmUma Zmhr. eoU nS>co Amho Vo Ho$ìhm
Zm Ho$ìhm Var _mVr KoD$Z CR>ë`mIoarO amhmUma Zmhr. {Zü`mZo, ào_mZo d gmdYmZVoZo
gd© H$mhr nyUË© dmg nmdoc. {dœmg R>do Zy gVV {ZacgVoZo Aä`mg H$amdm.'' Aer
Ë`m§Mr gdmªZm {eH$dU Ago.
{ZOmZ§XJ_Z
gZ 1913 À`m Xmg Zd_rcm (_mK dÚ Zd_r) Ë`m§Zr AhmoamÌ OmJaU Ho$co.
{eî`m§Zm amÌ^a CnXoena Jmoï>r gm§JUo Mmcco hmoVo. Xwgè`m {XdgmnmgyZ Ë`m§Zm Vmn
`oD$ cmJcm. Ë`mZ§Va gVV A§WéUmda nSy>Z amhUo KSy> cmJco. Ë`m§Mo nyduMo _yiì`mYrMo
XwIUo BVa H$gcmhr AmOma hmoVmM AJXr {dH$monmcm OmB©. aº$ nS>V Ago. JwXÛma
earam~mhoa `oD$Z Agø n[apñWVr hmoV Ago.

26 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 Vo _yiì`mYrMo XwIUo Ë`m§Zr Xwgè`mMo KoVcoco hmoVo. ^S>moM `oWo Z_©Xm n[aH«$_oÀ`m
_mJm©da Ë`m§Zm EH$ ~«m÷U ^oQ>cm. _yiì`mYrÀ`m XwIÊ`mZo Ord ZH$mogm hmoD$Z Vmo
AmË_hË`ocm àd¥Îm Pmcm hmoVm. Vmo AZÝ`^mdmZo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm eaU Amcm.
Voìhm Ë`mMr X`m `oD$Z, Ë`mcm Ë`m ì`mYrnmgyZ _wº$ H$aÊ`mMo lr_hmamOm§Zr R>a{dco.
na§Vw `mH$[aVm Amnë`m X¡dr gm_Ï`m©Mm Cn`moJ H$aUo AZw{MV _mZyZ, Ë`mMo XwIUo
ñdV: ^moJZy Ë`mcm _wº$ H$amdo Agm {Zü` lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Ho$cm. Vmo ~«m÷U
Amamo½`g§nÞ Pmcm Iam na§Vw lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm _mÌ `m XwIÊ`mZo An[a{_V `mVZm
gmogmì`m cmJë`m. ""Xoh H$ï>{dVr CnH$mao'' ho g§VcjU Ë`m§Zr eãXe: Iao H$ê$Z
XmI{dco.
a§J n§M_rÀ`m {Xder lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr eodQ>Mo AÞJ«hU Ho$co. Ë`m
{XdgmnmgyZ Vo \$º$ XwYmda amhÿ cmJco. Xoh R>do Ê`mÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder cKdrMm
Ìmg gwê$ Pmcm, _wImZo ""A§~o A§~,o gX²>Jéw gX²Jéw '' Agm CÀMma Mmccm hmoVm.
Xwgè`m {Xderhr VerM n[apñWVr hmoVr. gH$mir 11 dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg Ñï>r
^«yHw${Q>_Ü`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr pñWa Ho$cr, Vr nwÝhm T>icr Zmhr. gd© _§S>ir§Zm, ~mhoaJmdr
amhmUmè`m {eî`m§Zm Vmam Ho$ë`m. Xwnmar 12 dmOÊ`mÀ`m Amgnmg lrgX²>Jwé am_mZ§X
~rS>H$a _hmamO {ZOmZ§Xr _¾ Pmco. \$mëJwZ dÚ Xe_r eH$ 1834; _§Jidma, {X.
1 E{àc 1913 hm Vmo {Xdg hmoVm.
A§Ë`{dYr Xwgè`m {Xder ~wYdmar gH$mir H$aÊ`mV Amcm. R>mUo, H$ë`mU, Zm{eH$
Aem AZoH$ {R>H$mUm§hZÿ ^º$_§S>ir O_m Pmcr. _R>mV Á`m OmJoda Ë`m§Zr Xoh gmoS>cm,
Ë`m OmJr Ë`m§À`m ApñWH$cemMr, Mag_mYrMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Amcr. gd©
Am¡ Ü d© X o { hH$ g§ ñ H$ma lrAmB© g mho ~ m§ À `m do i o g Á`mà_mUo Ho $ co , Ë`mà_mUo
lr AÊUm_hmamO ~hþVc w o `m§Mo hmVyZ H$a{dÊ`mV Amco. Xoh R>do Ê`mAmYr XmoZ {Xdg
Ë`m§Zr ZdrZ _¥Ë`wnÌ H$ê$Z R>do co hmoV.o Ë`mVrc gyMZoà_mUo AÊUm_hmamO ~hþVc w o
`m§Zm _R>mÀ`m JmXrda ~g{dco Joc.o _R>mMr BVa ì`dñWm gmV Q´>ñQ>r Zo_Zy Ë`m§À`m
{dMmamZo gwê$ Pmcr. lr AÊUm _hmamOm§À`m nümV Ë`m§Zr CÎmam{YH$mar Z Zo_Vm hoS>
Q´>ñQ>r d BVa Q´>ñQ>r `m§À`m hmVyZ _R>mMm H$ma^ma Mmcy Pmcm.
lrA¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_r g_WmªZr Amnë`m `m cmS>Š`m {eî`moÎm_mcm nwÊ`mV _R>
~m§YZy ñdê$n g§àXm`mMm àgma H$aÊ`mMr Amkm {Xcr hmoVr. Ë`m Amkoà_mUo lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Zr EH$mnojm EH$ Wmoa `mo½`VoMo, AZoH$ {eî` {Z_m©U Ho$co. lr_hmamOm§Mr
{Zñgr_ namH$moQ>rMr Jwé^º$s, Am{U gd©ñd g_n©UmMr d¥Îmr nmhÿZM lrñdm_r g_WmªZr

lrgX²Jwé am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamO / 27

Amnë`m `m gdmªV chmZ {eî`mMm ñdê$n g§àXm` nwT>o Mmc{dÊ`mgmR>r ghò~wÕo
Hw$cmV lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m ê$nmZo OÝ_ KoVcm. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm "chmZ'
åhUÊ`mMo H$maU åhUOo lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m gw_mao nmMeo dfmªÀ`m àXrK© AdVma
H$mcmV Ë`m§Zr Oo Ag§»` {eî` {Z_m©U Ho$co hmoV,o Ë`mVrc à_wI 9 {eî`m§nH¡ $s lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO ho gdmªV AIoarg AZwJh« àmá Pmcoco hmoV. Ë`m§Zm AZwJh« KS>ë`mZ§Va Ad¿`m
MmaM dfmªZr lrñdm_r g_W© _hmamOm§Zr Xoh gmoS>cm. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ
H$m`© `m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$cm AgVm lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m {eî`_m{cHo$Vrc gdmªV XoXrß`_mZ
aËZ åhUOo lr~rS>H$a _hmamO AgoM dmQ>V.o
***

lrgX²Jéw _ ñVwVr
O`O`H$ma Vw_Mm Agmo gX²Jwéam`m Ÿ& Ordm§ ~moYmo{Z`m§ H$am pñWa Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
Vwåhr MVwa ~hþ ~moY H$aÊ`m§V Ÿ& nhmVgm§ {hV ~mbH$m§M| &&2Ÿ&&
Ëda| H$amo{Z`m§ g{ÛÚoMm ~moY Ÿ& AkmZ AewÕ ZmerVgm§ &&3Ÿ&&
nao n¡b Ordm§ Vwåht a_{dVm§ Ÿ& AmUrH$ Xm{dVm§ _moj-n§W &&4Ÿ&&
g§gma-V_mMm H$amo{Z`m§ Zme Ÿ& M¡VÝ`-gy`m©g ^oQ>{dVm§ &&5Ÿ&&
Vwåhr AZwn_ gm_Ï`m©Z| `wº$ Ÿ& {Odmgr O| Cº$ V|Mr XoVm§ Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
MVwW© AdñWo_Yrb O| kmZ Ÿ& XodmoZr nmbZ H$[aVm§ Ë`m§M| &&7Ÿ&&
^º$sÀ`m H$mZZt M§XZ hmo Vwåhr Ÿ& nyOm H$aÊ`m§ Amåht, Vwåhr Xodmo &&8Ÿ&&
H$ë`mU-aËZm§Mr Vwåhr aËZImU Ÿ& H¡$dë`{ZYmZ nmd{dVm§ &Ÿ&9Ÿ&&
~«÷mZw^dmMo Vwåhr MH«$dVu Ÿ& Vwåhr ñd`§Á`mo{V na~«÷ &&10Ÿ&&
Eoem gX²JwéZmWm Vw_Mo MaUt _mWm Ÿ& R>o{dVgo AmVm§ {Zdm§VMr &&11Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

28 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 gX²JwéH¥$nm d {ddmh
EH$Xm gX²>Jéw Mr JmR> nS>ë`mda lr~m~m _hmamO nyUË© dmZo gX²Jéw e
§ r EH$ê$n Pmco.
Ë`m§À`m AZwgY§ mZmV EH$m jUmMmhr I§S> nS>cm Zmhr. gZ 1900 Vo 1906 Aer
gw_mao ghm df} lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm ghdmg Am{U godm KS>ë`mZ§Va EH$ {Xdg
lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§Zr ñdV:hÿZ ~mocmdyZ KoVco. Amnë`m {ZH$Q> ~gdyZ Ë`m§À`m _ñVH$mda
Amncm {gÕH$a R>odyZ Ë`m§Zm ñdê$nXe©Z KS>{dco Am{U åhUmco, ""amdgmho~m,
AmOnmgyZ Vwcm Amåhr n_©Z§Q> Ho$cm ~a§ !'' lr~m~m§Mo Ë`mMjUr Xoh^mZ hanco.
lr~m~m gX²Jéw H¥$noÀ`m Ë`m jUmcm Oo ~«÷ñdê$nr a__mU Pmco, Vo nwÝhm `m ì`mdhm[aH$
OJmer H$Yrhr g_ag Pmco ZmhrV. Xoh {Zh}VHw $nUo OZm§_Ü`o dmdaV hmoVm, na§Vw Ñï>r
EH$Xm A§V_wI © Pmcr, Vr H$m`_MrM.
lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lr~m~m§À`m g§{já gX²>Jéw -M[aÌmV lr~m~m§Mr hr
Acm¡{H$H$ pñWVr dU©Z H$aVmZm åhUVmV,
V¢ nmgmo{Z`m Xohm§Vmn`ªV Ÿ& ~m~m ZM `oV H$Xm Imct Ÿ&&
H$éZr n_©ZQ§ > ñdénr ~¡g{dc§o Ÿ& Anwë`mg_ Ho$co ~m~m§cmJr Ÿ&&
(g§{já gX²>Jwé-M[aÌ 3:106-107)
lr~m~m§Mm {ddmh gZ 1910 _Ü`o KSy>Z Amcm. Ë`mnydu H$mhr {Xdg lr~m~m§Mr
d|Jc
w m©-YmadmS> `m ^mJmV ZmoH$ar{Z{_Îm Zo_UyH$ Pmcocr hmoVr. Ë`m§Mm _yiMmM {Zì`m©O
Am{U cmoH$ì`dhmam~m~V CXmgrZ ñd^md Am{U Ë`mV gX²>Jéw M § o AI§S> AZwgY§ mZ
`m_wio Eo{hH$ OrdZmH$S>o Ë`m§Mo cj A{O~mV ZìhVo. c¾H$m`© H$ê$ Z`o d gX²>Jéw À§ `m
ghdmgmV OmñVrV OmñV H$mi ì`VrV H$ê$Z na_mW© gmYmdm Aem {dMmam§Mr nH$S>
_Zmda ~gV Mmccr hmoVr.
ZmoH$ar{Z{_Îm ~mhoaJmdr AgVmZm Vo EH$ ~«m÷U ñd`§nmH$s Amnë`m~amo~a Zoh_r
~miJV AgV. EH$ VmaIocm nJma Pmcm H$s VgmÀ`m Vgm gd© nJma Ë`m ñd`§nmŠ`mÀ`m
hmVmV R>do Zy ho {ZqüV hmoV AgV. _J Ë`m _Zwî`mZo Ë`mÀ`m BÀN>ào _mUo KaIM© Mmcdmdm.
BVHo$M Zìho Va ñdV:À`m d¡`{º$H$ IMm©gmR>r cmJUmao n¡ggo Õ w m Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>ZM _mJyZ
¿`mdo Agm lr~m~m§Mm {eañVmM nSy>Z Jocm hmoVm. lr~m~m§Mm hm ^moim d CXmgrZ
ñd^md Ë`m§À`m ~{hUrg d BVa ZmVodmB©H$m§g éMUo eŠ` ZìhVo. `mcm Cnm` åhUyZ
Ë`m§Zr {ddmhmgmR>r lr~m~m§À`m _mJo cH$S>m cmdcm. lr~m~m§Mr Á`oð> ^{JZr gm¡.doUVy mB©

gX²JwéH¥$nm d {ddmh / 29
{hZo Va lr~m~m§Zr {ddmh H$amdm åhUyZ gmoim gmo_dmam§Mo d«VgwÕm Ho$co.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m AZoH$ {eî`m§Mo {ddmh ñdV: nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z OwidyZ
AmUco hmoV.o Ë`mMà_mUo lr~m~m§À`m ~m~VrVgwÕm Ë`m§Zr gw`mo½` nËZrMm emoY gwê$
Ho$cm. gX²Jéw M
§ r Amkm åhQ>ë`mda lr~m~m§Zm {ddmhmg éH$ma XoUo ^mJ hmoV.o
lr~m~m§Mr Á`oð> ^{JZr gm¡.doUVy mB© hr OwÞa `oWo amhmV hmoVr. VoWrc EH$ O_rZXma,
gmdH$ma d Am°Zaar _°{OñQ´>Qo > lr.{dîUwnV§ ~moS>g, Oo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo ñZohr hmoV,o
Ë`m§Mr H$Ý`m Hw$.XwJm©VmB© {hMo ñWi lr~m~m§gmR>r dYy åhUyZ {Z{üV Ho$co.
Hw$. XwJm©VmBªMr OÝ_Hw$§ S>br
4 _§. 2
3
OÝ_ - Am{œZ ew&& 8 eH$ 1820;
5 1
Ho$. _§Jidma, {db§~Zm_ g§dËga
6 12 amg - _H$a
a. c¾ - {_WwZ
~w. 7 9
11
Jw. 8 am. JU - Xod
ew. e. 10 M§.
ZmS>r - A§Ë`
lr~m~m gX²>Jéw À§ `m AmkoMo C„§KZ H$aUo eŠ`M ZìhVo. _wcJr nmhmÊ`mMm H$m`©H$« _
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr _R>mVM H$a{dcm. {ddmhmMr ~¡R>H$ Pmcr. H$m`© gmgwadmS>rcmM
åhUOo OwÞa _w¸$m_r H$amd`mMo {Z{üV Pmco. _wcrcm XmoZ ^mD$ d VrZ ~{hUr hmoË`m.
lr~m~m§Mdo VrZo Ë`m§À`m Á`oð> ^{JZrMo, gm¡.doUVy mBªMo `O_mZ lr.Zmam`U Ym|S>mo Omoer d
ñdV: lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `m§Zr c¾ R>a{dÊ`mV nwT>mH$ma KoVcm hmoVm. Amnë`m nwÌmà_mUo
qH$~hþZm Ë`mhÿZhr OmñV ào_ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo d Ë`m§À`m _§S>itMo, lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo
Amnë`m `m {eî`moÎm_mda hmoV.o lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§nmgyZ gm_mÝ`V: H$Yr Xya Z OmUmè`m
lrAmB©gmho~ lr~m~m§À`m {ddmhmgmR>r _mÌ EH$Q>çm OwÞacm Joë`m hmoË`m.
lr~m~m§Mo ídewa lr.~moS>g ho gYZ J¥hñW hmoV.o Ë`m§Zr H$m`© _moR>çm WmQ>m_mQ>mV
gmOao Ho$co. {ddmhmMo gd© {dYr, arVr[admO, hm¡g_m¡O, _mZnmZ H$gë`mhr ~m~VrV Ý`yZ
amhÿ {Xco Zmhr. lr~m~m§À`m _mVmolr Amnë`m nwÌmÀ`m {ddmhmMo g_`r H$m¡VHw $ H$aÊ`mg
h`mV ZìhË`m, na§Vw Vr CUrd ñdV: lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr ^ê$Z H$mT>cr. VËH$mcrZ nÕVrà_mUo
gr_m§VnyOZ, _YwnH©$, dmL²>{Zü` AmXr H$m`©H« _, àË`j {ddmh gmohim, _m§S>d naVUo
Agm VrZ-Mma {Xdg hm c¾g_ma§^ Mmccm hmoVm. XmoÝhr njm§H$S>rc AmáñdH$s`m§Mo
_mZnmZ, Am_§{ÌVm§Mo AmJVñdmJV Yy_YS>mŠ`mV Pmco. gmjmV cú_r-Zmam`UmMm hm

30 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

OmoS>m nmhÿZ nmhþÊ`m§Mo S>mi
o o gwImdco. dèhmS>r _§S>ir {_ï>mÞ ^moOZmZo V¥á Pmcr. ZmVodmB©H$
_§S>itZm `Wmo{MV _mZgÝ_mZ, dóo^fy Uo XoD$Z AmZ§{XV H$aÊ`mV Amco.
lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr Va OUy H$mhr Amnë`m ñdV:À`m _wcmÀ`m c¾mMr hm¡g `m {ddmh
gmohù`mV nyU© H$ê$Z KoVcr. BVŠ`m CËgmhmZo Ë`m§Zr `m {ddmh g_ma§^mV ^mJ KoVcm d gd©
O~m~Xmar noccr H$s àË`j lr~m~m§Mo g»Io ZmVodmB©H$gwÕm lrAmB©gmho~m§nTw >o naHo$ ^mgmdoV.
{ddmhmMo g_`r lr~m~m§Mo d` gìdrg Va gm¡.XwJm©VmBªMo d` ~mam dfmªMo hmoV.o gmgar
`oVmZm gm¡.XwJm©VmBªMo Zmd ""grVm'' Ago R>do Ê`mV Amco. lr~m~m§Mo Zmd ""am_M§Ð'' Agë`m_wio
hm ""grVm-am_M§ÐmMm'' OmoS>m _moR>m IwcZy {XgV hmoVm. lr~m~m§Mm {ddmh Pmë`mZ§Va gX²>Jéw Z§ r
J¥hñWml_mV àdoe H$aVmZm Ho$coë`m CnXoemMo, ""AmVm g§gmamV nS>cm Amhog Voìhm
gm¡^m½`dVrÀ`m {dMmamZo Mmc.'' `m JwéAmkoMo lr~m~m§Zr AJXr H$mQ>Ho $moa nmcZ Ho$co.
ñdV: Oar XohpñWVrda ZgV Var XoIrc gm¡.XwJm©VmBªZm åhUOo AmB©gmho~m§Zm H$Yrhr Vo H$R>mao
^mfU H$ê$Z ~mocco ZmhrV. Ë`m§À`m BÀN>A o mS>XI
o rc lr~m~m H$Xm{n Amco ZmhrV.
lr~m~m§Mm gX²Jéw À§ `m Xe©Zmcm OmÊ`mMm {Z`_ {ddmhmZ§Vahr n{hë`m à_mUoM
Mmccm hmoVm. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO ho amJrQ> ñd^mdmMo hmoVo Iao, na§Vw lr~m~m§da Ë`m§Zm
\$ma ¹${MVM H$moUr amJmdcoco nm{hco Agoc. lr~m~m§À`m AZoH$ Jwé~§YZ§y r Amnë`m
AmR>dUr gm§JVmZm `m {dYmZmg nwï>r {Xcr Amho.
nwÊ`mV amhmV AgVmZm _R>mVrc XodnyOgo mR>r, Vg{~atZm hma H$ê$Z KmcÊ`mgmR>r
cmJUmar \w$co KoD$Z `oÊ`mMr H$m_{Jar lr~m~m§H$S>o Ago. Ho$ìhmHo$ìhm ñdV: \w$cm§Mo hma
H$ê$Z Xodm§À`m Vg{~atZm lr~m~m KmcrV AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§nTw >o Ë`m§Mr ~hþYm
_m¡Z ~miJyZM gd© dmJUyH$ Ago. Amnë`m {eî`m§Odi gX²Jéw À§ `m AmR>dUr gm§JV
AgVmZm Vo åhUV, ""Amåhmcm Am_À`m Jwég§ _moa ~gÊ`mMrgwÕm ^rVr dmQ>V Ago.
Z_«VZo o Agmdo CJmM AmdmS>md H$aÊ`mMr Oéar Zmhr.'' lr~rS>H$a _hmamO lr~m~m§Mm
C„oI ""amdgmho~'' AWdm ¹${MV ""ghò~wÕçm'' Agm EHo$ar ZmdmZogÕ w m H$arV
AgV. lr~m~m§{df`r ~mocVmZm AZoH$Xm ""amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm !'' Ago H$m¡VHw $mZo
AmoVàmoV ^acoco àe§gmoXJ² ma Ë`m§À`m _wImVyZ EoH$md`mg {_iV AgV. lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO lr~m~m§Zm H$S>H$ eãXm§V VmS>Z H$ê$ cmJë`mg, AmB©gmho~m§Zm Vo ghZ hmoV
Zgo. Ë`m cmJcrM lr~m~m§Mm H¡$dma KoV AgV.
lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo {ZYZ d nwZXe©Z
gZ 1911 _Ü`o lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m à`mUmMo doir lr~m~m nwÊ`mV amhmd`mg

gX²JwéH¥$nm d {ddmh / 31
ZìhVo. ZmoH$ar{Z{_Îm ~mhoaJmdr dmñVì` Ago. _R>mVyZ nÌmZoM Ë`m§Zm hr Hw$dmVm©
g_Ocr. lr~m~m§Zm AVmoZmV Xw:I Pmco. Vo lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm Amncr OÝ_XmÌrM
_mZrV hmoV.o Xhmì`m {XdgmÀ`m, {Vcm§OcrÀ`m {dYrgmR>r lr~m~m aOm KoD$Z nwÊ`mg
Amco. lrAmB©gmho~m§Mm A{¾g§ñH$ma lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy AÊUm_hmamO ~hþVc w o `m§À`mM
hmVyZ H$a{dÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm. gd© _§S>ir Am|H$maoœamda qnS>XmZ H$aÊ`mg Jocr hmoVr.
lr~m~mhr gdmª~amo~a Joco hmoV.o qnS>mcm H$mH$ñne© hmoÊ`mg OamXoIrc doi cmJcm
Zmhr.
{Vcm§Ocr XoD$Z gd© _§S>ir Kar åhUOo _R>mVM naV Amcr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO
åhUmco, ""AmVm Vwåhr gd© _§S>itZr ^am^a ^moOZ CaHy$Z ¿`m.'' Amkoà_mUo gd©
_§S>ir Oodmd`mg ~gcr. lr~m~m _mÌ EH$m ~mOycm H$mhr EH$ Z ~mocVm ñVãY ~gyZ
hmoV.o Ë`m§À`m Jwé~§YZ§y r lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§H$S>o OmD$Z lr~m~m Oodmd`mg CR>V Zgë`mMo
gm§{JVco. Voìhm lr~rS>H$a _hmamO ñdV: CRy>Z Ë`m§À`mOdi Amco d lr~m~m§Zm
Oodmd`mg gm§Jy cmJco. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""AmnU Oa _cm AmÎmmÀ`m AmÎmm
AmB©gmho~m§Mo Xe©Z KS>dmc VaM _r Oodm`cm CR>Zo .'' lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm
namonarZo g_OmdyZ gm§{JVco nU lr~m~m H$mhr Amncm hÅ> gmoS>m`cm V`ma hmoB©ZmV.
eodQ>r gd© Cnm` WH$ë`mda lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Agm H$mhr éÐmdVma YmaU Ho$cm
Am{U lr~m~m§da {eì`m§Mm ^{S>_ma gwê$ Ho$cm H$s Vo Ñí` nmhmUmè`m _§S>itMr nmMmda
YmaU ~gcr. ""_yIm©, _occ o r _mUgo nwÝhm CRy>Z `oV ZmhrV BVH$s gmYr A¸$c Zmhr
Vwcm ?'' Aer lr~m~m§Mr Ë`m§Zr gS>Hy$Z hOoar KoVcr. lr~m~m _mÌ EH$M hÅ>
A{dMcnUo KoD$Z ~gco hmoV.o ""_cm AmnU AmB©gmho~ XmIdm Ë`m{edm` _r Oodm`cm
`oUma Zmhr.'' lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm H«$moY OJà{gÕM Amho. nU Ë`m doir Ë`m§ZrgwÕm
lr~m~m§À`m {ZYm©amnwT>o hmV Q>oH$co. eodQ>r BVa gd© _§S>itZm, ""Vwåhr gdmªZr ^moOZ
H$ê$Z ¿`m. hm amdgmho~ doS>m Amho. Vwåhr ZH$m Ë`mÀ`mgmR>r Wm§~y.'' Ago gm§JyZ
nmR>dZy {Xco. ñdV: _mÌ Oodmd`mg ~gco ZmhrV. gdmªMr OodUo Pmë`mda lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Zr {eî`m§Zm gm§{JVco. ""ñd`§nmH$KamV VrZ nmZo dmTy>Z V`ma H$am. gd© nXmW©
dmTy>Z Pmco H$s Vwåhr gd©OU ~mhoa ìhm. _rM Ë`mcm Oodm`cm cmdVmo.'' {eî`m§Zr
Amkoà_mUo VrZ nmZo dmTy>Z {gÕ Ho$cr. _J lr~rS>H$a _hmamO lr~m~m§Odi `oD$Z
Ë`m§À`m nmR>rda ào_mZo WmonQy>Z Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""amdgmho~m ! Mc Vwcm AmB© ~Kmd`mMr
Amho Zm ? Mc AmV _mÂ`m~amo~a. Vr ~K nmQ>mda ~gcocr Amho. {VÀ`m~amo~a
Ooderc Zm ?'' lr~m~m {Z_yQ>nUo Ë`m§À`m _mJyZ AmV Joco Am{U nmQ>mda ~gco.

32 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr ñd`§nmH$J¥hmÀ`m Xmamcm AmVyZ H$S>r cmdcr Am{U lr~m~m§À`m
eoOmar `oD$Z ~gco. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Mo nm` KÅ> Yaco Am{U H$idiyZ åhUmco, ""AmVm
Amncm eãX Iam H$am. _cm AmB©gmho~m§Mo Xe©Z KS>dm.'' lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm
Amnë`m {eî`mMm hm ^m~S>m nU X¥T> hÅ> nmhÿZ J{hdê$Z Amco. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm
n«o_mZo nmoQ>mer KoVco d WmonQ>co. åhUmco, ""amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm Amho. _cm
Ë`mÀ`m _ZmgmaIo Ho$coM nm{hOo.'' Ë`m§Zr lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo Zmd KoD$Z _moR>çmZo hmH$
_macr. ""Ahmo hm Vw_Mm doS>m _wcJm Vw_À`m{edm` OodUma Zmhr åhUyZ hQy>Z ~gcm`,
Voìhm AmVm Vwåhr `m Am{U ñdV:M Ë`mMr g_OyV H$mT>m.''
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo gm_Ï`© Ago Wmoa H$s Ë`m doir àË`j lrAmB©gmho~ gJwU
gmH$ma ê$n YmaU H$ê$Z, OarH$mR>r cwJS>o Zogcoë`m, A§J^a XmJXm{JZo ë`m`coë`m
Aem OJÝ_mVoÀ`m ñdê$nmV VoWo àH$Q> Pmë`m. hgyZ lr~m~m§À`m eoOmaÀ`m {Vgè`m
nmQ>mda `oD$Z ~gë`m. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m MaUm§Zm {_R>r KmVcr Am{U Amnë`m AlyZ§ r
Ë`m§Mo nmXàjmcZ Ho$co. EH$m ~mOycm lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Am{U Xwgè`m ~mOycm _mVmolr
AmB©gmho~ Ago XmoKm§À`m _Ü`o lr~m~m ~gcoco hmoVo. _J lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr ñdV:
lr~m~m§Zm _mVoÀ`m dmËgë`mZo EH$ EH$ Kmg ^a{dcm. {VKm§Mo ^moOZ Pmco.
lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr Ë`m doir em§VnUo, `wº$sà`wº$sZo lr~m~m§Mr g_OyV H$mT>cr, ""Aao
doS>çm, EH$Xm _ococo _mUyg nwÝhm ~mocmdVm `oVo H$m ? _J Agcm doS>m hÅ> H$emcm ~a§
Vy YaVmog ? gX²Jéw M§ r nyUH© $¥ nm Pmcoë`m VwÂ`mgma»`mZo ho _m`oMo nm§Kê$U ñdV:^modVr
Jw§S>miyZ Jwa\$Qy>Z KoD$Z, AkmZmV gwI emoYÊ`mMm hm hÅ> H$aUo emo^V Zmhr. eara
åhUOo AmËå`mMo AmdaU. n§M_hm^yVmË_H$ Xoh hm Ordmcm Ho$ìhm Zm Ho$ìhm gmoS>mdm
cmJVmoM. Ë`mÀ`m ncrH$S>o Oo AmËå`mMo A{dZmer ê$n Amho Ë`mda cj H|${ÐV H$amdo.
Zm_ê$nmË_H$ Agcocm hm Xoh Zm{ed§V Amho. am_H¥$îUmXr Xodm§ZrXoIrc doi `oVmM
Ë`mMm Ë`mJ Ho$cm. nyU© namËna gX²>Jéw VmoM Iam AmË_mam_ Am{U Ë`mÀ`m ñdê$nmV
a__mU hmoD$Z amhmUo hmM Iam Y_© Am{U VmoM Vy Mmcd.''
Aem VèhoZo CnXoe H$ê$Z lrAmB©gmho~ lr~m~m§Zm Amerdm©X XoD$Z A§VYm©Z
nmdë`m. lr~m~m§Zr Voìhm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m MaUm§da cmoiU KoVcr Am{U
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o j_m`mMZm Ho$cr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm ào_^amZo CR>{dco Am{U
KÅ> öX`mer Yaco, ""amdgmho~m, AmO _mPo gd©ñd Vwcm {Xco. BWyZ nwT>o Amnë`m
XmoKm§_Ü`o Û¡V {e„H$ Zmhr. VwPm Ah§H$ma AmO _r gd©ñdr KoVcm.'' Ë`mZ§Va XmoKo
Jwé-{eî` Xma CKSy>Z em§VnUo, OUy H$mhr KS>cM o Zmhr Aem WmQ>mV ~mhoa Amco.

gX²JwéH¥$nm d {ddmh / 33
O_coë`m _§S>itZm Amü`© dmQ>co H$s ì`º$s XmoZM, na§Vw ñd`§nmH$ J¥hmV VrZ nmZo
OodyZ CR>ë`mMo S>moù`m§Zm {XgVo`, hm H$m` M_ËH$ma ? na§Vw lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo
""H$Vw©_²AH$Vw©_² AÝ`Wm H$Vw©_²'' Ago gm_Ï`© Oo OmUV hmoVo Ë`m§ZrM Iam àH$ma H$m`
hmoVm Vmo OmUcm. gX²Jéw Z§ m ñdV:Mo A§{H$V H$adyZ KoÊ`mg g_W© Agcocr Acm¡{H$H$
H$moQ>rVrc gX²Jwé^º$s lr~m~m§À`m R>m`r {damOV hmoVr. nwT>o lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo Mm¡Xmì`m
{Xdgmn`ªVMo {H«$`mH$_© Ho$ë`mZ§Va _JM lr~m~m Amnë`m ZmoH$arÀ`m {R>H$mUr naV
Joco.
aËZm{Jarg Omoem§À`m KamV dmñVì`
nr.S>ãë`y.S>r. åhUOo gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m_ ImË`mV ZmoH$ar Yaë`mnmgyZ lr~m~m§À`m
AZoH$ {R>H$mUr, {deof H$ê$Z H$moH$U {d^mJmVM ~Xë`m KSy>Z Amë`m. A§XmOo 1910-
11 gmcr {ddmhmZ§Va VmËH$miM Ë`m§Mr ~Xcr aËZm{Jarcm Pmcr. Ë`m doir lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Zr, Amnë`m CÝ_Zr pñWVrVrc, ~mcgÑe {eî`mcm AmñWoZo gm§^mirc
Agm H$moUr n[a{MV aËZm{Jarg Amho H$m åhUyZ Vnmg Ho$cm. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§Mo
ídewa Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo ñZohr lr.{dîUwn§V ~moS>g `m§Zr ""aËZm{Jar `oWo
lr.h[an§V gImam_ Omoer, dH$sc ho Amnco ñZohr amhmVmV. Ë`m§À`mH$S>o lr~m~m§Zr
amhmdo,'' Ago gwM{dco. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr gd© _m{hVr {_idyZ `m ì`dñWocm
g§_Vr {Xcr. ""lr.h[an§V Vw_Mr ZrQ> H$miOr KoVrc,'' Ago lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr
lr~m~m§Zm gm§{JVco.
ho lr.h[an§V Omoer åhUOo lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo MwcV AmOmo~m hmoV.
`m `moOZo_mJrc gyú_ H$m`©H$maU g§~Y§ OJmcm kmV hmoÊ`mg ~arM df} Omdr cmJcr.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr ñdV: Ë`m Omoer Hw$cmV lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m
ê$nmZo OÝ_ KoVcm, hmM Vmo H$m`©H$maU g§~§Y hmoVm. ""{eî`mgmR>r Jwé Am{U JwégmR>r
{eî`'' Agm AmJim Ioi lrñdm_r g_WmªZr lr~m~m§À`m ê$nmZo XohYmar hmoD$Z Omo
gwê$ Ho$cm hmoVm Vmo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr VgmM nwT>o Mmc{dcm.
***

34 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrc ZmoH$ar
lr~m~m _hmamO XmoZ df} nËZrgh lr.h[an§V Omoer, dH$sc `m§À`m KamV aËZm{Jarcm
{~èhmS> H$ê$Z am{hco. VoWZy nwÝhm ~Xcr Pmcr Vr noUcm. noU `oWo OdiOdi VrZ
df} dmñVì` KS>c.o noUMo {_R>mMo ì`mnmar lr.{c_`o dH$sc `m§À`m dmS>çmV lr~m~m d
gm¡.XwJm©VmB© amhmV hmoV.o lr~m~m§Mo `m {c_`o d{H$cm§er Jwé~§Yy Am{U dJ©~Y§ y Ago
Xwhao r ñZohmMo ZmVo hmoV.o Ë`m H$mimV lr~m~m gwnadm`PaÀ`m hþÔçmda hmoV.o noUhÿZ nwT>o
lr~m~m§Mr ZmJmoR>Um `oWo ~Xcr Pmcr.
""gX²Jéw gm[aIm AgVm nmR>ramIm'' `m lrg§V kmZoœa _hmamOm§À`m dMZmMr gmj
lr~m~m§darc ZmJmoR>Ê`mÀ`m Zo_UwH$sÀ`m H$mimVrc EH$m àg§JmZo _Zmcm nQ>V.o Ë`m
doir amoho VmcwŠ`mVrc ZmJmoR>Um-noU `m añË`mda IS>r Q>mH$Ê`mMo H$m_ Mmcco hmoV.o
H§$ÌmQ>Xma d lr~m~m§À`m hmVmImcr H$m_ H$aUmam H$maHy$Z `m§Zr g§JZ_V H$ê$Z añË`mÀ`m
H$m_mdarc gaH$mar _mcH$sMr IS>r Zmhrer Ho$cr. `moJm`moJmZo EpŠPŠ`wQ>rìh B§{O{Z`a
VnmgUrda Amco Am{U Ë`m§À`m hr A\$amV\$a cjmV Amcr. Ë`m§Zr `m JmoîQ>rMm
Iwcmgm _m{JVcm Voìhm Ë`m H$maHw$ZmZo IS>rMo ~«mg (T>rJ H$ê$Z aMyZ R>do cocr IS>r)
dmè`mZo CSy>Z Joco Aem AWm©Mm VH$cwnr Iwcmgm V`ma H$adyZ, lr~m~m§À`m {dXohr
AdñWoMm J¡a\$m`Xm CR>dZy c~mS>rZo Ë`m§Mr Ë`m nÌmda ghr KoVcr. ImË`m_m\©$V hr
~m~ d[að>mn§ `ªV OmD$Z nmohmoMcr d lr~m~m§Mr _mZhmZr hmoÊ`mMm àg§J CnpñWV Pmcm.
na§Vw d[að> A{YH$mar lr~m~m§Mr `mo½`Vm OmUV Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zr g_j H$m_mÀ`m OmJoda
OmD$Z VnmgUr Ho$cr, Voìhm gJir IS>r AJXr {heo~mà_mUo AmT>icr. Á`m H$maHw$ZmZo
c~mS>rZo ImoQ>m Iwcmgm {Xcm hmoVm, Ë`mÀ`mda d[að> A{YH$mar \$maM éï> Pmco.
ImË`m_m\©$V H$madmB© hmoD$Z Vmo ZmoH$arg _wH$Vmo H$s H$m` Ago dmQy> cmJco. eodQ>r
lr~m~m§ Z rM Ë`mcm nmR> r er KmVco Am{U d[að> m § H $Sy > Z j_m H$a{dcr.
AnH$maH$Ë`m©cmgwÕm CnH$ma H$ê$Z F$Ur H$ê$Z R>do Uo hr Jmoï> _hmË_oM H$ê$ OmUo !
ZmJmoR>Ê`mhÿZ lr~m~m§Mr ~Xcr _hmS> `oWo Eg².S>r.Amo. (ñnoec S>çQw >r Am°{\$ga)
`m hþÔçmda Pmcr. VoWo gw_mao df©^a am{hë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zm A{gñQ>Q§ > B§{O{Z`aMo à_moeZ
{_iyZ Vo nZdoc `oWo Amco. lr~m~m Oar, CÝ_Zr, {dXohr AdñWoV dmdaV Agco, Var
Xoh H$V©ì`^mdZoÀ`m ~m~VrV OmJ¥V hmoVm. Amnco H$m_ AË`§V àm_m{UH$nUo Am{U
MmoI H$aUo, Amnë`m Acm¡{H$H$ ~w{Õ_ÎmoMm dmna H$m_m_Ü`o H$aÊ`mV OamgwÕm Hw$MamB©

nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrb ZmoH$ar / 35
Z H$aUo, `m Jmoï>tMr Ë`m§Zm Hw$Ur AmR>dU H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr JaOM ZìhVr. Ë`m ~m~r
Ë`m§À`m earamÀ`m à{V{já {H«$`oà_mUoM Ë`m§À`m A§Jr _wacoë`m hmoË`m. AYyZ_YyZ
_ËgamZo Oi\$iUmè`m Ë`m§À`m ghH$mè`m§H$Sy>Z, VgoM hmVmImcÀ`m H$maHw$Zm§H$Sy>Z
lr~m~m§À`m {damoYmV H$Q>-H$mañWmZo H$aÊ`mMo àH$ma Oar CX²^dV Agco, Var
lr~m~m§À`m d[að>mÀ§ `m ZOaoVZy Ë`m§Mr _hÎmm gwQ>cc o r ZìhVr.
lr~m~m§Mm ^mMm lr.~Ý`m~mny Omoer hm _w§~B©cm {eH$m`cm AgVmZm EH$Xm
lr~m~m§À`m Am°{\$g_Ü`o Jocm hmoVm. Ë`m doir lr~m~m ""Mr\$ Am{H©$Q>Šo Q> Qy> JìhZ©_Q| >''
`m AË`§V CÀMnXñW A{YH$mè`mMo nr.E. åhUyZ H$m_ nmhmV hmoV.o Vmo A{YH$mar
B§J«O hmoVm. lr.~Ý`m~mny§Mr Ë`m A{YH$mè`mZo {dMmanyg Ho cr. hm lr~m~m§Mm ^mMm
Amho ho H$iVmM Ë`mZo ~Ý`m~mnyO § di lr~m~m§Mr \$ma àe§gm Ho$cr. Vmo åhUmcm,
""Amåhmcm B§{O{Z`[a¨J~m~V H$gcrhr AS>MU Amcr Va Amåhr lr.amdgmho~
ghò~wÕo `m§Mm g„m KoVmo. Vo \$ma ~w{Õ_mZ Am{U B§{O{Z`[a¨J emñÌm_Yco OmUH$ma
J¥hñW AmhoV !''
EH$Xm EH$m H$maHw$ZmZo ~ZmdQ> H$mJXnÌ d[aîR>m§Zm XoD$Z, lr~m~m§À`m {hemo~mV
nmM hOma én`m§À`m amoI aH$_oMr J\$cV Agë`mMm ImoS>gmi H$m§Jmdm Ho$cm hmoVm.
d[að>mZ§ r {VWë`m {VWo gd© {heo~ Vnmgco Va Ë`mV lr~m~m§Mo {hemo~mV EH$m n¡emMrgwÕm
MyH$ AmT>icr Zmhr. ho àH$aU Ë`m H$maHw$ZmÀ`m A§Jmda Mm§JcoM eoH$co. na§Vw
lr~m~m§À`m aX~Xcr_wioM Ho$di Ë`mMr ZmoH$ar dmMcr. Ë`m H$maHw$ZmZo nümÎmmn
nmdyZ lr~m~m§À`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odco.
lr~m~m§Mm ñd^md BVH$m gai Am{U {Zì`m©O hmoVm H$s, Ë`m§À`m ZmoH$arÀ`m
H$mimVrc hm àg§JM ~mocHo$nUmZo gd© gm§Jy eHo$c. EH$Xm Ë`m§À`m Am°{\$gmV gdmªZm
{H«$Ho$Q>Mr _°M nmhmÊ`mgmR>r gwÅ>r {Xcr. gwÅ>r {_imë`mÀ`m AmZ§XmV Hw$Ur Amnmnë`m
{_Ìm§~amo~a dm Hw$Qw>§~r`m§~aom~a {\$am`cm Joco Va Hw$Ur Kar OmD$Z {dlm§Vr KoV nhþS>co.
na§Vw lr~m~m _mÌ g§Ü`mH$min`ªV {H«$Ho$Q>À`m _¡XmZmV _°M g§non`ªV Wm§~coco hmoVo.
EH$m n[a{MVmZo Ë`m§Zm {dMmaco, ""Vwåhr Am{U {H«$Ho$Q>À`m _¡XmZmV _°M nmhm`cm
åhUOo Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> Amho !'' Ë`mda lr~m~m åhUmco, gaH$maZo {H«$Ho$Q>Mr _°M
nmhmÊ`mgmR>r _cm gwÅ>r {Xcr Amho. _J _r Kar H$gm OmD$ ? _cm _°M nmhmUo ^mJM
Amho.''
_hmS>_YyZ nZdoc `oWo lr~m~m Amco. Vo gw_mao XmoZ df} nZdoccm hmoVo. gZ
1919 _Ü`o lr~m~m§Mr _w~§ B©g ~Xcr Pmcr. Zm°XZ© gH©$cMo gwn[a¨Q>q| S>J B§{O{Z`a `m§Mo

36 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

nr.E. åhUyZ lr~m~m _w§~B©À`m Am°{\$gmV éOy Pmco Am{U \$moQ>© {d^mJmV
nr.S>ãë`y.S>r.À`m goH«o$Q>arEQ>_Yrc H$MoarV H$m_ H$ê$ cmJco. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§Mo
{~èhmS> dm§Ðçmcm am§JUoH$a dmS>r_Ü`o hmoVo. amoO cmoH$c JmS>rZo MM©JoQ>cm Omdo cmJV
Ago. gm¡.XwJm©VmB© VWm lrAmB©gmho~ àn§M XjVoZo nma nmS>rV hmoË`m. Xa e{Zdmar
lr~m~m§À`m Kar ^OZmMm H$m`©H$« _ hmoV Ago. e{Zdma-a{ddmar Amcm-Jocm nmhþUm
Yê$Z 10-12 _mUgo amhÊ`mg d OodÊ`mg hOa AgV. Aä`mJVmMo AmXam{VÏ`
H$aÊ`mV ñdV: lr~m~mhr OmJê$H$ AgV. lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm `m gdmªÀ`m_wio \$ma H$m_
nS>V Ago, nU Ë`m AmZ§XmZo gd© H$mhr {~ZVH«$ma nma nmS>rV hmoË`m.
gZ 1923 _Ü`o lr~m~m dm§Ðçmcm nr.E.Qy> Mr\$ Am{H©$Q>oŠQ> Qy> JìhZ©_|Q> åhUyZ
~Xcr hmoD$Z Joco. lr~m~m§Mm {XZH«$_ hiyhiy nyU©V: OrdZ_wº$ AdñWoH$S>o PwHy$
cmJcm hmoVm. Vo Am°{\$g_Ü`o gdmªZm gmï>mJ§ Z_ñH$ma KmcrV AgV. H$mJX KoD$Z
Ë`mda am_Zm_ {chrV ~gV. lr~m~m§Mm H$m_mda OmVmZm dof AJXr gmYm Ago.
nm§T>ao ew^« YmoVa, H$mim H$moQ>, S>moŠ`mcm OarMm é_mc ~m§Ycocm, CnaUo, nm`mV
dhmUm, hmVmV N>Ìr Aem dofmV lr~m~m Am°{\$g_Ü`o OmV AgV. Xa_hm nJma
hmoVmM lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV drg én`o d EH$ én`m Zm{eH$À`m XÎm _§{XamV
nmR>{dÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm {Z`_ hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m KamV ~id§V {dîUy Hw$cH$Uu ZmdmMm EH$
{dÚmWu Aml`mcm hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o hr XmoÝhr H$m_o gmon{dcocr hmoVr.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO XohYmar AgVmZm Vo Á`m AmoT>rZo Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmV AgV Ë`mM
AmoT>rZo Ë`m§À`m d lr~m~m§da _mV¥dV² ào_ H$aUmè`m lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m nwÊ`{VWrgmR>r
lr~m~m AmdOy©Z aOm H$mTy>Z nwÊ`mg OmV AgV. gm¡.XwJm©VmB©gwÕm ~hþYm àË`oH$ doir
Ë`m§À`mg_doV OmV AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO XohmZo ApñVËdmV AgVmZm lr~m~m
EH$Xm Xe©ZmgmR>r åhUyZ nwÊ`mg Amco Vo XmoZ-VrZ _{hZo Pmco Var naV Amnë`m
ZmoH$arÀ`m Jmdr OmÊ`mMo Zmd KoBZ© mV. EH$ {Xdg lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr Amnco Xwgao
EH$ {eî` lr.XÎmmon§V {ZamoIoH$a `m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""Aao Ë`m amdgmho~mZo aOm {H$Vr
H$mT>cr Amho Vo nmhm ~ao ! ZmhrVa Vmo AmnUhÿZ OmVmo H$mhr åhUm`Mm Zmhr Am{U
Amnë`mcm Var Ë`mMr aOm {H$Vr Amho ho H$go ~ao H$iUma ?'' Voìhm lr.{ZamoIoH$am§Zr
Ë`m§Mo gd© {Igo Vnmgco. lr~m~m§À`m {IemV EH$ MwaJicocm H$mJX AmT>icm. aOm
_§Oya Ho$ë`m~ÔcMo Am°{\$gMo nÌ hmoVo Vo. Ë`mdê$Z aOm \$º$ XmoZ-VrZ {Xdgm§Mr
H$mT>cc o r hmoVr Ago {Xgco. lr.{ZamoIHo $am§Zr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm hr {dcjU Jmoï>
gm§{JVcr Voìhm Vo åhUmco ""CÚm Xwnmar Ë`mcm KoD$Z Vy AdYyV ~wdm§H$S>o Om.'' ho lr

nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrb ZmoH$ar / 37
AdYyV~wdm åhUOo EH$ A{YH$mar qcJm`V {gÕnwéf hmoV.o nwÊ`mVrc dmñVì`mV Vo
XJSy> hcdm`mÀ`m XÎm_§[XamÀ`m _mJrc ~mOyg _mS>rda CVaV AgV. lr~m~m
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Joë`mda àW_ AmV OmÊ`mgM V`ma hmoBZ© mV. nU Z§Va AmV Joë`mda
Z_ñH$ma dJ¡ao Z H$aVmM EH$m ~mOycm OmD$Z Jßn ~gyZ am{hco. lr.{ZamoIoH$am§Zr ""ho
ZmoH$arda Om`cm V`ma ZmhrV'' Ago lrAdYyV~wdm§Zm gm§JVmM Vo åhUmco, ""AerM
Ë`m§Mr pñWVr am{hë`mg ~m`H$mnmoao R>UmUm H$aVrc !'' Z§Va lr~m~m§H$S>o diyZ åhUmco,
""Agm hÅ> H$ê$Z _Z Vmã`mV `oV Zmhr. Ë`mcm MwMH$mê$ZM Vmã`mV AmUco nm{hOo.''
Z§Va XmoKohr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§H$S>o naV Amco. Xwgè`m {Xder lr~m~m amÌrÀ`m JmS>rZo
Amnë`m ZmoH$arÀ`m Jmdr naVco.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nwÊ`{VWrcm _w§~B©, H$ë`mU dJ¡ao {R>H$mUm§hÿZ Ë`m§Mo gd©
{eî` nwÊ`mV EH$Ì `oV AgV. nañnam§À`m JmR>r^oQ>r hmoV. EH$m dfu nwÊ`{VWr CËgd
Pmë`mZ§Va Xwgao {Xder, gd© _§S>itZr gH©$gcm OmÊ`mMm ~oV AmIcm. Zì`m nwcmOdi
gH©$gMm V§~y C^maÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm. gdmªÀ`m AmJ«hmImVa lr~m~mXoIrc `m
_§S>it~amo~a gH©$g nmhm`cm Joco. gJù`m§Mr IwMuMr {VH$sQ>o H$mT>cocr hmoVr.
gH©$erVë`m Ioimcm àma§^ Pmë`mnmgyZ lr~m~m§Zr Or EH$Q>H$ Ñï>r IoimH$S>o cmdcr
hmoVr, Vr eodQ>n`ªV VerM {ZíMc R>do Zy Ioi nmhmV hmoV.o
BVa gd© _§S>ir gH©$g nmhmÊ`mV a§JZy Jocr hmoVr. {dXwfH$mÀ`m _H©$Q>crcm nmhmVmZm
hgyZhgyZ àË`oH$mMr _waHw§$S>r diV hmoVr. lr~m~m§Mm Moham _mÌ {Z{d©H$maM hmoVm.
Ë`m§À`m eoOmar ~gcoë`m EH$m ^º$mZo {dMmaco, ""Amåhr EdT>o _Z_wamX hgV AmhmoV
Am{U AmnU BVHo$ J§^ra H$em_wio Pmcm AmhmV ?'' Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco,
""gH©$erVë`m dmK-qghm§Zm \$Q>Ho$ ImVmZm nmhÿZ _cm Ë`m§Mr H$éUm `oVo. Ë`m Ordm§Mm
CÕma H$gm hmoBc © hmM {dMma _cm AñdñW H$ê$Z gmoS>rV Amho. _cm hm Ioi nmhÿZ
hgy Va A{O~mV `oV Zmhr !''
lr~m~m§Mo ho CX²Jma dada nmhmVm EImÚmcm {d{MÌ dmQ>co AgVrc na§Vw Ë`m§À`m
A§V:H$aUmcm _Zwî`mÀ`m H$a_UwH$sgmR>r Ë`m _wŠ`m Ordm§Mm hmoV Agcocm N>i nmhÿZ,
IamoIaM `mVZm hmoV hmoË`m. gdm©^yVr na_oœa Aer {MÎmd¥Îmr AgUmam _Zwî`M
lr~m~m§À`m A§V:H$aUmVrc hr Vi_i WmoS>r\$ma OmUy eHo$c.
_w§~B©Vrc dm§ÐçmÀ`m {~èhmS>mV amhmV AgVmZm, Am°[\$g_YyZ Kar `oVmZm,
dmS>çmVrc _wcm§gmR>r ImD$ AmUmd`mMr lr~m~m§Mr gd` hmoVr. Im§Úmda Q>mH$coë`m
CnaÊ`mÀ`m Q>moH$mcm _wcm§Zm AmdS>Umao VèhoVèhoÀ`m nXmWmªMo JmR>moS>o ~m§YyZ AmUm`Mo.

38 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Ë`mV ^wB_© Jw mÀ`m e|Jm, eodJmR>çm, J§S>èo `m, {c_coQ>À`m Jmoù`m, ~marH$ ~moa,o MmoIZy
ImÊ`mgmaIo am`di Am§~o Agcm ZmZm àH$maMm ImD$ Ago. Ë`m§Zr dmS>çmV nmD$c
Q>mH$VmM gd© chmZ _wco Ë`m§Zm JamS>m KmcrV. ""H$mH$m, ImD$ ?'' åhUyZ gdmªMo hmV
nwT>o hmoV AgV. àË`oH$mÀ`m hmVmda H$mhrZm H$mhr ImD$ R>odë`mZ§VaM lr~m~m KamV
àdoe H$arV AgV.
lr~m~m§À`m Kar ~è`mM _§S>itMo `oUO o mUo hmoV Ago. ZmVodmB©H$, ñZohr, lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Mo {eî`-^º$, `m gdmªMr gVV dX©i Mmcy Ago. gm¡.XwJm©VmBªZr (lrAmB©gmho~)
ñd`§nmH$mgmR>r ~mB© R>do cocr hmoVr. VargwÕm Ë`m§Zm \$ma n[al_ nS>V AgV. dm§ÐçmÀ`m
_V_mCcrcm (_mD§$Q> _oar) lr~m~m AZoH$Xm OmV AgV. {Zdm§V Aer EImXr OmJm
{ZdSy>Z lr~m~m VoWo ~¡R>H$ _m§S>rV. ~amo~a AmUcocm EH$ {Mê$Q> {IemVyZ ~mhoa
H$mT>m`Mm, noQ>dm`Mm Am{U Ë`mMm EH$M PwaH$m _mamd`mMm. ~g, Ë`m jUrM Vo Oo
ñdê$n Ü`mZmV a§JZy OmV AgV, Vo hmVmVrc {Mê$Q> OiVOiV `oD$Z lr~m~m§À`m
~moQ>mZ§ m MQ>H$m ~gV Ago, Voìhm Vo ^mZmda `oV AgV. _J CRy>Z Kar `oV. hm Ë`m§Mm
{eañVm dm§Ðçmcm amhmV AgVmZm ~aoM {Xdg Mmccm hmoVm.
{^H$mè`mg nJmamMo XmZ
H$m_mdê$Z naV `oVmZm EH$m R>am{dH$ OmJr C^m AgUmè`m EH$m {^H$mè`mcm
amoO EH$ ZmUo XoÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm H«$_ Ago. lr~m~m§Mo cm¡{H$H$ÑîQ>çm ^mZmda ZgÊ`mMo
à_mU hiyhiy dmT>VM hmoV.o EH$ {Xdg Ago Pmco H$s Am°{\$g_YyZ n{hë`m VmaIocm
nJma Kar KoD$Z `oV AgVmZm, dmQ>Vo M Zoh_rMm {^H$mar Ñï>rg nS>cm. Ë`m {Xder
lr~m~m§Zr g§nUy © _{hÝ`mÀ`m nJmamMo nmH$sQ>M Ë`mÀ`m hmVmV {Xco. Kar Amë`mZ§Va
lrAmB©gmho~ nJmamMr Mm¡H$er H$aVmV, Vmo H$m` ? lr~m~m§Zr H$moQ>mMo {Igo MmMnco
Am{U n¡go gmnS>V ZmhrV åhQ>ë`mda hgco d åhUVmV, ""AmO gJù`m nJmamMo XmZ
Ë`m {^H$mè`mcm KS>cogo dmQ>Vo.''
`m àg§JmZo _mÌ lrAmB©gmho~ WmoS>çmem H$miOrV nS>ë`mgma»`m Pmë`m.
lr~m~m§À`m Am°{\$gmVrc EH$ AmoH$ ZmdmMo J¥hñW Ë`m§À`m n[aM`mMo hmoVo.
lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m Kar OmD$Z KS>cocm àH$ma Ë`m§À`m H$mZmda KmVcm. Ë`m§Zr
hr Jmoï> lr~m~m§À`m Am°{\$gmVrc d[að> A{YH$mè`mcm gm§{JVcr. Ë`m§Zr {dMma H$ê$Z
Agm {ZU©` KoVcm H$s BV:na nJmamMr a¸$_ lr~m~m§À`m hmVr Úmd`mMr Zmhr. Ë`m§Mr
\$º$ nJmanÌH$mda ghr ¿`m`Mr Am{U nJma Am°{\$gÀ`m {enm`mH$adr Ë`m§À`m

nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrb ZmoH$ar / 39
gm¡^m½`dVtÀ`m hmVmV gwnXy © H$am`Mm. hm {Z`_ eodQ>n`ªV VgmM Mmcy hmoVm.
Aem AmË_mZ§XmV a§Jcoë`m {d^yVrMmgwÕm _Ëga, Ûof H$aUmar _mUgo Ë`m§À`m
Am°{\$gmV hmoVr. Ë`m _§S>itZr lr~m~m§Mr ZmcñVr H$aÊ`mgmR>r d[að>m§H$S>o
""lr.Ama.E.ghò~wÕo Am°{\$gmV C{eam `oVmV. Ë`m§Mo H$m_mH$S>o cj ZgVo. OmJoda
~gyZ \$º$ am_Zm_ {chrV AgVmV. H$MoarV doS>çmà_mUo dmJVmV,'' Aem AZoH$
VH«$matZr ^acocm AO© gøm H$ê$Z nmR>{dcm. da gmho~m§Zm Aer {dZ§Vrhr Ho$cr H$s,
""gmho~m§Zr `mMm nyU© Vnmg H$amdm åhUOo `m ÌmgmVyZ Am_Mr gwQ>H$m hmoB©c.''
dmñV{dH$ nmhmVm lr~m~m§gma»`m _hmËå`mH$Sy>Z H$sS>_J§w rcmgwÕm H$gcrhr nrS>m
nmohmoMV Zgo, {VWo H$m_mdarc ghH$mè`m§Mr H$m` H$Wm ? {edm` lr~m~m Am°{\$gmV
H$Yrhr C{eam Amco AmhoV, Ago Hw$Umcm åhUVm `oUma Zmhr. {H$Vr Var doim Vo Am°{\$gmV
doido a nmohmoMVm `mdo åhUyZ Z OodVmXoIrc Kam~mhoa nS>V AgV. Aem n[apñWVrV `m
_§S>itZr XmoZMma doim nwÝhmnwÝhm AO© H$ê$Z lr~m~m§Zm {ZîH$maU N>iÊ`mMm M§J ~m§Ycm.
nwT>o EH$ {Xdg Agm Amcm. ^a nmdgmMo {Xdg hmoV.o _w~§ B©V H$_mcrMr A{Vd¥ï>r
hmoD$Z gd© añVo Oc_` Pmco hmoV.o éim§da nmUr gmMyZ aoëdoJmS>çmXoIrc ~§X nS>ë`m
hmoË`m. Aer nmir _w§~mnwarda Ë`m H$mimVXoIrc nmdgmù`mV MmanmM doim `oV
Ago. ehamVgwÕm J„r~moi nmÊ`mZo Vw~§ ë`m_wio OZOrdZ nma {dñH$irV hmoD$Z, Ë`m
{Xder Hw$Urhr Kam~mhoa nS>co ZìhVo. nU Ë`m _wgiYma nmdgmV XoIrc lr~m~m
Am°{\$gmV doido a hOa Pmco. Vo Am°{\$gmV OmVmZm Q´>_° -~g dJ¡aM o r JXu Q>miÊ`mgmR>r
KmoS>çmda ~gyZ OmV AgV. Ë`m_wio hr gd© XiUdiUmMr `m§{ÌH$ gmYZo Oar
nmdgm_wio ~§X nS>cr hmoVr, Var Ë`m gOrd dmhZmZo _mÌ lr~m~m§Zm Am°{\$gmV gwIê$n
Am{U doioda nmohmoMVo Ho$co.
H$nS>o qM~ {^Ococ,o Aem AdñWoV lr~m~m Am°{\$gmV Amnë`m IwMuV OmD$Z
~gco. gXam, H$moQ> dJ¡ao H$mTy>Z {VWoM dmiV KmVco. A§Jmda Amoco YmoVa VgoM R>do Zy
H$m_mMo H$mJX nmhmÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr. WmoS>çmM doimV nyUn© Uo H$m_mV a§JZy Joc.o
AmOw~mOycm H$moUrhr ghH$mar Am{U H$maHy$Z _§S>ir H$m_mda Amcocr ZmhrV `mMrXoIrc
Ë`m§Zm OmUrd Pmcr Zmhr. H$MoarV Ë`m {Xder lr~m~m§ì`{V[aº$ \$º$ EH$ {enmB© Am{U
EH$ ZmB©H$ åhUOo _w»` {enmB© hr XmoZM _mUgo H$m_mda hOa hmoVr. Ë`m XmoKm§Zmhr
lr~m~m§Mm hm AO~ àH$ma nmhÿZ AM§~m dmQ>cm.
`moJm`moJmZoM Am°{\$gMm d[að> `wamo{n` A{YH$mar Ë`mM {Xder Am°{\$gMr VnmgUr
H$amd`mg Amcm. H$MoarV ewH$ewH$mQ> nmhÿZ Ë`mZo {enm`mH$S>o {dMmanyg Ho$cr. {enm`mZo

40 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

gm§{JVco, ""AmO EH$Q>o ghò~wÕogmho~ \$º$ H$m_mda Amcoco AmhoV.'' Vmo `wamo{n`
A{YH$margwÕm M{H$V Pmcm. Ë`mÀ`m H$mZmdaXoIrc lr~m~m Am°{\$gmV C{eam `oVmV,
Aem AOm©Mr ~mV_r Jocr hmoVr. Hw$VwhcmZo Vmo lr~m~m§À`m Q>~o cmnmer Amcm. Ë`m§Mo
Amoco YmoVa, ~mOycm dmiV KmVcoco H$nS>o Am{U gH$minmgyZ hmVmdoJio Ho$coco
H$m_mMo H$mJX nmhÿZ Vmo MH« mdyZM Jocm. H$m_mV JTy>Z Jocoë`m lr~m~m§Zm Ë`mZo
{dMmaco, ""BVŠ`m nmdgmV Vwåhr H$go H$m` AmcmV ?'' lr~m~m§Zr em§VnUo CÎma
{Xco, ""nmdgm_wio _cm H$mhr \$aH$ nS>V Zmhr, H$maU _r KmoS>çmda ~gyZ Am°{\$gmV
`oVmo. _cm doido a AmcoM nm{hOo H$maU _r Ë`m~Ôc nJma KoVmo Zm ! _J Oa _r doido a
Amcmo Zmhr AWdm MmoI H$m_ Z H$aVm \w$H$Q>Mm nJma KoVcm Va, Vo Xodmcm H$g§ H$m`
AmdS>c o ? Xwgar Jmoï> åhUOo XodmcmgwÕm ñdH$V©ì`mer EH${Zð> AgUmam _Zwî`M
{à` AgVmo. H$V©ì`nmcZ hrM XodmMr Iar nyOm !''
`wamo{n` A{YH$mè`mg M{H$V Ho$co.
Vmo `wamo{n` A{YH$mar lr~m~m§À`m CÎmamZo \$maM à^m{dV Pmcm. Z§Va nwÝhm VrZMma
doim lr~m~m§À`m dº$eranUmMr Ë`mZo OmVrZo ImVaO_m H$ê$Z KoVcr. OmVmZm eoa~o Hw $mV
lr~m~m§Mm Jm¡adnyU© eãXmV C„oI H$ê$Z R>do cm. ""`m nwT>o `m§À`m{déÕ H$moUr VH«$ma,
AO© dJ¡ao Ho$ë`mg Ë`m AOm©Mr H$gcrhr XIc KoD$ Z`o,'' Agm CÎm_ eoam {chÿZ Vmo
naV Jocm. ""`m§À`mBVH$m dº$era gmè`m Am°{\$gmV H$moUrhr Zmhr,'' Aer Ë`m§Zr
lr~m~m§Mr dmImUUr Ho$cr.
nwT>o Ë`mZo lr~m~m§À`m H$m_mMr narjm KoÊ`mMm ~oV AmIcm. EH$Xm gH$mir gmS>Xo hm
dmOVm Am°{\$g gwê$ hmoVmhmoVm Vmo gai lr~m~m§À`m Q>~o cmOdi Amcm. åhUmcm,
""Vw_À`m VrZ B_maVtMo H$m_ nwao Pmë`mMo Vwåhr gm§JVm, Va Ë`m§MrM AmO VnmgUr
H$ê$.'' Ago åhUyZ lr~m~m§À`m Odi ßc°ZMr _mJUr Ho$cr. `mda lr~m~m åhUmco,
""B_maVrM V`ma Pmë`mda ßc°Z H$emcm nm{hOo ? hdm Agoc Va B_maVtdê$Z ~Z{dVm
`oBc
© M !'' `mda Ë`m `wamo{n` A{YH$mè`mZo lr~m~m§H$S>o {VÝhr B_maVtMr _moO_mno
_m{JVcr. lr~m~m§Zr VmËH$mi nwT>çmVrc EH$ H$mJX AmoT>yZ Ë`mda hmVmVrc noZmZo
^am^a n{hë`m B_maVtMr g{dñVa _mno {chÿZ, Ë`m gmho~mÀ`m hmVmV Vmo H$mJX R>do cm.
lr~m~m§À`m H¥$VrVrc hr ghOVm nmhÿZ, Vmo B©fZ} o B_maVrMr _mno nS>VmiyZ nmhmÊ`mgmR>r
{ZKmcm. n{hë`m B_maVr Odi nmohmoMcm. hmVmImcÀ`m _oór, H$maHy$Z dJ¡ao cmoH$m§À`m
_XVrZo àË`j B_maVrMr _mno KoÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr. Xmao {IS>Š`m, q^Vr `m§Mr

nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrb ZmoH$ar / 41
H$mQ>Ho $moanUo _moO_mno KoD$ cmJco. EH$EH$ _mn _moOVmZm Ë`m§Mo Amü`© dmT>VM Joc,o
H$maU lr~m~m§Zr {Xcoë`m àË`oH$ _mnmV Am{U àË`j B_maVrV Ajae: Vgy^agwÕm
\$aH$ gmnS>cm Zmhr. gmho~mcm H$m¡VHw $ dmQ>c.o _J Xwgè`m d {Vgè`m B_maVtMr _mno
lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z {chÿZ KoVcr. Ë`m§MrgwÕm VnmgUr nyU© Ho$cr. àË`oH$ _mnZ²_mn Ogo
lr~m~m§Zr {chÿZ {Xco hmoVo Ë`m~ahþH$y _ hmoV.o
lr~m~m§À`m `m AVŠ`© ñ_aUeº$sMo Am{U JyT> H$m`©nÕVrMo gmho~mg Amü`© dmQ>c.o
na§Vw ""YmVm `Wm nyd_© H$ën`V²'' Agm Á`m§Mm _{h_m doXm§Zr Jm`cm Amho, {VWo XmoZVrZ
B_maVtMr _mno Ë`m§Zm kmV AgUo `mV {deof Vo H$m` ? gmho~ åhUmcm, ""Á`m§Mr ñ_aUeº$s
BVH$s AOmoS> Amho Am{U ~gë`m OmJr {VÝhr B_maVtMr _mno Or ì`º$s {chÿZ XoVo Vr H$m_mV
Va~oO Amho qH$dm Zmhr dm H$MoarV H$m_mV Xj Amho qH$dm Zmhr ho _wÔMo AàñVwV AmhoV.
`m§Mr H$m_mMr nÕVM AO~ Amho. BV:na `m§À`m~Ôc H$moUrhr AO© Ho$ë`mg Ë`mMr A{O~mV
XIc Z KoVm gai \$mB©c H$ê$Z Q>mH$mdm,'' Agm coIr eoam Ë`m `wamo{n` A{YH$mè`mZo
Amnë`m [anmoQ_>© Ü`o {c{hë`mZ§Va gmh{OH$M lr~m~m§Mm Ûof H$aUmè`m§Mr hdmM {ZKyZ Jocr.
_J Ë`m gdmªZm ~mocmdyZ gmho~mZo Ë`m§Mr Mm§JcrM IaS>nÅ>r H$mT>cr d `mnwT>o Oa H$moUr
ghò~wÕgo mho~m§Zm Ìmg XoBc © Va Ë`mMr J` Ho$cr OmUma Zmhr Agm gÁOS> X_ ^acm.
lr~m~m§À`m _mJMm Am°{\$g_Yrc Ìmg `m àg§JmZ§Va Wm§~cm. na§Vw Vo ñdV: Agë`m
Jmoï>tMm hf© dm IoX _mZÊ`mÀ`m ncrH$S>o Joco hmoV.o
lr~m~m§Zm gZ 1914 _Ü`o H$moëhmnyabm AgVmZm EH$ _wcJm Pmcm hmoVm. na§Vw Vmo
Anwè`m {Xdgm§Mm, AmR> _{hÝ`m§MmM OÝ_bm d nwT>o gZ 1915-16 _Ü`o OwÞa _w¸$m_r
AgVmZm Ë`mMo {ZYZ Pmbo. Ë`mZ§Va ~arM df} Jocr nU g§VmZ hmoV Zmhr åhUyZ BVa
_§S>itÀ`m AmJ«hmdê$Z Ë`m§Zr Zmam`U ZmJ~ir hm {dYr H$aÊ`mMo _mÝ` Ho$co. Zm{eH$Mo
lr.{edam_n§V Im§S>Ho $a ZmdmÀ`m Amnë`m EH$m Jwé~§YH§y $S>o lr~m~m ghHw$Qw>~§ CVaco hmoV.o
VoWZy C^`Vm nVr-nËZr lrjoÌ Í`§~Ho$œa `oWo Jocr. lrZmam`U ZmJ~ir {dYr lr~m~m§Zr
VoWo `Wmgm§J nma nmS>cm. VrZ {Xdg VoWo amhÿZ nwÝhm XmoKOo U Zm{eH$cm Amco. VoWo
lr.Im§S>Ho $a `m§À`mH$S>o Mma {Xdg amhÿZ _J _w~§ B©cm Amco. hr KQ>Zm gZ 1924 _Yrc
hmoVr. Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zm 27.8.1926 amoOr H$Ý`maËZ cm^co. {VMo Zmd eHw$§ Vcm Ago
R>do Ê`mV Amco. {Vcm H$m¡VHw $mZo {M_Ur, {M_mVmB© Agohr åhUV AgV.
lr~m~m§Mr CÝ_Zr AdñWm
gZ 1925-26 gmcmÀ`m Xaå`mZ lr~m~m§Zm CÝ_Zr AdñWm àmßV Pmcr. {ZÐm

42 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

gmoS>yZ Jocr. H$mhrhr Z ~mocVm EH$m OmJr VmgZ²Vmg ~gyZ amhÿ cmJco. g§gmamV Ë`m§Mo
nydugwÕm {MÎm ZìhVoM, nU AmVm Va g§gmamMm nyU©nUo Ë`mJ Ho$cm. AI§S>
ñdê$nÜ`mZmMm EH$M N>X§ cmJcm. ñÌr-nwéf, _r-_mPo hm ^oX^md c`mcm Jocm.
OZH$amOmg_mZ nyU© {dXohr AdñWoV lr~m~m a§JZy Joc.o àË`oH$mÀ`m R>m`r B©œamMo Xe©Z
¿`mdo, Ë`m ì`º$scm gmï>mJ§ Z_ñH$ma Kmcmdm Aer d§XZ^º$sMr n[agr_m Pmcr.
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO g§{já gX²Jéw M[aÌmV lr~m~m§Mo dU©Z H$aVmV,
g§gmarMo cj CS>mco g§nU y © Ÿ& AI§S>rV Ü`mZ AmË_ê$nr§ Ÿ&&
Zgo Xoh^mZ Zg§o Vo ~mocUo Ÿ& AmkmMH«$-noUo§ C„§{Kco§ Ÿ&&
àUdmÀ`m _mÌm EH$Ì Ë`m hmoVr Ÿ& Am{U {_giVr EHo$ R>m`r Ÿ&&
AY©_mÌo_mOr gmao§ Pmc§o crZ Ÿ& Vio§ Cc§S>mZo A_¥V òdo Ÿ&&
q~Xy_mOr gmao Joco§ gm_mdmoZ Ÿ& q~Xwco§ \$moS>mZo n¡c Joco Ÿ&&
eoIr§ ghòXir Omhco _rcZ Ÿ& Joc§o _r-Vy nU hmanmoZr Ÿ&&
_r Vy§ EoŠ`m Amco§ XwOn§o U Joco| Ÿ& {dœ Ydico§ ~«÷mZ§X§o Ÿ&&
àH¥$Vr-nwéf {Z_mcm ngmam Ÿ& Xoh^md Iam _mdicm Ÿ&&
Xohr§M AgmoZ Omhco {dXohr Ÿ& d¥Îmr ~«÷mR>m`r§ crZ Pmcr Ÿ&&
eãXmVrV pñWVr AZw^dmgr na Ÿ& Jocm ZmarZa ^oX^md Ÿ&&
Ad¿`m R>m`r§ Xod {Xgo Z`Zmg Ÿ& Omhco CXmg XohY_v Ÿ&&
Eog§o gm_añ` hmodmo{Z`m§ R>co §o Ÿ& g§nU
y © {damc| ~mø ^mZ Ÿ&&
CÝ_Zr AdñWm Vodr§ ~mc^md Ÿ& Omhco§ d¡^d àmá Ë`m§gr Ÿ&&
(g§{já gX²>Jwé-M[aÌ 5:98-110)
lr~m~m§À`m {dXohr AdñWo_iw o lrAmB©gmho~ \$maM qMVmVwa Pmë`m. nVrMm gm§^mi
H$gm H$amdm hoM Ë`m§Zm H$ioZm. OodUImU, ZmoH$ar H$emVM lr~m~m§Mo {MÎm Zgo.
H$moUrhr Odi `oBc © Ë`mÀ`m nm`m nS>mdo, gVV ^mdmdñWoV ñdV:cm hadyZ ~gmdo
Agm àH$ma Mmcy Pmcm. Am°{\$gmV Ë`m§À`m àË`oH$mcm Z_ñH$ma KmcÊ`m_wio ho doS>o dm
^«{_ï> Pmco AmhoV Agm gdmªMm n¸$m g_O Pmcm.
lr~m~m§Mm EH$ d[að> A{YH$mar `wamo{n` J¥hñW Ë`m§Zm åhUmcm, ""Vw_Mo dmJUo
IamoIa Xod_mUgmà_mUo Amho. Am°[\$gÀ`m H$m_mVgwÕm Vwåhr dmH$~Jma AmhmV. Vw_À`m
H$m_m_wio gaH$maH$S>o _mPr Mm§Jcr {e\$mag hmoVo.'' ho EoH$VmM lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mcm

nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrb ZmoH$ar / 43
gmï>mJ§ Z_ñH$ma KmVcm d åhUmco, ""Vwåhmcm _rM H$emcm hdm ? _mÂ`m hmVmImcMm
_Zwî` _mÂ`m OmJoda ~g{dcmV Va VmogÕ w m _mÂ`mgmaIoM H$m_ H$arc. Vwåhr _cm
_moH$im H$am. _r Vwåhmcm Ë`mMr ImÌr XoVmo.''
Vmo gmho~ {ZéÎma hmoD$Z lr~m~m§H$S>o nmhmV am{hcm.
doS>çm§À`m BpñnVimV admZJr
lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m _mhoaMr _§S>ir d BVa ZmVodmB©H$ `m§Zr lr~m~m doS>o Pmco Agm
R>m_ J«h H$ê$Z KoVcm hmoVm. lrAmB©gmho~ `m_wio A{YH$M Jm§Jê$Z Joë`m. Ë`m§Mo
ZmVodmB©H$ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§ZmXoIrc {eì`memn XoD$ cmJco. Ë`m§À`m_wio Am_À`m
_wcrÀ`m g§gmamMo dmQ>mi o o Pmco Ago Á`mcm Ë`mcm gm§JÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zr gnmQ>m cmdcm.
lr~m~m§Mo _oìhUo lr.Zmam`Uamd ~moS>g `m§Zr, `oadS>m `oWrc _|Q>c-hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o
lr~m~m§Zm XmIc H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dco. lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm ZmZm àH$mao nQ>{dÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zr
à`ËZ Ho$cm. {ÛYm _Z:pñWVrV gmnS>coë`m lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr _moR>çm Xw:ImZo
dS>rc~§YÀ§y `m {ZU©`mcm g§_Vr {Xcr. Ë`m§Mr àH¥$VrXoIrc Ë`m§Zm gmVdm _{hZm Mmcy
Agë`m_wi,o _Z:ñVmn ghZ H$ê$ eH$Ê`mg Ag_W© hmoVr. {edm` lr~m~m§Mo dmJUo
{Xdg|{Xdg Hw$UmcmM g_OÊ`mÀ`m ncrH$S>o Mmcco hmoV.o EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr KamV YwZr
noQ>dyZ Ë`mV H$aÝgr ZmoQ>m§Mr AmhþVr {Xcr. H$YrH$Yr ñdV:g^modVr cmH$S>o noQ>dyZ
R>do m`Mo. cmoH$m§À`m A§Jmda YmdyZ Om`Mo. H$mhr doim Vo AÞnmUrgwÕm dÁ`© H$arV
AgV. `mhr H$mcI§S>mV Ë`m§Mo lrAmB©gmho~m§er dmJUo AJXr gai Ago. OUy H$mhr
g§gmamV nËZrÀ`m {dMmamZo MmcÊ`m{df`rÀ`m Jwdm©kM o o Vem AdñWoVgwÕm lr~m~m§Zm
ñ_aU hmoV.o
lr~m~m§Zm doS>çmÀ`m hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o XmIc H$aÊ`mV `oUma Agë`mMr Hw$UHw$U,
Ë`m§À`m H$mhr Jwé~§YZ§y m VgoM lr~m~m§À`m Amám§Zm cmJcr, Voìhm Vo gd© AñdñW
Pmco. lr~m~m§Mo YmH$Q>o ~§Yy lr.h[a^mD$ `m§Zm hr ~mV_r H$iVmM Vo VmËH$mi dm§Ðçmcm
am§JUoH$admS>rVrc lr~m~m§À`m Kar Amco. lr.h[a^mD§$Zr ""AmnU lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§À`m
gX²Jwé§À`m, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV XmoZMma _{hZo R>ody`m åhUOo Vo em§V hmoVrc
Am{U Ë`m§À`mV H$mhr gwYmaUmhr hmoB©c,'' Ago namonarZo gm§JyZ nm{hco. lr.~Ý`m~mny
Omoer (lr~m~m§Mm ^mMm d gmSy>) `m§Zrhr lr~m~m§Zm ""AmnU OwÞacm Am_À`mH$S>o
`oD$Z amhm,'' Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$cr hmoVr nU lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mcm, ""Vy naV Om. _mPr
H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$mog. _cm H$mhrhr hmoUma Zmhr,'' Ago gm§JZy naV nmR>{dco. lr~m~m§da

44 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

S>m°ŠQ>a-d¡Úm§Mo CnMma Mmcy hmoVoM. lr.Zmam`Uamd ~moS>g `m§Zr H$moUmMohr Z _mZVm
lr~m~m§Zm _|Q>c hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o ZoÊ`mMr V`mar Ho$cr. `oadS>çmcm OmÊ`mnydu lr~m~m§À`m
BÀN>ào _mUo Ë`m§Zm nwÊ`mg lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV, Ë`m§À`m gX²>Jéw À§ `m Xe©ZmgmR>r
Zoco hmoVo. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§Zr EH$ nÌ {chÿZ Amnë`m gX²Jwé§À`m g_mYrg_moa R>odco.
Ë`mV ^mdZm{dde hmoD$Z {c{hcocm Agm ~amM _OHy$a hmoVm d eodQ>r {c{hco hmoV,o
""_hmamO, _r Ia§M doS>m Amho H$m hmo ?'' Ë`m doir _R>mV AgUmè`m lr.dmgwAÊUm
^mJdV d BVa _§S>itZm lr~m~m§Zm _|Q>c hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o nmR>{dco OmV Agë`mMo
nmhÿZ \$ma Xw:I Pmco, nU Vo H$mhrhr H$ê$ eH$V ZìhVo.
lr~m~m§Mo _oìhUo lr. Zmam`Uamd ~moS>g `m§Zr, Ë`m§Mo EH$ ñZohr lr.^mQ>dS>oH$a
Am{U EH$ nmocrg ~amo~a KoD$Z EH$m ñnoec Q>°ŠgrZo lr~m~m§Zm `oadS>çmg Zoco.
Q>Š° grV ~gVmZm lr~m~m EdT>M o åhUmco, ""H$ico, Vwåhr Amåhmcm VwéJ§ mV ZoUma
AmhmV !'' OmVmZm lr~m~m§Zr H$gcmhr {damoY AWdm à{VH$ma Xe©{dcm Zmhr.
lr~m~m {XZm§H$ 14.6.1926 amoOr _Ü`dVu _Zmoé½Umc` (_|Q>c hm°pñnQ>c)
`oWo XmIc Pmco. VoWrc S>mŠ° Q>am§Zr lr~m~m§Zm VnmgyZ Ë`m§À`m ì`mYrMo {ZXmZ Men-
tal Defect Melancholia Ago Ho$co. d[að> S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Ë`m§Mr VnmgUr H$ê$Z Agm
{ZîH$f© H$mT>cm, H$s Ë`m§Zm H$gcmhr _Zmo{dH$ma ZgyZ, hr Vrd« {daº$s Amho. Vo doS>o
ZgyZ VÎdk AmhoV. OJmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Omo ñdmW© g_Ocm OmVmo Ë`mMm Ë`mJ H$ê$Z
na_mWm©cm ho ñdmW© _mZVmV, åhUyZM Ho$di BVam§À`m ZOaoVyZ ho doS>o R>aco AmhoV. ho
cjmV `oVmM lr~m~m§Mr ì`dñWm BVa é½Um§nmgyZ ñdV§Ì H$aÊ`mV Amcr. hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o
AgVmZm S>mŠ° Q>a _§S>ir Ë`m§À`mer Adm§Va {df`m§da MMm© H$arV AgV. Voìhm Oa Vo
^mZmda Agco Va Ë`m§À`m àým§Mr gwì`dpñWV CÎmao XoV AgV. Ë`m§À`m ~w{Õ_ÎmoMo
VoO Ë`m§À`m CÎmam§VyZ àH$Q> hmoV Ago. Ë`m§À`m _wI_§S>cmda {XgUmar {Xì` à^m,
d¥ÎmtMr A§V_wI © Vm nmhÿZ S>mŠ° Q>am§À`m _ZmV Ë`m§À`m{df`r nyÁ` ^mdZm OmJ¥V Pmcr.
Ë`m§À`m gyMZo_wioM lr~m~m§Zm _|Q>c hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o Ë`mVë`mË`mV ~è`mn¡H$s dmJUyH$
{_iV Ago. lr~m~m ~hþVm§e H$mi EH$m OmJr ñdñW ~gyZ KmcdrV AgV. H$YrH$Yr
Ë`m§Zm H$mZm§V AmdmO `oV Agë`mMo ^mg hmoV AgV.
`oadS>çmÀ`m hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o dmñVì` AgVmZm lr~m~m§Mo YmH$Q>o ~§Yy lr.h[a^mD$
Ë`m§À`m ^oQ>rg Joco hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zm JOmÀ`m AmS> Agcoë`m AdñWoV ^oQ>VmZm Ë`m§Zm
^S>^Sy>Z Amco. Ë`m§À`m A§V:H$aUmMr ì`mHw$iVm lr~m~m§Zr OmUcr d åhUmco,
""h[a^mD$, VwPr _mPr ^oQ> AerM hmoÊ`mMm `moJ hmoVm.''

nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrb ZmoH$ar / 45
 lr~m~m§À`m `oadS>çmVrc dmñVì`mÀ`m H$mcI§S>mVM lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo {Xdg nyU©
hmoD$Z Ë`m àgyV Pmë`m d {X. 27 Am°JñQ> 1926 amoOr Ë`m§Zm H$Ý`maËZ àmßV Pmbo.
H$Ý`maËZ Pmë`mMo lr~m~m§Zm H$moUrVar gm§{JVco. Voìhm Vo åhUmco, ""~ao Pmco, _wcJr
Pmcr Zm ? eHw$Z Pmcm.'' Ë`m_wio _wcrMo Zmd "eHw§$Vcm' Ago R>odÊ`mV Amco.
àgyVrnydu H$mhr {Xdg lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m ~§Yy§Zr dm§Ðo `oWrc am§JUoH$a dmS>rVrc
{~èhmS>mVrc gd© gm_mZgw_mZmMr AmdamAmda H$ê$Z Vr OmJm gmoS>cr Am{U
lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm Vo OwÞa `oWo _mhoar ~mi§VnUmgmR>r KoD$Z Joco.
{M. eHw§$Vbm D$\©$ {M_Um~mB© {hMr OÝ_Hw§$S>br
6 4 ~w. ew. OÝ_ - lmdU d&& 5 eH$ 1848;
5 3
7
am.
j`Zm_ g§dËga
a.
8 ewH$« dma, {X. 27 Am°JñQ> 1926
2
e. OÝ_ZjÌ - A{œZr
9 11 1
Ho$. Jw. M§. _§. MaU - n«W_ amg - _of
10 12 c¾ - qgh `moZr - Aœ
JU - Xod ZmS>r - AmÚ
BpñnVimVyZ _wº$Vm d BÝìh°{cS> noÝeZ
gZ 1926 _Ü`o lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy S>m°.{ZamoIoH$a nwÊ`mcm Amcoco AgVmZm
lr~m~m§Zm _|Q>c hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o R>odë`mMr h{H$H$V Ë`m§Zm H$icr. Vo Vm~S>Vmo~
lr~m~m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Joco. Ë`m§Zm nmhkVmM lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {_R>r _macr. nwT>o
lr.h[a^mD$, lr.dmgwAÊUm ^mJdV, g~OÁO lr.AÊUmgmho~ Jwáo (lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Y)y
`m gd© _§S>itÀ`m à`ËZmZo lr~m~m§Zm {X.23 _mM© 1927 amoOr _Zmoé½Umc`mVyZ _wº$
H$a{dÊ`mV Amco.
`oadS>çmhÿZ lr~m~m H$mhr {Xdg OwÞa `oWo OmD$Z am{hco. lrAmB©gmho~ d gmV
_{hÝ`mMr H$Ý`m {M.eHw$§ Vcm D$\©$ {M_mVmB© ho VoWM o hmoV.o WmoS>çmM {Xdgm§Zr Ë`m XmoKm§Zm
KoD$Z lr~m~m _w~§ B©cm ZmoH$arda hOa hmoÊ`mgmR>r Amco. dm§ÐçmMo {~èhmS> nyduM _moS>co
hmoV,o Ë`m_wio XmXa `oWo Im§S>H$o {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o ZdrZ {~èhmS> WmQ>c.o ZmoH$arda Oar hOa
Pmco Agco Var {Z`{_VnUo H$m_mda OmUo KS>V Zgo. d¥Îmr nydunojm H$mhrer em§V hmoVr
na§Vw {dXohr AdñWm nyduà_mUoM hmoVr. ñZohr d Jwé~§Yy `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm BÝìh°{cS> noÝeZ

46 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

KoÊ`mg amOr Ho$co. lr~m~m§Zr Vr Jmoï> _mÝ` H$ê$Z gZ 1928 _Ü`o noÝeZ XoD$Z Amnë`mcm
godm_wº$ H$aÊ`mV `mdo Agm AO© Amnë`m d[að>mH§ $S>o nmR>{dcm. AO© goH$«o Q>arH$S>o nmohmoMcm.
Vmo `wamo{n` A{YH$mar hmoVm. lr~m~m§Zm ~moc{dÊ`mV Amco. g_j Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z lr~m~m§Mr
{Zd¥{Îmnyda© Om _§Oay H$aÊ`mV Amcr. gd© d[að> A{YH$mè`m§Mm lr~m~m§Zr {Zamon KoVcm.
""Amåhr AmVm eodQ>Mm Z_ñH$ma AmnUmcm H$aVmo. AmVm Amåhr noÝeZ KoD$Z Kar
Mmccmo. Am_À`m AOm©~Ôc `mo½` Vr H$m`©dmhr H$aÊ`mMo ~m~VrV Amnco cj Agy
Úm.'' Ago åhUyZ lr~m~m ZmoH$arÀ`m nmemVyZ _wº$ hmoD$Z Kar ~gco. S>mŠ° Q>ar VnmgUr
dJ¡ao hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zm "BÝìh°{cS>' åhUOo ZmoH$ar H$aÊ`mg Ag_W© Ago g{Q>{© \$Ho$Q> {_imco.
ImË`mVrc d[að> A{YH$mè`m§À`m eoè`m§gh Vmo AO© eodQ>r goH$«o Q>ar, nr.S>ãë`y.S>r. `m
gdm}ÀM `wamo{n` d[að> A{YH$mè`mH$S>o Jocm.
hm `wamo{n` A{YH$mar Ë`mMr qhXwñVmZmVrc ZmoH$arMr _wXV g§ndyZ naV {dcm`Vocm
_m`Xoer {ZKmcm hmoVm. AdKo AmR>-Xhm {Xdg ~mH$s hmoV.o na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m~Ôc
Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV Agcoë`m AmXa^mdZo_i w o Ë`mZo ^am^a gd© Amdí`H$ Jmoï>tMr nyVV© m
ñdV: Ho$cr. gpìh©g~wH$, gd© d¡ÚH$s` Ahdmc, g§~{§ YV A{YH$mè`m§Mo eoao BË`mXr
gd© Jmoï>r Ë`mZo OmVrZo cj KmcyZ EH${ÌV Ho$ë`m. lr~m~m§Zm BÝìh°{cS> R>adyZ noÝeZ
_§Oya H$adyZ KoVco. Ë`mgmR>r Vmo `wamo{n`Z A{YH$mar ñdV: AH$mC§Q>§Q> OZacÀ`m
Am°{\$g_Ü`o OmD$Z ghr{eŠŠ`mgh _§OwarMo H$mJXnÌ nr.S>ãë`y.S>r. Am°{\$g_Ü`o
KoD$Z Amcm. gd© ~m~r nyU© Pmë`mda {Zd¥Îmr d noÝeZ _§Oaw rMo nÌ lr~m~m§H$S>o nmohmoMVo
Ho$co Joco Am{U _JM Vmo goHo«$Q>ar EH$XmoZ {XdgmV B§½c§S>cm OmÊ`mgmR>r ~moQ>rV
MT>cm. {X.11 Am°ŠQ>m~o a 1928 nmgyZ lr~m~m§Zm BÝìh°{cS> noÝeZ cmJy Pmco. noÝeZ
Xa_hm Mm¡è`m§er én`o ~gco. nwT>o _hmJmB© ^Îmm åhUyZ ghm én`o EH$ AmUm A{YH$
{_iy cmJco. ZmoH$arVyZ _wº$Vm Pmcr, EH$ nme VwQ>cm åhUyZ lr~m~m§Zr AmZ§XM
_mZcm. ZmoH$ar gwQ>VmM _w§~B©Vrc {~èhmS> Jw§S>miyZ lr~m~m naV nwÊ`mg Amco.
***

nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Yrb ZmoH$ar / 47
 nwÊ`mV nwZamJ_Z
nr.S>ãë`y.S>r. ImË`mVyZ, d¡ÚH$s` H$maU XmIdyZ lr~m~m {Zd¥Îm Pmco. gZ 1928
À`m AIoarg lr~m~m nwÝhm nwÊ`mV amhmd`mg Amco, Vo eodQ>n`ªV nwÊ`mVM am{hco.
gX²Jwé§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mMr AmoT> BVH$s Vrd« hmoVr, H$s {~èhmS> Ho$co VogwÕm ~rS>H$a
_R>meoOmaÀ`m {^S>do mS>çmV. gd© Jwé~§YÀ§y `m ^oQ>r Pmë`m. VrZ df} {^S>çm§À`m dmS>çmV
amhÿZ Vr OmJm gmoS>cr d 36 Zmam`U noR>, Yw_midmS>m `oWo amhmd`mg Amco. hr
OmJmgwÕm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mnmgyZ OdiM hmoVr. gZ 1931 gmcmV Vo `m
OmJoV Amco d `mM dmSçmV Ë`m§Zr Xoh R>do cm.
gwédmVrcm OdiOdi g§nU y © n{hcm _Ocm lr~m~m§À`mH$S>M o ^mS>çmZo hmoVm.
\$º$ XmoZ Imoë`m lr.amOJwê$ ZmdmÀ`m J¥hñWm§H$S>o hmoË`m. gm¡.XwJm©VmB© XjVoZo lr~m~m§Mm
g§gma MmcdrV hmoË`m. Vo ñdV: _mÌ AI§S> AmË_ñdê$nmVM X§J AgV. _wÐm gX¡d
àgÞ, Ñï>r D$Üd©, XohmMo ^mZ nyU©nUo gwQ>coco, Aem pñWVrV lr~m~m§Zm cmoH$m§Zr
nm{hco. _ZmV Amco H$s CR>m`Mo Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Om`Mo. dmQ>Vo
Omo H$moUr _R>mVrc _Zwî` dm àmUr ^oQ>c o Vo Ë`mcm Vo gmï>mJ§ X§S>dV KmcrV. _J Vmo
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mVrc nmUŠ`m Agmo dm _R>mÀ`m nm`è`m CVaUmao _m§Oa
Agmo. gX²Jwé§H$Sy>Z H$moUrhr Amco åhQ>co H$s Ë`m§À`m {MÎmd¥Îmr CM§~iyZ `oV, Ë`mcmM
gX²>Jwéñdê$n _mZyZ Ë`mMo nm` Yê$Z d§XZ H$arV. ""Oo Oo ^o{Q>Oo ^yV, Vo _m{ZOo
gX²>Jéw ñdê$n'' Aer {MÎmmMr gX²>Jéw e § r EH$ê$n AdñWm {Z_m©U Pmcr.
Aer Acm¡{H$H$ d§XZ^º$s lr~m~m§ZrM H$amdr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV OmVmZm
àË`oH$ nm`arda S>mHo $o R>do rV Omdo, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m AmgZmnmer OmD$Z dma§dma
X§S>dV, cmoQ>mJ§ Uo Kmcmdr, g_m{YñWmZr H$mZ Yê$Z ZmH$ Kmgmdo. nc§Jmnmer OmD$Z nwÝhmnwÝhm
Z_ñH$ma H$amdoV, H$Yr aS>mdo, H$Yr hgmdo, Va H$Yr AmZ§X AZmda hmoD$Z ZmMmdo. AkmZr
cmoH$m§Zr ho Hw$Ur ^«{_ï> AmhoV Agm g_O H$ê$Z KoVcm ZgVm VaM Zdc.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m Vg{~arnwT>o C^o amhÿZ, ""_cm Amnë`m nm`mnmer R>odm,
_cm kmZ Úm, ^º$s Úm, _mÂ`mH$Sy>Z godm H$ê$Z ¿`m, _cm Xya cmoQ>y ZH$m,'' Aer
{dZdUr H$arV Ë`m§Mo X§S>dV KmcUo gwê$ hmoB.© _J lre§H$amMo Xe©Z KoV. _R>mVrc
{dÇ>c aIw_mBªÀ`m _yVvMo Xe©Z KoVmZm åhUm`Mo, ""Vwåhr AmB©gmho~m§Mm Ogm gm§^mi
Ho$cmV Vgm _mPm H$am.'' VoWZy _J _R>m_Yë`m ñd`§^y JUnVrMo Xe©Z KoV AgV.

48 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Ë`mcm d§XZ H$ê$Z _J `oV, _R>mVrc lr hZw_V§ mÀ`m g_moa ~amM doi Ë`m§Mr AmidUr
Mmco, ""gX²>Jwé§Zm Vy gmøH$mar Pmcmg. Ë`m§Zr VwPo AZwð>mZ H$aVmM Ë`m§Zm gX²>Jwé§À`m
^oQ>rMm _mJ© Vy XmIdcmg. _cmgwÕm Vy àgÞ hmo Am{U _mPo g§ajU H$a.'' _J
Am¡Xw§~amnmer `oD$Z _ñVH$ Q>oH$sV Am{U VoWyZ ñd`§nmH$J¥hmV AÞnyUm©_mVoMo Xe©Z
KoÊ`mg `oV AgV. {Vcm d§XZ H$arV. _R>mMo hoS>Q>´ñQ>r lr.dmgwAÊUm ^mJdV VoWM o
amhmV AgV. Ë`m§Zm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m ñWmZr _mZyZ gmï>mJ§ Z_ñH$ma KmcrV.
""_mÂ`mH$[aVm _hmamOm§Zm AmnU gm§Jm. coH$amcm Xya R>ody ZH$m. _mPm gm§^mi H$am.''
Aer namonarZo {dZdUr MmcV Ago. BVŠ`m {R>H$mUr Z_ñH$ma Pmë`mda _R>mV Ë`m
doir hOa Agcoë`m gd© ì`º$s¨Zm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOñdê$n _mZyZ Z_ñH$ma H$am`Mm.
`mVyZ VoWrc nmUŠ`m, XyYdmcm, _mocH$arU Hw$Urhr gwQ>V Zgo. Aem àH$mao {R>H${R>H$mUr
Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z lr~m~m g_mYrg_moa `oD$Z ~gV. ZoÌ CKS>M o AgV Am{U ~gë`mOmJr,
lr~m~m Oo ghO g_m{YAdñWoV OmV, Vo H$midoi H$emMohr ^mZ Ë`m§Zm amhmV Zgo.
Ooìhm Xohmda naV `oV, Voìhm CRy>Z nwÝhm Kar OmJoda `oD$Z ~gV. Agm {XdgmVyZ
{ÌH$mi Xe©ZmMm lr~m~m§Mm Zo_ Ago. {e„H$ am{hcoë`m doiVo ñdê$n-Ü`mZmV X§J
hmoD$Z amhmV. H$Yr VmgZ²Vmg hmVmV {Mnù`m Zmhr Va EH$Vmar KoD$Z ^OZmV a§JZy
Jocco o AgV.
Ho$ìhmHo$ìhm ImocrV {~N>mÝ`mda CVmUo {ZOcoco AgV. ^modVmcr CX~Î`m OiV
AgV. AmOy~mOycm, N>mVrda, IS>rgmIaoMo IS>o R>do coco AgV. A§JmV EH$eo nmM
{S>Jr« Vmn AgVmZmXoIrc Vo AmË_mZwgY§ mZmV X§J AgV. VŠŠ`mcm Q>Ho $y Z VmgZ²Vmg
EH$Q>H$ g_moa, ñdê$nmÀ`m R>m`r cj cmdyZ, nmnUrgwÕm Z hcdVm JmXrda ~gcoco
AgV. _ZmV Amco Va, CRy>Z H$YrH$Yr Am|H$maoœamÀ`m Xe©Zmcm OmV AgV.
lr~m~m§Mr Imocr AJXr hdm~§X Ago. {IS>Š`m§ZmgwÕm AmVyZ H$mJX {MH$Q>dZy
àH$memMm nwaVm ~§Xmo~ñV Ho$cocm Ago. hdm, COoS> `m§Zm _ÁOmd Agcoë`m Ë`m
ImocrV lr~m~m VmgZ²Vmg S>moio {_Qy>Z ~gcoco AgV. lrAmB©gmho~ (gm¡.XwJm©VmB©)
Ë`m§Zm OmJodaM MhmnmUr dJ¡ao ZoD$Z XoV AgV. ñZmZmgmR>r ~hþYm Xwnmar XmoZ dmOon`ªV
CR>V ZgV. lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr hmH$ _macr H$s \$º$ ^moOZmgmR>r Vo AmVë`m ImocrV
`oV. ¹${MV hmVm_Ü`o OnmMr _mi {XgV Ago. na§Vw ~hþYm Vo ZwgVoM Ü`mZmV _¾
AgV. amoOMr nyOm-AMm© lrAmB©gmho~m§H$S>o gmon{dcocr Ago. na§Vw ^mÐnXmV lrJUoe
MVwWunmgyZ AZ§V MVwXe © rn`ªVMo Xhmhr {Xdg nhmQ>o Mma dmOVm CRy>Z ñZmZ dJ¡ao
H$ê$Z `Wmgm§J lrJUoemMr, KamVrc Xodm§Mr nyOm Vo AmnUhÿZ Am{U Zo_mZo H$arV

nwÊ`mV nwZamJ_Z / 49
AgV. Eadr _mÌ ñZmZmgmR>r Ë`m§Zm ~io CR>dZy Ý`mdo cmJV Ago.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV CËgd Agcm H$s gH$mir ZD$ dmOVmM _wH$Q>m
Kê$ZM ZogZy {ZKV AgV. _R>mV Vo Hw$R>ë`mM H$m`©H$« _mV g{H«$` Agm ^mJ KoV ZgV,
VargwÕm Amnë`m R>acoë`m doir _R>mV OmÊ`mda _mÌ Ë`m§Mm H$Q>mj Ago. VoWo Joë`mda
EImÚm Im§~mcm Q>oHy$Z ñdñW ~gyZ amhmV AgV. ^OZ, H$sV©Z BË`mXr H$m`©H«$_
Agë`mg, _YyZM EImÚm doiog Pm§O dmOdrV d nwÝhm ñdñW ~gyZ amhmV.
^moOZàgmXmMo doir lr~m~m Amnë`mM V§ÐrV AgV. Ë`m§Mm Amhma AJXr WmoS>m
Agcm Var dmT>Umè`m _mUgmcm Vo hdo-ZH$mo H$mhrM åhUV ZgV. Vo åhUV, ""Vwåhr
_cm {H$Vrhr dmT>m, _mÂ`m nmoQ>mcm cmJoc VodT>M o _r ImB©Z.'' Ago Oar åhQ>co Var
àgmX nmZmV Q>mH$sV _mÌ ZgV. ~amM doi ~gyZ gJio nXmW© ImD$ZM CR>V.
OodU Pmë`mZ§Va gmodù`mZoM JmXrda ~gV. cmoH$ VoWo `oD$Z Ë`m§À`m nm`m nS>V
AgV. Hw$Ur åhUmco H$s, ""gmodio gmoS>yZ ~gm.'' Va ho åhUV, ""cmoH$m§Zm Agm
Z_ñH$ma H$aÊ`mZo Oa AmZ§X hmoV Agoc Va hmoD$ Úmdm. gmodù`mMo H$m` _moR>go o ? CÚm
YwdZy Q>mH$Vm `oBc
© .''
lr~m~m§À`m {dXohr AdñWo_Ü`ogÕ w m, H$YrH$Yr Vo A{Ve` ^mdyH$ Pmë`mMo Ñí`
^º$m§À`m Ñï>rg nS>.o lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m EH$m nwÊ`{VWr CËgdmg lr~m~m CnpñWV
AgVmZmMm hm n«gJ§ . nwÊ`{VWrMm H$m`©H$« _ Mmccm hmoVm. XwnmaMr doi hmoVr. lr~m~m
BVH$m doin`ªV Zoh_rà_mUo ñdê$nqMVZmV X§J hmoV.o na§Vw Ooìhm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m
XohË`mJmÀ`m àg§JmMr doi Odi Amcr Voìhm Ë`m§Mr _wÐm AË`§V J§^ra Pmcr. S>mù o `m§VZy
Q>nH$Z Aly AmoKico. eoOmar ~gcoë`m lr~m~m§À`m ^º$mcm ho nmhÿZ Amü`© dmQ>co d
Vmo lr~m~m§H$S>o Am¡ËgwŠ`mZo nmhÿ cmJcm. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Vw_Mo gX²>Jéw XohYmar
AmhoV, h`mV AmhoV åhUyZ Vwåhr \$ma AmdmS>md H$aVmhmV, na§Vw Am_Mo _hmamO
Amåhmcm BWo gmoS>yZ {ZamH$mamV Joc.o Ë`m {dahmMo Xw:I H$m` AgVo ho Vwåhmcm Zmhr
H$imd`mMo.'' EdT>o ~mocZy Vo H$mhr H$mi ñVãY Pmco. gX²Jéw {§ df`r lr~m~m§Mo öX`
Ho$dT>o hiwdma hmoVo ho Ë`m {Xder gdmªZm nmhmd`mg {_imco.
gmH$moarOdiÀ`m ~ocmnya `oWo amhmUmao S>m.° Zmam`Uamd _ohX| io ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW
lr~m~m§Mo ^º$ hmoV.o Ë`m§Mm ñd^md \$ma VmnQ> hmoVm. EH$ {Xdg amJmÀ`m ^amV, Ë`m§Zr
EH$m nmo{bgmÀ`mA§Jmda hmV Q>mH$cm. Ë`m nmo{bgmZo J¡adV©Z Ho$co hmoVo ho Oar Iao
Agco Var gaH$mar ZmoH$amda d Vohr nmo{bgmda hmV Q>mH$Uo, Ë`mcm ~wQ>mZr _maUo `mMm
J§^ra n[aUm_ hmoUo AQ>i hmoV.o n[aUm_mMm {dMma _ZmV `oVmM _mÌ Ë`m§Mr nmMmda

50 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

YmaU ~gcr. lr~m~m§Zm _Zmo_Z eaU OmD$Z AmVm VwåhrM _cm `mVyZ dmMdm Aer
Ë`m§Mr Ë`m§Zr H$éUm ^mH$cr. lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo Vo àH$aU {deof ~^«m Z hmoVm VoWM o
{_Q>co Am{U lr._ohX| ù`m§daMo A[aï> Q>ico.
nwT>o Xoh R>do Ê`mnydu EH$ {Xdg AJmoXa lr~m~m§Zr _ohX| i|Zm {Zamon nmR>{dcm, ""`mnwT>o
nmocrg dJ¡aZ| m _mahmU H$aÊ`mÀ`m \§$XmV nSy> Z`o. AmVm Amnco ajU H$aUmam BWyZ
nwT>o Hw$Urhr Zmhr.'' {Zamon {_imcm Am{U Xwgè`mM {Xder lr~m~m g_m{YñW Pmë`mMr
Vma `oD$Z WS>H$cr.
lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm, {eî`m§Zm lr~m~m§M,o Amnë`m gX²>Jéw M§ o
AZw^d gm§JV AgVmZm AZoH$dma åhUV, ""lr~m~m XohYmar AgVmZm _r A§Jmda
H$dMHw$§ S>co Agë`mà_mUo {Z^©` Ago. H$emMrM ^rVr ~miJÊ`mMr _cm JaO ^mgV
Zgo. {h_mc` nd©VmÀ`m XwJ_© ^mJmV _r Ordmda CXma Pmë`mà_mUo qhS>cmo `mMo H$maU,
gm§^mi H$aUmao lr~m~m AmhoV Aer _ZmMr ImÌr hmoVr åhUyZM ! AÞnmUr Ñï>rg
nS>md`mg AeŠ` Aem {ZO©Z àXoemV {Z:e§H$nUo g§Mma Ho$cm. Ë`m doir àË`j lrAÞnyUm©
_mCcrZo gwdU©WmirVyZ n§Mn¹$mÞm§Mo gwJm« g ^moOZ AmUyZ nwT>çmV R>do co. gX²>Jéw M§ o XohYmar
ApñVËd ho {eî`mÀ`m Eo{hH$ Am{U nma_m{W©H$ ajUmÀ`m Ñï>rZo \$ma _hÎdmMo AgVo.
AmÎmmhr Vo nmR>rer C^o AmhoV Am{U Ë`m§À`mM BÀN>Zo ,o _mÂ`m hmVyZ gd© H$mhr H$adyZ KoV
AmhoV. VarnU VoìhmÀ`mgmaIm AmVVm`r gmhgrnUm H$am`cm _Z YOV Zmhr.''
***

lrgX²Jwé-ñVwVr
Ago Omo gX²Jwé g{ƒXmZ§XKZŸ& {d_b~moYy kmZXmVm Omo H$sŸ &&1Ÿ&&
O`O` na_mZ§Xy gX²Jwé Vmo WmoaŸ& Ordm-{edmda nwéfmoÎm_wŸ &&2Ÿ&&
_m`m-~«÷ `m§À`m n¡b Omo H$s dgoŸ& gX²Jwéñdê$n H¡$g| ~moby§ eãXtŸ &&3Ÿ&&
eãXm§ O§o H$mZS>| {XŠH$mbmVrVŸ& OoW| {ZË`m{ZË` AmQy>{Z Om`Ÿ &&4Ÿ&&
O`mgr Cn_m Zgo OJr§ H$m§hrŸ& AZwnå` nmht gX²JwéénoŸ &&5Ÿ&&
EH$ doim {XR>r nSw>Zr hmoVm ^oQ>rŸ& hano AdKr g¥ï>r _m{`H$ hrŸ &&6Ÿ&&
AZw^dm{da{hV Ago {ZË` pñWVŸ& öXt O| dgV gd©H$miŸ &&7Ÿ&&
V`m lrgX²Jwé-ñdê$nr JOmZZmŸ& H$[aVmo d§XZm AmË_^md|Ÿ &&8Ÿ&&
amdgmho~ ~m~m Vmo{M H$s gX²JwéŸ& Yé{Z gJwU AmH$mé Ambo OJrŸ &&9Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

nwÊ`mV nwZamJ_Z / 51
 lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§da AZwJ«h
A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_WmªZr nwÝhm XohYmar hmoD$Z Amnë`m {eî`mMm g§àXm`
nwT>o Mmc{dcm. lr~m~m åhUOoM lrñdm_r g_W© Am{U `mH$[aVmM lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm
nwÝhm AdVrU© hmoUo àmá Pmco.
lr.JUoen§V {dîUy Omoer d gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© `m nwÊ`dmZ Xm§nË`mÀ`m nmoQ>r OÝ_
KoVcocm {M.{dÇ>c (lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO) hm Ad¿`m AR>am dfmªMm _wcJm
gX²Jéw ^oQ>rgmR>r VhmZZocm hmoVm. aËZm{Jar {OëømVrc nmo_S| >r ~wÐHþ $ JmdmhÿZ gZ 1929-
30 _Ü`o Ka gmoS>yZ Vmo nwÊ`mg Amcm. emoY KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$ê$ Z`o Aem AWm©Mr EH$
{MÇ>r KamV d{S>cm§gmR>r {chÿZ R>do cr hmoVr. _w~§ B©_mJ} nwÊ`mcm Amë`mda Ë`mZo lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Amgam KoVcm. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo EH$ {eî` lr.Zmam`U Ho$ed
amZS>o ho {M.{dÇ>cmÀ`m MwcV AmË`mMo `O_mZ hmoV.o Ë`m§À`mH$S>o ~mcnUr {M.{dÇ>cmZo
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌ dmMco hmoV.o Ë`m_wio {M.{dÇ>c åhUOo lr_hmamO nwÊ`mV
Amë`mda lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV CVaco. VoWo lr.dmgwAÊUm ^mJdV `m _R>mÀ`m
hoS>Q>´ñQ>tZr Ë`m§Zm Aml` {Xcm. lr.dmgwAÊUm ho lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy ñd^mdmZo \$ma
ào_i hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm am_JrVm dmMmd`mg {Xcr. _R>mV `oD$Z XmoZVrZ
{Xdg Pmco hmoV.o
EH$ {Xdg XwnmaÀ`m doir lr.dmgwAÊUm§À`m Odi ~gyZ lr_hmamO am_JrVm
dmMrV hmoV.o lr~m~m§Mm {ÌH$mc Xe©ZmgmR>r _R>mV `oUmMm Zo_ hmoVm. Ë`mà_mUo gd©
XodXodVm§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z Vo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m g_mYrg_moa ~gyZ, naV {ZKÊ`mnydu
lr_hmamO OoWo ~gco hmoV,o VoWM o ~mOycm EH$m nmQ>mda C^o am{hco. lr_hmamOm§Mo cj
dmMZmV EH$mJ« Pmë`mH$maUmZo Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m Odi `oD$Z C^o am{hë`mMo ^mZ ZìhVo.
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {dMmaco, ""H$m` ao {dR>m~o m, d{S>cm§Mr nadmZJr Z KoVm Kê$Z niyZ
Amcmg H$m` ?'' lr.dmgyAÊUm ^mJdVm§Zm CÔoeZy Vo nwT>o åhUmco, ""hm _cm A¸$cH$moQ>
ñdm_tÀ`m ñdê$nmV nmhmVmo.'' ho åhUV AgVmZm lr_hmamOm§H$S>o VO©Zr amoIcr.
lr_hmamOm§Mo cj Amnë`m {df`r ~mocUmar ì`º$s H$moU Amho `m {dMmamZo lr~m~m§H$S>o
doYco Joc.o nmhmVmV Vmo lr~m~m OmJrM ñVãY C^o hmoV.o lr_hmamO Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhmV
am{hco. nmhmVmnmhmVm lr~m~m§À`m ê$nmV nmcQ> KS>VmZm Ë`m§Zm {Xgy cmJcm. Ë`m§À`m
A§JmdaMo YmoVa H$moQ> hm dof OmD$Z H$m¡nrZYmar lrñdm_r g_WmªMo ê$n ÑJmoMa hmoD$

52 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

cmJco. Xwgè`m jUr lr~m~m§À`m {R>H$mUr, Ë`m nmQ>mda, EH$m àM§S> PmoVmÀ`m àH$memV
lrñdm_r g_WmªMr XoXrß`_mZ _yVu lr_hmamO nmhmV hmoV.o Ë`m VoOmZo Ë`m§Mo ZoÌ {XnyZ
Joc.o Vo Ü`mZ {ZaIy OmVm lr_hmamO ghOg_mYrV X§J Pmco. eara H§$n nmdV hmoV.o
ZoÌmVyZ AlyYmam dmhmV hmoË`m. _ñVH$ lr~m~m§À`m MaUH$_cm§da {dgmdco hmoVo.
lr.dmgwAÊUm§Zr Ë`m§Zm WmonQy>Z gmdY Ho$co. lr~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm Xwgè`m {Xder
Amnë`m Kar `oÊ`mg gm§{JVco d _R>mVyZ Kar {ZKmco. ^mdmdñWoMm ^a Amogaë`mda
lr_hmamOm§Zm dmgwAÊUm åhUmco, ""VwPo ^m½` Wmoa åhUyZ Vwcm lr~m~m _hmamOm§gmaIo
Wmoa gX²Jwé cm^co. AmVm CÚm Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmÊ`mg _mÌ MwHy$ ZH$mog. Ë`m§Mr H¥$nm
àmá H$ê$Z Ko.''
Xwgè`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§H$S>o OmÊ`mMr CËH$§R>m cmJyZ am{hcr hmoVr.
Vo Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m {~èhmS>r OmVmM Ë`m§Mo lr~m~m§Zr _moR>çm hf©^amZo
ñdmJV Ho$co. Ë`m§Zm Amnë`mOdi ~gdyZ KoVco d gm§{JVco, ""nwÊ`mV Agerc
Vmon`ªV amoO `oV Om. Vwcm H$gcm g§H$moM dmQ>m`cm ZH$mo. VwÂ`m OÝ_mnydu, _r aËZm{Jarcm
Vw_À`m Kar amhÿZ Amcmo Amho.'' BVahr AZoH$ Jmoï>r gm§{JVë`m. ^moOZmnydu H$mhr
H$mi ñdñW ~gÊ`mMr d ^moOZ J«hU H$aÊ`mnydu Ë`m AÞmMm gX²>Jwé§Zm Z¡doÚ
XmI{dÊ`mMr Amkm Ho$cr. Aer {ZË` gmYZm H$ê$Z ñdV:Mo H$ë`mU H$amdo Ago
gm§{JVco.
lr_hmamO Amkoà_mUo amoO lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg OmV AgV. lrAmB©gmho~ Ë`m§Zm
_mVoÀ`m ào_mZo H$mhrZm H$mhr ImÊ`mg XoV AgV. lr~m~m Ë`m§À`m nmR>rda hmV {\$adrV.
Ë`m doir Ë`m§À`m AZoH$ àH$maÀ`m Jmoï>r MmcV AgV.
Ë`m H$mimV lr~m~m§H$S>o cmoH$m§Mr {deof dX©i Ago. ZwH$VoM _w§~B©hÿZ BÝìh°{cS>
noÝeZ KoD$Z Amcoco Agë`m_wi,o cmoH$ Ë`m§Zm doS>o qH$dm ^«{_ï>M g_OV AgV.
lr_hmamOm§Zm gX²>Jwé§À`m ghdmgmMm AmZ§X `m H$mimV _Z_wamX cwQ>Vm Amcm.
AmË_kmZmMo ahñ` lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m ^mdr CÎmam{YH$mè`mÀ`m hmVr gwnyX© Ho$co.
ñdê$n g§àXm`mMm Ë`m§Zm CnXoe H$ê$Z ""AmnUmgm[aIo H$[aVr VmËH$mi'' `m
g§VdMZmà_mUo nyU© AZwJ«h H$ê$Z gX²JwénXmMo A{YH$mar Ho$co.
AZwJh« Ho$ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm nwÊ`mÀ`m H±$n ^mJm_Ü`o ""~m~mOmZ'' ZmdmÀ`m
EH$m A{YH$mar d¥Õ ñÌrÀ`m Xe©Zmg nmR>{dco. hr ñÌr gw_mao 127 df} d`mMr hmoVr.
{VMm nma_m{W©H$ A{YH$ma \$ma CÀM H$moQ>rMm hmoVm. hr W§S>rdmè`mV, CÝhmnmdgm§V
añË`mÀ`m H$S>c o m nSy>Z Ago. {dXohr AdñWo_Ü`oM Vr H$m`_ amhmV Ago. lr_hmamO

lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§da AZwJ«h / 53

{VÀ`m Xe©Zmcm Joco AgVmZm {VZo lr_hmamOm§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z ñdV:À`m hmVmZo
Ë`m§À`m _wImV àgmX ^a{dcm. dma§dma Ë`m§À`m nmR>rdê$Z hmV {\$adrV, Vm|S>mZo gmaIo
""YÝ` Voam XmVm ! YÝ` Voam XmVm !'' Ago CX²Jma H$mT>co. Xwgao EH$ \$H$sa~m~m Zm_H$
`dZ g§V nwÊ`mV amhmV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mH$So>hr OmD$Z `oÊ`mg lr~m~m§Zr lr_hmamOm§Zm
gm§{JVco. Ë`m§ZrXoIrc ào_^amZo Iyn hgyZ lr_hmamOm§Mo ñdmJV Ho$co Am{U _moR>m
dmagm Vw_À`mH$S>o MmcyZ Amcm Amho Aem AWm©Mr nmoMnmdVr {Xcr.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lr~m~m§Zm nÌ {b{hVmZm ñdV:Mm C„oI "_wbJ§' Agm
H$arV AgV. ""Amnb§ _wbJ§ {dRy>, `mÌohZÿ Amb§'' Aer Ë`m§Mr dmŠ`o AgV.
***

lrgX²Jwé-ñVwVr
Vy§{M JUnVr JUm§Mm Vy§ ñdm_rŸ& Z{_Vmo§ VwObm _r gd©^mdo Ÿ &&1Ÿ&&
VwPr `moJ_m`m àH$mer OJmgrŸ& _m`m gÎmmXmgr VwPr Ago Ÿ &&2Ÿ&&
YrXwJ©nwam§V KoD${Z Ord^md Ÿ& ~Õ AmË_Xod Ago Pmbm Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
gÎd aO V_ VrZ VQ> Ë`mgr Ÿ& H$m|{S>Vr gd©ñd|gr AQ>Ho$_mOr Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
V`m AmË_Xodm e§^y gmoS>drV Ÿ& ñ_amoZr VwOàV JOdXZm Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
Vmo{M Vy§ gX²Jwê$ {edmhmo{Z loð> Ÿ& _mZmo{Z d[að> Z{_Vmoo§ MaUt Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
_yT> AkmZmgr Vy§ ~m dH«$Vw§S> Ÿ& km{Z`m§ AI§S> gm_moam Vy§ Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
Ñï>r CKS>moZr O§d Vy§ Pm§{H$gr Ÿ& CËnÎmr àb`mgr V§ddar H$[agr Ÿ&&8&&
Vd _m`m Z¥Ë` hm{M OJXm^mg Ÿ& Xm{dgr Vy§ Img Vm§S>d H$ê$Zr Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
Ahmo gX²JwéZmWm H$[aVm§ Á`m§d[a ào_ Ÿ& gH$it AmË_mam_ ^oQ>o Ë`m§g Ÿ &&10Ÿ&&
Eogm Vy§ gmo{`am hmogr OJt Á`mMm Ÿ& Ë`mgr _rnUmMm \w§$O Z CaoŸ &&11Ÿ&&
VwÂ`m EoŠ`~moYt H$[aVm VwPo Ü`mZ Ÿ& Xogr VwPo nyU© ào_ Ë`mgr Ÿ &&12Ÿ&&
eãXkmZ§ Z bJo Vw_Mm doXm§ A§V Ÿ& Vwåhr gX²JwéZmW lw{Vgr n¡bŸ &&13Ÿ&&
_m¡Z ho{M VwPo Ago amerZm§d Ÿ& åhUyZr _m¡Z| ñVd H$[aVm| VwPm Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
Eoem Vwåhm§ nm`t gmï>m§J d§XZ Ÿ& gd©ñdo§ H$amoZ ny{OVg| Ÿ &&15Ÿ&&
Eogo Oo gX²Jwé dmgwXodmZ§V Ÿ& ~m~m Á`m§gr dXV ^ŠVOZ Ÿ&&16Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

54 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr~m~m§Zr àg¥V Ho$coco {dZ§VrnÌ
gZ 1937 _Ü`o lr~m~m§Zr ""EH$m {ZamYma Hw$Qw>~§ mcm AmYma XoÊ`mgmR>r {dZ§VrnÌ''
Aem _Wù`mMo EH$ nÌ g_ñV XmZeya _§S>itZm CÔoeZy H$mT>co hmoV.o Ë`mMm H$mhr
A§e Imcr {Xë`mà_mUo hmoVm.
Ÿ&& lrŸ &&
&& lrgX²Jéw ~rS>H$a _hmamO àgÞŸ &&
_r, am_M§Ð AmßnmOr ghò~wÕo, Ec.gr.B©. (nr.S>ãë`y.S>r.), JìhZ©_|Q> Am°\$
~m±~o, BÝìh°{cS> noÝeZa, Amoìha{g`a, amhUma nwUo eha, Zmam`U noR>, Ka Z§. 36,
Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ .
godogr AO© H$arV EogmOo ....
{dœmË_H$ Xod d na_mË_H¥$nm hmoBc © `m AmeoZo H$i{dVmo, H$s gd© g§V _§S>ir
àgÞ hmoD$Z gÜ`m _r _mJVmo Vr X`m H$aVrc. _cm amhUog ñdV§Ì, ñdV:Mo _moR>o Ka,
ñdV:Mr, gaH$mar H$moQ>mM© o Xáar XmIc H$ê$Z, _mPo Zmdo eoVr^mVr d _cm ñdV:g
ñdV§Ì VèhoZo gm§^miUmam gX²>Jwé gmo`am BVHo$ XmZ hdo. VyV© 100-200 én`o àn§Mmg
MmcrnwaVo hdo. ~m`H$mo d` 39 d _wcJr d` XhmMr Amho. noÝeZ nwaVo nU Vo _mPo d`
54 Pmë`m_wio åhmVmanUr Am¡fYmg dJ¡ao _XV _mJVmo d gdmªH$Sy>Z godm KoD$Z Ë`m§Mr
_ohZVràrË`W© naV\o$S> hmoB©c VoìhT>r H$[aVmo.
lrJwéM§ o Xe©Z _cm gZ 1900_Ü`o Pmco. lrg_W© A¸$cH$moQ> ñdm_r _hmamO
`m§À`m _moR>çm ZD$ {eî`m§nH¡ $s Zddo, gJù`m§V chmZ {eî` lrgX²>Jéw ~rS>H$a _hmamO
`m§Mm gJù`m§V chmZ _wcmà_mUo, AkmZ Ord _r AgyZ d Ë`mZr gm§^micocm AgyZ
AmnUmnmgyZ H$mhr XmZ {_ioc hr Amem Amho. {^jmXmZ åhUyZM {Xco Vo OmñV
gmo{`ñH$a Amho. B©œaH¥$noH$ê$Z Jwé§Zr _mPo c¾ gZ 1910 _Ü`o Ho$co.
Var lr_§Vm§Zr `mo½` H¥$nm H$amdr d ho Xod~«m÷UmMo Amerdm©X lrMaUr {d{XV
hmodmoV, hr àmW©Zm Amho. lrgX²>Jwé Xod XÎmmÌo` _hmamO àgÞmo daXmo ^dVw. gdmªMo
Amerdm©X {_imoV.
nwUo lrMaUaOgodH$
Vm. 15-7-37 am. Am. ghò~wÕo

lr~m~m§Zm àg¥V Ho$bobo {dZ§VrnÌ / 55

 `mM nÌH$mV ""gaH$mar noÝeZ 84 é. 1 AmUm Amho nU Vo d§ena§naoZo {_iV
ZgVo. lrjoÌ Í`§~Ho$œa `oWo lrgX²>JwéH¥$noZo Zmam`U ZmJ~ir H$ê$Z Pmcm Amho. _r
em§{S>ë` JmoÌr, _mPo gmgao d{gð> JmoÌr, Hw$cX¡dV aËZm{JarOdi H$moVdS>çmMr OmoJœo ar,
_mPo Jwé§Mo Hw$cX¡dV H$moëhmnyaMr A§~m~mB© d gmgaMo X¡dV OwÞaMr Xodr Amho,''
Agohr C„oI Amco AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr ñdV:Mr n{ÌH$mXoIrb `m nÌm_Ü`o {Xcr Amho.
lr~m~m§Mr ~mcH$gÑe {MÎmd¥Îmr `m nÌmV à{Vq~{~V Pmcocr {XgVo. AkOZm§Zm
lr~m~m§À`m AZoH$ H¥$Vr doS>çm _mUgmÀ`m H¥$Vrà_mUo ^mgV AgV. ho nÌXoIrc
Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$ Amho Agm cmoH$m§Mm g_O Pmcm ZgVm VaM Zdc.
***

lrgX²Jwé-ñVwVr
gX²JwéM[aÌ dUm©`m `WmW© Ÿ& H$moU Vmo g_W© Ago OZt Ÿ &&1Ÿ&&
Ë`m{M`o gÎmooZo§ Ë`mMo JwU JmUo§ Ÿ& H¥$VmW© H$aUo OrdZ ho§ Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
YaoMm H$mJX H$amo{Z`m§ `oW Ÿ& _oê$ coIUràV `mo{O`ocm Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
gmJamMr emB© H$amo{Z`m§ gmar Ÿ& coIZ AdZrdar _m§{S>`oc§o Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
Var Vo§ gX²JwéM[aÌ Anma Ÿ& Z cJo Á`mMm nma H$dUmgrhr Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
~«÷m {dîUw {ed WH$mo{Z`m§ Joco Ÿ& Xodm{XH$m§ Z H$io gX²>Jwé_{h_m Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
Ho$dt V§o eãXm§Zr§ H$amd§o coIZ Ÿ& eãX Anwao OmU dU©Zmgr Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
_Z ~w{Õ {MÎm _mdiVo§ OoW Ÿ& Ah§Vm JiV Amn§oAmn Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
Eogo§ V§o AqMË` H$m` hmo ~mocmdo§ Ÿ& _m¡Z ñdrH$mamd| h§o{M ^co§ Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

56 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 {M. {M_mVmBªMo ~mcnU d {ddmh
lr~m~m§Mr H$Ý`m {M.eHw$§ Vcm D$\©$ {M_mVmB© {hMo nwÊ`mV ñWm{`H$ Pmë`mda ""ZdrZ
_amR>r emim'' `m emioV Zmd KmcÊ`mV Amco. d`mÀ`m ghmì`m dfu Vr emioV OmD$
cmJcr. {VMo emioV Zmd KmcUo, nmQ>r-nwñVHo$ AmUUo BË`mXr gd© Jmoï>r
lrAmB©gmho~m§ZrM Ho$ë`m. lr~m~m AI§S> qMVZmV _¾ AgV. H$Ý`oMo gd© {ejU
lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr cj nwa{dë`m_wiM o hmoD$ eH$co. Zmhr åhUm`cm H$Ý`ocm B§JO « r dJ¡ao
{df` AYyZ_YyZ {eH${dÊ`mMo H$m_ lr~m~m H$arV AgV. `mVXoIrc {eH${dÊ`mnojm
{M.{M_mVmB©Zo {dMmacoë`m AS>MUr, àý gmoS>dZy XoUo hmM àH$ma OmñV Ago. H$Ý`oda
{Za{Ve` ào_ _mÌ hmoV.o
_wcrcm emioVZy Kar `md`mg Cera Pmcm Va {Vcm nmhm`cm lr~m~m emioÀ`m
Xmamer OmD$Z C^o amhmV. emioV ñZohg§_c o Zmgma»`m àg§Jr {dÚmÏ`mªMr ZmQ>H$o hmoV
AgV. `m ZmQ>H$mV H$m_ H$am`cm Vo _wcrcm nadmZJr XoV AgVM nU Ë`m§Mo ZmQ>H$XoIrc
nmhmd`mg OmV AgV. ¹${MV {Vcm {MÌnQ> XmIdm`cmgwÕm Vo KoD$Z OmV AgV.
EH$Xm lr~m~m, lrAmB©gmho~ d {M.{M_mVmB© `m§Zm KoD$Z n§T>anyaÀ`m `mÌocm OmD$Z
Amco. XmoKrhr CËgmhmZo n§T>anya Am{U n[agamVrb _§{Xao, Jmonminwam dJ¡ao nmhmd`mg
{_iob åhUyZ `mÌocm Joë`m hmoË`m, na§Vw n§T>anyacm Joë`mda lr~m~m§Zr M§Ð^mJoÀ`m
dmid§Q>mV Or ~¡R>H$ _macr, Vo CR>M o ZmV. ^a XwnmaMr doi hmoVr. gy`© S>mŠo `mda VinV
hmoVm Am{U aUaUË`m CÝhmV, Vmncoë`m dmiyV lr~m~m {Z{d©H$manUo ~gyZ am{hco
hmoV.o ~è`mM {dZdUrZ§Va Vo CR>c,o gdmªZm KoD$Z nwÝhm nwÊ`mV naV Amco. Ë`m_wio
{dR>m~o m-aIw_mB©À`m _§{Xam{edm` ~mH$sMo n§T>anya nmhmÊ`mMo amhÿZ Joc.o
{M.{M_mVmB© B§JO« r n{hcrMr narjm CÎmrU© Pmcr. lr~m~m§Zm hr Jmoï> Hw$UrVar
gm§{JVcr Voìhm lr~m~m {dZmoXmZo gm§Jy cmJco, ""Amncr _wcJr eonQ>çmMr narjm nmg
Pmcr ~a§ H$m ? AmVm {VÀ`m c¾mMo nmhm`cm hdo !'' daÀ`m dJm©V Joë`mda _wcr
doUrMm eonQ>m gmoS>VmV. Ë`mcm AZwcjyZ lr~m~m§Zr {VMr WÅ>m Ho$cr hmoVr, ""_wcJr
_moR>r Pmcr Voìhm {VÀ`m c¾mgmR>r IQ>nQ> H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho Zmhr H$m ? Ia§ åhUOo
{VÀ`mH$aVm _cm àH$Q> hmoUo ^mJ Amho. ZmhrVa _cm H$emMrM JaO Zmhr. na§Vw g§gma
åhQ>cm åhUOo ho gd© Ho$co nm{hOo.''
_J {eî`m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""{VMr n{ÌH$m N>mnyZ ¿`m Am{U gJirH$S>o nmR>dm.''

{M. {M_mVmBªMo ~mbnU d {ddmh / 57

Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:Mr, lrAmB©gmho~m§Mr d {M.{M_mVmBªMr Aem {VKm§À`m
n{ÌH$m N>mnyZ KoVë`m hmoË`m d `oUmè`m _§S>itn¡H$s Hw$UmHw$Umcm Ë`m XoV AgV.
EH$Xm EH$m ^º$mcm åhUmco, ""Aao, {VMr n{ÌH$m B§½c§S>-A_o[aHo$cmgwÕm nmR>d.''
Vmo åhUmcm, ""{VH$S>o nmR>dZy H$m` Cn`moJ ? Amnë`mcm {VMo gmho~mer WmoS>M o c¾
cmdm`Mo Amho?'' Vo åhUmco, ""`moJ H$gm Agoc Vgo hmoB©c. ~«÷XodmZo Á`mÀ`mer
JmR> _mê$Z R>do cr Agoc Ë`mÀ`m Kar hr nS>c o .''
_w c rÀ`m c¾mMr qMVm lr~m~m§ Z r `m ncrH$S> o dm{hcr Zmhr. Ë`m_w i o
lrAmB©gmho~m§ZrM {VÀ`mgmR>r à`ËZ gwê$ Ho$co. {M.{M_mVmB©cm Mm¡Xmdo df© cmJco
Voìhm Ë`m§ZrM lr~m~m§À`m _mJo cH$S>m cmdcm H$s {hcm AmVm ñWio emoYm`cm gwédmV
H$am. lr~m~m§Mo `mda EH$M CÎma Ago Vo åhUOo, ""Vy H$emcm H$miOr H$aVog ?
Á`mMm Vmo `oBc © Am{U {M_Urcm KoD$Z OmB©c !'' `m Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV lr~m~m,
Ë`m§Mo _ohþUo d lrAmB©gmho~ Ago gd©OU lr Zmam`U _hmamO Ho$S>JmdH$a `m§À`m
Xe©Zmg Ho$S>Jmd ~oQ> `oWo Joc.o Ë`m doir lrAmB©gmho~ lr Zmam`U _hmamOm§Zm åhUmë`m,
""AmnU Oam øm§À`mH$S>o nmhmdo. ho doS>çmgmaIo dmJVmV. _wcrMo c¾ AOyZ ìhm`Mo
Amho Am[U øm§Zm Ë`mMr H$gcrM H$miOr dmQ>V Zmhr.'' Ë`mda lr Zmam`U _hmamO
CX²Jmaco, ""Ahmo, `m§Zm Vwåhr doS>o åhUVm ? CcQ> hoM OJmcm doS> cmdVrc. ho ñdV:
doS>çmgmaIo dmJUo H$go eŠ` Amho ?''
lrAmB©gmho~ d Ë`m§Mo ~§Yy Z§Va VoWZy nwÊ`mg {ZKyZ Amco nU lr~m~m H$gcrhr
qMVm Z H$aVm H$mhr H$mi Ho$S>Jmd ~oQ> `oWoM am{hco hmoVo.
lr~m~m AYyZ_YyZ Ho$S>Jmdcm lrg§V Zmam`U _hmamO `m§À`mH$S>o OmV AgV.
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ì`dñWmnH$m§Zm H$m`_À`m XoD$Z R>do ë`m hmoË`m. ""lr~m~m§Mm A§V Xodm{XH$m§ZmXoIrc
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lr~m~m§Zm, ZmVodmB©H$, ñZohr _§S>itZm nÌ {chmd`mg gm§JV, na§Vw lr~m~m nÌmVrc
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Va Ho$cr ZmhrM CcQ> Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§À`mnmgyZ Xya amhmUoM ng§V Ho$co.

58 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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e{Zdma noR>Vo rc ZmVydmS>çmV lr.ZriH§$R>amd lrYa Iao, dH$sc, am. dYm© `m§À`mer
{M.{M_mVmBªMm {ddmh KSy>Z Amcm. Ë`m doir {M.{M_mVmBªMo d` gmoim dfmªMo hmoV.o

{M. {M_mVmBªMo ~mbnU d {ddmh / 59

 lr~m~m§À`m {dXohr pñWVrV {ddmhmMo Ym{_©H$ {dYr Ë`m§À`mH$adr nma nS>Uo AeŠ`
hmoVo åhUyZ {ddmhmMo XodH$, lr~m~m§Mo OwÞa `oWo amhUmao YmH$Q>o ~§Yy lr.h[a^mD$ d
Ë`m§À`m gm¡^m½`dVr gm¡.a_m~mB© `m§Zr R>odco. {ddmhàg§Jr lr~m~m§À`m Jwé~§Yy§Zr
lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm nwîH$i _XV Ho$cr. {deofH$ê$Z lr.cmJy _moVrdmco d lr.AÊUmgmho~
Jwáo, _wÝg\$ `m§Zr \$ma gmhmæ` Ho$co. ~¡R>H$sV Oar _wcJr d Zmai XoUo Aem AQ>tda
{ddmh R>a{dÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm Var àË`jmV {M.eHw$§ VcoMm {ddmh, gd© MmcrarVr
nmiyZ, XmoÝhrH$S>rc dèhmS>r _§S>itMm `Wmo{MV AmXagËH$ma, ^moOZg_ma§^, damVrgh
WmQ>m_mQ>mV nma nS>cm. lr~m~m `m gd© g_ma§^mV, nmÊ`mVrc H$_cnÌmà_mUo A{cá
hmoVo. XodXodH$mXr Ym{_©H$ {dYrMo àg§Jr H$X ZogyZ nmQ>mda EH$m ~mOycm, q^Vrcm
Q>Ho $y Z ñdñW ~gyZ AgV. {ddmhgmohim EH§$XarV AmZ§XmV d WmQ>m_mQ>mV KSy>Z Amcm.
{M.eH§w$Vcm _mhoaMm C§~aR>m Amocm§Sy>Z lr.Iao `m§À`m J¥hmV ""gm¡.{Z_©cm'' `m
gmgaÀ`m ZmdmZo àdoe H$aVr Pmcr. lr~m~m§À`m A§V:H$aUmVrc {nË`mMr _m`m BVam§Zm
Oar AkmV d AZmH$cZr` Agcr Var gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªZm Ë`mMm àË`j AZw^d d Iar
AmoiI Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm gmoS>yZ gmgar OmVmZm Ë`m§À`m A§V:H$aUmV ñdm^m{dH$
H$mcdmH$mcd Pmë`m{edm` am{hcr Zmhr.
lr.Iao `m§À`m d{S>cm§Mr d{H$cr Mm§Jcr MmcV Ago d dÜ`m©V Ë`m§Mm
Zmdcm¡{H$H$XoIrc hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m g_doV ho gwÕm d{H$crMm ì`dgm` H$arV, AZw^d
{_idrV hmoV.o Ë`m§Mo AmOmo~m ho O_rZXma d Wmoa XÎm^º$ hmoV.o EH§$XarV KamUo gw{dÚ,
gwg§ñH¥$V d gwg§nÞ Ago hmoVo. H$Ý`ocm _ZmOmoJo ñWi {_imë`m_wio lrAmB©gmho~m§Mr
àmn§{MH$ qMVm _moR>çm à_mUmV hcH$s Pmcr.
gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© H$Yr _mhoar Amë`m Var amhm`cm ~hþYm lr~m~m§Mo eoOmar lr.amOJwê$
`m§À`mH$S>M o CVaV AgV. H$maU KamV lr~m~m§À`m {eî` d ^º$m§Mr \$ma dX©i Ago.
àË`oH$ doir lr~m~m nmR>dUr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm e§^a én`o XoV AgV.
{ddmhmZ§Va Omd`m§Zm, lr.ZriH§$R>amdm§Zm lr~m~m§Mr nÌo `oV AgV. na§Vw Ë`mV
{deof _OHy$a H$mhrM Zgo. OdiOdi g§nU y © nÌ Z_ñH$mam§Zr ^acoco Ago. KamVrc
gd© _§S>itZm BVHo$M Zìho Va àm{U_mÌm§Zm, Jm`, dmgao gdmªZm Z_ñH$ma {c{hcocm
Ago. `m {edm` ""_cm Xhm hOma én`o XoUo Amho. Vwåhr _mPm gm§^mi H$am, _mPr
H$mhrVar gmo` H$am'' Agcm H$mhrVar _OHy$a {chÿZ nmR>drV. gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªÀ`m
gmgaMr H$moUr _§S>ir lr~m~m§À`m Kar Xe©Zmg OmV Voìhm Ë`m§Zm Vo EH$ Zmai Úm`Mo
d gm§Jm`Mo, ""hm AmYr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV OmD$Z VoWo R>do m Am{U _J

60 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_mÂ`mH$S>o `m.''
gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªÀ`m gmgy~mB© EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zm ^oQ>md`mg Joë`m hmoË`m. Voìhm
lr~m~m§Zr Kar Ý`m`cm XmoZ {M_Q>çm _oWHw$Q>mMr nwS>r {Xcr. gmgy~mBªZr lr~m~m§Zm
{dMmaco, ""dÜ`m©cm Mmcco Amho. _wcrcm H$mhr {Zamon dJ¡ao gm§Jm`Mm Agoc Va
gm§Jm.'' Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""{Vcm _mhoar ~mocdmdogo dmQ>Vo. nU Vr Amho
Wmoam_moR>çm§Mr gyZ. AmÎmm H go ~moc{dUma ? nmhÿ `m, nwT>o _moR>r OmJm KoD$, _moR>m dmS>m
hmoBc
© _J ~mocmdy {Vcm amhm`cm !''
lr~m~m§Mo ho eãX nwT>o Iao R>aco. lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mo
g_m{Y_§{Xa C^maco, B_maV ~m§Ycr, gd© gw{dYm§Zr `wº$ Ago lr~m~m§Mo {ZdmgñWmZ
V`ma Ho$co. _J Amnë`m gX²Jéw M § m eãXhr gË` Ho$cm. à{Vdfu gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªZm,
Ë`m§À`m `O_mZm§Zm, _wcm§Zm {Z_§ÌU YmSy>Z, Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `mdVrZo/lr~m~m§À`mdVrZo
Ë`m§Mo _mhoanU Ho$co. àË`oH$ àg§Jr gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªZm gmS>rMmoir, VgoM lr.Iao d
_wcm§Zm H$mnS>, ImD$ Ago XoD$Z Ë`m§Mr arVrZwgma Am{U ào_nyd©H$ nmR>dUr H$arV
AgV. Amnë`m d{S>cm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV amhm`cm Amë`mda Ë`m§Zm AmnU _mhoarM
Amcmo AmhmoV Agm AmZ§X Pmë`m{edm` amhmV Zgo.
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªZm Amncr ~hrUM _mZrV AgV.
Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>~§ mVrc c¾, _wO§ r, ~mago Aem àg§Jr AJË`nydH© $ nÌ, Ahoa nmR>drV
AgV. Xoh R>do rn`ªV gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªMr Ë`m§Zr ^mdmà_mUo nmR>amIU Ho$cr.
lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m H$Ý`ocm gmo_dma H$aÊ`mg d lre§H$amMr CnmgZm H$aÊ`mg
gm§{JVco hmoV.o ""{edmMo d«V H$a åhUOo gd© Mm§Jco hmoBc © ,'' Ago Vo {Vcm Zoh_r
åhUV. gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªÀ`m {ddmhmZ§Va VrZM dfmªZr lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm H¡$cmgdmg
KS>cm. _mhoar Amë`m H$s lr~m~m§H$S>o cmS>rH$nUo ""_cm A_yH$ KoD$Z Úm, V_yH$
AmUm'' Aer Ë`m§Mr _mJUr Ago. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Mo d`gwÕm 19-20 dfmªMo A„S> d`
hmoVo. _mVmoltÀ`m {ZYZmZ§Va lr~m~m hm EH$_od _mhoaMm ^md~§Y Ë`m§Zm Cacm hmoVm.
gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªMm hÅ> nwa{dVmZm lr~m~m åhUV, ""Am_Mr AdñWm nmoarcm H$m`
_mhrV ? ~mc~wÕrZo _mJVo Amho. gX²>Jéw Z§ r {Xco Va XoVmo, nmoa Amho, cmS>mZo _mJV
AgVo H$mhrVar !''
{M.Za|ÐMm OÝ_ Pmë`mZ§Va gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© àW_M lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§Mm ZmVy
XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r KoD$Z `oUma hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mo nÌ `oVmM lr~m~m§Zr gdmªZm AmZ§XmZo
""Am_Mm ZmVy `oUma Amho ~a§ H$m ? Vwåhr gdmªZr Ë`m XmoKm§Zm AmUm`cm ñQ>e o Zda

{M. {M_mVmBªMo ~mbnU d {ddmh / 61

Om`cm hd§ ! KamV Vm§Xyi Zmhr`oV, Vo nU KoD$Z `m. Am_À`m ZmVdmgmR>r ^mV
H$am`cm cmJVrc !'' lr~m~m§À`m Zoh_rÀ`m CÝ_Zr AdñWoV, Ë`m§Zr ZmVy `oUma åhUyZ
Omo CËgmh, AmZ§X Xe©{dcm, Vmo nmhÿZ gd© {eî` Am{U ^º$m§Zm _moR>r Anydm©B© dmQ>cr.
gm¡. {Z_©cmVmB© nwUo ñQ>e
o Zda nm` R>do VmV, Vmo Ë`m§Zm Kar ZoÊ`mgmR>r 20-25
cmoH$m§Mm OWm Wm§~cocm nmhÿZ Ë`m JS>~Sy>Z Joë`m. Zoh_rà_mUo Yw_mi {~pëS>§J_Ü`o
Amë`mda lr.amOJwê$ `m§À`m Kar _w¸$m_mg Z amhmVm, `m Ionog Ë`m lr~m~m§H$S>oM
CVaë`m. lrAmB©gmho~ H¡$cmgdmgr Pmë`mnmgyZ KamV gJim R>UR>UmQ>M Agm`Mm.
Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§Zm ^oQ>m`cm Amë`m H$s lr.amOJwê$ `m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVM Ë`m amhmV AgV.
`m doir KamV Amë`mda lr~m~m§Zr hmVmZoM IyU H$ê$Z XmI{dco EH$m H$monè`mV
Vm§Xi
w mMr nmoVr aMyZ R>do cr hmoVr. KamV BVa {OÞgXoIrc AmUcoco hmoV.o ZmVdmÀ`m
AmJ_ZmZo Pmcocm AmZ§X Ë`m§À`m _wÐdo ê$Z AmogS§ >VmZm nmhÿZ gm¡.{Z_©cmVmBªZm ""{H$Vrhr
Pmco Var Amnco _mhoa hoM Amnco _mhoa'' Ago dmQ>ë`m{edm` am{hco Zmhr.
***

~moYdMZo
* _mgm ~Jù`mZo EH$Xm Vm|S>mV nH$S>cm åhUOo Vmo VmoS>y Z H$mT>ë`m{edm`
gwQ>m`Mm Zmhr. {_R>mMr ~mhþcr gmJamer EH$ê$n ~ZVo. Jwé{eî` g§~Y §
hm Agm AX²^Vw AgVmo.
* JwéZ§ r {eî`mMm EH$Xm A§JrH$ma Ho$cm H$s Á`mà_mUo amOmZo XÎmH$
KoVcoë`m _wcmcm AmnmoAmn amÁ` àmßV hmoVo Vgo gX²>Jé w H§ $Sy>Z
{eî`mcm gV²nXmMr àmßVr hmoV.o
* Ah§H$ma Oê$a Agmdm, nU Vmo gX²Jé
w M
§ m Ah§H$ma Agmdm.
* ""~«÷ gË` OJZ² {_Ï`m'' Ago _moR>o cmoH$ Oar åhUV Agco Var
_mÂ`mnwaVo ~mocmd`mMo Pmë`mg _cm Var OJ gË` dmQ>V.o åhUOo
nydg
© ay tMr dMZo AgË` AmhoV Ago Zìho, na§Vw Ë`m§Mm AZw^d `m`cm
nm{hOo Zm !
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

62 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo XohmdgmZ
{M.{M_mVmB©À`m {ddmhmZ§Va lrAmB©gmho~ `m§Zm àn§MmVrc AI§S> n[al_ d
H$miOr `m§À`m EH${ÌV n[aUm_mZo WH$dm OmUdy cmJcm. lr~m~m§Zm doS>çmÀ`m
B{ñnVimV R>do Ê`mÀ`m àg§JmnmgyZ, Ë`m \$maM AJ{VH$ Pmë`m hmoË`m. lr~m~m§gma»`m
{dXohr nVrMm g§gma d`mÀ`m Voamì`m dfm©nmgyZ H$arV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm Anma _mZ{gH$
VmU gmogmdm cmJcm hmoVm. ZmVodmB©H$ _§S>ir XyaXya amhÊ`mMo YmoaU ñdrH$marV AgV
Am{U _mhoaMr _§S>ir lr~m~m§Mr `mo½`Vm OmUV Zgë`m_wio lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm \$maM
_Z:ñVmn ghZ H$amdm cmJo.
nVr EdT>o ~w{Õ_mZ d CÀM{dÚm{d^y{fV, g_mOmV amdgmho~ åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm Jm¡admZo
g§~mo{Yco Omd`mMo na§Vw Ë`mM lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm amoOMr Myc H$er noQ>dmdr hm àý C^o
amhmÊ`mMr n[apñWVr {Z_m©U Pmcr hmoVr. lr~m~m§gma»`m Acm¡{H$H$ AdVmar nwéfmMo
J¥hcú_rnX ^yf{dÊ`mMo ^m½` Ë`m§Zm cm^co Iao, nU Ë`mM ~amo~a g§gma åhUOo EH$
A{gYmamd«V Agë`mà_mUoM Ë`m§Mo Am`wî` Joc.o
lr~m~m§Zr AIoan`ªV EH$m eãXmZo Ë`m§Zm H$Yr XwI{dco Zmhr d _wcrMm {ddmh
gd© à{VHy$c n[apñWVrVgwÕm _ZmgmaIo ñWi {_iyZ Pmcm. `m XmoZM Jmoï>r Ë`m§À`m
_Zmcm, àn§MmMr gd© nadS> gwgø H$aVrc Aem KS>ë`m. lr~m~m AZoH$Xm Kar
^moOZmg _§S>itZm {Z_§ÌU XoV, Hw$Umcm Kar amhmÊ`mMm AmJ«h H$arV nU `m H$em_wio
Amnë`mcm Ìmg hmoV Agë`mMr Hw$aHw$a Ë`m§Zr H$YrM Ho$cr Zmhr. lrAmB©gmho~ nVrÀ`m
OodUmImUmMr `pËH¨${MVhr Am~mi hmoD$ Z`o åhUyZ Xj AgV. H$Yrhr lr~m~m§Mo
^moOZ Pmë`mIoarO Ë`m§Zr AÞmMm Kmg KoVcm Zmhr.
lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo gd© dV©Z nVr hmM Amncm àmU Aem gd©lðo > nm{Vd«Ë` ^mdZoVZy ,
^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m AmXem©Zwê$n hmoVo. ñdV:À`m EHw$cË`m EH$, cmS>mZo dmT>{dcoë`m
H$Ý`oMo, {ddmh gmohù`mV H$Ý`mXmZ H$aÊ`mMr hm¡ggwÕm nyU© hmoD$ eH$cr Zmhr. Ë`m
doir Agcoë`m lr~m~m§À`m OrdÝ_wº$ pñWVr_wi,o c¾mMo XodH$ lr~m~m§À`m YmH$Q>çm
~§Yy§Zr, lr.h[a^mD$ d Ë`m§À`m gm¡^m½`dVrZo R>odco hmoVo.
gZ 1943 nmgyZ lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm Anñ_mamMo PQ>Ho$ `oÊ`mg gwédmV Pmcr.
Aeº$nUm dmT>V Mmccm. A§JmV Vmn _wê$Z Ë`m dma§dma AmOmar nSy> cmJë`m. na§Vw
eodQ>n`ªV nVrMr H$miOr KoÊ`m{df`r Ë`m VËna hmoË`m.

lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo XohmdgmZ / 63
 AIoa AmfmT> dÚ V¥Vr`m eH$ 1867; ewH$« dma, {X.27 Owc¡ 1945 amoOr amÌr
ZD$ dmOVm dO«MSw >_o {§ S>V gm¡.XwJm©VmB© VWm lrAmB©gmho~ `m§Zr Amncr BhcmoH$sMr
`mÌm g§n{dcr. lr~m~m§À`m J¥hñWml_mg `oWo nyU{© dam_ {_imcm.
lr~m~m Oamhr {dMcrV {XgV ZìhVo. lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m AmOmanUmVgwÕm Ë`m§À`m
{XZH«$_mV Oamhr \$aH$ nS>cc o m ZìhVm. ñ_emZ^y_rV {ZKÊ`mg lr~m~m§Zm cmoH$m§Zr
CR>{dco Voìhm, H$nS>çm§À`m ~m~VrV H$Yr ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$ Z amhmUmao lr~m~m, YmoVa, H$moQ>,
S>moH$sg é_mc, CnaUo Agm ì`dpñWV nmoemI H$ê$Z Kam~mhoa nS>co. Ë`m doir
cmoH$m§ZrM ""ñ_emZmV Ago Hw$Ur OmVmV H$m ?''Ago g_OmdyZ S>moB©g Jw§S>micocm
é_mc gmoS>m`cm cmdcm. cmoH$m§~amo~a ñ_emZmV Joë`mda ~amo~aMr _§S>ir, ^Q>Or,
Á`mà_mUo gm§JV hmoVo Ë`mà_mUo EHo$H$ H¥$Vr H$arV, gd© A§Ë`{dYr nma nmS>cm. _Ü`oM
ñdñW ~gco H$s ñdê$npñWVrV V„rZ hmoD$Z OmV. _J H$moUrVar Ë`m§Zm hcdyZ, hmH$
_mê$Z ^mZmda AmUrV Am{U _J nwT>Mo {dYr gwê$ hmoV AgV. Xhmì`m {XdgmnmgyZ
Voamì`m {Xdgmn`ªVMo gd© {dYr AemM ñdê$n_¾ AdñWoV Ë`m§Zr nma nmS>c.o
lrAmB©gmho~ h`mV Agon`ªV KamVrc ~mOmahmQ>, àn§MmVrc Amco-Joco nmhþUo ho
gd© Ë`m XjVoZo gm§^mirV AgV. lr~m~m§Zr BÝìh°{cS> noÝeZ KoVë`mnmgyZ
lr.AmB©gmho~m§À`m àn§MmMr Am{W©H$ pñWVr EH$X_M T>mgicr hmoVr. Ë`m _mhoaÀ`m
g§nÞ hmoË`mM nU gmgar Amë`mdagwÕm lr~m~m§gma»`m Ec.gr.B©. B§{O{Z`a Am{U
CÀMnXñW gaH$mar A{YH$mè`m§Mr nËZr åhUyZ gwpñWVrV OrdZ H§$R>ë`mZ§Va, hm
AmoT>JñVrMm g§gma Mmc{dUo åhUOo Ë`m§Mr narjmM hmoVr.
lr~m~m§Zm ñZmZmg ZoU,o Ë`m§À`m nmoemImMr, ImÊ`m{nÊ`mMr H$miOr KoU,o Ë`m§À`m
AmdS>rMm EImXm nXmW© AJË`nydH© $ H$ê$Z, Ë`m§Zm ImD$ KmcUo Aem àH$mao ZmZmnatZr
Ë`m§Zr nVrMo gmhM`© Ho$co. _wcJr Cnda hmoVmM {VÀ`m {ddmhmgmR>r ñWio nmhUo,
nÌì`dhma H$aUo `mMm ^ma Ë`m§Zr ñdV:M CMccm.
àn§MmVrc àË`oH$ àg§Jm§Zm em§VnUo Vm|S> XoVmXoVm Ë`m AmVyZ H$UmH$UmZo nmoIaV
Mmcë`m hmoË`m. lr~m~m§À`m _mZ{gH$ pñWË`§Vam_wio Ë`m nyU© ^m§~mdyZ Joë`m. Ë`m§À`m
Wmoaë`m ~§Yy§Zr lr~m~m ho _Zmoé½UM AmhoV hr Jmoï>, BVŠ`m R>mgyZ Ë`m§À`m Jir
CVa{dcr H$s Ë`m§À`m _ZmMrgwÕm VerM g_OyV Pmcr. Aem n[apñWVrV é½Umc`mV
XmIc Ho$ë`mg Ë`m§À`mda `mo½` d¡ÚH$s` CnMma hmoD$Z Vo ~ao hmoVrc `m ^m~S>çm
{dœmgmZoM Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m ~§YZ§y m, lr~m~m§Zm doS>çm§À`m B{ñnVimV ZoÊ`mg g§_Vr
{Xcr. AÝ`Wm Ë`m§À`m hmVyZ Ago H¥$Ë` KS>Uo g§^dV Zmhr.

64 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr~m~m§Zr lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m XohmdgmZmZ§Va àH$Q> emoH$ Oar Ho$cm Zmhr Var ¹${MV
àg§Jr Kam~mhoa nS>VmZm lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m \$moQ>moH$S>o ~KyZ, ""Amåhr ~mhoa OmD$Z
`oVmo ~a§ H$m§ !'' Ago CX²Jma H$mT>Ê`mBVnV lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo ñ_aU Ë`m§Zm hmoV Ago.
lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m {Z`m©UmZ§Va lr~m~m§Mr EH§$XarV \$maM Am~mi Pmcr. {eî`,
godHo $ar, Oar Ë`m§Mr XoI^mc H$arV Agco Var Ë`mcm lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m AmnwcH$sMr,
VËnaVoMr Am{U ^{º$^mdmMr ga eVm§emZogÕ w m `oUo eŠ` ZìhVo.
***

gX²Jwé-ñVwVr
{dœmgmMm Am^mgy Zmhtgm Omo H$ar Ÿ& AÛ¡VmMr H$ar Xrndmir &&1Ÿ&&
bm¡{H$H$ gy`m©Z| {dœ àH$m{eVm§ Ÿ& dmT>o Û¡VmdñWm \$ma \$maŸ &&2 &&
gX²Jwéñdê$nr ^mZy CX`m `oVm§ Ÿ& {dœm^mgy OmVm§ Z bJo doiy &&3Ÿ&&
AÛ¡V pñWVrMm H$ar Omo {dH$mg Ÿ& gH$bhr _m`m^mg Zmemo{Z`m§ Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
Zmemo{Z`m§ gmar _m`oMr Vr amV Ÿ& Mm§XÊ`m ZmerV kmZmkmZ &&5Ÿ&&
km{Z`mgr XoV AÜ`mË_mM| kmZ Ÿ& OmJ¥Vr gw{XZ H$ar Omo H$s¨ &&6Ÿ&&
Á`mÀ`m CX`mZ| AmË_kmZ Ñï>r Ÿ& {_imo{Z`m§ H$ï>r hmoVr Z Ord &&7Ÿ&&
~w{Õ-~moYmM| Omo H$amoZr _rbZ Ÿ& KS>dr g_mYmZ g_agVoM| Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
{MXmH$meJ¥ht gX²Jwéñdê$nr ^mZy Ÿ& {ZOmZ§Xt Ü`mZy KS>drV Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
gX²JwéH¥$no§ OmB© CSw>Zr gma| Û¡V Ÿ& ^oX Z ahmV a|g^ar Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo XohmdgmZ / 65
 lr~m~m§Mm ^º$-g_mJ_
lr.XÎmmÌo` {XJ§~a dmKmocrH$a ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW gZ 1943-44 nmgyZ
lr~m~m§H$S>o Zoh_r `oV AgV. Vo lr~m~m§Zm Zoh_r ""CnmgZm H$er H$amdr ?'' `m~Ôc
{dMmarV AgV. `mda lr~m~m åhUV, ""AmH$memV nmhmdo, AmaemV nmhmdo.'' `m
eãXm§Mm H$mhrhr ~moY Z Pmë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr nwÝhm {dMmaco Va lr~m~m åhUV, ""S>moio
{_Qy>Z ñdñW ~gmdo.''
lr.dmKmocrH$am§À`m ~{hUrMo c¾ O_oZm åhUyZ Ë`m§Mo AmB©dS>rc Q>Ho $sg Amco hmoV.o
lr.dmKmocrH$am§À`m d{S>cm§Zr Amncr {dd§MZm lr~m~m§À`m H$mZr KmVcr. ""nwîH$i
ñWio nmhÿZ Pmcr nU Hw$R>M o `moJ OwiV Zmhr. BVH$m {\$a{\$a [\$acmo nU AmVm _mÌ _r
IMyZ Jocmo` !'' lr~m~m§Zr gd© EoH$y Z KoVco d \$º$ ""AÌr JmoÌ, gwIr ^d !'' EdT>M o
CX²>Jma H$mT>c.o Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo `m g§dmXmZ§Va Ho$di AmR> {Xdgm§V Ë`m _wcrMo
c¾ Owico. {deof åhUOo Á`mÀ`mer c¾ R>aco, Ë`mMo JmoÌ AÌrM hmoV.o
cmH$S>o ZmhrV åhUyZ ñd`§nmH$ ~§X
hoM dmKmocrH$a EH$Xm lr~m~m§À`m Kar gH$miÀ`m doir Xe©ZmgmR>r Joco hmoV.o
lr~m~m nyOm H$arV hmoV.o ~amM doi Wm§~ë`mZ§Va lr.dmKmocrH$a åhUmco, ""Xwnma
Pmcr. _r {ZKVmo AmVm. Vw_Mr OodUmMr doi Pmcr Agoc Zm ?'' lrAmB©gmho~ {VWo
OdiM hmoË`m. Ë`m dmKmocrH$am§Zm åhUmë`m, ""AmO OodUmcm gwÅ>r. ñd`§nmH$mMr
cmH$S>oM g§ncr AmhoV. Myc noQ>{dUma H$emZo ?'' ho CX²>Jma EoHy$Z lr.dmKmocrH$am§À`m
AmVS>çmcm nri nS>ë`mgmaIo Pmco. Ë`m§Zr Vm~S>Vmo~ dImarVyZ AYm© _U cmH$S>o
AmUyZ lr~m~m§À`m Kar Q>mH$cr, Voìhm Ë`m§Zm WmoS>o hcHo$ dmQ>co. na§Vw lr~m~m§gma»`m
Wmoa {d^yVrcm, cm¡{H$H$ÑîQ>çmXoIrc CÀM{e{jV, A{YH$manXmdê$Z {Zd¥Îm Pmcoë`m
Am{U g_mOmV ""amdgmho~'' åhUyZ _mZmZo Á`m§Mm C„oI hmoV Ago Aem ì`º$scm,
Mwcrcm cmH$S>o ZmhrV åhUyZ XmoZ àhamÀ`m ^moOZmMr ^«mV§ nS>mdr, hm X¡dXw{d©cmg
nmhÿZ Ë`m§Mo _Z {IÞ Pmco.
lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm gX²>Jwé§À`m àn§MmVrc Am{W©H$ AmoT>mVmU nmhÿZ
\$ma Xw:I hmoV Ago. AmnU lr~m~m§À`m g§gmamcm hmV^ma cmdmdm Ago gmaIo Ë`m§À`m
_ZmV `oB©. Ë`m§Mo H$m`_ dmñVì` Oar nwÊ`mV Zgco Var Vo AZoH$dma lr~m~m§À`m

66 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Xe©ZmgmR>r `oV AgV. lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm àn§MmV hmoUmao H$ï> nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m A§V:H$aUmMr
àM§S> Kmc_oc hmoB©. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {ZjyZ Amkm Ho$cr hmoVr H$s, ""Vy _mÂ`m
àn§Mmcm H$gcrhr _XV H$amd`mMr Zmhrg.'' gX²>Jwé§À`m AmkonwT>o lr_hmamOm§Mm
{Zénm` Pmcm. Xwgar Jmoï> åhUOo lr~m~m§Mr àmn§{MH$ pñWVr dada nmhVmZm Oar
gm_mÝ` g§gmar _mUgmÀ`m {dnÞmdñWoà_mUo ^mgV hmoVr Var Ë`m XmohmoV O_rZ-
Añ_mZmMm \$aH$ hmoVm. XohàmaãY ^moJZy g§n{dÊ`mÀ`m Om{UdoVZy lr~m~m§Zr Vr ñdoÀN>Zo o
ñdrH$macocr hmoVr. ""{XgVr XmoÝhr gmaIr Ÿ& d_© OmUr Vmo nmaIr Ÿ&'' `m g§V-dMZmZwgma
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lr~m~m§À`m gm§gm[aH$ n[apñWVrMo ho Acm¡{H$H$ ahñ`
OmUV hmoV.o Ago Agco VarXoIrc gX²>Jéw d§ arc ào_m_wio ho gd© nmhÿZ Ë`m§Mo A§V:H$aU
H$ï>r Pmë`mdmMyZ amhmV Zgo.
lr.dmKmocrH$am§Mo dS>rc lr Xoe_wI _hmamO ZmdmÀ`m EH$m gËnwéfm§À`m Xe©Zmcm
OmV AgV. Ë`m§Zr lrjoÌ JmUJmnya `oWo Xoh R>do Ê`mnydu dmKmocrH$am§À`m d{S>cm§Mm
COdm hmV nH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s, ""_mñVa hm Vw_Mm hmV XÎmmÌo`m§Mo hmVmV
{Xcocm Amho. KÅ> nH$S>m.'' ømda Vo åhUmco, ""_hmamO _cm H$go g_OUma H$moU XÎm
Amho Vo ? VwåhrM XÎm_hmamOm§Zm _mPm hmV KÅ> nH$S>Ê`mg gm§JmŸ!'' Vo åhUmco,
""~a§, ~a§ nH$S>Vrc h§ !'' nwT>o 5-7 _{hÝ`m§VM lr Xoe_wI _hmamO {ZdV©co. Ë`mZ§Va
df©^amZo lr.dmKmocrH$a ho lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg OmD$ cmJë`mda Ë`m§Mo dS>rcgwÕm
EHo$ {Xder lr~m~m§H$S>o Joco. Ë`m§Zr ""Iao gËnwéf H$go AmoiImdoV ?'' `m {df`mda
lr~m~m§er ~amM doi ~mocUo Mmc{dco. eodQ>r lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm BVHo$M åhUmco, ""
_cm Ooìhm H$moUr gËnwéf ^oQ>oc Voìhm _r Vmo Vwåhmcm XmIdrZ. Vwåhmcm Hw$Ur ^oQ>ë`mg
Vwåhr _cm XmIdm.'' Ago åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm COdm hmV Amnë`m hmVmV KoVcm d åhUmco,
""H$m`, AgmM hmVmV hmV {Xcm hmoVm Zm ?'' lr~m~m§Zr Aem VèhoZo nydu KS>cëo `m
lr Xoe_wI _hmamOm§~amo~aÀ`m KQ>ZoMr gmj XoVmM lr.dmKmocrH$am§À`m d{S>cm§Mm
^«_ Xya Pmcm d Ë`m§Zr VmËH$mi ""AmnUM _mPo Jwé AmhmV'' Ago åhUyZ lr~m~m§À`m
MaUm§da S>mHo $o R>do co. `m doir Xwgam EH$ M_ËH$ma KS>cm. lr~m~m§À`m ImocrVrc
{dPcoë`m MwcrVrc cmH$S>mZ§ r EH$X_ noQ> KoVcm Am{U Ë`m§Mr H$_aoBVH$s C§M Ádmcm
CR>cr. lr~m~m CX²Jmaco, ""cmH$S>mV A¾r AgVmoM. Vmo àH$Q> Pmcm.''
nmn Úm`cm V`ma Zmhr Va nwÊ` H$m` XoUma ?
lr~m~m§H$S>o Xe©ZmgmR>r `oUmè`m ì`º$s¨g_moa nwîH$i doim ""_r Jar~ ~«m÷U Amho,

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 67
_cm Iyn H$O© AgyZ n¡emMr \$ma Amdí`H$Vm Amho.'' Ago CX²Jma Vo H$mT>rV AgV.
EH$Xm EH$ J¥hñW Ë`m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Amco AgVm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {dMmaco, ""Vwåhmcm
nJma {H$Vr ?'' Ë`mda Ë`m§Zr CÎma {Xco ""ghmeo én`o.'' ho EoH$y Z lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`mOdi
nÞmg én`o CgZo _m{JVco. na§Vw Amnë`m Odi {VVHo$ n¡go ZmhrV Ago Ë`m J¥hñWmZo
gm§{JVco. dmñV{dH$ Ë`m {Xder _{hÝ`mMr VrZ VmarI hmoVr. Ë`m_wio nÞmg én`o
Odi ZmhrV ho Ë`m J¥hñWmMo CÎma nQ>Ê`mgmaIo ZìhVo. lr~m~m Ë`mda BVHo$M åhUmco,
""n¡gm ho nmn Amho. Vwåhr nmn Úm`cm V`ma Zmhr Va nwÊ` H$m` XoUma ?'' Vmo J¥hñW
IOrc hmoD$Z VoWZy {ZKyZ Jocm.
aº$s Amd ñdV: ^moJyZ ~ar Ho$cr
lr.am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a `m§Mm _wcJm gmYmaU XrS> dfmªMm AgVmZm Ë`mcm EH$mEH$s
aº$s Amd gwê$ Pmcr. amoO Xhm-n§Yam Owcm~ hmoV. àW_ KaJwVr Am¡fYo Pmcr. na§Vw
H$mhrM JwU {XgoZm åhUyZ S>m°ŠQ>am§Mo BcmO Pmco. à»`mV E_.S>r. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm AmUyZ
AmR>-Xhm {Xdg CnMma Ho$co. H$emMmhr Cn`moJ Z hmoVm _wcmÀ`m A§Jmda gyO `oD$
cmJcr. BVH$s H$s Vmo XrS> dfmªMm _wcJm Mma-nmM dfmªÀ`m _wcmà_mUo {Xgy cmJcm.
S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Amem gmoS>cr. ""AmVm Am_Mo à`ËZ g§nco, XodmÀ`m BÀN>oda gd© gmoSy>`m,
_cm ~mocmdygÕ w m ZH$m,'' Aem eãXm§V S>mŠ° Q>am§Zr Amncr AJ{VH$Vm ì`º$ Ho$cr.
gd© Cnm` IwQ§ >ë`mda Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o OmD$Z _wcmÀ`m AmOmamMr BËW§^Vy h{H$H$V
H$WZ Ho$cr. lr~m~m Ë`m doir H$mhrM ~mocco ZmhrV. lr.OmoJioH$a amoO lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o
OmV Voìhm lr~m~m, ""AmO {H$Vr Owcm~ Pmco ?'' Ago {dMmarV d dhrV AmH$S>m
{Q>nZy R>do rV. n{hë`m {Xder {dgmMm AmH$S>m, Xwgè`m {Xder n§Yam Am{U {Vgè`m
{Xder Xhm Aem Zm|Xr Ë`m§Zr H$ê$Z KoVë`m. Ë`mZ§Va Mm¡Ï`m {Xder gH$mir gmS>Xo hm
dmOVm lr.OmoJioH$a Ooìhm Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Joco d _wcmMr h{H$H$V amoOÀ`mà_mUo
lr~m~m§À`m H$mZmda KmcyZ ""`oVmo'' åhUmco Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Wm§~dco. åhUmco,
""~¡g. OmVmog Hw$R>o ? _r em¡Mmcm OmD$Z `oVmo Vmoda OmD$ ZH$mog.'' lr.am_^mD§$Zm
naV Om`Mr KmB© AgyZgwÕm Vo Wm§~co.
WmoS>çm doimZo lr~m~m em¡MmhÿZ Amco. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Mo gJio YmoVa aº$mZo Vm§~S>o
cmc Pmco hmoV.o Vo åhUmco, ""Km~ê$ ZH$mog. _cm aº$s Amd Pmcr. AmVm VwÂ`m
_wcmcm Amam_ nS>c o . Ë`mcm _r dmM{dUma Amho.'' lr~m~m nwT>o åhUmco, ""AmVm
_wcmcm Hw$UmMohr Am¡fY Úm`Mo Zmhr. Ë`mMm AmOma Vwåhmcmhr WmoS>m ^moJmdm cmJoc.

68 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

AmVm Om !'' Kar Amë`mZ§Va lr.OmoJioH$a `m§Zm cmJmonmR> VrZ {Xdg aº$s AmdoMm
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d hiyhiy hþemar dmQy>Z Vmo Mm§Jcm hgy Ioiy cmJcm. EH$XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr Ë`m§Mo S>m°ŠQ>a
Ë`m§Zm añË`mV ^oQ>c.o hm _wcJm EìhmZm _aU nmdcm AgUma `m {df`r Ë`m§Mr BVH$s
ImÌr hmoVr H$s Ë`m§Zr OmoJioH$am§er EH$X_ gm§ËdZmMr ^mfm gwê$ Ho$cr. _wcJm Kar
IoiV Amho Ago Ë`m§Zm OmoJioH$am§Zr gm§JVmM Ë`m§Mm {dœmg ~goZm. eodQ>r
Iè`mImoQ>çmMr ehm{Zem H$aÊ`mgmR>r Vo Kar `oD$Z g_j ~KyZ Joco Am{U g_moaM
_wcmcm IoiVmZm nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`m {^d`m Amü`m©Zo {dñ\$maë`m. lr.OmoJioH$am§À`m
Vm|S>yZ lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m _wcmcm nwZO©Ý_ {Xë`mMr h{H$H$V H$iVmM Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mo
loð>Ëd _mÝ` Ho$co.
nwT>o H$mhr {Xdgm§Z§Va lr.OmoJioH$a `m§Zr ho H$go KS>co `m {df`r lr~m~m§H$S>o
Hw$Vyhc ì`º$ Ho$co AgVm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""VwÂ`m _wcmMo nwT>À`m OÝ_mVco Am`wî`
Amåhr _mJyZ KoVco.''
lr.am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a ho IS>H$sÀ`m Am°S>©ZÝg \°$ŠQ>arV ZmoH$arcm hmoVo. {VWo
H°$ßQ>Z H°$_m°H$ ZmdmMm EH$ `wamo{n` A{YH$mar hmoVm. Ë`m§À`mM Am°{\$g_Yrc {_g²
OmoÝg ZmdmÀ`m ZIaoc _wcr~amo~a Ë`mMo AZ¡{VH$ g§~Y§ hmoV.o EH$ {Xdg AZno{jVarË`m
lr.OmoJioH$a `m§Zr Am°{\$gÀ`m AmdmamV `m XmoKm§Zm Aemo^Zr` AdñWoV nm{hco.
H°$ßQ>ZZo H$mhr doimZo lr.OmoJioH$a `m§Zm ~mocmdyZ KoVco d amJmZo cmc~w§X hmoD$Z ""Vy
AmVm ZmoH$arda H$gm {Q>H$Vmog VoM _r nmhmVmo'' Aer Y_H$s {Xcr. Voìhm Vo Km~aco
d gmar h{H$H$V lr~m~m§À`m H$mZr KmVcr. lr~m~m§Zr gd© EoH$y Z KoVco d åhUmco,
""Ë`m _wcrÀ`m _m\©$V, Ë`m VwÂ`m H°$ßQ>Zcm ~\$s© ZoD$Z Xo.'' lr.OmoJioH$am§Zr Amkm
{eagmd§Ú _mZyZ Ë`mà_mUo Ho$co _mÌ AZ² Xwgè`mM {Xder M_ËH$ma KS>cm. Ë`m
`wamo{n` H°$ßQ>ZMr _mXmJmñH$acm VmVS>rZo ~Xcr Ho$ë`mMm hþHy$_ \$moZdê$Z {_imcm.
Ë`mMm MmO©gÕ w m VmVS>rZo, OmoJioH$a `m§ZmM ¿`mdm cmJcm.
Z§Va EH$ {Xdg {gJaoQ> AmoT>VmAmoT>Vm lr~m~m EH$mEH$s åhUmco, ""_erZJZMm
AmdmO EoH$m`cm `oVmo`. Aao, VwPm Vmo H°$ßQ>Z _ocm !'' nwT>o WmoS>çmM {Xdgm§Zr Ë`m§À`m
Am°{\$g_Yrc {_g² OmoÝgH$Sy>Z H°$ßQ>Z cT>mB©V _oë`mMr ~mV_r Ë`m§Zm EoH$m`cm {_imcr.
OmdB©~mny§Zm ^monù`mÀ`m \$moS>r
EH$Xm lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy, H$ë`mUMo lr.amOm^mD$ {^S>o `m§Mo OmdB© lr._wHw§$X

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 69
nwéfmoÎm_ AmoH$ ho Yw_mi {~ëS>tJ_Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r àW_M Amco hmoVo. Vo
dmS>çmV Mm¡H$er H$arV hmoVo H$s lr~m~m Hw$R>o amhVmV. BVŠ`mV ñdV: lr~m~m§ZrM
{OÝ`mdê$Z lr.AmoH$ `m§Zm ""`m OmdB©~dw m'' åhUyZ hmH$ _macr. Ë`m§Zm IamoIa ñdV:Mo
OmdB©M Kar Amë`mgmaIm AmZ§X Pmcm. Ë`m AmZ§XmÀ`m ^amV gJio Ka {\$ê$Z
XmIdco. XodKa, Xodm§Mo \$moQ>mo gd© XmI{dco. Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Voìhm {OÝ`mÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOycm
Imoë`m hmoË`m. _J Amnë`m _§S>itMr, lrAmB©gmho~m§Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z {Xcr. lr~m~m
_moR>çm CËgmhmV Amcoë`m nmhþÊ`m§Mo ñdmJV H$aVmZm nmhÿZ lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm WmoS>o
Amü`©M dmQ>c.o Ë`m ñd`§nmH$KamV ^mOrgmR>r AmUcocm Vm§~S>m ^monim {MaV hmoË`m.
lr~m~m§Mo cj Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmVmM Vo IwerV `oD$Z åhUmco, ""Ahmo OmdB©~mny§Zm H$m`
XoUma ? Ag§ H$am, Ë`m ^monù`mÀ`m XmoZ N>mZem \$moS>r, ~erVyZ Úm !'' ho EoH$VmM
lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr H$nmimcm hmV cmdcm. åhUmë`m, ""Vwåhr ~gm, _r Ë`m§Zm Mhm
H$ê$Z XoVo. Omd`mcm Hw$R>§ ^monù`mÀ`m \$moS>r XoVmV dmQ>V§ ?''
lr~m~m ""~a§ ~a§, R>rH$ Amho. H$am Mhm H$am !'' Ag§ åhUyZ ~mhoaÀ`m ImocrV
nmhþÊ`m§Zm ~gm`cm KoD$Z Joc.o EImXo chmZ ~mcH$ Amncr H$ënZm Hw$UmcmM ng§V
Zmhr ho nmhÿZ Ogo _ZmV IÅz> ìhmdo Vem {ZamJgVoZo lr~m~m§Zr nmhþÊ`m§Mr ga~amB©Mo
H$m_ gmoSy>Z {Xco.
öX`{dH$ma ~am Ho$cm
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H$ë`mUcm amhmV AgV Am{U H$ë`mUhÿZ _wÔm_ nwÊ`mcm, lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r
AZoH$Xm `oV AgV. AgoM EH$Xm Vo nwÊ`mcm lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o Amcoco AgVmZm Z_ñH$ma
H$ê$Z Imcr ~gUma BVŠ`mV, KmB©KmB©Zo Ë`m§Zm CR>dZy lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Aao, VwPr
H$mHy$ {VH$S>o H$ë`mUcm AmOmar Amho Am{U Vy BW§ ~gyZ H$m` amhmVmog ? Mc, CR>
AJmoXa.'' _J Odi EH$ Zmai hmoVm. Vmo CMcyZ lr.{^S>o `m§Zm {Xcm d gm§{JVco,
""hm VwÂ`m Ë`m H$mHy$cm ZoD$Z Xo Am{U Ë`mVc§ nmUr ß`m`cm gm§J.''
lr.{^S>o Amkm à_mU _mZyZ Vm~S>Vmo~ Amë`m nmdcr H$ë`mUcm naVco. nmhVmV
Vmo IamoIaM Ë`m§À`m H$mHy$§ Mr àH¥$Vr qMVmOZH$ hmoVr. Ë`m§À`mda à»`mV öX`amoJ
VÁk S>m.° gmR>o `m§Mo CnMma Mmcco hmoV.o S>mŠ° Q>am§À`m _VmZwgma Ë`m§À`m öX`mMo AdmOdr
àgaU Pmcoco hmoVo d n[apñWVr J§^ra hmoVr. \$ma H$miOr ¿`md`mg hdr Ago Ë`m§Zr
KamVrc _§S>itZm ~OmdyZ R>do co hmoV.o lr.{^S>o `m§Zr gd© h{H$H$V EoH$y Z KoVcr Am{U

70 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

lr~m~m§À`m hmVMm àgmXmMm Zmai Vm~S>Vmo~ \$moS>cm Am{U Ë`mVrc nmUr Amnë`m
AmOmar H$mHy$cm ß`m`cm cmdco.
nmUr nmoQ>mV Joë`m jUmnmgyZ Ë`m§Zm WmoS>rer hþemar dmQy> cmJcr d AmUIr
EH$XmoZ {Xdg Joë`mda Ë`m§À`m OrdmdaMm YmoH$m Q>icm Ago gdmªZm dmQy> cmJco.
AmR>dS>çm^amZo àH¥$Vr Iyner gwYmacr Ago dmQ>ë`mZ§Va Ë`m nwÝhm S>m°.gmR>o `m§À`mH$S>o
VnmgUrgmR>r Joë`m. S>m°ŠQ>am§ZmgwÕm àH¥$VrV Pmcocr gwYmaUm nmhÿZ Amü`© dmQ>co.
I~aXmarMm Cnm` åhUyZ nwÝhm EH$Xm Ë`m§Zr öX`mMo ñH«$sZtJ Ho$co. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Mo
öX` {ZamoJr ì`º$sà_mUo gd©gmYmaU AmH$mamMo Agcoco nmhVmM Vo M{H$V Pmco.
d¡ÚH$s` emñÌmÀ`m {Z`_m§Zm YwS>H$mdyZ cmdyZ, H$mHy§$Mr àH¥$Vr gwYmacr hmoVr. hr
dñVwpñWVr Ë`m§Zm _mÝ` H$aUo H$R>rU OmV hmoV;o na§Vw àË`j S>mù
o `m§Zr nmhmV Agë`m_wio
Ë`mda {dœmg R>do mdmM cmJcm. `m H$mHy$ `mZ§Va AmUIr nmM df} OJë`m. lr~m~m§À`m
H¥$nmn«gmXmZoM ho dmT>rd Am`wî` Ë`m§Zm àmá Pmco hmoVo.
lrH$mer-{dœoœamZo Xe©Z {Xco
H$mer`mÌoÀ`m àg§Jr lr~m~m gmaIo ñdV:erM åhUV hmoV,o ""lr_hmamOm§Zm Vwåhr
Xe©Z {XcoV. Amåhmcm Ho$ìhm XoUma ?'' Ë`m {Xder lr~m~m§Zr H$mer-{dœoœamÀ`m
_§{XamV cKwéX« R>a{dcm hmoVm. _§{XamV {ZKÊ`mnydu lr~m~m gdmªZm åhUV hmoV,o ""Á`mcm
g§nyU© H$mer-{dœoœamMo Xe©Z nm{hOo Agoc Ë`mZo Am_À`m~amo~a Mcmdo. Amåhr
AmVm Xe©ZmgmR>rM Mmccmo AmhmoV.'' lrH$mer-{dœoœamMr qnS>r Eadr OdiOdi
g§nUy © nmÊ`mImcr AgVo d qcJmMm WmoS>mgm daMm ^mJ VodT>mM H$m` Vmo nmhmd`mg
{_iVmo. \$º$ _Ü`m•H$mir Ooìhm lrH$mer-{dœoœamMr nyOm H$aVmV, Voìhm gd© ^mJ
nmUr H$mTy>Z Q>mHy$Z, nwgyZ H$moaS>m H$aVmV. Ë`m_wio emiw§Ho$g{hV g§nyU© {edqcJmMo
Xe©Z KoVm `oVo.
XwnmaMr doi Agë`mZo lr~m~m§Zr {dMmê$ZgwÕm `mÌocm Amcoë`m _§S>itn¡H$s
Hw$Umcm Ë`m§À`mg_doV OmÊ`mMr ~wÕr Pmcr Zmhr. lr~m~m§Zr ~amo~aÀ`m _§S>itn¡H$s
lr._wHw§$X nwéfmoÎm_ AmoH$ `m§Zm Amnë`mgmo~V {ZKm`cm gm§{JVco. XmoKohr _§{XamV
nmohmoMco Voìhm Ë`m§Mm cKwéÐm{^foH$ nyU© Pmcm hmoVm.
joÌmonmÜ`m` lr.AmQ>mio ZmdmMo JwéOr hmoV.o Vo VrW© KoD$Z `oÊ`mgmR>r ~mOycm
Hw$R>Vo ar Joco hmoV.o VodT>çmV EH$ C§Mmnwam, àgÞ ì`{º$_ÎdmMm, nm§T>am A§JaIm KmVcocm,
Jìhmi dUm©Mm EH$ J¥hñW VoWo XadmOmV ÑîQ>rg nS>cm. Vmo {VWo Hw$Ry>Z, Ho$ìhm Amcm

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 71
ho H$mhr H$ico Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Ë`mMo {VWo àH$Q> hmoUo, ho Ë`mjUrgwÕm lr.AmoH$ `m§Zm
M_ËH$mamà_mUoM dmQ>co. Ë`m J¥hñWmZo lr~m~m§Zm ào_^amZo H$S>H$Sy>Z AmqcJZ {Xco.
Voìhm lr~m~m CX²>Jmaco, ""AmO h[aham§Mr ^oQ> KSy>Z Amcr ~a§ H$m !'' Ë`mZ§Va lr.AmoH$
`m§Zm Ë`m J¥hñWmÀ`m nm`m nS>Ê`mg gm§{JVco. Ë`mZohr Ë`m§Zm nmoQ>mer KoD$Z
Hw$admië`mà_mUo Ho$co. Oam doimZo XmoKohr Amnë`m _w¸$m_mÀ`m OmJr naV Amco.
lr~m~m gdmªZmM CÔoeZy åhUmco, ""Vwåhr H$moUr Am_À`m~amo~a Amcm ZmhrV nU
Amåhmcm H$mer-{dœoœamMo Xe©Z Pmco.''
lr~m~m§Mo ho eãX EoH$VmM lr.AmoH$ `m§À`m S>mŠo `mV c»I àH$me nS>cm. Vo
gwÕm _ZmV {dMma H$arV hmoVo H$s `m naàm§VmV lr~m~m§Zm AmqcJZ XoÊ`mBVH$s gcJr
XmI{dUmam hm An[a{MV J¥hñW H$moU Agmdm ~ao ? Vo àË`j H¡$cmgZmW hmoVo ho
lr~m~m§À`m _wImVyZ Ooìhm EoH$co Voìhm nyU© CcJS>m Pmcm.
H$mi|Zm lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§Zr godog {Xco
lr.Zaha ^mZwXmg H$mio ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW gw_mao 1936 gmcmnmgyZ lr~m~m§Zr
Xoh R>odrn`ªV åhUOo gZ 1954 n`ªV lr~m~m§Mo godoV hmoVo. ho Ho$gar dV©_mZnÌmÀ`m
H$m`m©c`mV ày\$ H$aoŠQ>a åhUyZ ZmoH$ar H$arV AgV. lr~m~m§Mm Iyn ghdmg Ë`m§Zm
cm^cm hmoVm. lr.H$mio hm Amncm nyd©OÝ_rMm godH$ Amho ho OmUyZ lr~m~m§Zr
Ë`m§Zm Amnë`mOdi R>do Zy KoVco hmoV.o ho lr.H$mio Amnco gX²>Jéw lr~m~mM AmhoV
Ago gdmªZm gm§JV AgV na§Vw ho Iao Zìho. Ë`m§Mo lr~m~m§er {eî`mMo ZmVo ZgyZ ^º$
d godoH$ar hoM Iao ZmVo hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo Jwé lr {dœZmW _hmamO Ho$gH$a ho hmoVo. `m
Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§Zm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr Ñï>m§VÛmam Amkm Pmcr H$s, ""`m VwÂ`m
{eî`mcm (lr.H$mio `m§Zm) lramdgmho~m§À`m godogmR>r Xo.'' Vo Voìhm lr.H$mio `m§Zm
KoD$Z lr~m~m§H$S>o Amco Voìhm H$mi|À`m JwéH§ $Sy>Z (lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z) lr~m~m§Zr
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§nwT>o _R>mV Zmai R>od{dcm. Ë`m àg§Jr lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§Zr
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr àmW©Zm Ho$cr d lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm åhUmco, ""Amncr
Amkm à_mU _mZyZ `m _mÂ`m {eî`mcm (lr.H$mio) AmOnmgyZ _r lramdgmho~m§À`m
godgo mR>r {Xcm Amho.
VoìhmnmgyZ Vo lr~m~m§À`m Kar OmD$Z, nS>oc Vo H$m_ H$aUo, lr~m~m Hw$R>o Omd`mMo
Agë`mg Ë`m§À`m ~amo~a OmUo, Ë`m§Zm gm§^miUo, Q>m§½`mV ~g{dUo Aer gd© godm
lr.H$mio H$arV AgV. AdVma g_márÀ`m nydu XmoZ df} lr~m~m§Zr H$mio `m§Zm Odi

72 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

~mocmdyZ gm§{JVco, ""lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr, _mÂ`m gX²>Jéw M § r Amkm åhUyZ AmOn`ªV
VwPr godm ñdrH$macr. AmVm VwPo _mÂ`mH$S>rc H$m_ g§nco. Voìhm AmVm Vy Amnë`m
ñdV:À`m JwéH$S>o (lr Ho$gH$a _hmamO) naV Omdog ho ~ao.''
lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOgwÕm lr.H$mio `m§Zm Amnë`mH$S>o naV ~mocmdrV hmoVo. na§Vw Vo
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Joco ZmhrV. Ooìhm lr.H$mio naV Omd`mg V`ma hmoB©ZmV Voìhm Aem
_mUgmcm AmnU AmOn`ªV Amnë`m godgo mR>r R>do Zy KoVco `m Jmoï>rMm nümÎmmn _mZyZ,
lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m d`mÀ`m 69-70ì`m dfu ñdV:Mo H$mZ Q>moMdyZ KoVco. gw_mao
1952-53 gmcmV KS>cc o r hr KQ>Zm nwîH$i cmoH$m§Zm kmV Amho.
lr.H$mio `m§Zm ZmoH$ar lr~m~m§ZrM cmdyZ {Xcr hmoVr. Ë`m§Mr ^{JZr lr_Vr _WyVmB©
hr gwÕm lr~m~m§Mr ^º$M hmoVr. lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m {Z`m©UmZ§Va Vr amoO OodUmMm
S>~m ^ê$Z lr~m~m§H$S>o nmR>drV Ago. lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm `m~Ôc Xa_hm ^anya n¡gohr XoV
AgV. lr~m~m§À`m _ZmV Amco Va Ë`mVrc AÞ Vo OodrV AgV AÝ`Wm Vmo S>~m
VgmM ^acocm, lr.H$mio `m§Mo Kar OmV Ago. Xwgamhr EH$ S>~m lr.AmnQ>o `m§À`m
Kê$Z `oV Ago. Ë`mMohr Xa_hm {Z`{_V n¡go lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z {Xco OmV AgV.
`_amOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mr Amkm nmicr
Ho$gar dV©_mZnÌmV lr.jragmJa ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW Mr\$ ày\$ H$aoŠQ>a åhUyZ
ZmoH$ar H$arV AgV. Ë`m§Zm EH$Xm Agm Ñï>mV§ Pmcm H$s AmnU EH$m {d{d{jV VmaIog
BhcmoH$mMm {Zamon KoUma AmhmoV. lr.Z.^m.H$mio hogÕ w m Ho$gar Am°{\$g_Ü`oM jragmJa
`m§À`m hmVmImcr H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm hr Jmoï> gm§{JVcr. lr~m~m§Zr
gd© EoHy$Z KoVco d lr.H$mio `m§Zm Ë`m H°$c|S>a_Ü`o Ë`m VmaIoda \w$cr _mê$Z R>odmd`mg
gm§{JVco.
lr~m~m§À`m `m H¥$VrMm AW© lr.jragmJam§Mm _¥Ë`y lr~m~m Q>miUma AmhoV Agm
cmdyZ lr.H$mio `m§Zr Vgo Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco. nU jragmJam§Zm `m Jmoï>rMm {dœmg dmQ>cm
Zmhr. Vo H$mi|Zm åhUmco, ""_mPm _¥Ë`y {Z{üV Amho. Vmo Hw$Umcmhr Q>miVm `oUo eŠ`
Zmhr.'' lr.H$mio `m§À`m _ZmV AmVm nwT>o H$m` KS>Vo `m ~m~VrV Hw$Vyhc OmJ¥V Pmco.
nwT>o Vmo {Xdg COmS>VmM lr.jragmJa Ë`m§Zm àmá Pmcoë`m nydg© M y ZoZgw ma AmgZ
KmcyZ _¥Ë`yMr àVrjm H$arV ~gco. Ë`m doir {_Q>cëo `m S>mù o `m§ZrM Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m
nwT>çmV lr~m~m d `_amO `m§Mm g§dmX Mmccocm nmhmd`mg {_imcm. `_amO hmVmV
nme KoD$Z lr.jragmJam§Mo àmU KoD$Z OmÊ`mg Amcoco AmhoV Am{U lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 73
gm§JVmhoV H$s, ""gÜ`m AmnU `m§Zm ZoD$ ZH$m.'' `mda `_amO lr~m~m§Zm gm§JV hmoVo,
""Ago Amåhr Hw$UmMmhr hþH$y _ _mZy cmJcmo Va Am_Mr nV Vr H$m` am{hcr ?'' ho
EoH$y Z lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Amåhr AmnUmcm {dZ§Vr Ho$cr Amho. `mCßna Amncr _Ou
Agoc Ë`mà_mUo H$amdo.'' ho EoH$ë`mda `_amOm§Mr {ÛYm _Z:pñWVr Pmcr. eodQ>r
lr~m~m§Zm Vo åhUmco, ""Amåhr Amncm hþH$y _ Zmhr _mZm`Mm Va H$moUmMm _mZm`Mm ?
Amåhr AmO Amnë`m {dZ§VrMm AmXa H$ê$Z naV OmVmo.'' Ago gm§JZy `_amO Jwá
Pmco. Ë`m~amo~a lr.jragmJam§Mo Ü`mZ ^§J nmdco. Aem àH$mao lr~m~m§À`m Acm¡{H$H$
gm_Ï`m©Mr à{MVr Amë`mZ§Va Vo AYyZ_YyZ lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oD$ cmJco.
lrg§V H$maImZrgH$mH$m
S>m.° JUoe Í`§~H$ H$maImZrg VWm lrg§V H$maImZrgH$mH$m ho g¡Ý`mVrc S>mŠ° Q>aMr
ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z gZ 1946 _Ü`o nwÊ`mV Amco. VoìhmnmgyZ Vo Yw_mi {~ëS>tJ_Ü`o
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r OmD$ cmJco. na§Vw \$ma nydu åhUOo gZ 1928-29 _Ü`o
lr~m~m {^S>o dmS>çmV BÝìh°{cS> noÝeZ KoD$Z amhmd`mg Amco Voìhm lrH$mH$m H$maImZrg
Ë`mM Amir_Ü`o amhmV hmoV.o Voìhm Ë`m§À`mg_doV BVa H$mhr OUm§Zm lr~m~m§Zr nwîH$i
doim IS>rgmaIaoMm àgmX hmVmda {Xë`mMo Ë`m§À`m gm§JÊ`mV `oV Ago. lrH$maImZrg
`m§Mo Jwé lrg§V JOmZZ _hmamO Jwáo ho hmoV. na§Vw lr~m~m§Mrhr `m§Mdo a \$ma H¥$nm hmoVr.
lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm ""nm§Sw>a§JmMr coH$ao AmhmV, B©œamMr H¥$nm Amho,'' Ago ~aoM doim
åhUV AgV.
EH$Xm _yR>^a Om|Yù`mMm hþaS>m lr~m~m§Zr lrH$mH$m H$maImZrg `m§À`m _wImV
ñdhñVo KmVcm hmoVm. VoìhmnmgyZ Ë`m§Mr M[aVmWm©Mr qMVm {_Q>cr. Ë`m§Mo dmñVì`
~hþVHo $ H$mi doimnya `m {R>H$mUr Ago. lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO gmOao H$arV
Agcoë`m {Za{Zamù`m CËgdmÀ`m àg§Jr Ë`m§Mo g_m{Y_§{XamV AZoH$Xm dmñVì` Ago.
lr~m~m§Mo H¥$noZo Vo {VWo àdMZogÕ
w m H$arV AgV.
lr.JOmZZ _hmamO Jwáo `m§À`mH$Sy>Z AZwJh« Pmë`mZ§Va EHo$ amÌr Vo Ü`mZYmaUm
H$arV AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm EH$mEH$s _Z AË`§V em§V hmoV Agë`mMm AZw^d `oD$ cmJcm
d Vo \$ma AmZ§{XV Pmco. Ë`mM jUr lr~m~m§Zr ~mocmdë`mMm {Zamon KoD$Z lr.dmKmocrH$a
_mñVa C{eam, nwîH i amÌ Pmcr AgVmZm Amco. lr H$maImZrgH$mH$m§Zm Amü`©
dmQ>c.o Vo S>mŠ° Q>a Agë`mZo Amncr ñQ>Wo moñH$mon dJ¡ao CnH$aUo Agcocr ~°J KoD$Z
lr~m~m§H$S>o Joc.o lr~m~m ñdñW ~gcoco hmoV.o Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm àH¥$Vr{df`r ""H$go

74 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

H$m`'' åhUyZ {dMmaVmM ""_cm Hw$R>o H$m` Pmco Amho ?'' Ago CcQ> {dMmaco. Pmon
cmJVo H$m ? åhUyZ {dMmaco Va lr~m~m åhUVmV, ""_cm Xwga§ H$m_M H$m` Amho. _r
{Xdg^a PmonZy M AgVmo.'' ""_J _cm H$emcm ~mocmdco ?'' Ago {dMmaë`mda,
""hr J§Jm Vw_À`mgmR>r R>odcr` Vr ß`m`cm ~mocm{dco hmoVo,'' Ago CÎma XoD$Z EH$ H$n
~mOycm hmoVm Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o {ZX}e Ho$cm. Ë`mV co_Z hmoVo. Vo ß`m`ë`mda lr~m~m§Zr
Ë`m§Mm hmV hmVmV KoD$Z ZmS>r nm{hcr d åhUmco, ""dm ! AmO Vw_Mr ZmS>r Am_À`m
ZmS>rgmaIr MmcVo` dmQ>V§ !'' Aem VèhoZo lr H$maImZrgm§Zm AmÜ`mpË_H$ AZw^dmMr
IyU nQ>cr.
"Ë`mMr Ho$g Am_À`mH$S>o Amho'
lr e§H$a _hmamOm§Mo EH$ {eî` S>m.° ZmJoe am_M§Ð YZoœa ho ZJa `oWo amhmV AgV.
Ë`m§Zm JwéH¥$noÀ`m `moJmZo H$mhr AVt{Ð` eº$r CXm. dmMm{gÕr, Am¡fY{gÕr Aem
àmá Pmë`m hmoË`m.
lr~m~m 1950 gmcr ZJa `oWo Joco AgVmZm S>mŠ° Q>a YZoœam§H$S>M o CVaco hmoV.o
S>mŠ° Q>am§Mr n[apñWVr gmYmaU Am{U H$S>H$. aoeqZJMo {Xdg Agë`m_wio lr~m~m
Am{U Ë`m§À`mg_doV Agcocr Xhm ~mam {eî` _§S>ir øm§Mr H$Xm{MV J¡agmo` hmoBc ©
Ago _ZmV AmUyZ ZJacmM amhmUmao S>mŠ° Q>a ndma lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg Amco AgVm
åhUmco, ""_hmamO, AmnU Am_À`m ~§Jë`mda Amë`mg gd© _ZmgmaIr gmo` hmoD$
eHo$c.'' S>m°ŠQ>a ndmam§Mm ~§Jcm, JmS>r, ZmoH$a MmH$a BË`mXr gwIgmo`tZr `wº$
Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr Ago åhQ>c;o na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr ZH$ma XoD$Z gm§{JVco, ""øm doir _cm
S>mŠ° Q>a YZoœam§H$S>M
o amhmÊ`mMr Amkm Pmcr Amho. _mÂ`mH$S>o Ë`m§Mr XmoZ H$m_o ìhmd`mMr
AmhoV Ë`m_wio AmÎmm VwÂ`mH$S>o `oUo O_Uma Zmhr.''
S>mŠ° Q>a YZoœam§H$S>o lr~m~m§Zr Mma {Xdg dmñVì` Ho$co. VoWo Amë`mZ§Va Xwgè`mM
{Xder S>mŠ° Q>am§Mm _moR>m _wcJm Zmam`UXÎm `mcm gm§{JVco, ""VwÂ`m ^mdmcm BH$S>o
AmU. _mÂ`m _m§S>rda Ë`mcm ¿`m`Mm Amho.'' S>mŠ° Q>a YZoœam§Mm hm Xwgam _wcJm,
à_moX _§X~wÕrMm hmoVm. Ë`mcm {\$Q²>g `oV AgV. ZmJoe åhUmcm, ""_hmamO, Ë`mcm
er-eyMrgwÕm g_O Zmhr. Vw_Mo H$nS>Xo I o rc Vmo Iam~ H$ê$Z R>do rc.'' lr~m~m åhUmco,
""H$ê$ Xo, nU Vy Ë`mcm BH$S>o KoD$Z `o. Ë`mcm ^oQ>md`mgmR>rM _r Img ZJacm Amcocmo
Amho.''
à_moXcm AmUyZ lr~m~m§À`m _m§S>rda ~gdco. OdiOdi EH$ Vmg lr~m~m Ë`mcm

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 75
KoD$Z WmonQ>V hmoVo. _ñVH$ Hw$admirV hmoVo. Z§Va Ë`mcm naV XoD$Z åhUmco, ""Amßnm,
(S>mŠ° Q>a YZoœa) _r Ë`mcm AmVm _moH$im Ho$cm` ~a§ H$m !'' gdmªMr g_OyV Pmcr
H$s, à_moX AmVm XwIÊ`mVyZ ~am hmoUma, ehmUm hmoUma. na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m eãXm§Mm
cú`mW© Agm hmoVm H$s Ë`mcm Ë`m ~w{ÕhrZ earamnmgyZ lr~m~m§Zr _wº$ Ho$co hmoVo. nwT>o
Vmo _wcJm {ZYZ nmdcm. ""XmoZ H$m_o H$amd`mMr AmhoV'' Ago lr~m~m§Mo CX²Jma hmoVo
Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ H$m_ à_moXÀ`m _wº$sMo hmoVo. Xwgè`m H$m_mMm CcJS>m Ë`m§Zm nwT>o Pmcm.
S>mŠ° Q>a YZoœam§Zm nwT>À`mM dfu gm`H$cdê$Z OmV AgVmZm M¸$a `oD$Z AnKmV
Pmcm. XJS>mda AmnQy>Z ~oeÕ w Pmco Am{U _m§S>rMo hmS> _moS>c.o cmoH$m§Zr cJoMM
{gpìhc hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o Ë`m§Zm XmIc Ho$co. {gpìhc gO©Z S>m°ŠQ>a ndma ho S>m°ŠQ>a
YZoœam§Mo ñZohrM hmoV.o Ë`m_wio VmËH$mi gd© ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Amcr. Xwgè`m {Xder
gH$mir EŠg-ao H$mT>cm Voìhm H${Q>~§YmÀ`m hmS>mMo Am{U _m§S>rÀ`m hmS>mMo àË`oH$
VrZ VwH$S>o Pmcoco hmoVo. JwS>¿`mMr dmQ>r nma M¸$mMya hmoD$Z Jocr hmoVr. BVŠ`m
JwV§ mJwV§ rÀ`m \«° ŠMacm ßcmñQ>a KmcUo eŠ` ZìhVo. S>mŠ° Q>a ndmagwÕm H$miOrV nS>co
H$maU Aem pñWVrV Ë`m§À`mnwT>o n`m©` hmoVm Vmo åhUOo nm` H$mnyZ H$mT>m`Mm (Am-
putation); H$maU Ago hmS>m§Mo VwH$S>o Z gm§YVm earamV VgoM R>odUo åhUOo _¥Ë`ycm
Am_§ÌUM R>aco AgVo. S>mŠ° Q>am§Zr YZoœam§Zm ømMr H$ënZm {Xcr. YZoœam§Zr EoH$co d
"~Ky' EdT>oM åhUyZ S>moio {_Q>co d ñdñW nSy>Z am{hco.
Ë`mM {Xder Xwnmar S>m°ŠQ>a ndmam§Zm nwÊ`mhÿZ EH$ nmoñQ>H$mS>© Amco. Ë`m§À`m Jwé§Mo
lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo Vo nÌ hmoVo .o nÌmVrc _OHy$a dmMVmM S>mŠ° Q>a ndma MH«$mdyZM
Joco. Ë`m§Zr Vm~S>Vmo~ Vo nÌ S>m°ŠQ>a YZoœam§À`m H$m°Q>Odi `oD$Z, Ë`m§Zm ~Kmd`mcm
{Xco. Ë`mV _OHy$a hmoVo, ""S>m°ŠQ>a YZoœam§À`m nm`mcm hmV cmdy ZH$mog. Ë`mMr Ho$g
Am_À`m hmVmV Amho. \$º$ Ë`mÀ`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo Vy H$a.''
S>mŠ° Q>a YZoœam§Zr _J XmoZ dmiyZo ^acoë`m {neì`m _mJ{dë`m. ñdV:M Amncr
hmS>o ZrQ> OwidyZ Ë`m§Zm AmYma Ë`m dmiyÀ`m {neì`m§Mm {Xcm. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm åhUmco,
""AmVm _r XmoZ _{hZo `m EH$mM pñWVrV \$º$ nSy>Z amhmUma Amho. ~hþVoH$ VodT>çm
_wXVrV hmS>o OwiZy `oVrc.'' S>mŠ° Q>a ndmam§Zr CnMma ~§X H$ê$Z ñdV:H$S>o \$º$ àojH$mMr
^y{_H$m KoVcr. amoO `oD$Z YZoœam§Mr \$º$ {dMmanyg H$arV AgV. gw_mao XrS> _{hÝ`mZ§Va
S>m°.YZoœam§Mm nm` qH${MV hmcMmc H$ê$ cmJcm. S>m°ŠQ>a ndmam§Mm Amnë`m S>moù`m§da
{dœmg ~goZm. ghm _{hÝ`m§ZV§ a Vo q^VrÀ`m AmYmamZo C^o amhÿ cmJco. hiyhiy gwYmaUm
hmoV hmoV Mma dfmªZV§ a Hw$~S>r KoD$Z MmcÊ`mBVnV àJVr Pmcr d eodQ>r Ë`m§Mmhr

76 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

AmYma gmoS>yZ MmcÊ`mBVH$s gwYmaUm Pmcr. AnKmVmMr AmR>dU åhUyZ Vmo nm`
WmoS>mgm AmIyS> Pmcm, BVHo$M H$m` Vo ì`§J am{hco. lr~m~m VmonmdoVmo g_m{YñW
Pmco hmoVo. na§Vw S>m°ŠQ>a ndmam§À`m S>moŠ`mV EH$ àý AZwÎmarVM am{hcm. Vmo åhUOo,
S>m°ŠQ>a YZoœam§Zm AnKmV Pmë`mÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder nmR>{dcoë`m nÌmV lr~m~m
Ë`m§À`m CnMmamMr gyMZm H$er H$m` XoVo Pmco ? AnKmV a{ddmar Pmcm hmoVm d
nÌmMr VmarI e{ZdmaMr hmoVr.
lr~m~m§Zr AmXë`m dfuÀ`m ZJaÀ`m ^oQ>rV YZoœam§Mr _mÂ`mH$S>o XmoZ H$m_o AmhoV
Agm S>m°ŠQ>a ndmam§H$S>o Omo C„oI Ho$cm hmoVm. Ë`mn¡H$s Xwgao H$m_ åhUOo hoM Va ZìhVo
Zm, Agm VH©$ Ë`m§Zr ñdV:erM Ho$cm. lr~m~m§À`m gd©M Jmoï>r JyT>, AJå` Am{U
VH$m©g Z CVaUmè`m AgV. hm àg§J Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$ åhUmdm cmJco.
lr~m~m§Mm {ZJwU
© JUnVr
EH$m JUoe MVwWuÀ`m nydu lr~m~m lr.H$mi|Zm åhUmco, ""`§Xm AmnU JUnVr
ñdV: V`ma H$ê$`m. Vy ~mOmamV OmD$Z Oo H$mhr gm_mZ Amdí`H$ AgVo, Vo gd© KoD$Z
`o.'' lr.H$mio `m§Zr Ë`mà_mUo XmoZ én`m§Mr emSy>Mr _mVr, a§J dJ¡ao gm_mZ Ë`m§Zm
AmUyZ {Xco. lr~m~m§Zr Vo gd© gm_mZ nm{hco d åhUmco, ""{Zå_o H$m_ Pmco. AmVm
nmUr KoD$Z `o åhUOo AmnU JUnVr V`ma H$ê$`m.'' lr.H$mio `m§Zr lrAmB©gmho~m§H$Sy>Z
nmUr _mJyZ AmUco. ""AmVm hm emSy> Ë`m nmÊ`mV AmoV åhUOo JUnVr V`ma hmoBc © .''
lr~m~m§À`m gm§JÊ`mMm H$mi|Zm CcJS>m hmoB©Zm. Vo åhUy cmJco, ""~m~m, nmÊ`mV
ZwgVm emSy> AmoVyZ JUnVr H$gm hmoUma ? Ë`mnojm _r Vwåhmcm _mVr ZrQ> qV~yZ XoVmo.
_J Ë`m _icoë`m _mVrMm JUnVr H$aVm `oBc © .''
""CJmM AmdmS>md H$ê$Z XmIdy ZH$mog. _r gm§JVmo Ë`mn«_mUo H$a. åhUOo ~K
H$gm gw§Xa JUnVr V`ma hmoB©c Vmo !'' AIoa lr.H$mio `m§Zr lr~m~m§À`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo
Ho$co. EH$m S>ã`mV Vmo emSy> d nmUr `m§Mo {_lU H$ê$Z Vmo ImocrÀ`m H$monè`mV R>odyZ
{Xcm. ""AmVm XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr JUnVr V`ma hmoB©c ~a§ H$m ! Vy Om VwÂ`m N>mnImÝ`mV.''
lr~m~m§Zr H$mi|Zm nmR>dyZ {Xco. XmoZ {Xdg lr.H$mio Ë`m S>ã`mH$S>o nmhmV d Ë`mÀ`mV
AmnmoAmn JUnVr H$gm H$m` V`ma hmoUma åhUyZ Zdc H$arV. eodQ>r Z amhmdyZ Vo
lr~m~m§Zm åhUmco, ""~m~m, nm{hc§V gJim emSy> dm`m Jocm. JUnVr H$mhr Pmcm
Zmhr. nmUr hmoV§ Vg§M Amho.''
""Aao, Vwcm g_OV Zmhr. {ZJwU © mMr gÎmm AJmY AgVo. JUnVr V`ma Pmcocm

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 77
Va _cm {XgVmo`. Vmo {ZJwU © Amho _J Ë`mcm AmH$ma H$gm `oBc © ? Mc Om. Amnco
H$m_ Pmco.'' lr~m~m§À`m åhUÊ`mMm AW© Ë`m§Zm g_Ocm Zmhr Am{U Vo Jßn ~gco.
lrAmB©gmho~m§ZrgwÕm ""Vwåhr Ë`m§À`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z H$mhrVar CnX²>ì`mn H$aVm'' Ago
åhUyZ lr.H$mio `m§Mr IaS>nÅ>r H$mT>cr.
AgoM EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zr H$mi|Zm Vo Xe©Zmcm Amco AgVm ""Aao, AmO J§_V H$ê$
`m. Vmo ^ñ_mMm S>~m AmU BH$S>o Am{U nmÊ`mV H$mcdyZ _cm ^ñ_ cmd,'' Ago
gm§{JVco. lr.H$mio `m§Zr ^ñ_ d nmUr EH$Ì H$ê$Z CQ>Uo cmdmdo Vgo Ë`mMo conZ
lr~m~m§À`m gdmªJmcm Ho$co. lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m Xohmdê$Z ZOa {\$a{dcr d EH$X_
Iwf Pmco. _J lr.H$mi|Zm åhUmco, ""AmVm Vy gwÕm AgoM H$ê$Z Ko.'' lr~m~m§Mr
Amkm _mZyZ Ë`m§Zrhr Amnë`m A§Jmcm ^ñ_ \$mgco. XmoKO o U Jmogmì`mgmaIo ~gcoco
AgVmZm lrAmB©gmho~ ~mhoa Amë`m. lr~m~m§À`m AdVmamH$S>o cj OmVmM Ë`m H$mi|Zm
amJmdë`m.""ho H$m` Vw_Mo Mmio AmhoV ? ^ñ_ \$mgyZ H$m` ~gcmhmV ? Vo EH$
doS>çmgmaIo dmJVmV nU Vwåhmcm H$mhr g_OVo H$s Zmhr ?''
lr~m~m§Zm J§_V dmQ>cr. Vo åhUmco, ""Mc ao, nwgyZ Q>mH$ nmhÿ gJio ^ñ_.''
lr.H$mio `m§Mo Jwé lr Ho$gH$a _hmamO `m§Zm lr~m~m Xa_hm EH$ én`m lr.H$mio
`m§Mo hñVo nmR>drV AgV. lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§Zr dma§dma lr.H$mio `m§Zm ""Vwåhr _cm
åhUOo Amnë`m Jwécm gmoS>yZ amhmVm ho ~amo~a Zmhr,'' Aer Q>mM o Ur cmdcr hmoVr nU
lr.H$mio Ë`m§À`mH$S>o eodQ>n`ªV Joco ZmhrV. EH$Xm lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm
H$mhr n¡go nm{H$Q>mV KmcyZ {Xco d gm§{JVco H$s, Vwcm `mVyZ H$nS>o dJ¡ao H$a. lr~m~m§Zm
hr Jmoï> lr.H$mio `m§Zm gm§JVmM Ë`m§Zr ""Vo n¡go _mÂ`mH$S>o Xo Am{U _mÂ`mH$S>Mo n¡go
Vy IMm©d`mg KoD$Z Om.'' Ago gm§{JVco. Ë`mM doir nwT>o åhUmco, ""Ho$gH$a _hmamO
\$ma n¡go IM© H$aVmV, na§Vw AmVm Vo ~§X hmoÊ`mMr doi Amcr Amho !''
Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo `mZ§Va WmoS>çmM {Xdgm§Zr lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§H$S>o {eî`-
^º$ dJ¡ao _§S>itH$Sy>Z Omo n¡emMm AmoK `oV hmoVm Vmo ~§X Pmcm.
lr.H$mio `m§À`m _ZmV lr~m~m§~Ôc H$mhr {dH$ën {Z_m©U hmoD$Z 1942 Vo 1945
hr VrZ df} Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg OmUo gmoS>c.o Ë`m H$mimV ñdV:À`m _ZmZoM
Ë`m§Zr H$mer`mÌm Ho$cr. {h_mc`mV ^«_§Vr Ho$cr. `mM Xaå`mZ lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo
AmOmanU CX²^dyZ Ë`m§Mo XohmdgmZ Pmco. `m VrZ dfmªÀ`m H$mcI§S>mV lr.H$mio
lr~m~m§À`m godc o m CnpñWV am{hco ZmhrV.
lr~m~m§Zm Hw$UrVar ^º$m§Zr lr.H$mio Q>m`\$m°BS© >Zo A§WéUmda AmhoV Ago gm§{JVco.

78 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Voìhm lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm Hw$UmÀ`m Zm Hw$UmÀ`m ~amo~a Am¡fYnmÊ`mgmR>r dJ¡ao n¡go nmR>dy
cmJco. lr.H$mio `m§Mm Q>m`\$m°B©S>Mm Vmn OdiOdi EH$ XrS> _{hZm Pmcm Var
CVaÊ`mMo {M• {XgoZm. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm `oUmè`m lr.JmoIco (O_qIS>rH$a) `m
lr.H$mio `m§À`m ñZoømZo Ë`m§Mr àH¥$Vr nmhÿZ lr~m~m§Zm gm§{JVco H$s, "" H$mio `m
VmnmVyZ CR>Vrc Ago dmQ>V Zmhr.'' Ë`m doir lr.H$mio `m§Mo lr~m~m§H$S>o `oUo ~§X
Pmco Agco VargwÕm ho EoH$VmM lr~m~m Mma nmM _§S>itg_doV Ë`m§À`m Kar Joc.o
lr.H$mio VmnmZo ~ohmof nS>coco hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m A_¥VÑï>rZo Ë`m§Zm EH$dma
Ý`mhmico d ~amo~aÀ`m _§S>itZm åhUmco, ""^ñ_ Mmoim Ë`m§À`m A§Jmcm, H$m`
AmiemgmaIm nSy>Z am{hcm`g ? Mc CR> Am{U CÚmnmgyZ H$m_mda `m`cm cmJ !''
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m A§Jmcm nm`mnmgyZ S>moŠ`mn`ªV ^ñ_ MmoiyZ KoVco. lr~m~m {ZKyZ
Joco Am{U lr.H$mio `m§Zm Vm~S>Vmo~ Amam_ nS>cm. Ë`mM {Xder g§Ü`mH$mir Ë`m§Mm
Vmn OdiOdi ~oMmirg {Xdgm§ZV§ a àW_M CVacm. Xwgè`m {Xder nwÝhm Vmn Amcm
Zmhr Voìhm S>m°ŠQ>am§ZrgwÕm Amü`© ì`º$ Ho$co. Ë`m doir lr.H$mio `m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr
_¥Ë`yÀ`m XmT>oVyZM AmoTy>Z H$mT>co.
lrg_W© am_Xmg godm_§S>imMo VËH$mcrZ AÜ`j, lr.{~dcH$a~wdm _§S>imgmR>r
{ZYr Jmoim H$arV qhS>V hmoV.o lrg_WmªÀ`m dmL²>_`mMm d CnmgZoMm àgma d Ë`m~amo~a
godm_§S>imgmR>r {^jm, XoU½`m Jmoim H$arV AgV EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§Mm {Zamon {_imcm
H$s, ""Vw_À`m {^jo_YyZ _mÂ`mgmR>r nmM én`o nmR>dm.'' lr.{~dcH$a~wdm§Zr
lr~m~m§À`m _mJUrMo _ZmVë`m _ZmV Amü`© Ho$co. na§Vw {Zamonmà_mUo nmM én`o nmohmoMVo
Ho$bo. Ë`mMr nmoM åhUyZ lr~m~m§Zr Vm§ã`mMo nmM n¡go Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmR>dyZ {Xco.
lr.{~dcH$a~wdm Am{U Ë`m§À`m ghH$mè`m§Zm Ogm lr~m~m§À`m _mJUrMm AW© CcJS>cm
Zmhr, Ë`mMà_mUo ho nmM n¡go H$m nmR>{dco, hoXI o rc AJå` ^mgco. eodQ>r {dMma
H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr Vo nmM n¡go lram_mÀ`m I{OÝ`mV O_m Ho$co. lr~m~m§À`m `m àgmXmMm
AZw^d Agm Amcm H$s VoìhmnmgyZ godm_§S>imMm I{OZm gVV ^acocm amhÿ cmJcm.
CËgd CÎm_ VèhoZo gmOao hmoD$ cmJco.
lr~m~m§Mo AYm§Var AmgZ
Ywù`mÀ`m JìhZ©_Q| > H$m°cO o Mo àmMm`© lr.~mi J§JmYa nQ>dY©Z 1939-40 À`m
gw_mamg nwÊ`mV \$½`wg© Z H$m°cO
o _Ü`o {eH$V hmoV.o Ë`m§À`m ñZoømZo {Xcoë`m _m{hVrdê$Z
Vo EH$Xm Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joco. {OZm MTy>Z da Joco Vmo

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 79
lr~m~m§À`m XadmOmda EH$ nmQ>r AS>H$dyZ R>do cr hmoVr Am{U {VÀ`mda ""_r VrW©`mÌocm
OmV Amho, Voìhm _cm n¡go XoD$Z Vwåhr _XV H$amdr.'' Agm _OHy$a {chÿZ R>do cocm
lr.nQ>dY©Z `m§Zr dmMcm. Ë`m§À`m _ZmV {dH$ën Amcm H$s, ""ho Oa gËnwéf AmhoV
Va hm cmoH$m§H$S>o n¡go _mJÊ`mMm àH$ma H$gcm Mmccm Amho ?'' WmoS>rer Mc{~Mc
Pmcr na§Vw ""BWn`ªV AmcmoM AmhmoV Va AmVm naV H$emcm {\$am ?'' `m {dMmamZo
hiyM Xma T>H$cco. AmV_Ü`o A§YyH$ àH$me {XgV hmoVm. AmV nmD$c Q>mH$co na§Vw
Imocr [aH$m_r hmoVr. KamV H$moUrhr Zmhr Ago åhUyZ Vo naV Mmcco hmoV.o BVŠ`mV
cm§~dê$Z Hw$UrVar ~mocmdo Ago eãX Ë`m§À`m H$mZmV nS>c,o ""emoYVmo`g Hw$Umcm ?
n¡go Q>mH$ _wH$mQ>çmZo Am{U Mmcm`cm cmJ.''
M_Hy$Z Ë`m§Zr BH$S>o {VH$S>o nm{hco. na§Vw Amgnmg Hw$UrM ZìhVo. BVŠ`mV ÑîQ>r
da Jocr. nmhVmV Vmo H$m`© Amü`© ! lr~m~m O{_ZrnmgyZ 5-6 \y$Q> hdoV AYm§Var.
q^Vrcm nmR> Q>oHy$Z ~gcoco Ë`m§À`m ZOaog nS>co. lr~m~m§À`m `moJgm_Ï`m©Mo Ago
Xe©Z KS>VmM Ë`m§À`m _ZmVrc Hw$VH$m©Mo {ZagZ Pmco.
"M_ËH$mam{edm` Z_ñH$ma Zmhr' `m OJmÀ`m Ý`m`mZwgma lr~m~m ho {gÕnwéf
AmhoV `m~Ôc Ë`m§Zm g§Xho am{hcm Zmhr. _J {IemVyZ EH$ én`m H$mTy>Z lr~m~m§À`m
nwT>o R>do cm d Ë`m§Zm gmï>mJ§ Z_ñH$ma KmVcm. Amnë`m _ZmV Agm {dH$ën Amë`m~Ôc
Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr j_m`mMZm Ho$cr.
XadmOmda Aer nmQ>r cmdÊ`mMm hoVy H$m` Ago Ë`m§Zr {dMmaë`mda lr~m~m
åhUmco, ""Aao ~m~m, cmoH$m§Zm Xya R>odÊ`mgmR>r H$YrVar Agohr H$amdo cmJVo.''
"`oZ Ho$Z àH$maoU n«{gÕmo nwéfmo ^doV²' Agm BVam§Mm à`ËZ AgVmo Va lr~m~m
`mÀ`m AJXr CcQ> , åhUOo cmoH$m§nmgyZ Amnë`mcm Aà{gÕ, AkmV H$go amhmVm
`oBc
© `mgmR>r H$mhrhr Šc¥ßË`m `mo{OV AgV.
_m§gmhma dÁ`©M _mZmdm
lr~m~m§H$S>o lr.XÎmmÌo` ehmnyaH$a hm Ë`m§À`m Jwé~§YM §y m _wcJm Amnë`m d{S>cm§À`m
gm§JÊ`mdê$Z `oV Ago. lr~m~m hr B©œar {d^yVr Amho `mMr Ë`mcm XIc ZìhVr.
na§Vw Vo EdT>o nXdrYa B§{O{Z`a, Am§½c{dÚm{d^y{fV Am{U Ë`m§Zm cmoH$ doS>o H$m åhUVmV
Vo Var nmhÿ, `m Hw$VyhcmnmoQ>r Vmo lr~m~m§H$S>o `oD$Z ~gV Ago. Ë`m§Mr narjm nmhmÊ`mgmR>r
{d{dY {df`m§da Ë`m§À`mer MMm© H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr _Vo AO_mdrV Ago.
AZoH$ ^oQ>tZ§Va Ë`mcm lr~m~m ho doS>o AmhoV `mcm nwï>r XoUmar EH$hr Jmoï> AmT>icr

80 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Zmhr. CcQ> Ë`m§À`m ~mocÊ`mV AJXr VH©$ewÕ _mJ©Xe©Z Ago. EH$ {Xdg Z amhdyZ
Ë`mZo {dMmaco, ""~m~m, Vwåhr doS>o ZgyZ ho doS>çmMo, ^«{_ï>nUmMo gm|J H$m ~ao H$aVm?''
lr~m~m CÎmaco, ""Aao ~m~m, `m OJmV _r Oa doS> nm§KaUma Zmhr Va cmoH$ _cm EH$m
jUmMrgwÕm \w$agV {_iy XoUma ZmhrV.''
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm _m§gmhma H$ê$ Z`o Agm CnXoe Ho$cm hmoVm. EH$Xm AmOmanUmV
S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr {Xcoë`m Q>m°{ZH$À`m ~mQ>crMo co~c dmMVmZm Ë`m§À`m cjmV Amco H$s
Ë`mV àm{UO nXmW© AmhoV, Voìhm lr~m~m§Zm Vm~S>Vmo~ nÌ {chÿZ Ë`m§Zr {dMmaco H$s,
""AmVm H$m` H$amdo ?''
lr~m~m§Mo CcQ> Q>nmcr CÎma Amco, ""_m§gmhma hm dÁ`©M _mZmdm. S>mŠ° Q>aÀ`m
EodOr d¡ÚmMo Am¡fY ¿`mdo. eŠVrgmR>r ha^è`mÀ`m S>mirMm KmQ>m ß`mdm. eara H$m`
dmQ>c o Vo _mJoc, nU åhUyZ Vo Ë`mcm Úmd`mMo H$s H$m` ?''
"Amnë`mH$S>o `oÊ`mnydu lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z _JM `mdo,' Aer
lr~m~m§Mr Ë`m§Zm Amkm hmoVr. EH$ {Xdg lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Jocc o o AgVmZm
VoWM o lr.c.J. ~mnQ> d BVam§er Jßnm _marV Ë`m§Zr ~amM doi H$mT>cm. lr~m~m§H$S>o
OmÊ`mMo ñ_aU hmoV.o na§Vw AmÎmmM H$emcm ? OmD$ WmoS>çm doimZo Aem {dMmamV
AmUIr Jßnm _marV am{hco. hr Jmoï> lr~m~m§Zr Kar ~gë`mOmJr OmUcr Am{U
lr.Z.^m.H$mio `m godoH$è`mcm EH$ Zmai XoD$Z _R>mV nmR>{dco d ""ehmnyaH$a {VWo
~gco AmhoV Ë`m§À`m hmVmV Xo d _r {Xcm Amho Ago gm§J.'' åhUyZ {Zamon {Xcm.
lr~m~m§Mm {Zamon EoH$VmM lr.ehmnyaH$a Amoemico d Vm~S>Vmo~ lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm
hOa Pmco.
nÎ`m§À`m IoimVrc gaer
gZ 1943 À`m Xaå`mZ lr.H$merZmW XÎmmÌo` JÐo ZmdmMo J¥hñW nwÊ`mV {_{cQ>ar
AH$mC§Q>g² ImË`mV ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoV.o Vo JwidUr _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmg OmD$ cmJco.
lr~m~m amhmV Agcoë`m Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ nmgyZ Odi Agcoë`m JmodB©H$am§À`m MmirV,
Ë`m H$mimV lr JwidUr _hmamO amhmV hmoV.o lr.JÐo^mD$ Ë`m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joco AgVm
Ë`m§Zr, ""Vwåhmcm {dXohr pñWVr ^moJUmam gËnwéf nmhmd`mMm Amho H$m ?'' Ago {dMmaco
Am{U lr~m~m§À`m KamMr IyU gm§{JVcr. Ë`m doir lr.JÐo^mD$ ""OmB©Z'' Ago Oar
åhUmco Var àË`jmV lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmB©n`ªV AmUIr EH$ _{hZm cmoQ>cm.
EHo$ {Xder lr.JÐo d Ë`m§Mo ñZohr lr.OmoJXod, lr~m~m§H$S>o Xwnmar gmS>o~mam Vo

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 81
EH$À`m Xaå`mZ Joco. lr~m~m EH$m VŠŠ`mcm Q>oHy$Z ~gcoco hmoVo. Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z
XmoKOo U VoWo EH$m ~mOycm ~gco. lr~m~m§Zr OdiOdi AYm©nmD$U Vmg Ë`m XmoKm§Mr
g{dñVa _m{hVr {chÿZ KoVcr. lr.JÐo `m§Zr {ZKÊ`mnydu lr~m~m§Zm àgmX XoÊ`mMr
{dZ§Vr Ho$cr. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""àgmX \$ma _moR>m AgVmo. _r Hw$Ry>Z XoUma Vwåhmcm
?'' na§Vw Ë`m§Zr nwÝhm EH$Xm _m{JVcm Voìhm VoWo Odi EH$ \w$Q>H$s ~aUr hmoVr, Vr
CKS>md`mg gm§{JVcr. ~aUrV Ho$ìhmMo Var OwZo cmoUMo hmoVo. Ë`mVcr EH$EH$ \$moS>
Ë`m§Zm {Xcr. Z§Va Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z XmoKohr ~mhoa nS>co.
`m lr.JÐ|Zm n¡go cmdyZ nÎmo IoiÊ`mMm O~a em¡H$ hmoVm. Ë`mV Ë`m§Zm ghgm
\$mago n¡go {_iV ZgV. EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm XmoZ n¡go àgmX åhUyZ {Xco. Vo
Ë`m§Zr nwS>r H$ê$Z ñdV:Odi R>do co. Ë`m amÌr Vo nÎmo Ioim`cm ~gco Voìhm Ë`m§Zm 22
én`o nÎ`mV {_imco. H$maU gd© nÎmo hdo VoM Zo_Ho$ Ë`m§À`m dmQ>Urg `oV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm
~arM _moR>r BñQ>Qo > aËZm{Jar `oWo lr~m~m§Mo H¥$noZo AJXr Aën _mo~Xë`mV {_imcr
hmoVr. lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm ào_mZo _wcJy åhUyZ hmH$ _marV AgV.
nwT>o lr.JÐo `m§Mr nwÊ`mhÿZ H$amMr `oWo ~Xcr Pmcr. Voìhm Xa AmR>dS>çmcm
lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm nÌ nmR>drV AgV. H$amMrcm OmVmZm lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:Mm EH$ \$moQ>mo
Ë`m§Zm {Xcm hmoVm d Amåhmcm ÛmaHo$Mr `mÌm H$adyZ AmUm, Aer Amkm Ho$cr hmoVr.
Ë`mà_mUo lr.JÐo Vmo \$moQ>mo ~amo~a KoD$Z ÛmaHo$cm OmD$Z Amco Am{U Ë`m \$moQ>mocm
ÛmaHo$g Jmo_Vr VrWm©Mo ñZmZgwÕm KmVco.
lr.JÐo^mD§$Zm H$amMrcm OmÊ`mMr A{O~mV BÀN>m ZìhVr. Ë`mgmR>r Vo nwÝhm
nwÝhm d¡ÚH$s` aOoMm AO© H$ê$Z nwÊ`mVM {Xdg H$mT>rV hmoVo. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr _mÌ,
""Vy H$amMrcm JocoM nm{hOo,'' Ago dma§dma Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco hmoVo. eodQ>r Vo H$go~go
H$amMrcm Om`cm V`ma Pmco. OmVmZm ñd`§nmH$mgmR>r ~amo~a Hw$UrVar d`ñH$a, nmoº$
~«m÷U ñÌr KoD$Z Om Ago lr~m~m§Zr gm§JyZ R>odco hmoVo. lr.JÐo^mD§$À`m ZmË`mVrc
EH$ gwIdñVy d¥Õ ñÌr AmnUhÿZ Ë`m§À`m~amo~a Omd`mg {ZKmcr. Ë`m ~mBªZm ÛmaHo$Mr
`mÌm H$amd`mMr hmoVr. Voìhm AZm`go gmo~V hmoD$Z, lr.JÐ|À`m~amo~aM XmoZ _{hÝ`mV
naV `oVm `oBc © Agm Ë`m§Zr {dMma Ho$cm.
lr~m~m JÐo^mD§$À`m H$amMrÀ`m _w¸$m_mV Ë`m§Zm nmR>{dcoë`m àË`oH$ nÌmV ""Vy
VoWo gwImZo amhmdog'' Ago {chrV AgV. na§Vw Voìhm \$miUrMo dmao dmhÿ cmJco hmoVo.
lr.JÐo gX²Jwé§À`m H¥$noZo Ho$gmcmhr Y¸$m Z cmJVm, gd© gm_mZgw_mZ n¡em-AS>Š`mgh
gwIê$n, 12 OyZ 1947 cm ñdoÀN>m{Zd¥Îmr KoD$Z H$amMrhÿZ BH$S>o naV Amco. Ë`mZ§Va

82 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Vm~S>Vmo~ X§Jm CgiyZ EH$hr qhXy YS>nUo naV Amcm Zmhr.
lr.JÐo `m§Zr noÝeZ KoUo lr~m~m§Zm _mÝ` ZìhVo. Ë`m§Zr lr.JÐ|Zm ""noÝeZ
KoÊ`m_mJMm VwPm CÔoe H$m` Vmo gm§J,'' Ago åhQ>ë`mda Ë`m§Zr CnmgZm, Ü`mZ YmaUoMm
Aä`mg H$amd`mg Amnë`mcm A{YH$ doi {_ioc Ago H$maU gm§{JVco. Voìhm
lr~m~m§Zr ""OmñV Aä`mg hmoBc © Ago _cm H$mhr dmQ>V Zmhr. CcQ> gÜ`m hmoVmo`
BVH$m Var hmoB©c H$s Zmhr `mMr _cm e§H$m Amho,'' Ago CX²>Jma H$mT>co. lr~m~m§Mo
eãX nwT>o nyUV© `m Iao R>aë`mMm lr.JÐo^mD§$Zm àË`j AZw^d Amcm.
Am¡X~§w a AmnmoAmn CJdcm
lr.M§ÐH$m§V e§H$a ~|Ðo ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW, nwÊ`mV KgoQ>r nwcmOdi amhmUmao,
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm gZ 1947 nmgyZ `oV AgV. ho J¥hñW Á`mo{V~mMr ^º$s H$aUmao
hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§À`m dmS>çmV gw_mao XmoZeo dfmªnmgyZMr Hw$Ê`m AkmV ZmWn§Wr gmYyMr
g_mYr hmoVr. Ë`m g_mYrda EH$ Z§Xr ~gdcocm Amho.
~|Ðo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmD$ cmJë`mZ§Va EH$ {Xdg O_qIS>rMo JmoIco
(am_Xmgr) `m§Zm g_doV KoD$Z lr~m~m EH$Xm lr.~|Ðo `m§À`m Kar Amco. àW_ g§nyU©
Ka qhSy>Z ~{KVco Am{U Z§Va _mS>rda OmD$Z ~gco. lr.~|ÐZ| m Ë`m doir åhUmco,
""Vw_À`m KamV Ë`m g_mYrda Omo Z§Xr ~gdcocm Amho Zm, Vmo Z§Xr åhUOo _rM Amho.
Ë`m Z§Xrda Vwåhr JiVr (A{^foH$mMr) R>odUo gwê$ H$am.'' Mma nmM {Xdgm§Zr lr.~oÝÐo
Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg Joco. Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""JmoIë`m§À`m_wio
Amnco nm` Am_À`m Kamcm cmJco.'' lr~m~m cJoMM åhUmco, ""JmoIco _cm
AmUUmam H$moU ? VwÂ`m Z§XrZo _cm ~mocmdco hmoVo. _mhrV Amho H$m` ?''
EH$Xm Ho$gar dV©_mZnÌm§V EH$m Bg_mMr ^yV {nemM H$mT>Ê`mg§~Y§ r Om{hamV
Amcr hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m Vr dmMÊ`mV Amcr. Voìhm Vo lr.~|ÝÐ|Zm åhUmco, ""Om ao
EH$Xm Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o, H$m` àH$ma Mmc{dcm Amho Vo ~KyZ Var `o.'' lr.~oÝÐo Amkoà_mUo
Ë`m Bg_mH$S>o Joco. BVahr ~arM _mUgo ^wVmIoVm§À`m nrS>oMo {ZdmaU H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r
Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Amcr hmoVr. EH$ EH$ H$ê$Z gd© _mUgo {ZKyZ OmB©n`ªV lr.~oÝÐo Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o
Wm§~co hmoV.o Ë`m _m§{ÌH$mcm dmQ>co H$s `m J¥hñWm§Mo AgcoM H$mhrVar H$m_ AgUma
åhUyZ Ë`mZo, ""H$gë`m àH$maMo H$m_ Amho ?'' Aer {dMmaUm Ho$cr. lr.~oÝÐo§Zr
gm§{JVco, ""_mPo H$mhrM H$m_ Zmhr. nU Zmam`U noR>Vo lramdgmho~ ghò~wÕo _hmamO
amhVmV, Ë`m§Zr Vw_Mr Ho$gar_Yrc Om{hamV nmhÿZ, _cm Vwåhr H$m` H$aVmhmV Vo

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 83
nmhÊ`mgmR>r nmR>{dco Amho.'' lr~m~m§Mo Zmd EoH$VmM Ë`m _Zwî`mZo ~oÝÐ|Zm EH$X_
cmoQ>mJ§ U KmVco d J`md`m H$ê$Z åhUy cmJcm H$s, ~m~m _hmamOm§Zm gm§Jm hm J[a~mMm
chmZgm nmoQ> ^aÊ`mMm Y§Xm ~§X H$ê$ ZH$m.'' lr~m~m§Zm hr gJir h{H$H$V ~|ÝÐ|Zr
gm§{JVë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr jU^a Wm§~Zy hmV PQ>H$co d åhUmco, ""~a§, ~a§ Amnë`mcm
H$m` H$am`M§` ? Á`mMm Y§Xm Agoc Vmo H$arc. AmnU {dMma H$am`Mm Zmhr.''
EH$ J¥hñW lr~m~m§H$S>o EH$ qgJmnwar ZmaimMo amon KoD$Z Amcm. lr.~oÝÐo VoWo
hOa hmooVo. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""¿`m ~oÝÐo, Vw_À`m Kar ho ZmaimMo PmS> cmdm.'' ~|ÝÐo
åhUmco, ""~m~m ho PmS> cmdVmoM nU Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a EImXo Am¡Xw§~amMo PmS> cmdy H$m
?'' lr~m~m§Zr KmB©KmB©Zo Ë`m§Mm {dMma CS>dyZ cmdcm. ""ZH$mo, ZH$mo. gÜ`m ho _r
{Xcoc§ ZmaimM§ PmS> cmdm, Am¡X~§w a H$m` AmnmoAmn CJdoc.'' nwT>o IamoIaM Ë`mà_mUo,
ZmaimMo amon cmdë`mZ§Va gw_mao nmM dfmªZr VoWo Am¡X~§w amMo PmS> AmngwH$M CJdco
Am{U Mm§Jco dmTy>Z AmVm Ë`mMm d¥j Pmcm Amho.
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm EH$ \$moQ>mo {Xcm hmoVm. Vmo \$moQ>mo Am{U
lr~m~m§Mm \$moQ>mo Ë`m§Zr M§XZmÀ`m \«o$_ H$ê$Z Amnë`m {VOmoarV AJXr gwa{jV R>odco
hmoVo. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joë`mda Ë`m§Zr ""H$m hmo, Am_Mo \$moQ>mo {VOmoarV R>odcoV
Zm?'' Ago {dMmê$Z lr.~oÝÐ|Zm Amnë`m A§V:gm{jËdmMr MwUwH$ XmI{dcr. _J
Ë`m§Zr lr.~oÝÐ|Zm EH$m H$mJXmda ""lrHw$~oa'' hr Ajao ñdhñVo {chÿZ {Xcr. Vmo H$mJX
Am{U EH$ chmZer H$mR>r `m dñVy Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m {VOmoarV R>do md`mg {Xë`m.
lr.~oÝÐ|À`m ~{hUrMo c¾ O_V ZìhVo åhUyZ Vo EH$m Zm_m§{H$V Á`mo{VfmH$S>o àý
{dMmaÊ`mgmR>r Joc.o hm Á`mo{Vfr ì`º$sMm Moham nmhÿZ ^{dî` dV©drV Ago. Ë`m§Zr
gm§{JVcoco ^{dî` V§VmoV§V Iao R>aVo Agm {H$Ë`oH$m§Mm AZw^d hmoVm. lr.~oÝÐ|À`m
~{hUrÀ`m Mohè`mH$S>o nmhÿZ Ë`mZo gm§{JVco, ""{hMo c¾ AmH$memVyZ Xod Oar Imcr
Amcm Var KS>c o go dmQ>V Zmhr.'' lr.~oÝÐo d Ë`m§Mr ~hrU ho EoH$y Z IMë`mgmaIr
Pmcr. lr~m~m§Zm gd© KS>coco gm§JVmM Ë`m§Zr hgyZ Ë`m§Zm g_Omdco, ""Aao Vmo
Á`mo{Vfr H$m` gm§JVmo Vwcm ? Am_À`m Xa~mamV AeŠ` ZmdmMm H$mhr nXmW© AgVmo
H$m` ?'' nwT>o H$mhr {XdgmVM lr.~oÝÐ|À`m ~{hUrMm {ddmh OwiZy Amcm d CÎm_
ñWi {_iyZ Vr gwImV gmgar Zm§Xy cmJcr.
lr.~oÝÐo lmdU _{hÝ`mV nhmQ>o Mma dmOë`mnmgyZ OnOmß`, ZdZmW-nmoWr dmMZ,
nyOm nmR> BË`mXr AZwð>mZ H$arV AgV d ~{h{X©ec o m dma§dma Omdo cmJV AgVm,
n«Ë`oH$ doir nwÝhmnwÝhm ñZmZ H$ê$Z AZwð>mZmcm `oD$Z ~gV AgV. Ago _{hZm^a

84 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Mmcco AgVm EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joë`mZ§Va lr~m~m AmnUhÿZ Ë`m§Zm
åhUmco, ""~oÝÐo, Á`m XohmÀ`m AmYmamZo Vwåhr AZwð>mZ H$arV AmhmV, Vmo Xoh {e„H$
am{hcm nm{hOo H$s ZH$mo ? Agm na_mW© Amåhr Hw$Umcm {eH$drV ZgVmo. Vwåhr ZwgVo
hmVnm` YwdZy AZwð>mZ nwT>o Mmcy Ho$coV Var MmcÊ`mgmaIo Amho.''
cmH$S>r noQ>rgmR>r ~`mUm
lr.e§H$a ~id§V gmamoi,o gwVma ho gZ 1948 _Ü`o àW_ lr.^mD$gmho~ JwUo
`m§À`m~amo~a lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joc.o Xma T>H$cyZ AmV nmD$c Q>mH$VmM lr~m~m§Zr
Ë`m§Zm ""`m Á`mo{Vfr~wdm'' åhUyZ M{H$V Ho$co. H$maU Ë`m doir lr.gmamoio `m§Zm
Á`mo{VfmMm Aä`mg H$aÊ`mMm N>§X OScocm hmoVm. _J lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm ñdV:Mr
Hw$§ S>cr nmhmÊ`mg {Xcr. lr~m~m§À`m Hw$§ S>crda cj EH$mJ« H$aVmM S>mù o `m§g_moaMo gd©
cmon nmdco Am{U nm§T>waHo$ {Za^« AmH$me gd©Ì ngacoco {Xgy cmJco. hr AdñWm
OdiOdi AmR> {Xdg {Q>H$y Z am{hcr. Ë`mZ§Va nwÝhm X¥ï>r nydd© V Pmcr. Z§Va lr~m~m§ZrM
Ë`m§Zm Á`mo{Vf nmhmÊ`mMr nadmZJr {Xcr.
lr~m~m§Zr `m gmamoiZ| m EH$ cmH$S>r noQ>r ~Zdmd`mg gm§{JVcr hmoVr. Ë`m àrË`W©
XmoZ én`o ~`mUm XoIrc {Xcm hmoVm. nU `moJm`moJ Agm H$s, lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z Vo AmJmD$
n¡go KoVë`mnmgyZ lr.gmamoio `m§À`mH$S>o H$m_mMr EdT>r àM§S> JXu Cgicr H$s,
lr~m~m§À`m noQ>rMo H$m_ ~mOycm amhÿZ Joc.o lr~m~m àË`oH$ doir åhUV, ""Aao Vwcm
hmoV Zgoc Va ñnï> gm§JV H$m Zmhrg ?'' AmUIr n¡go nm{hOo Agë`mg _mJyZ Ko nU
_cm noQ>r H$ê$Z Xo.'' Aem àH$mao XmoZ _{hZo lr~m~m§Zr gmamoio `m§À`m _mJo Ooìhm
cH$S>m gwê$ R>do cm Voìhm EH$Xm lr.gmamoio `m§Zr {Zü` Ho$cm H$s, AmVm lr~m~m§Mr noQ>r
V`ma Pmë`mIoarO Xwgè`m H$m_mcm hmVM cmdm`Mm Zmhr.
Ë`mZ§Va EH$ noQ>r V`ma H$ê$Z Vo lr~m~m§H$S>o KoD$Z Joc.o noQ>r nmhÿZ lr~m~m åhUmco,
""~mnao, Ho$dT>r _moR>r noQ>r Ho$crV ! hr ZH$mo Amnë`mcm. Vwåhr hr naV Ý`m Am{U
{hÀ`m Mma chmZ, chmZ noQ>çm H$ê$Z AmUm.'' lr.gmamoio åhUmco, ""AmVm hr AmUcr`
Vr amhÿ Úm. _r Amnë`mgmR>r Xwgè`m Mma noQ>çm H$ê$Z KoD$Z `oVmo.'' nwT>o Vmo {df`
g§ncm. Vr _moR>r noQ>r lr~m~m§Zr R>do Zy KoVcr. {VMm Cn`moJ da AmgZ KmcyZ ~gÊ`mgmR>r
Vo H$arV AgV.
EH$Xm lr.gmamoio Xe©ZmgmR>r Amcoco AgVmZm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {dMmaco, ""gmamoi,o
àdmgmV Hw$R>ë`m dñVy Odi ~miJmì`mV ?'' _J ñdV:M CÎma {Xco. ""EH$ Km|JS>r,

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 85
H$mR>r Am{U nS>er BVŠ`m Jmoï>r KoVë`m H$s ~ñg. {edm` H$m_YoZ,y H$ënVê$ Am{U
qMVm_Ur EdT>çm Jmoï>r ~amo~a nm{hOoV.'' lr.gmamoio åhUmco, ""_cm Hw$R>o àdmgmcm
Omd`mMo Amho ?'' lr~m~m Ë`mda H$mhrM åhUmco ZmhrV. na§Vw lr.gmamoio Kar naVVmV
VmoM Ë`m§Mo Im{S>cH$a ZmdmMo EH$ hm°Q>c
o _mcH$ ñZohr Ë`m§Zm ñdV:~amo~a VrW©`mÌocm
KoD$Z OmÊ`mgmR>r Amco. lr.gmamoiZ| m Ë`m§Zr `mÌocm `oUma H$m ? åhUyZ {dMmaVmM
lr~m~m§~amo~a Pmcoë`m g§dmXmMo ñ_aU hmoD$Z Amü`© dmQ>co Am{U lr~m~m§MrM
BÀN>m AmnU VrW©`mÌm H$amdr Aer Agcr nm{hOo Ago _mZyZ Ë`m§Zr Vm~S>Vmo~
hmoH$ma {Xcm. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zm A¸$cH$moQ>, JmUJmnya, VwiOmnya, {eS>u, n§T>anya,
H$moëhmnya BVŠ`m VrW©jÌo m§Mr `mÌm AJXr {dZmgm`mg Am{U EH$m n¡Mrhr Vmoerg Z
cmJVm KS>cr. lr~m~m§Mr crcm H$er AJå` Ago, `mMoM ho àË`§Va åhUmdo cmJoc.
ImZdocH$am§Zm AZmhV MH«$mnbrH$S>o Zoco
nwÊ`mVrc àm.lrnmX e§. ImZdocH$a ho lr dm_Zamd JwidUr _hmamO `m§Mo {eî`.
Ë`m§Zr lr JwidUr _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z `moJ _mJm©Mr Xrjm KoVcr hmoVr. {dÚmWuXeoV AgVmZm
Vo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r OmD$ cmJco. Ë`m§Zm AÜ`mË_mMr AmdS> Agë`m_wio
{_Ì_§S>it~amo~a Ü`mZYmaUm H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zm N>X§ hmoVm. EH$ {Xdg AerM hr _wco
EH$Ì Ü`mZ H$arV ~gcr AgVm, Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s JOmZZ Omoer ZmdmMm EH$ _wcJm,
Ü`mZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$`oV H$mhrVar MyH$ hmoD$Z S>moŠ`mV dm`y {eê$Z ~oewÕ nS>cm.
lr.ImZdocH$a Km~ê$Z lr~m~m§H$S>o Amco Am{U Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m ~amo~a KoD$Z Joco.
VoWo OmD$Z lr~m~m§Zr, ""H$m` ao ? H$m` Mmcco Amho Vwåhm _wcm§Mo ! Am{U _cm
H$emcm ~mocmdc§V ?'' EdT>o {dMmaVmM Vmo JOmZZ VmËH$mi ewÕrda Amcm.
lr.ImZdocH$a EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joco hmoV.o Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m
eQ>m©Mr ~Q>Uo H$mT>cr Am{U öX`mda _Yë`m ~moQ>mZo dVw©io H$mT>cr. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zm
cJoM Kar nmR>{dco. Kar Joë`mda lr.ImZdocH$a `m§À`m N>mVrV EH$X_ XwIm`cm
cmJco. hmVmnm`m§Zm H§$n gwQ>cm, Vm|S>mcm H$moaS> nS>cr d XaXê$Z Km_ gwQ>cm. AmVm
àmU OmVmo H$s H$m` Ago dmQy> cmJco. Km~ê$Z Vo naV lr~m~m§H$S>o Amco d Ë`m§Zm gm§Jy
cmJco ""~m~m, _cm ~hþVoH$ hmQ>© A°Q>°H$ Amcm`.'' lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""hmo,
hmo AgocgwÕm nU Vwåhr Xm{S>_mdcoh (S>mqi~mnmgyZ ~Z{dcoco Am`wd{} XH$ Am¡fY)
ImV Om åhUOo ~am hmoB©c.'' nwT>o lr.ImZdocH$am§Zm H$ico H$s, lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m
`moJ_mJm©Vrc àJVrÀ`m AmS> `oUmam AS>Wim Xya H$ê$Z AZmhV MH«$mMm _mJ© Ë`m

86 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

doir _moH$im Ho$cm hmoVm.
EH$Xm ImZdocH$am§À`m _ZmV Amnë`mcm àH$meXe©Z ìhmdo Aer BÀN>m {Z_m©U
Pmcr. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm Vgo gm§{JVco. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§À`m JmXrOdi {eî`m§Zr
nmR>{dcoco OodUmMo S>~o nS>coco hmoVo. Ë`mVë`m EH$m dmQ>rH$S>o ~moQ> H$ê$Z lr~m~m
åhUmco, ""ho, ho Im !'' lr.ImZdocH$am§Zr dmQ>r hmVmV KoVcr. {VÀ`mV nm{hco Va
cmc ^S>H$ {VIQ> hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr "Im' gm§{JVcoco hmoVo åhUyZ H$go~go hm`hþ`
H$arV Im„o. ZmH$m S>moù`m§VyZ nmÊ`mÀ`m Ymam cmJë`m. ""nmUr, nmUr Úm'' Ago
åhUyZ XmoZ Mma ^m§S>r nmUr [aM{dco. lr~m~m hgyZ åhUmco, ""Ag§M nmUr _mJerc
~a§ H$m§ ? Aao àH$meXe©Z åhUOo Vwåhmcm nmoaIoi dmQ>cm H$m` ?'' nwT>o `mo½` Vr
nydV© `mar H$adyZ KoD$Z lr.ImZdocH$am§Zm Vmohr AZw^d {_idyZ {Xcm.
KmarÀ`m ê$nmV hZw_§VmMo Xe©Z
lr.{X.~m.~moaH$a ZmdmÀ`m EH$ J¥hñWm§Mo nwÊ`mV chmZgo H$mnS>mMo XwH$mZ hmoVo.
XwH$mZmV AmdH$ ~oVmMrM Agë`m_wio Vo H$m`_ qMVoZo J«mgcoco Agmd`mMo. H$moUrhr
gm§Jco Ë`m gmYy gËnwéf, _hmamO, Á`mo{Vfr Aem _§S>itH$S>o Vo AmeoZo OmV AgV.
EH$ {Xdg Ë`m§Mo EH$ ñZohr lr.Xm_yAÊUm Hw$cH$Uu Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg KoD$Z
Joco. n{hë`m ^oQ>rV lr~m~m Ë`m§À`mer H$mhrM ~mocco ZmhrV. lr.Xm_yAÊUm§À`m
gm§JÊ`mà_mUo Xwgè`m {XdgmnmgyZ lr.~moaH$a XaamoO Z MwH$Vm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg
lÕoZo OmD$ cmJco. na§Vw Vo OoìhmOoìhm lr~m~m§H$S>o OmV AgV, VoìhmVoìhm lr~m~m
H$mhrVar H$maU gm§JyZ Ë`m§Zm naV nmR>drV AgV. H$Yr åhUV, ""BWo CH$mS>m \$ma
hmoVmo`,'' H$Yr ""_mÂ`m A§Jmda Ho$a nS>Vmo`'' Ago H$mhrhr H$maU gm§JyZ Ë`m§Zm
lr~m~m Vm~S>Vmo~ ImocrÀ`m ~mhoa H$mT>rV AgV. lr.~moaH$am§À`m _ZmV {dMma Amcm
H$s Amnco `oUo lr~m~m§Zm ng§V Zgmdo. Voìhm CJrM hÅ>mZo Ë`m§À`mH$S>o amoO OmD$Z
~gÊ`mV H$mhr AW© {XgV Zmhr. lr.Xm_yAÊUm§Odi Ë`m§Zr Vgo ~mocZy XoIrc XmI{dco.
nU Ë`m§Zr nwÝhm ~moaH$am§Zm lr~m~m§Mo nm` gmoSy> ZH$mog Ago ~Omdco BVHo$M Zìho Va
""Ë`m§Zr Vwcm _maco VargwÕm Ë`m§À`m MaUm§Zm A§Va XoD$ ZH$mog,'' `m eãXmV Ë`m§Zm
g_Om{dco. Ë`m_wio lr.~moaH$am§Zr Amncm {Z`_ Mmcy R>do cm. EH$ _{hZm Aem VèhoZo
Joë`mZ§Va _mÌ lr~m~m§Zr EH$ {Xdg Amnë`mOdi R>do coë`m MmonS>rV lr.~moaH$am§Mo
Zm§d, nÎmm, JmoÌ BË`mXr {chÿZ KoVco d Ë`m§Zm WmoS>m doi ~gy {Xco.
Ago {Z`{_V Xe©Z KoUo Mmcco AgVm, EH$ {Xdg lrhZw_mZ O`§Vr Amcr.

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 87
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {dMmaco, ""hZw_mZ O`§Vrcm Hw$R>ë`m XodimV OmVm ?'' Voìhm
lr.~moaH$a åhUmco ""eZrÀ`m nmamda OmVmo.'' _J lr~m~mM åhUmco, ""~a§ CÚm
hZw_mZ O`§Vrcm Vwåhr {OWo Omb, Voìhm _r gm§JVmo Vo H$am. n{hcr Jmoï> åhUOo nwOmar
d H$sV©ZH$ma~wdm `oÊ`mnydu _§{XamV OmD$Z ~gm. _méVram` {XgVmMjUr Ë`m§Mo eonQy >
Yê$Z R>do m qH$dm ~amo~a OÝ_mÀ`m doir EH$ Kma Vw_À`m S>mŠo `mdê$Z OmB©c, Voìhm VoM
lr_méVram` g_OyZ Ë`m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$am.''
Xwgao {Xder _§{XamV Om`Mo d lr_méVram`mMo Xe©Z ¿`md`mMo `m CËH§$R>no moQ>r
lr.~moaH$a `m§Zm amÌ^a ZrQ> PmongwÕm cmJcr Zmhr. nhmQ>o gdmªV àW_ H$sV©ZH$ma,
nwOmar `m§À`mhr nydu Vo _§{XamV hOa Pmco. _ZmV gmaIm EH$M {dMma Mmccm hmoVm.
Amnë`mgma»`m nmnr _Zwî`mcm Xod Hw$Ry>Z Xe©Z XoUma ? Aem VèhoMo {dMma Mmccocm
AgVmZmM H$rV©ZH$ma~wdm Amco, H$sV©Zmcm gwédmV Pmcr. nyd©a§J g§ncm,
Am»`mZ{df`mcm ~wdm§Zr àma§^ Ho$cm. `m gd© Jmoï>r§_Ü`o lr.~moaH$a nyU© Jwa\$Qy>Z Joco
Am{U lr~m~m§À`m Kmar{df`rÀ`m gyMZoMm Ë`m§Zm nyU© {dga nS>cm. H$sV©ZmV a§J
^acm hmoVm Am{U H$sV©ZH$ma~wdm§Zr lr_méVram`mÀ`m OÝ_KQ>rn`ªV H$sV©Z AmUco d
O`O`H$ma H$ê$Z lr_méVram`mMm OÝ_ Pmë`mMo gy{MV Ho$co Am{U ~amo~a Ë`mM
jUr lr.~moaH$am§À`m S>moŠ`mdê$Z EH$ Kma ^amar _marV {XgoZmer Pmcr. lr.~moaH$am§Zm
EH$X_ lr~m~m§Mo eãX AmR>dco Am{U Ë`m§Zr hiyhiy ~marH$ {R>nŠ`mà_mUo hmoV,
{XgoZmem hmoUmè`m KmarH$S>o nmhÿZ hmV OmoS>co.
lr.~moaH$am§À`m nËZrÀ`m {Vgè`m ~mi§VnUmMo doir grPo[a`Z eñÌ{H«$`m H$amdr
cmJcr. Ë`m doir S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr ñnï> gyMZm {Xcr hmoVr H$s, `mnwT>o ~mi§VnUmMm àg§J
Amë`mg Ordmda ~oVë`m{edm` amhmUma Zmhr. Varhr nwÝhm ~mi§VnUmMr doi Amcr.
lr.~moaH$am§Zr qMVmVya hmoD$Z lr~m~m§Zm Amncr H$miOr gm§{JVcr. lr~m~m gd©
EoHy$Z ""R>rH$ Amho'' BVHo$M åhUmco. na§Vw nwT>o ~moaH$am§Zm AZw^d Agm Amcm H$s
Ë`m§À`m nËZrMo ~mi§VnU AË`§V gwc^ d gwIH$maH$nUo nma nS>co d _wcJr Pmcr.
lr.~moaH$am§Mr AmB© lr~m~m§H$S>o OmD$Z Amnë`m _wcmcm Mmahr _wcrM AmhoV,
Voìhm d§ed¥ÕrgmR>r _wcJm ìhmdm åhUyZ àmW©Zm H$arV Ago. lr~m~m åhUV, ""H$m`
H$aUma BVŠ`m _wcm§Mo ? Ë`m§Zm gm§^miUma H$moU ?'' nU nwT>o lr.~moaH$am§À`m nËZrcm
nwÝhm {Xdg am{hco. Vr Xe©Zmg Amcr AgVm lr~m~m§Zr {Vcm am_mMm \$moQ>mo ~Km`cm
{Xcm. Ë`mM doir XmoKm§À`m Amem, `m doir ImÌrZo nwÌàmár hmoUma Ago dmQy>Z n„drV
Pmë`m. {Xdg nyU© hmoVmM lram_mÀ`m ZdamÌmVM Ë`m§Zm nwÌ Pmcm. Mma _wctÀ`m

88 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

nmR>rda Ë`m Xm§nË`mcm lr~m~m§À`m H¥ noZo nwÌcm^ Pmcm.
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm nyOVo R>do md`mg lr ~mcmOrMm \$moQ>mo d {dîUyMr _yVu {Xcr
hmoVr. Ë`mMà_mUo EH$m H$mJXmda _méVrMr AmH¥$Vr d _mno {chÿZ {Xcr hmoVr. Ë`mdê$Z
EH$ Vm§ã`mMr _yVr© H$ê$Z KoÊ`mg gm§{JVco hmoV.o lr.~moaH$am§Zr H$mam{JamH$S>o OmD$Z
{dMmaco AgVm Ë`mZo Xhm én`o IM© `oBc © Ago Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco. lr~m~m§Zm Vo `m~Ôc
{dMmam`cm Joco AgVm Vo åhUmco, ""_wcm~mim§À`m Vm|S>Mm Kmg H$mTy>Z, Xhm én`o
IM© H$aUo ~amo~a Zmhr. _yVuMo H$m`, Ooìhm nwT>o `moJ `oBc © Voìhm H$aVm `oBc
© .''
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zr nwT>rc Jmoï>r gm§JZy R>do ë`m hmoË`m. _§Jidmar _oWr AmUUo, Vm|S>cr
Jwédmar ImUo, H$moqW~ra amoO ImÊ`mV Amcr nm{hOo. lrJwéM[aÌmMr amoO EH$ Amodr
Var {H$_mZ dmMUo, XaamoO n§M_wIr hZw_mZH$dM dmMmdo, amoO OodUmMo nydu H$_rV
H$_r n§Yam {_{ZQ>o ñdê$nmZwgY§ mZ H$amdo qH$dm OodUmZ§Va n§Yam {_{ZQ>o ñdñW ~gmdo.
EH$Xm amÌrÀ`m doir lr.~moaH$a Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o Joc.o lr~m~m AmVë`m ImocrV
_moR>çm cmH$S>r noQ>rda ~gcoco hmoV.o {Xdm OiV hmoVm. ImocrV Xwgao Hw$UrM ZìhVo.
lr.~moaH$a AmV Joc,o Ë`m doir VoWo gmjmV A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_W©M ~gcoco
{Xgco. OdiOdi nmM {_{ZQ>o ~moaH$a lrñdm_r g_WmªZm nmhmV C^o hmoV.o lr~m~m§Zr
H¥$nmd§V hmoD$Z {Xcoë`m `m Xe©Zm_wio lr.~moaH$a `m§Zm H¥$VH¥$Ë` Pmë`mgmaIo dmQ>c.o
JmoIco `m§Mr nmoQ>XI
w r ~ar Ho$cr
lr.cú_U har JmoIco gZ 1950 nmgyZ lr~m~m§H$S>o `oV AgV. Ë`mnydu gw_mao
df© XrS>df© Ë`m§Zm Vrd« nmoQ>XI
w rZo \$ma {nS>co hmoV.o doXZm gwê$ Pmë`m H$s, BVŠ`m
Agø hmoV AgV H$s Vo JS>~S>m cmoiy cmJV. S>mŠ° Q>a _m°{\©$`mMo B§OŠo eZ XoD$Z XmoZXmoZ
{Xdg PmondyZ R>do rV AgV. XwIÊ`mMo {Z{üV {ZXmZ H$mhrM hmoBZ© m. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm
OmÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$ë`mZ§Va lr.JmoIco `m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm àmW©Zm Ho$cr H$s, ""`m
nmoQ>XwIrnmgyZ _cm dmMdm.'' lr~m~m§Zr {dMmaco, ""S>m°ŠQ>a H$m` åhUVmV ?''
lr.JmoIco `m§Zr gm§{JVco, ""S>mŠ° Q>am§Zm {ZXmZ Ago AÚmn H$mhrM Pmcoco Zmhr; na§Vw
Am°naoeZ H$ê$Z nmhÿ `m Ago åhUVmV.'' lr~m~m cJoM åhUmco, ""N>,o N>o ! Vwåhr
Am°naoeZ dJ¡ao H$mhr H$ê$ ZH$m. ho S>mŠ° Q>a cmoH$ Vw_Mo nmoQ> \$mS>Vrc Am{U AmVS>çm§Mo
àXe©Z _m§S>yZ R>do Vrb ! Xwgao H$mhrhr hmoUma Zmhr. Vwåhr Ë`m§À`m ZmXr cmJy ZH$m.
Vwåhr \$º$ {eir ^mH$ar Im. gmYogwYo Am¡fY KoÊ`mg haH$V Zmhr. na§Vw Am°naoeZ
Zmhr H$am`M§ !''

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 89
 lr.JmoIco nmoQ>XI
w rZo EdT>o ~oOma Pmcoco hmoV,o Var lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVë`m-~amo~a
Ë`m§Zr Am°naoeZ dJ¡ao H$aÊ`mMm g„m YwS>H$mdyZ cmdyZ {eir ^mH$ar ImÊ`mg gwédmV
Ho$cr. Mma-ghm {Xdg hmoD$Z Joco Var nmoQ>XI w rZo S>mHo $o da H$mT>co Zmhr, Ago Ë`§mÀ`m
cjmV Amco. lr~m~m§À`m eãXm§Mm Ë`m§Zm ^adgm dmQy> cmJcm. AmR>dS>m, _{hZm, XmoZ
_{hZo nmoQ>XwIr{edm` Joë`mda Ë`m§Mm ñdV:da {dœmgM ~goZm. lr.JmoIco `m§Mr
nmoQ>XIw r lr~m~m§À`m EH$m dmŠ`mgaer H$m`_Mr nimcr. _moR>_moR>çm Zm_m§{H$V S>mŠ° Q>am§Zm
AgmÜ` R>acoco XwIUo lr~m~m§À`m H¥$nm hmoVmM ghO ~ao Pmco. Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ
lr.JmoIco `m§Mr lÕm dmTy> cmJcr.
EH$Xm CÝhmù`mMo {Xdg hmoV.o lr.JmoIco `m§Zr ~mOmamVyZ `oVmZm Ðmjm§Mm _moR>m
KS> AmUcm hmoVm. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmVmZm KoD$Z OmÊ`mgmR>r Vmo Ë`m§Zr KoVcm
hmoVm. BVŠ`mV KamVyZ {ZKVmZm _ZmV Amco H$s Ðmjo ~arM AmhoV Voìhm KamV
_wcm~mim§Zm ImÊ`mgmR>r `mVcr WmoS>rer H$mTy>Z R>do mdrV d ~mH$sMm KS> lr~m~m§H$S>o
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ñne© Pmcm, H$s Vr dñVy An©U H$aÊ`mg AnmÌ R>aVo. Vr na_oœa CpÀN>ï>mà_mUo Ë`mÁ`
_mZVmo. lr.JmoIco `m§À`m _ZmV _wcm§Mm {dMma Amcm Am{U Ë`m§Zr WmoS>rer Ðmjo
KamV amIyZ R>do cr.
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm lr.JmoIco Joc.o Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm. OdiMr Ðmjo lr~m~m§À`m
nm`mer R>do cr. lr~m~m§Zr {dMmaco, ""H$m` AmUc§ ?'' lr.JmoIc|Zr gm§{JVco, ""~m~m
CÝhmim hmoVmo`, ~mOmamV Ðmj§ ZOaog nS>cr åhUyZ Amnë`mgmR>r KoD$Z Amcmo`.''
lr~m~m MQ>H$Z åhUmco, ""_cm H$emcm Ðmj§ {~j§ ? VwÂ`m _wcm§gmR>r AmUcr
Amhog Zm ? _J Ë`m§ZmM Xo hr gwÕm ! _cm ZH$moV hr.''
Amncr MyH$ lr.JmoIc|À`m cjmV Amcr d Vo eaq_Xo Pmco.
lr~m~m§Zm _yiì`mYr_wio Omo Ìmg hmoB,© Ë`mda JwUH$maH$ åhUyZ nmdeoa XwYmMo
VmH$ d cmoUr lr.ZmZmgmho~ \$S>H$o amoO lr~m~m§H$S>o KoD$Z OmV AgV. nwT>o Ë`m§Mr
_w~§ B©cm ~Xcr Pmcr. Vo H$m_ lr.lrnmX cú_U JmoIco ho J¥hñW H$ê$ cmJco. VoìhmnmgyZ
lr~m~m§H$S>o Ë`m§Mo {Z`{_V OmUo gwê$ Pmco.
lr~m~m§Zr EH$Xm lr.JmoIco `m§Zm ~è`mM {Xdgm§ndy uMm {eim Mhm ß`md`mg
{Xcm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zm Vmo ß`m`Mm Yra hmoBZ© m. Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Aao {dMma ZH$mo
H$ê$. {nD$Z Q>mH$ MQ>H$Z. `m ImocrV hcmhc {df Oar KoVcog Var ^rVr Zmhr. nU
EH$Xm ~mhoa Jocmg H$s _J _mÂ`m hmVMm nXmW© Agcm Am{U Oa Vmo Iam~ Pmë`mgmaIm

90 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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EH$Xm XÎm O`§VrÀ`m {Xder lrJwé-M[aÌmMm gámh nyU© H$ê$Z Kar Ho$cocm Z¡dÚ o
Vo lr~m~m§H$S>o KoD$Z Joco. Voìhm, ""c§JmoQ> H$gyZ amhm`cm nm{hOo _Zwî`mZo. ñdm{^_mZ
gmoS>cm H$s cmoiV nS>Ê`mMr doi `oVo Am_À`mgmaIr !'' Ago CX²>Jma lr~m~m§Zr
H$mT>co. lr.JmoIco `m§Zm EH$Xm XmoZM n¡go {Xco d åhUmco, ""`mÀ`mVyZ EH$ n¡emMm
Vm§~S>m ^monim Am{U EH$ n¡emMm XwYr ^monim KoD$Z `o Am{U _mÂ`mgmR>r Ë`mMr
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EH$ Vm§~S>çm ^monù`mMr d EH$ XwYr ^monù`mMr Aem XmoZ ~marH$ \$moS>r Ë`m§Zm
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^mOr H$ê$Z lr~m~m§H$S>o KoD$Z Amco. Ë`m§Zr Vr gJir ^jU Ho$cr.
ho JmoIco _°{Q´>H$À`m narjoV AZoH$Xm ~gyZ Zmnmg hmoV hmoVo. Ë`m_wio n[a{MV
_§S>ir Ë`m§Zm Q>moMV H$s, lr~m~m§H$S>o Vy EdT>m Zoh_r OmVmog Va Vo Vwcm nmg H$m H$arV
ZmhrV ? AIoa Vo CÎmrU© hmoD$Z Moï>oImoam§Mr Vm|S>o ~§X Pmcr. nwT>o Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr Y§Xm
H$aÊ`mgmR>r ^m§S>dc åhUyZ H$mhr n¡go XoD$Z Y§Xm H$am`cm gm§{JVcm. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zr
{H$amUm _mcmMo XwH$mZ gwê$ Ho$co d Vo CÎm_ àH$mao MmcyZ Ë`mda Ë`m§Mm AmOn`ªVMm
M[aVmW© Mmccm Amho.
gáfvÀ`m _wcmMo AmJrÀ`m ^S>Š`mV ajU
lr.gáfu ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r AYyZ_YyZ `oV AgV. EH$
{Xdg Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm Amnë`m eoVmda hþaS>m V`ma Pmcm Amho, Voìhm hþaS>m ImÊ`mgmR>r
eoVmda `oÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. lr~m~m V`ma Pmco. hþaS>çmMm H$m`©H$« _ Pmë`mda Mhm
H$aÊ`mgmR>r eoVmda Amcoë`m _§S>itn¡H$s EH$m ì`º$sZo ñQ>moìh noQ>{dcm. na§Vw H$gm
Hw$Umg R>mD$H$, nU AMmZH$ ñQ>moìhÀ`m Q>mH$sMm _moR>m ñ\$moQ> hmoD$Z KmgcoQ>Mm \$dmam
hdoV CS>mcm. OdiM lr.gáfu `m§Mm VéU _wcJm ~ogmdYnUo C^m hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m
A§Jmda noQ>Vo KmgcoQ> CS>mco d H$nS>çm§Zr noQ> KoVcm. ~KVm~KVm Vmo _wcJm Ádmim§Zr
cnoQ>cocm gdmªZr nm{hcm. H$mocmhc H$gcm Pmcm åhUyZ lr~m~m nmR>_moao hmoVo, Vo
diyZ Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o nmhÿ cmJco. Ë`m~amo~a jUmYm©V ^S>H$m {dPyZ Vmo _wcJm AmJrVyZ
dmMcm.
Ë`mcm {H$VnV ^mOco dJ¡ao ho nmhmÊ`mgmR>r _§S>ir Ë`mÀ`m^modVr Jmoim Pmcr,

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 91
Voìhm gdmªZr Amü`m©Zo Vm|S>mV ~moQ>o KmVcr. H$maU H$mhr jUm§nydu Á`m _wcmcm gdmªZr
AmnmX_ñVH$ noQ>cëo `m AdñWoV nm{hco hmoV,o Ë`mÀ`m A§Jmda ^mOë`mÀ`m IwUm Va
gmoS>mM, na§Vw Ë`mMo H$nS>ogwÕm OgoÀ`m Vgo hmoVo. BVHo$M Zìho Va am°Ho$cMm dmggwÕm
A§Jmcm `oV ZìhVm. gX²Jéw nmR>ramIo Pmë`mda H${iH$mimMr _mÌm MmcV Zmhr, `mMo
àË`§Va lr.gáfvgH$Q> gdmªZm àË`j nmhmd`mg {_imco.
lr.Hw$iJmdH$a Omoer `m§Mm EH$drg dfmªMm EHw$cVm EH$ VéU _wcJm
AZno{jVarË`m _¥Ë`y nmdcm. Vr XmoKo nVr-nËZr `m AmKmVmZo nwaVr IMyZ Jocr hmoVr.
Ë`mM Xaå`mZ lr~m~m§Mr »`mVr EoH$y Z H$ë`mUcm lr.amOm^mD$ {^S>o `m§À`m Kar Vr
XmoKo Jocr. lr~m~m H$mer`mÌohÿZ nwÊ`mg, naVrÀ`m àdmgmV AgVmZm lr.{^S>çm§H$S>o
Wm§~co hmoVo. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zm_wio Ë`m§Mo Xw:I hcHo$ hmoD$Z lr~m~m§À`m R>m`r Ë`m§Mr
^º$s OS>cr. nwT>o hr nVr-nËZr nwÊ`mg amhmd`mg Amcr. gH$mi-g§Ü`mH$mi C^`Vm
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg `oD$ cmJco. gH$mir ZD$ dmOVm lr~m~m§À`mH$[aVm Mhm KoD$Z
OmÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm H«$_ ~aoM {Xdg Mmcy hmoVm. Aer H$mhr H$mi godm KS>ë`mZ§Va
lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo CVmad`m§V Ë`m§Zm nwÝhm nwÌcm^ Pmcm.
lr.Omoer `m§À`m {dZ§Vrdê$Z lr~m~m Amnë`m ^º$m§g_doV Hw$iJmdcm Ë`m§À`m
Kar Joco hmoVo. VoWo EH$ {Xdg _w¸$m_ H$ê$Z gd©OU H$ë`mUcm Amco. _w§~B©hÿZ
lr.AZ§Vamd ~oS>oH$a d lr.JmoS>~moco, lr~m~m§Zm Amnë`m~amo~a KoD$Z Omdo Aem
{dMmamZo ñnoec _moQ>ma H$ê$Z Amco hmoVo. nU lr~m~m§Zr ZH$ma {Xcm d åhUmco,
""_w§~B©cm _r H$emcm OmD$ ! _w§~B©cmM _mÂ`mH$S>o `mdo cmJoc !'' lr.~oS>oH$a ho
lr~m~m§Mo {eî` hmoV.o Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr H$mhr CnmgZm gm§{JVcr hmoVr d nmÊ`mda
CVmUo Va§JV amhÿZ Vo Vr H$arV AgV. lr~m~m§er Ë`m§Mm ~amM nÌì`dhmahr Ago.
Ë`m§Mr AZoH$ nÌo lr.~oS>oH$a `m§À`m g§J«hmV AmhoV.
lr~m~m VoWZy _T> `oWo Joc.o VoWZy XmoZ-VrZ _¡cm§da EH$m S>mJ| amda ~m|~ë`m {dR>m~o mMo
XoD$i Amho. Ë`mMo Xe©Z KoD$Z ~gZo nwÊ`mcm Amco. dmQ>oV B§YZmMm ^S>H$m CSy>Z
AMmZH$ ~gZo noQ> KoVcm. lr~m~m§Zr MnimB©Zo ~g_YyZ ~mhoa CS>r Q>mH$cr. ~amo~aMr
_§S>ir ~g_Ü`oM am{hcr. na§Vw M_ËH$ma Agm KS>cm lr~m~m§Zr CS>r _maVmM
^S>H$cocr ~g EH$X_ em§V hmoD$Z, gdmªÀ`m OrdmdaMo g§H$Q> Q>ico.
nmZg|À`m _wcmcm AmOmamVyZ ~ao Ho$co.
nwÊ`mVrc lr.à^mH$a e§H$a nmZgo ho J¥hñW lrg§V Zmam`U _hmamO Ho$S>JmdH$am§Mo

92 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

{eî` hmoVo d Vo cîH$amV ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoV.o lr Zmam`U _hmamO Ooìhm g_m{YñW
Pmco, Voìhm Ë`m§À`m _Zmcm _moR>rM C{Û¾Vm àmá Pmcr. AmnU AmVm AJXr {ZamYma
Pmcmo Ago dmQy>Z Vo \$maM ~oMZ¡ Pmco. Pmon `oBZ© m. Aem pñWVrV EH$Xm Ë`m§Zm ñdßZmV,
nwÊ`mVrc EH$m añË`m_YyZ nm§T>am H$moQ>, YmoVa, S>moH$sg nm§T>am é_mc, Jù`mV nm§T>è`m
\w$cm§Mo hma KmVcoc,o Aer EH$ ì`º$s MmcV AgyZ, AmOy~mOyMo cmoH$ ^pŠV^mdmZo
Ë`m§À`m nm`mda S>moHo$ R>odrV AmhoV, Ago Ñí` {Xgco. ho Hw$UrVar gËnwéf AgmdoV `m
^mdZoZo lr.nmZgo `m§ZrgwÕm Ë`m§Zm Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm. Vo J¥hñW ""› VV² gV²'' Ago
åhUmë`mMoo lr.nmZgo `m§Zm EoH$y Amco. cJoMM Vo OmJ¥VmdñWoV Amco. nhmQ>M o r doi
Pmcr hmoVr. ñdßZmMm {dMma lr.nmZg|À`m _ZmV KmoiV hmoVm. Ago ho gËnwéf H$moU
~ao AgmdoV Agm {dMma H$arVM Vo H$m_mda OmÊ`mg {ZKmco. dmQ>Vo Ë`m§Mo ñZohr
lr.dg§V JmoqdX noR>o Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>co. Vo åhUmco, ""nmZgo, Vwåhmcm doi Agoc, Va
_mÂ`m~amo~a Mcm. Vw_Mr gËnwéfmMo Xe©Z ¿`m`Mr BÀN>m hmoVr Zm ? AmO KoD$Z
OmVmo XmIdm`cm.'' lr.nmZgo VgoM Ë`m§À`m~amo~a {ZKmco. noR>|Zr Ë`m§Zm Zmam`U
noR>oVrc Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Kar Zoco. {OZm MTy>Z XmoKm§Zr lr~m~m§À`m
ImocrV nmD$c Q>mH$co _mÌ Am{U lr.nmZgo EH$mEH$s W~H$co. g_moa JmXrda lr~m~m
_m§S>r KmcyZ ~gcoco hmoVo. nmZem§À`m _ñVH$mcm {PU{PÊ`m Amë`mgmaIo Pmco.
H$maU Á`m§Zm nhmQ>o Ë`m§Zr ñdßZmV nm{hco hmoVo Am{U Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm hmoVm VoM gËnwéf
g_moa ~gcoco hmoV.o lr~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z nmZgo Imcr ~gco. _Zmcm \$ma em§Vr
cm^cr. Xwgè`m {XdgmnmgyZ Vo amoO g§Ü`mH$mir H$m_mdê$Z `oVmZm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm
OmD$ cmJco.
àn§M _moR>m Agë`mZo IM© ^mJ{dÊ`mgmR>r lr.nmZgo Xwgao EHo$ {R>H$mUr nmQ>©Q>mB©_
ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoV.o amoOÀ`m Ym§XcrV KamVrc Jmoï>tMm {dMma H$aÊ`mg doiM gmnS>V
Zgo. EH$ {Xdg H$m_mda AgVmZmM S>mŠ° Q>am§Mm \$moZ Amcm H$s Vw_Mm _wcJm d` df}
XmoZ, EH$mEH$s AË`dñW Pmcm AgyZ Vm~S>Vmo~ {ZKyZ `mdo. Vo VgoM YmdV niV
gai hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o Joco. VoWo S>m°.Ec.~r Omoer `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm A{YH$M Km~adyZ gmoS>co.
Vo åhUmco, ""_wcJm `oWo AmUÊ`mg Vwåhr cmoH$m§Zr \$ma Cera cmdcmV. AmVm {H$Vrhr
Am¡fYmonMma Ho$co Var Ë`mMm H$mhr Cn`moJ hmoUma Zmhr.'' lr.nmZg§M o§ o hmVnm` Jimco.
Vo VgoM lr~m~m§À`m Kar Joco d gd© n[apñWVr gm§{JVcr. lr~m~m§Zr EoH$y Z KoVco d
nmZg|Zm _wcmMo Zmd H$m` Amho åhUyZ {dMmaco. lr.nmZg|Zr "{earf' Ago gm§JVmM
Vo åhUmco, ""Aao Km~ê$ ZH$mog, S>ã`mVcm A§Jmam Ko Am{U Ë`mcm cmd.'' lr.nmZg|Zr

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 93
Ë`mà_mUo Ho$co d S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm gm§{JVco H$s Vwåhr CnMma ~§X H$ê$ ZH$m. Oo H$m` ìhm`Mo
Agoc Vo hmoB©c nU Am¡fYo XoV ahm. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr _moR>çm ZmIwfrZo Ë`mcm B§OoŠeZo dJ¡ao
{Xcr. H$maU Ë`m§À`m _Vo Vmo _wcJm H$mhr Vmgm§Mm gmo~Vr hmoVm.
d¡ÚH$emómMo gd© {gÕm§V Am{U CnMma Wm§~{dÊ`mMm g„m XoUmè`m S>mŠ° Q>am§Mo
kmZ d AZw^d, ho gd© Ymã`mda ~gdyZ Vmo _wcJm Xwgè`m {Xder A§WéUmV CRy>Z
~gcm. Ioiy cmJcm. hm°pñnQ>c_YyZ Ë`mcm Kar AmUcm. Varhr S>m°ŠQ>a åhUVM
hmoV,o hm Oar ~am Pmë`mgmaIm dmQ>V Agcm Var nmdgmim CcQ>c o Ago dmQ>V Zmhr.
H$maU Aem Ho$gog \$ma {Xdg OJV ZmhrV. na§Vw nmZg|Mm _wcJm R>UR>UrV hmoVm. nwT>o
Vmo _moR>m hmoD$Z nXdrYa Pmcm Am{U S>m°ŠQ>am§Mo ^{dî` ImoQ>o R>aco.
lr.nmZg|À`m nËZrcmhr lr~m~m§ZrM OrdXmZ {Xco. nËZr ~mi§V Pmcr Ë`mÀ`m
{Vgè`m {Xder _yc XmB©À`m hmVyZ O{_Zrda nS>co Am{U dmMdÊ`mMm Iyn à`ËZ
H$ê$ZgwÕm AIoa XJmdco. `m KQ>ZM o m Vrd« _mZ{gH$ Y¸$m ~gyZ nËZrZo A§Wê$U Yaco
d àH¥$Vr hiyhiy ImcmdV OmD$Z AIoa EH$ {Xdg {Vcm dmV hmoD$Z ~S>~Sy> cmJcr.
lr.nmZgo Km~ê$Z lr~m~m§H$S>o Ymdco. ""BVŠ`m gH$mirM H$emcm AmcmV ?'' åhUyZ
lr~m~m§Zr {dMmaë`mda gd© h{H$H$V Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVcr. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""S>mŠ° Q>aMo
Am¡fY Mmcy Amho H$s Zmhr ?'' nmZg|Zr hmoH$ma XoVmM åhUmco, ""_J AmVm S>m°ŠQ>aMo
Am¡fY ~§X H$am Am{U S>ã`mVrc A§Jmam ¿`m Am{U amoO _§S>itZm cmdm.'' lr.nmZgo
Kar Joc.o lr~m~m§da nyU© ^adgm R>do Zy Am¡fY Wm§~{dco d \$º$ amoO gH$mi-g§Ü`mH$mi
lr~m~m§H$S>Mm A§Jmam cmdrV am{hco. AmR> {XdgmV nËZr qhSy> {\$ê$ cmJcr. hiyhiy
_mZ{gH$ ÑîQ>çmXoIrc gmdacr Am{U H$mhr {XdgmVM nydd© V OrdZ OJy cmJcr.
lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo `m Xwgè`m àg§JmVyZhr lr.nmZgo `m§Mo ajU KSy>Z Amco.
EH$Xm lr.nmZgo lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o Joco AgVmZm VoWo Xwgao EH$ ^º$, Ah_XZJaMo
lr.{_ga D$\©$ naXoer ~gcoco hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr nmZg|Zm Amncr {gJaoQ> noQ>dm`cm
gm§{JVcr. nmZg|Zr {gJaoQ> noQ>dZy {Xcr Am{U H$mS>çmMr noQ>r [aH$m_r Pmcr Amho ho
nmhÿZhr, \o$Hy$Z Z XoVm lr~m~m§À`m ~mOycm VerM R>do Zy {Xcr. WmoS>çm doimZo lr~m~m§Zr
Vr H$mS>çmMr noQ>r `m XmoKm§À`m {XeoZo \o$H$cr. lr.nmZg|À`m g_moa nS>ë`mZo Ë`m§Zr Vr
CMcyZ KoVcr d ñdV:H$S>o R>do y cmJco. BVŠ`mV lr.{_ga åhUmco, ""lr~m~m§Mr Vr
H$mS>çmMr noQ>r _cm {Xcr Amho'' Am{U Vr nmZg|H$Sy>Z _mJyZ KoVcr. lr~m~m ho gd©
nmhmVM hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr nmZg|Zm {dMmaco, ""nmZgo hmQ>©\o$c H$emcm åhUVmV R>mD$H$
Amho H$m` ?'' _J ñdV:M CÎma {Xco, ""hmQ>©\o$c åhUOo öX`{H«$`m ~§X nS>Vo d _aU

94 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

`oV.o g_Oc§ H$m ?'' lr~m~m§Zr _Ü`oM hm {df` H$m H$mT>cm `mMm XmoKm§Zmhr AW©~moY
Pmcm Zmhr. nU Z§Va XmoZVrZ {XdgmVM lr.nmZg|Zm Hw$UrVar gm§{JVco H$s lr.{_ga
Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§H$S>o ^oQ>ë`mÀ`m Xwgè`m {Xder ZJacm Joco Am{U öX`{H«$`m ~§X nSy>Z
Ë`m§Zm VoWM
o _¥Ë`y Amcm.
lr.nmZgo amoO g§Ü`mH$mir lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmV AgV. AgoM EH$m
g§Ü`mH$mir Vo Joco AgVm, lr~m~m§À`m ImocrV {Pamo d°Q>Mm ~ë~ cmdcocm hmoVm
Am{U Vo ñdV: JmXrda _m§S>r KmcyZ S>moio {_Qy>Z ñdñW ~gcoco hmoVo. lr.nmZgo
XadmOmOdi Wm§~co. AmV Omdo H$s Z Omdo Aem {dMmamV AgVmZmM Ë`m§Zm EH$
AX²^Vw Ñí` nmhmd`mg {_imco. lr~m~m§À`m _ñVH$mnmgyZ EH$ chmZer àH$memMr
JmocmH$ma MH$Vr {ZKyZ hiyhiy gaH$VgaH$V ImocrÀ`m ~mhoa OmV Amho d nwÝhm VerM
gaH$VgaH$V _ñVH$mnmer `oV Amho Am{U nwÝhm ~mhoa OmV Amho. lr.nmZgo Hw$VyhcmZo
nmhmV VoWM o Wm§~co. VrZ doim hm àH$ma KS>ë`mMm Ë`m§Zr nm{hcm. na§Vw VodT>çmV
lr~m~m§Zr S>mi
o o CKS>co d Vmo àH$me {XgoZmgm Pmcm.
lr~m~m§Zr ^º$m§Zm nmonQ> nmimd`mg {Xco
lr~m~m§Zr {H$_mZ nmM-ghm cmoH$m§Zm nmonQ> nmimd`mg {Xë`mMo kmV Amho.
añË`mdê$Z OmUmè`m nmonQ>{dŠ`mcm hmH$ _mê$Z ~mocdm`Mo Am{U nmonQ> KoD$Z Hw$Umcm
Var Úm`Mm, Ago lr~m~m§Zr AZoH$Xm Ho$co hmoV.o
lr~m~m§Zr, lr.Hw$iJmdH$a Omoer `m§Zm EH$Xm AgmM nmonQ> {dH$V KoD$Z {Xcm
hmoVm. Vo nmonQ> KoD$Z Kar Amco, nU Vmo nmonQ> ImÊ`mcm ñne© H$arZm. Xwgè`m {XdergwÕm
Ë`mZo H$mhr Im„o Zmhr. Voìhm Vo qMVoV nS>c.o lr~m~m§H$S>o `oD$Z åhUmco, ""hm Z
ImUmam nmonQ> KoD$Z _cm H$m` H$am`M§` ? Ë`mÀ`m qnOè`mV S>mi, noê$, {_aMr,\$io
gJio H$mcnmgyZ VgoM nSy>Z Amho.'' lr~m~m åhUmco, ""H$miOr H$ê$ ZH$m, AmVm
Im`cm cmJoc h§ Vmo !''
lr.Hw$iJmdH$am§Mo g_mYmZ Pmco H$s Zmhr Hw$Umg R>mD$H$, nU Kar OmD$Z nmhmVmV
Vmo AmXë`m {XdgmnmgyZ EH$hr XmUm Z Cï>mdcoë`m Ë`m nmonQ>mZo gd© {OÞg \$ñV
H$ê$Z Q>mH$co AmhoV Ago Ë`m§Zm {Xgco.
lr.AÊUmgmho~ Jwá,o _wÝg\$ `m Amnë`m Jwé~§Yd§y a lr~m~m§Mo \$ma ào_ hmoV.o Ë`m§Zm
lr~m~m§Zr EH$ H$mgd {Xco hmoV.o Vo Ë`m§À`m nwîH$aUrV H$mhr {Xdg hmoV.o nwT>o Vo _aU
nmdco. lr.Jwáo `m§Zr Amnë`m ~§Jë`mÀ`m AmdmamVM Ë`mcm nwaco. {deof åhUOo Á`m

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 95
{R>H$mUr Vo H$mgd nwaco hmoVo, VoWo H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr Am¡Xw§~amMo amon CJdco.
lr.am_M§Ð ~mnyOr Am§~oH$a ho amoO Xwnmar lr~m~m§Zm Mhm KoD$Z `oV AgV. EH$
{Xdg Vo d Ë`m§Mr _§S>ir lr~m~m§H$S>o XwnmaÀ`m doir Mhm KoD$Z Jococo AgVmZm
añË`mVyZ EH$m nmonQ> {dH«o$Ë`mZo Amamoir {Xcr. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mcm da ~mocdm`cm
gm§{JVco. Ë`m Bg_mOdi nmonQ>mMr XmoZ {n„o hmoVr. Ë`mVrc EH$m {n„mcm lr~m~m§Zr
CMcyZ KoVco d Ë`mÀ`m nmR>rdê$Z hmV {\$adrV åhUmco, ""H$m` amhmUma H$m
Am_À`mH$S>o?'' _J gm¡.Am§~oH$am§Zm Ë`m {n„mcm hiX Hw§$Hy$ dmhm`cm gm§{JVco.
nmonQ>dmë`mcm nmonQ>mMr qH$_V {dMmê$Z qnOè`mgh nmonQ> KoVcm. Z§Va Xwgaohr {n„ÿ
{dH$V KoVco. _J Amnë`m Q´>§Ho$VyZ lr. Am§~oH$a `m§Zm EH$ gXam H$mT>m`cm gm§{JVcm
d Vmo gXam Ë`m qnOè`mcm Jw§S>miyZ R>odcm. Vmo {n§Oam gm¡.Am§~oH$am§Zm {Xcm d åhUmco,
""KoD$Z Om AmOr~mB©, hmoB©c Vwåhmcm Ioim`cm.'' lr.Am§~oH$am§Zr e§H$m H$mT>cr H$s
BVHo$ chmZ {n„ÿ H$go H$m` OJUma ? Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Vmo ñdV:cm gm§^miVmo.''
{deof åhUOo hm nmonQ> nwT>o gw_mao Vrg df} OJcm. Xwgao EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo hm
gd© {eOdcoco AÞ ImV Ago. lr~m~m§Zm {à` Agcocr ^Or, H$m§Xm KmVcocm {MdS>m,
{IMS>r Aem dñVy AmdS>rZo ImV Ago. lr~m~m§À`m AmdS>rÀ`m dñVy KamV Ho$ë`m
Am{U MwHy$Z Ë`mcm Úmd`mMo amhÿZ Joco Va Vmo AmoaSy>Z, \$S>\$S>mQ> H$ê$Z KamVrc
_§S>itMo cj doYZy KoV Ago. lr.Am§~Ho $a XwnmaÀ`m doir lr~m~m§Zm Mhm nmohmoMVm
H$arV AgV, Ë`mM doir `m nmonQ>mcm nU Mhm XoV AgV. Xoh R>do Ê`mnydu XmoZ {Xdg
AJmoXa lr~m~m§Zr, ""`mnwT>o Mhm nmR>dy ZH$m, Amåhr V¥á AmhmoV,'' Aer {MÇ>r
nmR>{dcr. VoìhmnmgyZ `m nmonQ>mZohr Mhm gmoS>cm. lr~m~m§À`m nwÊ`{VWrÀ`m {Xder
g§Ü`mH$mir àgmX J«hU H$ê$ZM `m nmonQ>mMmgwÕm BVa _§S>it~amo~a Cndmg gwQ>V
Ago. hm {deof ~mocV Zgo d ~hþVHo $ H$mi S>mi o o {_Qy>Z ñdñW ~gyZ Ago.
`mÀ`m OmoS>rMo Xwgao nmonQ>mMo {n„ÿ lr~m~m§Mo Xwgao EH$ ^º$ lr.nmaIr `m§Zm Ë`m§Zr
{Xco hmoV.o Vo XoIrc 24-25 df} OJco.
nmoi `m§À`m _wcrg Amamo½`àmár
lr.e§H$a Jmonmi VWm Hw$iJmdH$a Omoer `m§À`m_wio Ë`m§Mo OmdB© lr.{dîUy _mVªS>
VWm ZmZm nmoi, am.H$ë`mU hoXI o rc gZ 1948 nmgyZ lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg OmV
AgV. n{hë`m Iongo Ooìhm Vo lr~m~m§H$S>o Joc,o Voìhm Zoh_rà_mUo OdiÀ`m MmonS>rV
Ë`m§Mo Zmd, JmoÌ, nÎmm BË`mXr Zm|X Ho$ë`mZ§Va {Zamon XoÊ`mnydu lr~m~m§Zr EH$ én`mMo

96 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

ZmUo Ë`m§Zm {Xco. Ë`m§Mr AS>rM dfm©Mr _wcJr EH$Xm AmOmar nS>cr. {Vcm nwÝhmnwÝhm
Vmn `oB© d OmB©. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Am¡fYo nwîH$i {Xdg XoD$ZgwÕm H$mhr JwU `oB©Zm AWdm
AmOmamMo {ZXmZgwÕm hmoBZ© m. Ë`m_wio lr.nmoi `m§Zm \$ma qMVm dmQy> cmJcr. eodQ>r
lr~m~m§Zm nÌ {chÿZ gd© h{H$H$V gm§{JVcr. na§Vw Ë`m§Mo CÎma Amco Zmhr. dmQ> nmhÿZ
lr.nmoi `m§Zr nwÊ`mg àË`j OmD$Z lr~m~m§Zm `m~m~VrV {dMmam`Mo R>a{dco.
lr~m~m§H$S>o Xe©Zmg Joë`mda _wcrÀ`m AmOmanUm{df`r {dMmaco AgVm lr~m~m
åhUmco, ""g_wÐmV eofem`r Zmam`U dmñVì` H$aVmV. JwS>Km^a nmÊ`mV Om Am{U
ZmaimMr nyOm H$ê$Z Vmo ^Jd§Vmcm An©U H$am, åhUOo gd© R>rH$ hmoB©c.''
lr.nmoi _w~§ B©cm Joc.o XmoZ {Xdgm§da Zmair nm¡{U©_m Amcocr hmoVr. Ë`m {Xder
Vo Mm¡nmQ>rda Joc.o VoWo nyOm gm§JUmè`m JwOamWr ~«m÷Um§Mr JXu hmoVr. nU Ë`m doir
Zo_H$m Hw$Ry>ZVar EH$ _hmamï´>r` ~«m÷U CJdcm Am{U Ë`mZo lr.nmoi `m§Zm Vwåhmcm
ZmaimMr nyOm H$amd`mMr Amho H$m` åhUyZ n¥ÀN>m Ho$cr. lr.nmoi `m§Zr hmoH$ma XoVmM
Vmo Ë`m§Zm KoD$Z {H$Zmè`mcJV dmiyda ~gcm. Ë`m§Zm nyOm gm§{JVcr. Z§Va lr.nmoi
`m§Zr g_wÐmV JwS>Km^a nmÊ`mV OmD$Z lr_hm{dîUyMo ñ_aU H$ê$Z lr~m~m§À`m
Amkoà_mUo Vmo Zmai g_wÐmV gmoS>cm Am{U Kar Amco. Amü`© H$aÊ`mgmaIrM Jmoï>
KS>cr Am{U Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ lr.nmoi `m§À`m _wcrMr àH¥$Vr H$m`_Mr gwYmacr.
EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zr noR>o d JmoIco `m XmoKm ^º$m§Zm Amncr AñVmì`ñV Imocr gm\$
H$ê$Z ""Oer hmoVr Ver cmdm'' Aer Amkm Ho$cr. ñdV: ImocrÀ`m ~mhoa C^o amhÿZ
{gJmaoQ> AmoT>rV hmoV.o Ë`m XmoKm§Zm Ë`m doir Imocr gm\$ H$aVmZm JmXrImcr, VŠ`mÀ`m
Imcr, ^m§S>çm§À`m Imcr, \$irda Aem gw_mao nmM ghmeo én`m§À`m ZmoQ>m gmnS>ë`m.
Ë`m§Zr gd© Ogo hmoVo Vgo R>do ë`mda lr~m~m§Zr àgÞVoZo Imocrda Ñï>r {\$adcr.
Ý`w_mo{Z`mda CgmÀ`m agmMm à`moJ
lr~m~m§Zm Ý`w_mo{Z`m Pmë`mMo {ZXmZ S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr Ho$co hmoVo, VoìhmMr Jmoï>. Ë`m§Zm
Mhm{edm` H$mhrhr XoD$ ZH$m, Aer S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr VmH$sX hmoVr; H$maU N>mVr H$\$mZo
^ê$Z Jocr hmoVr. da C„oI Ho$coë`m noR>|Zm lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVco H$s ""_cm AÀN>oa^a
CgmMm ag nm{hOo.'' noR>o åhUmco, ""Vwåhmcm S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr ag ¿`m`cm _Zm Ho$c§`.
Vw_Mr N>mVr H$\$mZo ^ê$Z Jocr` åhUyZ !'' lr~m~m§Zr cmJcrM IS>gmdco, ""_r
gm§JVmo Vo EoH$m`M§ Amho H$s Zmhr ?'' ag AmUë`mda lr~m~m Vmo ag ß`m`co. dmñV{dH$
Eaìhr lr~m~m Hw$R>cmhr ImÊ`mMm nXmW© AJXr Aëngm KoV AgV. Xwgè`m {Xder

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 97
S>mŠ° Q>am§Zr `oD$Z N>mVr Vnmgcr Va N>mVr gm\$ _moH$ir Pmcocr, H$\$mMm, Ý`w_mo{Z`mMm
_mJ_yghr ZìhVm. {~Mmè`m noR>À| `m _Zmda _mÌ Vmon`ªV XS>nU hmoV.o
Xoh{dgO©Zmnydu lr~m~m§Zr OdiOdi gmS>Vo rZ _{hZo àm`mondoeZ Ho$co hmoV.o amoO
\$º$ EH$ nir^a ZmaimMo nmUr KoÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zm n[anmR> R>do cm hmoVm.
S>m.° AmnQ>M
| m WH$cocm nJma {_idyZ {Xcm
S>m.° lr.{d.AmnQ>o ho lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm AZoH$dma `oV AgV. EH$Xm Vo lr~m~m§H$S>o
Amcoco AgVmZm lr~m~m§Zr EH$ H$mJX H$mT>cm Am{U Ë`mda EImXo gaH$mar nÌ {chmdo
Aem WmQ>mV gwdmÀ` Am{U gwX§ a B§JO « r AjamV Surgeon General with the Govt.
of Bombay Agm _m`Zm d Imcr "Please pay his old pay,' Aem AWm©Mo dmŠ`
{chÿZ Vmo H$mJX lr.AmnQ>o `m§À`m hmVmV {Xcm. àW_ Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m `m H¥$VrMm
AW© C_Ocm Zmhr. na§Vw {VVŠ`mV AmR>dco H$s Amncm VrZ dfmªndy uÀ`m ñQ>S>r {cìhÀ`m
H$mimVrc nJma {_imcm ZìhVm Am{U Vmo {_imdm åhUyZ Ho$cocm AO© gO©Z OZacH$Sy>Z
Zm_§Oay hmoD$Z ZwH$VmM naV Amcm hmoVm. lr~m~m§Zr {Xcoë`m H$mJXm_wio nwÝhm EH$Xm
AO© H$amdm Aer àoaUm {_imcr. Vgo H$aVmM nwT>o Ë`m AOm©Mm \o$a{dMma hmoD$Z Ë`m§Zm
ñQ>S>r {cìhMm nJma {_imcm Am{U lr~m~m§À`m H¥$VrMm J{^©VmW© g_Ocm.
lr~m~m Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Yrc dmñVì`mV amoO gH$mir J°carV `oD$Z gy`m©H$S>o
~KV amhmV AgV. Ë`m {R>H$mUr R>do coë`m XmoZ Hw$§ S>çm§nH¡ $s EH$m_Ü`o nmUr d Xwgè`m§V
YmÝ` Ago nmIam§gmR>r R>do rV AgV. H$YrH$Yr _m§Oa Hw$Ìm {Xgë`mg Ë`mÀ`mnmR>r
^mH$ar KoD$Z Ymdni H$arV. dmS>çmV H$moUmcm ~ao Zgoc Am{U Oa lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m
KamV nmD$c R>odco, Va Ë`mMm AmOma ~am hmoUma Amho `mMr {ZYm©ñVnUo _Zmer
IyUJmR> ~m§Ymdr, Agm cmoH$m§Mm AZw^d hmoVm. Ë`m dmS>çmVrc amOJwê$ Hw$Qw>~§ mVrc
_wcmcm nmohm`cm Jocm AgVmZm AnKmV Pmcm d hmVmcm XwImnV Pmcr. Ë`m {Xder
lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o `oUmè`m gd© ^º$m§Zm Vo gm§JV hmoVo H$s, ""Vwåhr Ë`m _wcmcm ^oQ>yZ
`m.'' Ë`m {Xder g§Ü`mH$mir Vo ñdV:gwÕm Ë`mcm ~KyZ Joc.o cdH$aM Vmo _wcJm ~am
Pmcm.
Ë`m§À`m KamV MmaMma {Xdg nSy>Z Agcocm Mhm, qc~mMo ga~V, ImÊ`mMo nXmW©
Vo ^º$m§Zm XoV AgV. nU Ë`mcm VmÁ`m AÞmMr Md Agë`mMm AZw^d `oV Ago.
EH$Xm EH$ {eî` Xe©Zmcm Amcocm AgVmZm lr~m~m g§S>mgmVyZ ~mhoa `oV hmoV.o g_moa
Vmo {XgVmM Ë`mcm nm` YwdZy Cacoë`m nmÊ`mMo VrW© ¿`m Ago åhUmco. Ë`mZo Vo KoVco

98 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Zmhr, Voìhm Iyn amJmdco Am{U Ë`mcm añË`mn`ªV KmcdyZ {Xco. XwîàmaãYm_wio \$ma
_moR>çm cm^mcm Vmo _wH$cm Agmdm Am{U åhUyZM gX²Jéw amJmdco AgmdoV.
^mÐnX ewÕ MVwWucm JUnVrMr _yVu AmUyZ lr~m~m nyOm H$arV AgV. na§Vw
_yVuMo {dgO©Z dJ¡ao _mÌ H$arV ZgV. Vo ~gV AgV Ë`m {R>H$mUÀ`m H$nmQ>mV Ë`m
_yVu VemM R>do rV AgV. Ë`m§Zm H$moUr ZdrZ H$nS>o {Xco Va Vo VgoM R>do Zy OwZo H$nS>M
o
dmnarV AgV. H$mhr df} {Xdmircm ZaH$ MVwXe © rÀ`m {Xder Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`oM
amhmUmao EH$ XmXm nam§Ono ZmdmMo J¥hñW lr~m~m§Zm D$Z nmÊ`mZo ñZmZ KmcrV AgV.
gm¡.AmB©gmho~m§Mo {ZYZ Pmco, Voìhm Ë`m§Zr Hw$Umcmhr Amnë`mH$S>o gm§ËdZmgmR>r `oD$
{Xco Zmhr. Xoh ñ_emZmV ZoÊ`mMo doir _mÌ gd© Mm§Jco H$nS>o KmcyZ lr~m~m, Y_©nËZrcm
AIoaMm {Zamon XoÊ`mg Joco hmoVo.
lr~m~m§À`m dmS>çmVM amhmUmam da C„o{Icocm lr.eaX amOJwê$ hm _wcJm Voìhm
B§J«Or Xwgar-{VgarV hmoVm. Vmo lr~m~m§H$S>o B§J«Or {eH$Ê`mgmR>r `oD$Z ~gV Ago.
lr~m~m Ë`mcm CËH¥$ï>nUo Am{U AJXr _ZmnmgyZ {df` g_OmdyZ XoV AgV.
lr~m~m§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zm_wio hm {dÚmWr© BVH$m à^m{dV Pmcm H$s nwT>o nrEM.S>r. hmoD$Z
g§emoYH$-àmÜ`mnH$ åhUyZ OmJ{VH$ nmVirda _mÝ`Vm àmßV ~Zcm.
H$dR>miH$am§Zm lrH¥$îUmMo Xe©Z
nwÊ`mV H$dR>miH$a d¡Ú ZmdmMo EH$ gËnwéf hmoV.o Ë`m§Mr lrH¥$îUmMr ^º$s AgyZ
Ë`m§Mm {eî`n[adma lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Zmcm `oV Ago. `m {eî`m§À`m _ZmV EH$Xm Hw$Vyhc
{Z_m©U Pmco H$s, lr~m~m§Mr AmÜ`mpË_H$ nmVir H$moUVr Agoc. Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m
JwéZ§ m `m{df`r {dMmaco. Voìhm Vo åhUmco, ""_r ñdV: OmD$Z Ë`m§Zm nmhrZ Am{U _J
`m~m~VrV gm§JZo .''
Ë`mà_mUo EH$ {Xdg Vo Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o lr~m~m§H$S>o Amco. lr~m~m ~gcoco
hmoVo. lr H$dR>miH$am§Mo cj Ë`m§À`m nm`mH$S>o Joco. {VWo Ë`m§Zm Ago Ñí` {Xgco H$s
lr~m~m§À`m nm`mÀ`m A§JR>çmVyZ EH$ VoOmMm _moR>m PmoV ~mhoa nS>V AgyZ Ë`mV
^JdmZ lrH¥$îU {damO_mZ Pmcoco AmhoV. ho AM§{~V H$aUmao Ñí` nm{hë`mZ§Va nwT>o
Vo Amnë`m {eî`m§Zm AmJ«hmZo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r nmR>dZy XoD$ cmJco.
~mQ>cr^a H$m°S>{cìha Am°B©c nmOco
XÎmmÌo` `ed§V AmR>dco D$\©$ Aßnm hm Eg.nr. H$m°cO
o _Yrc B§Q>a-gm`ÝgMm

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 99
{dÚmWu, lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Zoh_r `oV Ago. narjoMm {ZH$mc cmJÊ`mnydu nwT>rc
{ejUmgmR>r H$moUVr emIm {ZdS>mdr ho {dMmaÊ`mgmR>r Vmo EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§H$S>o
Amcm. Ë`m§Zm åhUmcm, ""_cm \$ñQ>© Šcmg {_ioc Ago dmQ>Vo Voìhm nwT>o H$moUVm
Aä`mgH«$_ {ZdS>mdm ?''
lr~m~m§Zr àýmMo CÎma Z XoVm Ë`mcm Xma, {IS>H$s ~§X H$aÊ`mg gm§{JVcr. H$moUrhr
Amco Var Xma CKS>m`Mo Zmhr Aer VmH$sX XoD$Z R>do cr. _J åhUmco, ""hr gd© OmJm
ñdÀN> PmSy>Z H$mT> d ImocrV BH$S>o {VH$S>,o JmXrImcr, VŠŠ`mImcr, Q´>H§ $o V, \$moQ>m_o mJo
Oo H$mhr n¡go gmnS>Vrc Vo gd© Jmoim H$a.''
Ë`m {dÚmÏ`m©Zo Amkoà_mUo gd© Imocr PmSy>Z H$mT>cr d OodT>o n¡go, ZmoQ>m d ZmUr
gmnS>cr Vr gd© Jmoim H$ê$Z _moOcr. EHy$U a¸$_ gw_mao gmS>oVrZ hOma én`o ^acr.
lr~m~m åhUmco, ""`m n¡emVyZ AmnU EH$ ßcm°Q> d Ka KoD$. XmoZMma chmZem Imoë`m
Agë`m Var _cm MmcVrc.''
`m gd© H$m_mcm gw_mao XmoZ Vmg cmJco. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m _wcmcm {dMmaco, ""H$m`
ao X_cmg H$m` ? Vwcm eº$s `oÊ`mgmR>r Q>m°{ZH$ {Xco nm{hOo. hr Xhm én`mMr ZmoQ>
KoD$Z ~wYdma noR>oV Om Am{U Ho${_ñQ>H$Sy>Z EH$ H$m°S>{cìha Am°B©cMr ~mQ>cr KoD$Z
`o.''
Aßnm ~wYdma noR>Vo Jocm d EH$ aÎmc H$m°S>{cìhaMr ~mQ>cr KoD$Z Amcm. lr~m~m§Zr
co~cdaÀ`m gyMZm dmMm`cm gm§{JVë`m. Vmo åhUmcm, ""gH$mi-g§Ü`mH$mi EH$
M_Mm XwYmVyZ ¿`m`Mo AgVo.'' _J lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mcm Vr ~mQ>cr CKS>m`cm gm§{JVcr.
lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:À`m hmVmda WmoS>o H$m°S>{cìha Am°Bc KoVco d Ë`mcmhr WmoS>o ß`m`cm
{Xco. Aßnm åhUmcm, ""`mcm H$gcmVar dmg `oVmo`.'' Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""N>o,
N>o ! `mMr \$maM N>mZ Q>oñQ> Amho. Vy AmVm ZmH$ ~§X H$ê$Z hr gJir ~mQ>cr {nD$Z
Q>mH$.''
lr~m~m§À`m eãXmda ÑT> {dœmg Agë`m_wio AßnmZo Vr g§nU y © ~mQ>cr [aH$m_r
Ho$cr. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""ho R>rH$ Pmco. AmVm Vwcm eº$s `oB©c.'' AßnmZo Amnë`mcm
M¸$a Amë`mgmaIo dmQ>Vo åhUyZ lr~m~m§Zm gm§{JVco. Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Vy
AmVm Kar Jocmg H$s AmB©cm gm§J, ^yH$ Zmhr åhUyZ Am{U ñdñW {ZOyZ amhm. OmVmZm
gm`H$c hmVmV Yê$Z MmcV Om Am{U dmQ>Vo CcQ>r H$mT>m`Mr Zmhr.''
Aßnmcm Kar OmVmZm H$goVarM hmoD$ cmJco. dmQ>oV Ë`m§Mo \°${_cr S>m°ŠQ>a ~|Ð|Mo
Ka hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm AßnmZo gd© h{H$H$V gm§{JVcr. Voìhm S>m°. ~|Ðo Iyn amJmdco d Ë`mMr

100 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

gm`H$c Amnë`mH$S>o R>do Zy KoVcr. Amnë`m _moQ>marV Aßnmcm KmcyZ Vo lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o
Amco. Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""hm AmnUhÿZM gJir ~mQ>cr ß`m`cm !'' _J AßnmH$S>o
diyZ åhUmco, ""Vwcm Kar Om`cm gm§{JVco AgVmZm Vy S>mŠ° Q>aH$S>o H$m Jocmg ?''
S>m°ŠQ>a Ë`mcm KoD$Z lr~m~m§À`m ImocrÀ`m ~mhoa nS>co. Ë`m§À`m _ZmV {dMma
Mmccm hmoVm H$s `mcm AmVm dm§VrMo Am¡fY Úmdo åhUOo gJio H$m°S>{cìha Am°Bc ©
~mhoa nSy>Z OmB©c. BVŠ`mV lr~m~m§Zr AmVyZM hmH$ _mê$Z Ë`m§Zm ~mocmdco d åhUmco,
""dm§VrMo Am¡fY dJ¡ao H$mhr Úm`Mo Zmhr ~a§ H$m ! ZmhrVa _J gJir O~m~Xmar
Vw_Mr.''
S>mŠ° Q>am§Zr H$mhrhr CnMma Z H$aVm Aßnmcm _moQ>marVyZ Kar ZoD$Z gmoS>c,o lr~m~m§À`m
gm§JÊ`mà_mUo H$mhrhr Z ImVm{nVm Vmo ñdñW {ZOyZ am{hcm. amÌr S>m°.~|Ðo Ë`mMr
AdñWm H$er H$m` Amho Vo nmhÿZ Joc.o nU Ë`mcm JmT> Pmon cmJcocr hmoVr. Aßnm
gH$mir CR>cm. Vmo Ë`mcm EH$X_ VmOoVdmZo dmQ>V hmoVo. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zm OmD$Z ^oQ>cm,
Voìhm S>m°ŠQ>agwÕm Amü`©M{H$V Pmco. Ë`m§À`m A§XmOmà_mUo `mÀ`m AmVS>çm§da
H$mhrVar Anm`H$maH$ n[aUm_ {Xgm`cm nm{hOo hmoVm. VoWyZ Aßnm lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o
Amcm d åhUmcm, ""_r EH$X_ R>rH$ Amho. CcQ> n{hë`mnojm _cm VaVar dmQ>V.o ''
ho EoH$VmM lr~m~m åhUmco, ""N>mZ ! AmVm Vwcm Am¡fYmMr _m{hVr Pmcr. _J AmVm
Vy S>m°ŠQ>a ìhm`M§g ~a§ H$m§ !''
Aä`mgH«$_ H$moUVm {ZdS>m`Mm `m àýmMo CÎma XoÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m§Zr hr crcm
Ho$cr ho AßnmÀ`m cjmV Amco. nwT>o Vmo `eñdrarË`m d¡ÚH$s` nXdr {_idyZ S>mŠ° Q>ar
ì`dgm` H$ê$ cmJcm.
lr~m~m§À`m JmXrImcr ZmoQ>m§Mo Wa
lr.dmgwXod Zmam`U {MVio ZmdmMo EH$ d¡ÚH$s` emIoMo {dÚmWu nwÊ`mV
{ejUmgmR>r am{hco hmoV.o Vo AYyZ_YyZ lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oV AgV. ho {_aOoMo
amhmUmao hmoV.o eodQ>À`m dfm©Mr narjm Pmë`mda Vo {_aOocm Amnë`m Kar gwÅ>r_Ü`o
OmUma hmoV.o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Ooìhm Vo Joc,o Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco,
""JmXr da CMcyZ JmXrImcr Mma AmUo AmhoV Vo H$mT>. nwT>o H$m` H$am`Mo Vo _J
gm§JVmo.'' lr.{MVi|Zr JmXrMm H$monam da Ho$cm {Z Amü`m©Zo Am dmgcm. lr~m~m§À`m
g§nU
y © JmXrImcr gJù`m e§^a én`m§À`m ZmoQ>m A§Wacoë`m hmoË`m. lr.{MVi|Zm Mma
AmÊ`mMo ZmUo H$mhr gmnS>co Zmhr.Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm gm§{JVco,""JmXrImcr ZmUo Zmhr

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 101

gmnS>V.'' lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Aao, ZrQ> nmhm, Hw$R>Vo ar gm§XrH$monè`mV OmD$Z ~gco
Agoc.'' lr.{MVio `m§Zr nwÝhm JmXr da H$ê$Z nm{hco Va gJù`m ZmoQ>m Jm`~ Am{U
\$º$ Mma AmÊ`mMo EH$ ZmUo hmoV.o lr~m~m åhUmco, ""ho Mma AmUo {_aOocm Jocmg H$s
AÊUm~wdm§À`m g_mYrda R>do .'' lr AÊUm~wdm ho \$ma _moR>o O¡Z gËnwéf hmoD$Z Joc.o Vo
Zoh_r {XJ§~a AdñWoV amhmV AgV. lr.{MVi|Zm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""AmVm EH$X_
{S>g~| a_Ü`o BH$S>o `o.'' Ë`m§Zm Amü`© dmQ>co na§Vw VrZM _{hÝ`m§Zr Am°JñQ> _{hÝ`mV
lr~m~m§Zr Xoh R>do cm. Ago Oar KS>co Var lr.{MVio OoìhmOoìhm lr AÊUm~wdm§À`m
g_mYrÀ`m Xe©Zmg OmV AgV, Ë`m Ë`m doir g_mYrda Ë`m§Zm lr~m~mM ~gcoco
{XgV AgV.
EH$Xm S>m.° {MVio lr~m~m§H$S>o ~gcoco AgVmZm lr~m~m§H$S>o {Z`{_V `oUmam {MVio
AmS>ZmdmMmM Xwgam EH$ ^º$ VoWo Amcm hmoVm.Ë`mcm KmoS>çmÀ`m aogMm ZmX hmoVm.
EH$m e{Zdmar Ë`mZo lr~m~m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""_r CÚm gH$mirM _w~§ B©cm OmVmo`.'' `mda
lr~m~m åhUmco, ""H$m` ao Zmhr Jocmg, Va ~mn _aoc H$m` ao ?'' BVHo$ gm§JZy gwÕm
Ë`mZo Amncm hÅ> nwam Ho$cmM. lr~m~m§Zm _mÌ Ë`mZo AmnU _w~§ B©cm OmV Zmhr Ago
ImoQ>M o gm§{JVco. Xwgè`m {Xder nwÝhm S>m.° {MVio lr~m~m§Odi ~gcoco AgVmZm lr~m~m
EH$X_ _Ü`oM _moR>çmZo AmoaS>c,o ""Var _r Ë`mcm gm§JV hmoVmo. OmD$ ZH$mog åhUyZ !''
S>m.° {MVio Am{U BVa _§S>itZm Ë`m doir lr~m~m§À`m CX²Jmam§Mm AW© cmJcm Zmhr,
na§Vw EH$XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr Hw$UrVar ~mV_r AmUcr H$s Ë`m aog Ioim`cm Jocëo `m J¥hñWm§Mo
_w§~B©cm AnKmVr {ZYZ Pmco. g{dñVa _m{hVr H$icr Voìhm Ago AmT>ico H$s
AnKmVmMr doi Am{U lr~m~m§Zr ^º$m§g_moa Ë`m§Mm Ho$cocm C„oI `m XmoÝhr doim
~amo~a OwiV hmoË`m. Ë`m J¥hñWm§Mo XwXd£ BVHo$ à~i hmoVo H$s, lr~m~m§Mr Amkm _moS>yZ
Ë`mcm _w~§ B©cm OmÊ`mMr Xw~Õ ©w r Pmcr.
S>m.° {MVio `m§Mr nydu lr~m~m§À`m Kar lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§er ^oQ> Pmcr
hmoVr. na§Vw S>mŠ° Q>a Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zm AmoiIrV ZìhVo. gZ 1953 À`m OyZ _{hÝ`mV
XmoKho r lr~m~m§À`m Kar CnpñWV AgVmZm lr~m~m§Zr lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm
Amkm Ho$cr, ""AmVm `m nwT>o `m S>mŠ° Q>acm H$mhr cmJoc Vo Vy ~K ! Ë`mcm _r VwÂ`mda
gmon{dcm`.'' S>m.° {MVi|Zm `mMm g§X^© cjmV Z Amë`m_wio Amü`© dmQ>c.o nwT>o lr~m~m
g_m{YñW Pmë`mZ§Va XmoZ dfmªZr Vo g_m{Y_§{XamV Amco AgVmZm lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Mr Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z, ""AmVm Hw$R>o BH$S>{o VH$S>o OmÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm
Zmhr. `oWM o `oV Om,'' Ago gm§{JVco. AmUIr Agohr gm§{JVco H$s, ""lr~m~m§Zr

102 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_cm Vw_À`m~Ôc Ago gm§JZy R>do c§` H$s, "Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o ZrQ> cj Xo. Ë`mcm aËZm{Jarcm
_rM R>do cm`.' Voìhm Vwåhr {ZqüV amhmdo.''
gZ 1956 _Ü`o S>m.° {MVi|À`m c¾mMr damV nwÊ`mVM {ZKmcr hmoVr. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§Mm
lr.JUmoao Q>c o a ZmdmMm EH$ ^º$, S>mŠ° Q>am§Zm gd©ñdr An[a{MV, na§Vw YmdV niV `oD$Z
Ë`mZo añË`mVyZ damVrMr _moQ>ma Mmccr hmoVr, Vr Wm§~{dcr Am{U {dMmaco, ""Vwåhr dmgwXdo
{MVioM Zm ? lr~m~m§Zr _cm ÑîQ>mÝV XoD$Z gm§{JVco H$s, dmgwXdo Zo c¾ Ho$c§` Ë`mMr damV
~KyZ `o.'' S>mŠ° Q>am§Zm lr~m~m§Mo àË`j Amerdm©X cm^ë`mà_mUo AmZ§X Pmcm.
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr 21 _o 1989 amoOr Xoh R>do cm. Ë`m doir ~amo~a
Ë`mM gw_mamg S>m.° {MVio aËZm{Jarcm XwnmaMo ^moOZ H$ê$Z dm_Hw$jr H$arV AgVmZm,
H$m°Q>À`m ~mOycm lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm OmJ¥VmdñWoV àË`j Xe©Z
{Xco. S>m°ŠQ>a H$m°Q>dê$Z CR>yZ C^o am{hco, Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm. lr_hmamOm§Zm XyY KoUma
H$m? Ago {dMmaco, Ë`mda lr_hmamOm§Zr CÎmaXoIrc {Xco H$s, ""_r AmÎmm OmVmo`,
XyY Z§Va KoB©Z.'' cJoM ~mhoahr nS>co. ho gd© S>m°.{MVio `m§Zr IS>IS>rV OmJo AgVmZm
AZw^dco. KamVrc _§S>itZm Ë`m§Zr, ""AmÎmm _hmamO `oD$Z Joc'o ' Ago gm§JVmM
Ë`m§Mm {dûdmg ~goZm. Xwgao {Xder lr_hmamOm§À`m _hmg_mYrMr ~mV_r H$mZr `oVmM
Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m eãXm§M,o ""Ë`mcm _r `mnwT>o VwÂ`mda gmon{dcm`,'' `m lr_hmamOm§Zm
Ho$coë`m AmkoMo ñ_aU hmoD$Z YÝ` dmQ>c.o lr_hmamOm§Zr Jwdm©kZo gw ma Amncr eodQ>n`ªV
H$miOr dm{hcr `m {dMmam§Zr Ë`m§Mo S>mi o o nmUmdco.
S>m.° {MVio `m§Zm AmOgwÕm ñdV:Mm d¡ÚH$r` ì`dgm` MmcdrV AgVm gX²Jéw À§ `m
gm_Ï`m©Mr à{MVr AZoH$Xm `oV.o Ë`m§Mo aËZm{JarV ñdV:Mo Z{gªJ hmo_ Amho. VoWo ZmZm
àH$maÀ`m é½Um§Zm `eñdrarË`m CnMma H$ê$Z Vo Amamo½`àmár H$ê$Z XoV AgVmV. AZoH$
AdKS> eñÌ{H«$`oMo é½U _moR>_moR>çm Zm_m§{H$V S>mŠ° Q>am§nj
o m Ë`m§À`mH$S>o OmUo ng§V H$aVmV.
AÚmnn`ªV Ë`m§Zm `m eñÌ{H« `m§_Ü`o An`e åhUyZ R>mD$H$ Zmhr. `mMo H$maU Vo gm§JVmV
Vo Ago- Hw$R>crhr H$R>rU eñÌ{H«$`m R>acocr Agcr H$s AmXë`m amÌr ñdV: lr~m~m
Ë`m§Zm ñdßZmV `oD$Z Ë`m eñÌ{H«$`og~§ Y§ r _hÎdmMo _mJ©Xe©Z H$aV AgVmV. EImÚm
é½UmÀ`m VnmgUrgmR>r Ë`mcm ñne©gÕ w m H$amd`mÀ`m AJmoXa, lr~m~m Ë`mÀ`m amoJmMo
{ZXmZ Ë`m§À`m A§V_©ZmV àH$Q> hmoD$Z gwM{dVmV. d¡ÚH$s` _hm{dÚmc`mV {eH$V
AgVmZmgwÕm hm AZw^d Ë`m§Zm nwîH$i doim `oV Ago. Aem àH$maMo gVV AZw^d
Amë`m_wio S>m.° {MVio ""lr~m~mM Iao S>mŠ° Q>a AgyZ AmnU Ë`m§À`m hmVmVrc EH$ gmYZ
AmhmoV,'' `m {dZ_« ^mdZoZo é½Um§Mr godm H$aÊ`mV Am`wî`mMo gmW©H$ _mZVmV.

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 103

 S>m.° {MVio `m§Zm lr~m~m§Mm AmUIr EH$ {deof AZw^d åhUOo ""amoO nhmQ>o 3
dmOyZ 10 {_{ZQ>mZ§ r Ü`mZ, YmaUm, On Aem àH$maMr CnmgZm H$arV Om,'' Aer
lr~m~m§Mr Ë`m§Zm Amkm Amho, Ë`mà_mUo XaamoO nhmQ>o Zo_Š`m Ë`mM doir S>m.° {MVi|Zm
lr~m~m ñdV: hmH$ _mê$Z CR>{dVmV. amÌr Pmonmd`mg Ë`m§Zm {H$Vrhr Cera hmoD$ Úm;
na§Vw `mV H$Yrhr I§S> nS>V Zmhr, hm _moR>mM M_ËH$ma åhUmdm cmJoc.
\$S>Ho$ `m§Zm VoOmoXe©Z KS>{dco
lr.Zmam`U aKwZmW \$S>Ho$, S>oß`wQ>r B§{O{Z`a ho Am°JñQ> 1950 nmgyZ lr~m~m§H$S>o
{Z`{_V `oV AgV. ho J¥hñW lr~m~m§À`m àW_ Xe©ZmVM EdT>o à^m{dV Pmco H$s Ë`m
{Xder Kar naV Amë`mda Ë`m§Mo H$emVM cj cmJoZm d nwÝhm CRy>Z lr~m~m§À`m Kar
Xe©Zmg Joco. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""gmaIo Jwé§H$S>o `m`Mo ZgVo. Vwåhm§cm gm§{JVë`mà_mUo
OodUmnydu amoO AYm© Vmg ñdñW ~gmdo.'' Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ Vo gH$mir d g§Ü`mH$mirhr
XmoZ AS>rM Vmg lr~m~m§À`m ghdmgmV ~gyZ amhmV. lr~m~m§Zr EH$Xm Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco
H$s, ""Jwé§Mo Ü`mZ H$amdo.''
lr.\$S>H$o ho Z§Va lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Joco AgVmZm VoWrc Q´>ñQ>r d lr~m~m§Mo
Jwé~§Yy lr.c.J.~mnQ> `m§À`mer lr~m~m§Zr Ho$coë`m CnXoem{df`r ~mocUo Pmco. lr
~mnQ> åhUmco, ""Ü`mZ JwéM § o Zìho Va {dîUyMo H$aUo g`w{º$H$ Amho. H$maU Jwé ho _mJ©Xe©H$
AgVmV.'' Z§Va Ü`mZ H$go H$amdo `m{df`rMr _m{hVr ìhmdr åhUyZ lr.\$S>H$o `m§Zm
Ë`m§Zr ""{dMma OmJ¥Vr'' ho nwñVH$ dmMmd`mg gm§{JVco. EH$ àV VoWM o {dH$V KoD$Z
lr.\$S>H$o g§Ü`mH$mir Zoh_rà_mUo lr~m~m§H$S>o Amco. Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {dMmaOmJ¥Vr
ho nwñVH$ R>do Zy Xo Am{U _r gm§JVmo Ë`mà_mUo JwéMo Ü`mZ H$arV Om,'' Ago ~Omdco.
nU `mZ§Vahr lr.\$S>Ho$ `m§Mm lr.~mnQ>m§er AÜ`mË_MMm© H$aÊ`mMm N>§X gwQ>cm
Zmhr. EH$ {Xdg g§Ü`mH$mir Vo lr~m~m§H$S>o Joco AgVm VoWo lr.JmoqdXamd OmoJioH$a
lr~m~m§Zm {nVir Ic~Î`m_Ü`o {dS>m Hw$Qy>Z XoV hmoVo. \$S>H|$Mo nmD$c ImocrV nS>VmM
lr~m~m åhUmco, ""`m§Mo Am{U ~mnQ>mM § o _wgi EH$M Amho Ë`m_wio EH$Ì Amco H$s
XmoKho r gmaIo Hw$Q>V ~gVmV !'' lr~m~m§Zr Agm empãXH$ {M_Q>m KoVcm Voìhm lr.\$S>H$o
`m§Zr na_mWm©Mm H$mÏ`mHy$Q> H$aUo Wm§~dco.
lr.\$S>H$o `m§Zr cmoUmdù`mÀ`m `moJml_mMo g§ñWmnH$ d MmcH$ lr.Hw$dc`mZ§X
`m§À`mer nÌì`dhma H$ê$Z n«mUm`m_, `moJmgZo `m§Mo {ejU KoÊ`mMr V`mar Mmc{dcr
hmoVr. na§Vw Ë`m§Zr àË`j àma§^ H$aÊ`mnyduM, EHo$ {Xder lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Vo

104 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Jocco o AgVmZm, ""àmUm`m_, AmgZo hm Amncm n§W Zìho. EH$M AmgZ pñWa gmYUo
Am{U ñdñW ~gUo hr Amncr nÕV Amho, CJmM Ymdni H$emcm H$aVm AmhmV ?''
`m eãXm§V lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Mm hm ~oV CISy>Z Q>mH$cm.
EH$Xm lr.\$S>H$o `m§À`m _ZmV VoOmoXe©ZmMr à~i BÀN>m Pmcr. Amnë`mcm hr
Jmoï> H$er gmÜ` hmoB©c `m {dMmamV AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m _ZmV Amco H$r gy`m©H$S>o nmhmV
amhÿZ Amnë`mcm hm AZw^d àmá hmoD$ eHo$c.
lr~m~m§Zr gy`q© ~~mMm ^oX H$aÊ`mMr gmYZm Ho$cocr hmoVr. Ë`m H$mimV Vo gVV
EH$drg {Xdg C{XV gy`©q~~mH$S>o Ñï>r cmdyZ ~gV. nmhmÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$ë`mnmgyZ
Vmo Vo AñV_mZ hmoBn© `ªV Ë`mÀ`mdarc ÑîQ>r T>iy XoV ZgV. ^a _Ü`m•rMm gy`© Vo
CKS>çm S>moù`m§Zr {nD$Z Q>mH$sV AgV. `m gmYZoV H$mhr H$mimnwaVr Ñï>r {ZH$m_r
Pmë`mMm AZw^d `oV AgVmo. na§Vw gmYZoMr nyVu hmoVmM Vr nydd© V hmoV AgVo.
lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lr~m~m§À`m gy`©_§S>imMm ^oX H$aÊ`mÀ`m CnmgZoMo
dU©Z Imcrc Amoì`m§VZy H$aVmV.
gy`m}X`mnmgmoZr gy`m©ñVmn`ªV Ÿ& EH$mJ« cmdrV cj q~~r§ Ÿ&&
Ñï>r ZM Mio CîUVoMo `moJo Ÿ& Ü`mZ Z Vo§ ^§Jo Vrd«Vmn§o Ÿ&&
amhmo{Z`m§ C^o c{jVr ^mZygr Ÿ& gy`_© S§ >imgr ^oXmd`m Ÿ&&
^oX Ho$cm Ë`m§Zr gy`_© S§ >cmMm Ÿ& M¡VÝ`-^mZyMm CX` Pmcm Ÿ&&
VoW Zm CX` Zmhr§ VoW AñV Ÿ& ghò ^mZy OoW CX¡Oco Ÿ&&
AZ§V Anma VoOmMm gmJa Ÿ& erVc Vmo \$ma M§Ðmg_ Ÿ&&
nm¡{U©_M
o m M§Ð Yamo{Z`m§ cjt Ÿ& c{jVr Acjr§ gX²Jé w ~m~m Ÿ&&
cm¡{H$H$ M§Ðmgr Ago d¥Õr j` Ÿ& VoW M§Ð hmo` Aj` Vmo Ÿ&&
erVc àH$mew Vmn j`mdrU Ÿ& Ago V§o gmYZ Acm¡H$rH$ Ÿ&&
M§Ð gy`mª OoW hmoV {_giUr Ÿ& cm{dVr Ë`m ñWmZr§ cj ~m~m Ÿ&&
IoMar JmoMar Am{U AJmoMar Ÿ& _wÐm namËnar cm{d`ocr Ÿ&&
Mm¡drg _wÐm§Mo n¡c {ZKwZr Joco Ÿ& na~«÷r§ _rZco AgwZr Xohr§ Ÿ&&
OZH$ amOmZ§ Omo `moJ gm{Ycm Ÿ& Vmo{M AmM[acm ~m~m§Zr§hr Ÿ&&
ñdê$n-gm§àXm`r {dh§J_-_mJ© Ÿ& AîQ>mJ§ amO`moJ nyU© Pmcm Ÿ&&
(g§{já gX²>Jwé-M[aÌ 7:122-135)

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 105

 AmnUhr gy`©q~~mÀ`m Xe©ZmZo VoOmoXe©Z àmá H$ê$Z ¿`m`Mo Ago lr.\$S>Ho$ `m§À`m
_ZmZo KoVco. Xwgè`m {Xder lr~m~m§H$S>o {ZË`mà_mUo Xe©Zmcm Joco AgVmZm, ""gy`m©H$S>o
nmhmV amhÿZ Ñï>r J_mdë`mg AmnU O~m~Xma Zmhr,'' Ago CX²>Jma lr~m~m§À`m _wImVyZ
EoH$m`cm {_imco. lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo H$mhr {XdgmZ§Va Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m S>moù`m§g_moa
_§X VoOmMm _D$ga Jmoim gVV Va§JVmZm {XgÊ`mMm AZw^d Amcm. Am°{\$g_Ü`o
H$m_ H$arV AgVmZm Ë`mMm {dga nS>V Ago. na§Vw Eadr gd© doi ho VoOmoXe©Z Ë`m§Zm
AÝ` H$mhrhr gwMy XoV Zgo.
lr.\$S>Ho$ `m§Zm hm àH$ma EH§$XarV ÌmgXm`H$ dmQy> cmJcm. AÝ` H$moUË`mhr
Jmoï>tda {dMma H$aUo, EImÚm {df`mda cj H|${ÐV H$aUo AeŠ` hmoD$Z ~gco.
n[aUm_ Agm Pmcm H$s ho gd© Agø hmoD$Z AmnU lr~m~m§Mo Z EoH$Vm `m ZgË`m
\§$XmV CJmMM nS>cmo, `m {dMmam§Zr Ë`m§Zm EH$ {Xdg aSy> H$mogico. Aem pñWVrV
lr~m~m§Zm _Zmo_Z eaU OmD$Z hr VoOmoXe©ZmMr ã`mX Amnë`m _mJMr gmoS>dm, Aer
Ë`m§Zr àmW©Zm Ho$cr. amÌr VgoM, aS>V aS>VM Pmonr Joc.o Xwgao {Xder gH$mir CRy>Z
nmhmVmV Vmo VoOmoXe©Z cwá Pmcoco AmT>ico.
H$mhr H$mimZo lr.\$S>Ho$ `m§Zm Pmcocm AmZ§X {dê$Z Jocm. H$maU Ë`m§Zm Ag§
AmT>iZy Amco H$s EdT>o Xwc^© VoOmoXe©Z, AmnU _ZmÀ`m M§McVoÀ`m Amhmar OmD$Z
KmcdyZ ~gcmo. `m gd© Jmoï>tMr Ë`m§Zm Z§Va \$ma hihi dmQ>V Ago.
nwT>o lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm ""› JwéXod ›'' `m _§ÌmMm On dmVmdaUm_YyZ AmnmoAmn
EoH$y `oÊ`mMm AX²^Vw AZw^d {Xcm. hm AZw^d XoVmZm lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""AmnU
ñdñW ~gm`Mo _J Jwé On H$aVmV. AmnU \$º$ EoH$Uo d JwéZ§ r Ho$cocm On _moOUo
EdT>M o H$m_ H$am`Mo. AmnU Ho$cocm On _moOÊ`mnojm JwéZ§ r Ho$cocm On _moOÊ`mV
Iar _Om Amho.''
lr.\$S>H$o `m§À`m Aem YagmoS> d¥Îmr_wio Ë`m§Zm na_mWm©Vrc nwT>rc CÀM AZw^dm§Zm
_wH$mdo cmJco. Ë`m~Ôc Ë`m§Zr nwT>o AZoH$m§Odi I§V ì`º$ Ho$cr.
lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§Zr EH$Xm lrJwéM[aÌmMr nmam`Uo H$ê$ H$m ? åhUyZ {dMmaco AgVm
lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Am_MoM M[aÌ Amåhm§cm EoH${dÊ`mMr Oéar Zmhr. EImXr Amodr,
\$ma Va nmM Amoì`m {Z`{_V dmMmì`mV Am{U EH$Xm hZw_mZ H$dM dmMmdo.''
lr.\$S>Ho$ `m§À`m YmH$Q>çm ~§Yy§Zm j` OS>cm hmoVm. S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr j-{H$aU VnmgUr
H$ê$Z N>mVrV S>mir EdT>r H°$pìhQ>r Agë`mMo gm§{JVco hmoVo. lr~m~m§À`m H$mZr hr
Jmoï> KmcVmM Vo åhUmco, ""Q>r.~r. åhUOo H$m` {deof AgVo ?'' XmoZ _{hÝ`mV ~am

106 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

hmoB©c.'' IamoIaM XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Z§Va Vo g§nyU© ~ao Pmco.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mVrc lr_Vr OmoerH$mHy$ EH$Xm lr~m~m§H$S>o Amcoë`m
AgVmZm lr.\$S>Ho$ VoWo ~gco hmoVo. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""\$S>Ho$ ! `m OmoerH$mHy§$Mr
Vwåhm§cm AmoiI H$ê$Z XoVmo; øm _moR>çm gmoec dH©$a AmhoV. H$mc Xwnmar _hmamOm§À`m
(lr~rS>H$a _hmamO) g_moa Mma Vmg gJù`m JmdmMr hmJmocr YwdrV ~gë`m hmoË`m.
R>mD$H$ Amho H$m` ?''
lr_Vr OmoerH$mHy$ da_ë`mgma»`m Pmë`m. Xwgè`m {Xder lr.\$S>Ho$ `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm
{dMmaco AgVm Ë`m åhUmë`m, ""H$mc _r d g_moaÀ`m AmnQ>o~mB©, lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§À`m _R>mV ~gyZ Mma Vmg Adm§Va Jßnm PmoSrV ~gcmo hmoVmo. Ë`mcm CÔoeZy
lr~m~m§Zr hm Q>mocm hmUcm hmoVm.''
Amnë`m gX²>Jwé§er lr~m~m EdT>o EH$ê$n Pmcoco hmoVo H$s _R>mV KS>Umè`m àË`oH$
Jmoï>rMr Zm|X lr~m~m§Odi VmËH$mi hmoV Ago d Vgm nS>VmimgwÕm `oV Ago. _R>mVyZ
Amcocm àË`oH$ _Zwî`, Ë`m _Zwî`mMr H¥$Vr d dV©Z AWdm _R>mV lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§g_moa ^º$m§Zr R>do cocm Z¡dÚ o `mMm C„oI lr~m~m§Zr ~gë`m OmJodê$Z Ho$ë`mMo
AZw^d AZoH$m§Zm Amcoco AmhoV.
lr.dg§V JmoqdX noR>o ZmdmMo lr~m~m§Mo EH$ ^º$ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV
Xe©ZmgmR>r, lr~m~m§À`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z OmV AgV. na§Vw _R>mV AmV_Ü`o Z {eaVm,
~mhoê$ZM gm`H$c nm`arer Wm§~dyZ EH$ nm` nm`arda Q>Ho $dyZ gm`H$crda ~gë`m
~gë`mM, hmV OmoS>yZ naV `oV AgV. Ago AmR> {Xdg KS>ë`mda lr~m~m noR>Z| m
åhUmco, ""Aao ! _hmamO (lr~rS>H$a _hmamO) åhUVmV VwÂ`m noR>çmMo nm` _mÂ`m
S>mŠo `mcm cmJV ZmhrV.''
lr.noR>Z| m Amncr MyH$ g_Ocr. Xwgè`m {XdgmnmgyZ Vgo H$amd`mMo gmoS>yZ AmV
OmD$Z ì`dpñWV Xe©Z KoD$ cmJco. Ë`mZ§Va _mÌ lr~m~m§Zr EH$m eãXmZohr `m Jmoï>rMm
C„oI Ho$cm Zmhr.
lr.noR>o `m§Mm _wcJm _wH$§w X (d` 10 df}) hm lr~m~m§À`m Kar OodUmMm S>~m
nmohmoMdrV Ago. Xa Jwédmar g§Ü`mH$mir OodUmMm S>~m nmohmoM{dÊ`mMr Ë`m§Mr godm
gw_mao nmM df} AI§S> Mmccr. lr~m~m H$Yr_Yr _wH$§w Xmcm Ë`m§Mr ~marH$ gmarH$
H$m_o gm§JV AgV. ~mcd`mV lr~m~m§À`m `mo½`VoMo kmZ hmoUo _wHw§$Xmcm AeŠ` hmoVo,
na§Vw lr~m~m§Mr Vr AmœmgH$ ZOa n{hë`m ^oQ>r_Ü`oM Ë`mÀ`m _Zmda Aer H$mhr
{~§~cr H$r AmO AÇ>mdÞ dfmªZV§ agwÕm lr._wH$§w Xamdm§Zm Vr ZOa Amncr gVV nmR>amIU

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 107

H$arV Agë`mMr à{MVr `oV.o
lr.dg§Vamd noR>o `m§Mm An_¥Ë`y lr~m~m§Zr Q>micm hmoVm. Ë`m g§~Y§ mV lr~m~m
åhUmco hmoV,o ""Mm{igmì`m nmZmda Oo {c{hco hmoVo ({d{Y{c{IV), Vo gmR>mì`m nmZmda
ZoVm `oBc
© , nU Vo nwgZy Q>mH$Vm `oV ZgVo.'' lr._wH$§w Xamdm§À`m ^{JZtZm gZ 1983
_Ü`o H°$Ýga OS>cm hmoVm. na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo {Vcm gZ 2006 n`ªV {Zd}YnUo
Am`wî` ì`VrV H$aVm Amco. `m AdYrV {VZo Amnë`m gd© àmn§{MH$ O~m~Xmè`m nma
nmSy>Z em§VnUo BhcmoH$sMr `mÌm g§n{dcr. g§nU y © noR>o Hw$Qw>~§ mcm lr~m~m g_m{YñW
Pmë`mZ§Va XoIrc Amncr nmR>amIU H$arV AmhoV `mMm AmOhr àË`` `oV AgVmo.
lr.\$S>H$o `m§À`m _ZmV, EH$Xm lr~m~m AÜ`mË_mV H$moUË`m nm`arn`ªV nmohmoMco
AgmdoV Aer dmdXyH$ e§H$m {Z_m©U Pmcr. Voìhm Xwgè`m Hw$Um gËnwéfmMo `m{df`r _V
MmMnyZ nhmdo Aem {dMmamZo Vo lr JwidUr _hmamOm§H$S>o Joco d Amncr e§H$m {dMmê$
cmJco. Ë`m àg§Jr lr JwidUr _hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVco, ""lr~m~m§À`m pñWVrMo _moO_mn
H$emZo H$aVm `oBc © ? doX Á`m AË`wÀM AdñWoMo dU©Z H$aVmV Ë`m Acm¡{H$H$ AdñWoV
gX¡d, A{daV amhmUmao Ago Oo {daio nwéf AgVmV, Ë`m H$moQ>rVrc lr~m~m AmhoV ho
g_OyZ amhm. Ë`m§Zm d§XZ H$ê$Z, Ë`m§Mr ^º$s H$ê$Z Amnco Bhna H$ë`mU gmYmdo. Vo
H$moU AmhoV ? Ë`m§Mo gm_Ï`© {H$Vr Agoc ? Agë`m H$mÏ`mHw$Q>mZo H$m` gmYUma ?''
lr~m~m§Mr `mo½`Vm H$m` Amho `m Hw$VwhcmnmoQ>r Á`m§Zr Á`m§Zr BVa gËnwéfm§Zm `m
~m~VrV N>So >Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm, Ë`m gdmªZm AemM Ame`mMr dmŠ`o EoH$md`mg
{_imcr. lr~m~m§Mm Aml` Ho$ë`mZ§Va XoIrc AÝ` gËnwéfm§H$S>o AOmUVonUo àgmX
_mJmd`mg Joë`mda ""Vwåhr _moR>çm KaMr _mUgo AmhmV, Vwåhmcm àgmX XoÊ`mMm
Am_Mm A{YH$ma Zmhr,'' Ago CX²>Jma Hw$R>Ho $w R>o EoH$md`mg {_imco. Va Hw$R>Ho $w R>o BVa
Xe©ZÀo Ny>À§ `m JamS>çmVyZ, hr lr~m~m§Mr _mUgo AmhoV Ago A§V:MjyZ§ r OmUyZ, Ë`m§Zm
{deof OdirH$ XmIdcr.
OmoJioH$am§À`m VwH$S>rMr VnmgUr Q>micr
lr.JmoqdXamd am_M§Ð OmoJioH$a Xohaÿ moS> `oWo Am_u ìhoBH© $c S>no mo_Ü`o Á`w{ZAa
H${_eÝS> Am°{\$ga hmoV.o 1951 À`m _mM©_Yrc KQ>Zm. lr.JmoqdXamd {gŠ`w[aQ>r ßc°Q>yZ
H$_m§S>a åhUyZ H$m_ nmhmV hmoV.o Ë`m§À`m g¡{ZH$s {d^mJmMr VnmgUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{X„rhÿZ S>m`aoŠQ>a Am°\$ {gŠ`w[aQ>r `oUma, Aer ~mV_r H$icocr hmoVr. S>no moVrc gd©
A{YH$mè`m§Mo Ym~o XUmUco hmoVo. H$maU hm {~«Jo{S>`a hwÔçmMm Am`[ae A{YH$mar,

108 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

BÝñnoŠeZÀ`m ~m~VrV H$X©ZH$mi åhUyZ JmOcocm hmoVm. `mMo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo hm
AË`§V H$S>H$, Imï> åhUyZ à{gÕ hmoVmM, na§Vw H$madmB© H$aÊ`mMr EH$ àH$maMr IwZer
hm¡g Ë`mÀ`m R>m`r hmoVr. X`m, j_m Z H$aVm jw„H$ MyH$ AmT>icr VargwÕm EImÚm
A{YH$mè`mcm Vmo {VWë`m {VWo ~S>V\©$ H$arV Ago. Ë`mcm VodT>m A{YH$maXoIrc
hmoVm. {Z`_mZwgma EH$ _{hZm AJmoXa gmho~ VnmgUr H$am`cm `oUma Aer nydg© M y Zm
{_imcr hmoVr. Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ àË`oH$ Am°{\$gaMr Pmon CS>mcr hmoVr.
lr.JmoqdXamdgwÕm H$miOrV nS>co hmoV.o `m A[aï>mVyZ H$go gwQ>Uma `m qMVoZo Vo
lr~m~m§H$S>o Joc.o gJir h{H$H$V Ë`m§À`m H$mZr KmVcr. lr~m~m§Zr gd© EoH$y Z KoVco d
{dMmaco, ""VwPo BÝñnoŠeZ {H$Vr VmaIog hmoUma Amho ?'' JmoqdXamdm§Zr VmarI
gm§JVmVM, lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`mOdiMr EH$ cmc nopÝgc JmoqdXamdm§Zm {Xcr d åhUmco,
""g_moa H°$c|S>a Q>mJ§ coco Amho. Ë`mVë`m BÝñnoŠeZÀ`m VmaIoda cmc \w$cr _mê$Z
R>do .'' lr~m~m§Zr `mV cj KmVë`mda lr.JmoqdXamd {ZqüV Pmco.lr~m~m nmR>ramIo
~Zë`mda Ë`m `wamo{n`Z A{YH$mè`mMr H$m` H$Wm, Aem {dœmgmZo Vo VnmgUrÀ`m
{Xder H$m_mda hOa Pmco. R>acoë`m H$m`©H«$_mZwgma {~«Jo{S>`agmho~ R>rH$ doioda
VnmgUrgmR>r CnpñWV Pmco. lr.JmoqdXamdm§À`m VwH$S>rMr (Platoon) VnmgUr ZD$
Vo gmS>Zo D$ `m doiVo ìhmd`mMr R>acr hmoVr. ~amo~a ZD$cm nmM {_{ZQ>o H$_r AgVmZm
Vmo `wamo{n`Z A{YH$mar lr.JmoqdXamdm§Mr VwH$S>r OoWo C^r hmoVr VoWo Amcm. EH$ ZOa
Q>mH$cr Am{U VnmgUr gwê$ H$aUma BVŠ`mV {X„rhÿZ Ë`mÀ`m d[að> A{YH$mè`mMm
\$moZ Amë`mMm {Zamon KoD$Z, EH$ OdmZ YmdV Amcm. _oOa OZac \$moZda ~mocV
hmoVm. gmho~mcm OmUo ^mJ hmoV.o \$moZ KoD$Z Vmo naV J«mD§$S>da `oVmo, BVŠ`mV H$cH$Î`mhÿZ
Q´>H§ $H$m°c Amë`mMo gm§JV Xwgam OdmZ Amcm. _ZmVë`m _ZmV {eì`m hmgS>rV Vmo
{~«J{o S>`a, Am°{\$gmV Jocm. Ë`mMm ~amM doi \$moZda ~mocÊ`mV Jocm. BVagwÕm H$mhr
H$maUo {ZKmë`mH$maUmZo Vmo OdiOdi Xwnmar EH$ dmOon`ªV Am°{\$g_Ü`oM JwV§ Zy am{hcm.
gJù`m ßc°Q>yÝg naoS> J«mD§$S>da VmQ>H$iV Cä`m hmoË`m. eodQ>r Ë`mZo {Zamon nmR>{dcm,
H$s ""AmVm EH$ Vo XmoZ c§MQ>mB©_ Amho. Ë`m_wio J«mC§S> BÝñnoŠeZ aÔ Pmcoco Amho.
Xwnmar gJio Am°{\$gg© Amnmnë`m JmS>n© moñQ>da VnmgUrgmR>r V`ma Agco nm{hOoV.''
~amo~a XmoZ dmOVm gd© Am°[\$gg©, JmS>n© moñQ>g² da YS>YS>Ë`m H$miOmZo IS>o Pmco.
XmoZÀ`m R>mŠo `mcm Vmo {~«J{o S>`a H$mimà_mUo C^m R>mH$cm. nU n{hë`mM JmS©nmoñQ>Mr
Ë`mZo BVH$s H$gyZ VnmgUr Ho$cr H$s Ë`mV ~amM doi KmcdyZ _J nwT>À`m JmS>n© moñQ>da
Vmo nmohmoMcm. Aem VèhoZo OdiOdi XrS> Vmg Ë`mMm n{hë`m XmoZ-VrZ JmS>n© moñQ>da

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 109

_moS>cm. eodQ>r JmoqdXamdm§À`m JmS>©nmoñQ>da nmohmoMÊ`mnyduM Ë`mZo VnmgUr AY©dQ>
gmoSy>Z {Xcr. gd© Am°{\$gg©Zr Am°{\$g_Ü`o hOa ìhmdo Agm hþHy$_ {Xcm.
lr.JmoqdXamdm§gH$Q> gd©OU hoS> Am°{\$gÀ`m B_maVrV O_co. nmM {_{ZQ>mV Ë`m§À`m
S>onmoMo H$Z©cgmho~ d hm Am`are {~«Jo{S>`a XmoKohr hOa Pmco. Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo
hm Am`are Am°{\$ga H$moUË`mhr qhXr A{YH$mè`mer hñVm§XmocZ H$arV Zmhr Aer
Ë`mMr »`mVr hmoVr. nU Ë`m {Xder _mÌ Ë`mZo `m gdmªer hñVm§XmocZ H$ê$Z gdmªÀ`m
H$m_mMr Vmar\$ Ho$cr. OmVmZm gdmªZm ew^oÀN>m XoD$Z Vmo hgV_wImZo naV Jocm. gdmªZm
hm EH$ gwIX Y¸$mM hmoVm. lr.JmoqdXamdm§Zm amhÿZamhÿZ gmaIr lr~m~m§Mr AmR>dU
`oV hmoVr.
g§Ü`mH$mir gmV dmOVm Xohaÿ moS> S>no moVZy naV Amë`mZ§Va JmoqdXamd YmdVniVM
lr~m~m§H$S>o Joco. lr~m~m Ë`m§À`m JmXrda S>moio {_Qy>Z ~gcoco hmoVo. JmoqdXamd AmdmO
Z H$aVm Ë`m§À`mg_moa `oD$Z ~gco; na§Vw ~gVmjUrM lr~m~m§Zr nwT>o PwHy$Z Ë`m§Mm
hmV hmVmV KoD$Z hñVm§XmocZ Ho$co Am{U åhUmco, ""H$m` ao AgmM Ho$cm hmoVm H$s
Zmhr eoH$h±S> gmho~mZo ? Ë`mMm hmV \$ma H$S>H$ hmoVm Zmhr ?'' lr~m~m§À`m
A§Vkm©Zm{df`r Ë`m doir JmoqdXamdm§Mr nwaVr ImÌr nQ>cr. H$maU IamoIaM Ooìhm
Ë`m§Zr gmho~m§er hñVm§XmocZ Ho$co, Voìhm AmnU EImÚm cmH$S>mÀ`m n§Á`mer hmV
{_i{dcm Amho, AgmM Ë`mÀ`m hmVmMm ñne© Ë`m§Zm dmQ>cm hmoVm.
lr.JmoqdXamdm§Zr lr~m~m§À`m MaUr _mWm Q>Ho $cm, Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco ""hm
VwPm {~«J{o S>`a \$ma {Xdg qhXwñWmZmV amhm`Mm Zmhr. Vmo {dcm`Vocm OmB©c. Vwcm
nwÝhm Ìmg Úm`cm `oUma Zmhr.'' lr~m~m§Mo eãX gË` R>aco. XrS>-XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Zr Vmo
gmho~ {dcm`Vocm Jocm.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV OÝ_mï>_rMm CËgd hmoV Ago. Ë`mgmR>r lr~m~m
AmdOy©Z CnpñWV amhmV AgV. ~amo~a EImXXwgam ^º$-{eî` hOa Agë`mg
Ë`mcmgwÕm KoD$Z OmV AgV. EHo$ dfu Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Xe©ZmgmR>r Amcoë`m lr.JmoqdX
am_M§Ð OmoJioH$a `m§Zm Ë`m§Zr {dMmaco, ""Aao ! AmO amÌr _R>mV H¥$îUOÝ_ AgVmo,
Vy `oerc H$m _mÂ`m~amo~a ?'' OmoJioH$am§Zr hmoH$ma XoVmM Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVco, ""amÌr
gmS>oAmR>-ZD$ dmOon`ªV BWo `o, _J AmnU XmoKohr OmD$.''
Ë`mà_mUo amÌr Vo XmoKo d AmUIrZ EH$ J¥hñW lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Joc.o
{deof JXu ZìhVr VargwÕm n§Yam gmoim _mUgo CËgdmcm Amcocr hmoVr. {VWo Joë`mda
lr~m~m gX²>Jéw À§ `m Vg{~ar eoOmarM H$R>S>çmcm Q>Ho $y Z, EH$m nmQ>mda ~gco. amÌr ~mam

110 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

dmOVm OÝ_moËgdmMm H$m`©H$« _ hmoVm. _Ü`o ~amM doi {e„H$ hmoVm. Vmon`ªV BH$S>o {VH$S>o
nmhmV lr.OmoJioH$a ~amM doi ~gcoco hmoV.o AMmZH$ Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m XohmH¥$VrV
H$mhrVar \o$a\$ma hmoV Agë`mMo OmUdco. nmhVm nmhVm lr~m~m§À`m earamVyZ VoOmMo
PmoV ~mhoa \$mH$VmhoV Ago {Xgy cmJco. Xwgè`mM jUr lr~m~m§Mo eara ñd`§àH$mer
~Zë`mMm AZw^d Amcm. Ogo H$mMoÀ`m nmoH$i _yVuV XmoZ noQ>´m_o Š° g ~Î`m noQ>dZy R>do coë`m
Agmì`mV Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m§Mo eara nyU© àH$me_mZ Pmë`mMo Ñí`, OdiOdi n§Yam
{_{ZQ>o gVV {XgV hmoV.o amÌr EH$ dmOVm gd© _§S>ir Amnmnë`m Kar Jocr. Ë`mM amÌr
nhmQ>o Mma dmOVm nwÝhm EH$dma lr~m~m§Zr lr.OmoJioH$am§Zm VgoM Xe©Z ñdßZmV {Xco.
lr~m~m§H$S>o `oUmao {eî`-^º$ Ë`m§À`mgmR>r Mhm H$ê$Z XoUo, ImocrMr gm\$g\$mB©
H$aUo dJ¡ao H$m_o H$arV AgV. lr.OmoJioH$a `m§Zm EH$ {Xdg Mhm H$am`cm lr~m~m§Zr
gm§{JVco. ""Aao Vr eoJS>r noQ>d, Jmodarda am°H$o c AmoV Am{U H$moigo XoIrc Kmc.''
lr.OmoJioH$am§Zr Ë`mà_mUo H$ê$Z eoJS>r noQ>{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Mmc{dcm, na§Vw eoJS>r
noQ> KoB©Zm. ZwgVr Yw_gV am{hcr. ""Aao \w§$H$a _ma, \w$§H$a !'' lr.OmoJioH$a \y§$, \y§$
H$ê$Z X_co. Ywam_wio JwX_am`cm Pmco åhUyZ {IS>H$s CKS>m`cm Joco Va lr~m~m§Zr
_ZmB© Ho$cr. ""{IS>H$s ZH$mo CKSy> ! ~mhoa W§S>r Amho. _cm gmogV Zmhr W§S>r !''
VgmM eoJS>r \w$c{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Omar R>do Zy lr.OmoJioH$a S>mi o o MmoirV, ImoH$V,
\w$H§ $a _mê$ cmJco. Yya dmT>VM Mmccm. Ë`m EdT>çmem ImocrV YwamMm EH$ T>JM
V`ma Pmcm. lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`mcm EdT>go o H$m_ gm§{JVco Am{U Vohr Amnë`mcm ZrQ>
O_y Z`o Am{U CcQ> lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§À`m d`ñH$a pñWVrV `m YwamMm {H$Vr Ìmg hmoV
Agoc ? hm {dMma _ZmV `oVmM Ë`m§Zm AdKS>ë`mgmaIo Pmco. nmR>r_mJo diyZ Vo
lr~m~m§H$S>o nmhÿ cmJco Va Ë`m Ywam_Ü`o lr~m~m§Mr AmH¥$Vr {XgoZmer Pmcr hmoVr
Am{U \$º$ XmoZ S>mi o ,o AJXr VoOñdr {hè`m§à_mUo cIcI H$aVmZm OmoJioH$am§Zm
{XgV hmoV.o lr~m~m§À`m Ñï>rg Ñï>r {^S>cr Am{U Xoh^mZ {dgaë`mà_mUo lr.OmoJioH$a
nmhmV am{hco. Odi-Odi AYm© {_{ZQ>, Vo `mà_mUo nmhmV am{hco. VodT>çmV Vmo Yya
AmnmoAmn Zmhrgm Pmcm, eoJS>rVë`m H$moiem§Zr noQ> KoVcm. ""Aao, nmhmV H$m`
am{hcmg _mÂ`mH$S>o ? eoJS>r noQ>cr`. Mhm Q>mH$ cdH$a !'' lr~m~m§À`m `m eãXm§Zr
lr.OmoJioH$a ^mZmda Amco.'' Kar Joë`mZ§Va {H$Ë`oH$ {Xdg Ë`m§Mo {hè`mgmaIo
M_H$Umao VoOñdr S>moio lr.OmoJioH$am§À`m Ñï>rg_moê$Z hcV ZìhVo.
lr~m~m§Zr EH$m H$mJXmda Ë`m§Zm nwT>rc AY©ícmoH$ {chÿZ {Xcm.
Úmdm n¥{Wì`mo-[aX_§V[aj§ {h Ÿ& ì`m᧠Ëd`¡Ho$Z {XeíM gdm©: Ÿ&

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 111

 hm AY©ícmoH$ nmM-ghm doim dmMë`m~amo~a lr.OmoJioH$am§Zm hiyhiy Amnco
eara hcHo$ hmoV Amho Agm AZw^d `oD$ cmJcm. ^yH$, {ZÐm `m§Mr Amgº$s Zmhrer
Pmcr. gVV Mmodrg Vmg hm ícmoH$M _ZmV JwO § V amhÿ cmJcm. EH$m§VmV OmD$Z `m
AmZ§XmV H$m`_ a_yZ Omdo, Agm {dMma _ZmV Omoa Yê$ cmJcm. Odi Odi XmoZ
VrZ _{hZo Aer AdñWm {Q>H$cr. Z§Va hm AmZ§X hiyhiy Amogê$ cmJcm. Z§Va _Z
nyd©pñWVrcm `oD$Z nmohmoMë`mZ§Va Vo lr~m~m§H$S>o Joco. lr~m~m S>moio {_Qy>Z ~gco
hmoVo. nmM {_{ZQ>m§Zr Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nmhÿZ åhUmco, ""H$m` ao, Jwé {eH${dVmV, {eH${dVmV
Am{U H$mTy>Z KoVmV Zmhr ?''
lr.OmoJioH$a {_{cQ>ar_Ü`o A{YH$mar hmoV.o Ë`m§Mm nmoemI Zoh_r gmho~r WmQ>mMm
gyQ>-~yQ> Agm AnQy>S>Qo > Ago. nU EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVco, ""_mUgmZo Am°{S>Z© ar
amhmdo.'' `m Ë`m§À`m EH$m dmŠ`mMm lr.OmoJioH$am§da EdT>m O~aXñV n[aUm_ KSy>Z
Amcm H$s Ë`m§Mr dfm©Zdw fmªMr N>mZN>mHo $sMr hm¡g EH$m jUmV Zmhrer Pmcr d Ë`mZ§Va
Zoh_rM Vo gmYmgwYm nmoemI dmnê$ cmJco.
lr~m~m§À`m CnXoemV Zoh_r, ""AmH$memH$S>o nmhmdo, VmaH$m§H$S>o nmhmdo,'' Ago
AZoH$Xm `oV Ago. Hw$VyhcmZo lr.OmoJioH$am§Zr EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zm `mMm A{YH$ Iwcmgm
{dMmacm. Voìhm Vo åhUmco, Distant vision makes the eyes clear Ago {\${OŠg
gm§JVo. `mgmR>r AmH$memH$S>o nmhmdo. {edm` AmH$memVrc Vmao ho B©œar VoOmMo àVrH$
Amho.'' lr~m~m§Zr OmoJioH$am§Zm EH$Xm nÌmV {c{hco, ""~«÷ ZmdmMo gË` Amho.
Ë`mMr à{MVr ¿`md`mg OÝ_Mo OÝ_ ¿`mdo cmJVmV. åhUyZ {dœmgmZo AZw^d ¿`mdm.
g§Vnr{R>Ho$V XÎmmÌo`m§nmgyZ _mÂ`mn`ªV nwîH$i _§S>ir Pmcr. ~«÷ åhUOo AmH$me.
AmH$me åhUOo AdH$me. Amnë`mcm H$mhr EH$X_ AdH$me hmoVm `oUma Zmhr. åhUyZ
{Xgoc Vo nmhmdo. AmnU Aä`mg H$aVmo Ë`mMm JmOmdmOm H$moUmcm XmIdy Z`o. na_mW©
Á`mMm Ë`mZo H$amd`mMmAgVmo. Ë`mH$[aVm Xwgè`m Bg_mg H$ï>r H$ê$Z Z`o. ñdV:Mo
Ah§^mdmZo {ZË`mä`mg H$amdm. EH$Xm Aä`mg H$ië`mda {Q>d{Q>d gmoS>yZ Úmdr. `mMo
Zmd {dœmg. ZwgË`m godoZo H$m_ hmoB©c. n«ýmoÎmamMo ^mZJS>rV nSy> Z`o. g§V-gX²>Jwé
{eUmd`mÀ`m AmYr AmnU Amnë`m _Zmer g_OyZ ¿`mdoV.''
lr~m~m§Zr darcà_mUo lr.OmoJioH$am§Zm nÌmÛmao CnmgZo~m~V _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$co hmoVo.
lr~m~m JmXr ImcyZ n¡go H$mTy>Z XoV
S>m°._Zmoha {dÇ>c OmoJ ho nwÊ`mV emco` {ejUmgmR>r ZmVodmBH$m§H$S>o amhmV hmoVo.

112 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Ë`m doiog Ë`m§Mo d` gw_mao n§Yam dfmªMo Agoc. EH$Xm lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV
Jococo AgVmZm VoWo lr~m~m§À`m Jwé~§Yy§H$Sy>Z ""Vy lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Om !'' Agm
g„m {_imcm. n{hë`m ^oQ>rVM Vmo lr~m~m§Mr ^ì` d VoO:nwO § _yVu nmhÿZ Ë`m§À`mH$S>o
AmH${f©V Pmcm. Xe©ZmgmR>r Jocm H$s VoWo ~gyZ H$Yr nm` Monm`Mo, Ho$a H$mT>m`Mm,
A§Wê$U ZrQ> H$am`Mo Aer godm H$arV Ago. _J lr~m~m Ë`mcm {dMmarV ""H$m` ao,
_Ý`m, H$m` hdo Vwcm ?'' _J Vmo H$Yr Ho$ir nm{hOoV dm IOya nm{hOo Ago CÎma XoV
Ago. Vm~S>Vmo~ lr~m~m JmXrImcr hmV KmcyZ n¡go H$mTy>Z XoV. hm Zoh_rMm H«$_
hmoD$Z ~gcm hmoVm. EH$ {Xdg Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV e§H$m Amcr H$s lr~m~m§À`m A§WéUmImcr
Zoh_r n¡go H$go AgVmV ? AmnU JmXr PQ>Hy$Z ZrQ> H$aVmo, nwÝhm A§WaVmo Ë`m doir n¡go
{XgV ZmhrV. EH$ XmoZ doim Ë`mZo {dMmaco Va lr~m~m åhUmco, ""CerImcyZ H$mTy>Z
{Xco.'' EH$Xm Ë`mZo g§nyU© A§Wê$U gm\$gy\$ H$ê$Z, AJXr JmXrImcÀ`m gVa§OrgH$Q>
PQ>H$y Z, nwÝhm KmVco. lr~m~m `oD$Z JmXrda ~gco Voìhm _ZmohaZo _wÔm_M åhQ>c,o
""AmO _cm Ho$ir nm{hOoV.'' lr~m~m§Zr JmXrÀ`m Imcr hmV KmVcm d EH$ ZmUo
Ë`mcm H$mTy>Z {Xco. _ZmohaZo AJmoXaM JmXrImcr n¡go Zgë`mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoVcr
hmoVr. VarnU lr~m~m§Zr n¡go H$moRy>Z {Xco, `mMo Ë`mcm Amü`© dmQ>co. lr~m~m§Zm Vgo
{dMmaë`mda Vo åhUmco, ""Aao, Zoh_r _r Vwcm n¡go XoVmo Zmhr H$m ?'' _Zmoha _ZmV
H$m` Vo g_Ocm.
gQ²>Q>çm_Yrc ZwH$gmZrMo Zâ`mV n[adV©Z
Ë`mÀ`m _m_m§Zr, lr.dmgwXdo H¥$îUmOr {c_`o `m§Zr gm§Jcr `oWrc dm`Xo ~mOmamV
gÅ>m Ho$cm Am{U Ë`mV OdiOdi drg hOma én`m§Mr R>mHo $a Im„r. `mVyZ ~mhoa
nS>m`cm Hw$UmVar gËnwéfmMo nm` Yaë`m{edm` JË`§Va Zmhr, Agm {dMma H$ê$Z Vo
lr._Zmoha OmoJ `m§À`m~amo~a lr~m~m§H$S>o Amco. _Zmohacm lr~m~m ào_mZo _Ý`m gw^oXma
åhUV AgV. Ë`m XmoKm§Zr ImocrV nmD$c R>do VmM lr~m~m _moR>çmZo åhUmco, ""_Ý`m
gw^Xo ma, cmoH$ AS>MUrV gmnS>co H$s Ë`m§Zm Am_Mr AmR>dU hmoV.o _J Hw$Umcm Var
~amo~a KoD$Z `oVmV Am_À`mH$S>o.''
lr~m~m§À`m A§Vkm©ZmMr, nm` R>do VmM à{MVr Amcocr nmhÿZ, lr.{c_`o `m§Zr
Amncr gd© n[apñWVr lr~m~m§Zm {ZdoXZ Ho$cr. ""_cm Hw$R>o ì`mnmamVc§ H$m` H$iVo`?
_r H$YrM H$gcm ì`mnma Ho$cm Zmhr. Var nU _hmamOm§Mr BÀN>m Agë`mg `mVyZhr
_mJ© gmnS>oc. Vwåhr _R>mV OmD$Z `m.'' lr~m~m§À`m gm§JÊ`mdê$Z XmoKo _m_m-^mMo

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 113

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m g_mYrMo Xe©Z KoD$Z, Ë`mM amÌr gm§Jcrcm Joc.o lr~m~m§À`m
AmœmgZmMm Ë`m§Zm VoWo Agm AX²^Vw nS>Vmim Amcm H$s Ad¿`m nmD$U _{hÝ`mV
gQ²>Q>çmVrc nyduMo drg hOmam§Mo ZwH$gmZ ^ê$Z `oD$Z, da AR>am hOma én`o Ë`m§Zr
\$m`Xm H$_{dcm. gm§JcrhÿZ Amë`mZ§Va XmoKO o U lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joco AgVm
lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Agco n¡emer IoiUo Amnë`mcm PonUmao Zìho, nwÝhm `m ^mZJS>rV
nSy> ZH$m. _mPo Z EoH$Vm gÅ>m H$amc Va n[aUm_ ^`§H$a hmoVrc !''
XwXd£ mZo Z§Va VrZM _{hÝ`m§Zr lr.{c_`o lr~m~m§Mr Amkm _moS>yZ nwÝhm gm§Jcrcm
OmD$Z gÅ>m Ioico. Ë`mV EdT>r O~aXñV R>moH$a Im„r H$s Vo nyU©V: H$moc_S>co,
Am{W©H$ hcmIrMm _|Xyda n[aUm_ hmoD$Z OdiOdi doS>oM Pmco. nU lr~m~m§Mo
ñ_aU {Q>H$dyZ Yaë`m_wio Vemhr AdñWoV Ë`m§Zm gmVmam `oWo BÝí`waÝg H§$nZrV ZmoH$ar
cmJcr d nwT>o hiyhiy n[apñWVr gwYmacr. na§Vw doS> _mÌ _aon`ªV am{hco.
gwà{gÕ Jm`H$ n§.{dZm`H$~wdm nQ>dY©Z `m§Mo {Ma§Ord lr.Zmam`Uamd d M§Xc w mc
ehm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Zoh_r `oV AgV. lr.Zmam`Uamd nQ>dY©Z `m§Zm ZmoH$ar
ZìhVr. Ë`m_wio Vo C{Û¾ hmoV.o EH$Xm Vo Xe©ZmgmR>r Amco AgVmZm lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm
åhUmco, ""Zm{eH$cm Om`cm nm{hOo. {VWo Vw_À`m d{S>cm§À`m JwéM § m (n§.{dîUw~dw m
ncwgH$a) V§~moam Amho. Ë`mMo Xe©Z KoD$Z `m.'' lr.Zmam`Uamdm§Mr lr~m~m§da lÕm
Agë`mH$maUmZo gm§{JVë`mà_mUo Zm{eH$cm Vo Ë`m V§~moè`mMo Xe©Z ¿`m`cm Joc.o
Ë`mM doir {VWoM Ë`m§Zm EH$ J¥hñW ^oQ>co d ~mocVm~mocVm Ë`m§Zr Zmam`Uamdm§Mr
Mm¡H$er Ho$cr. ""Amåhr H$m°cO o gmR>r g§JrV {df` {eH$dy eHo$c Aem àmÜ`mnH$mÀ`m
emoYmV AmhmoV. Voìhm Vw_Mr V`mar Agë`mg gm§Jm !'' Ago lr.Zmam`Uamdm§Zm Ë`m§Zr
{dMmaco. lr.Zmam`Uamd `m§Mm hmoH$ma `oVmM Ë`m§Mr cJoM Zm{eH$ `oWo H$m°coOmV
Zo_UyH$XoIrc Pmcr. lr~m~m§À`m `m AVŠ`© `moOZoZo Vo W¸$ Pmco.
g§V gËnwéfm§Mo Xe©Z KS>Ê`mMm `moJ _hX²>^m½`mZo `oVmo. Ë`m_wio Agm `moJ `oVmM,
Amig Z H$aVm dm _ZmV {H$pë_f Z AmUVm, VmËH$mi {_imcoë`m g§YrMm cm^
¿`mdm. na§Vw H$mhr ì`º$s Aem AgVmV H$s, Ë`m§Mo Amá d ñZohr Ë`m§Zm gËnwéfm§À`m
Xe©ZmgmR>r ZoÊ`mg CËgwH$ AgVmV, nU hr _§S>ir _mÌ AmT>odoT>o KoD$Z Iè`m
H$ë`mUmH$S>o nmR> {\$ady BpÀN>VmV.
nwÊ`mVrc lr.har JUoe _moS>H$ `m§Zm Ë`m§Mo ñZohr d lr~m~m§Mo {eî` lr.OmoJioH$a,
Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o, lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmcm Mcm åhUyZ Zoh_r AmJ«h H$arV
AgV. na§Vw lr._moS>H$ `m§Mr OmÊ`mMr BÀN>m ZìhVr. H$maU OJmV Iao gËnwéf ho \$ma

114 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Xw{_©i Agë`mZo CJrM \$gJV hmoÊ`mnojm, Z Jocc o o ~ao Aem {dMmamZo Vo Q>mimQ>mi
H$arV AgV. nyd©gwH¥$Vm_wio EH$ {Xdg lr.OmoJioH$am§Zr ~ioM Amnë`m~amo~a,
lr._moS>H$ `m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Zoc.o lr~m~m§À`m àW_ ^oQ>rVM Ë`m§Mr VoO:nwO §
H$m§Vr d àgÞ _wÐm nmhÿZ Vo à^m{dV Pmco. lr~m~m§À`m Mohè`mH$S>o ZOa OmVmM
Ë`m§À`m d{S>cm§Mm Moham Ë`m {R>H$mUr {Xgy cmJcm d Vo ^m§~mdë`mgmaIo Pmco.
lr~m~m§À`m MaUr _ñVH$ R>do Zy _mZ da H$aVmV VmoM lr~m~m EH$X_ CX²Jmaco, ""Aao,
Jwé ho d{S>cm§gmaIo AgVmV, R>mD$H$ Amho H$m ?'' `m n{hë`mM AZw^dmZo lr~m~m Iao
gËnwéf AgVrc H$m, hm Ë`m§À`m _ZmVrc qH$Vy Zmhrgm Pmcm.
Xwgao doir Vo EH$Q>oM lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joco. _Ü`§Var nwÊ`m~mhoa dmñVì`
Agë`m_wio gw_mao EH$ df© Vo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg OmD$ eH$co ZmhrV. `m ^oQ>rV
lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm nmhÿZ åhUmco, ""Jm§Om, A\y$Mm dmg Hw$Ry>Z `oVmo` ? Vwåhr _hmamOm§Zm
EH$Xm Z¡dÚ o XmIdm åhUOo Amåhr V§ÐrV amhÿ.'' AÝ` ^º$ ~mOycm ~gcoco hmoV.o na§Vw
Ë`m§Zm `m eãXm§dê$Z H$gcmM AW©~moY Pmcm Zmhr. lr._moS>H$ _ZmV g_OyZ Joco H$s
Amnë`m ~§YZ§y r ZwH$VrM, gaH$mar {ccmdmV, ZJa {OëømVrc A\y$Mr XwH$mZo {dH$V
KoVcr Ë`mcm AZwcjyZ lr~m~m§Mo ho CX²Jma AmhoV. XwH$mZo IaoXr H$aVmZm Ë`m§À`m
~§YZ§y r Vr XwH$mZo lr._moS>H$ `m§À`m Zmdmda KoVcr hmoVr.
lr~m~m§À`m A§V:gm{jËdmMr à{MVr lr._moS>H$ `m§Zm ~aoM doim AZw^dÊ`mg
{_imcr. Ë`m§À`m _ZmV KmoiUmè`m {dMmam§er g§~{§ YV Ago EImXo dmŠ` AH$pënVarË`m
lr~m~m§À`m _wImVyZ EoH$md`mg {_io. Ë`m doiÀ`m amOH$s` _VàdmhmÀ`m n[aUm_mZo,
lr._moS>H$ _ZmV {dMma H$arV AgV H$s, OJmVrc Xm[aÐç, Xw:I, X¡Ý` `m A{Zï>
Jmoï>r Oa gËnwéfm§Zr _Zmda KoVco Va Ho$ìhmM Zï> hmoD$ eH$Vrc. nU hr _§S>ir Vgo
H$mhr H$aVmZm {XgV ZmhrV. _J `m§Mm OJmcm H$m` Cn`moJ Amho ? Aem {dMmagaUrÀ`m
àdmhmV lr._moS>H$ `m§Mo _Z hocH$mdo ImV AgVm Vo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Amco. Vo
Z_ñH$ma H$aVmV VmoM, lr~m~m åhUmco, ""am_mcm Á`mZo `m OJmV AmUco Ë`mZoM
amdUmcmgwÕm AmUco, ho cjmV R>do co H$s Pmc§ !''
amOH$s` ZoË`m§À`m `mo½`m`mo½`Vo~Ôc Ë`m§À`m _ZmV {dMma Mmccm AgVmZm lr~m~m
åhUmco, ""nwT>mar åhUdyZ KoUmao nwîH$i AmhoV; nU Á`mZo H$m_-H«$moYmXr fS²>[any qOH$co
VmoM XoemMm Iam nwT>mar.''
lr._moS>H$ {edUH$m_mMm ì`dgm` H$arV AgV. EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zr, ""H$moQ> KÅ>
hmoVmo` Vmo g¡c H$ê$Z AmU !'' Ago gm§{JVco. _moS>H$m§Zr Q>no H$mT>cm d nmoQ>mMo _mn KoD$

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 115

cmJco. Vmo lr~m~m§Zr nmoQ> EdT>o \w$J{dco, H$s Q>on Anwar nS>cr. _moS>H$ Jm|Yicoco
nmhÿZ lr~m~m åhUmco, ""H$m` ao Vwcm ~«÷m§S>mMo _mn KoVm `oVo H$m` ?''
Q>dmiImoa qeß`mMr \${OVr
AgmM EH$ AZw^d Xwgè`m EH$m àg§Jr nmhmd`mg {_imcm. lr~m~m amhmV
Agcoë`m Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o, Vi_Oë`mda EH$ {edUH$m_ H$aUmam Bg_ amhmV
Ago. Vmo `oVmOmVm lr~m~m§Zm "T>oanmoQ>çm' åhUyZ Q>dmir H$am`Mm. lr~m~m H$YrM
Ë`mÀ`m Moï>oH$S>o cj XoV ZgV. na§Vw Ë`m§Mo EH$ {eî` ~miH¥$îU XmVma `m§Zm ho EoHy$Z
MrS> `m`Mr. XmVma A{ddm{hV d {dZmnme Agë`mZo ~hþVHo $ doi lr~m~m§À`m godVo M
AgV. Ë`m§Zr EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§Zm {ZjyZ gm§{JVco H$s, EH$ Va AmnU Var `m
_mUgmMm ~§Xmo~ñV H$am, ZmhrVa _r Ë`mcm ~KyZ KoVmo. lr~m~m§Zr ""OmD$ Xo ao, AmnU
Agë`m cmoH$m§H$S>o cj Úm`Mo ZgVo !'' Ago åhUyZ Ë`m§Mr g_OyV KmcÊ`mMm à`ËZ
Ho$cm. na§Vw XmVmam§Zm ñdñW amhmdoZm. EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m Hw$Moï>m H$aUmè`m
qeß`mcmM Amnë`m H$moQ>mMo _mn KoÊ`mgmR>r Kar ~mocm{dco. lr.XmVma qeß`mcm KoD$Z
Amco. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m qeß`mcm {dMmaco, ""H$m` ao, _mPm H$moQ> {ederc H$m ?''
qenr WmoS>çmem CÕQ>nUo åhUmcm ""_mPm Y§XmM H$nS>o {edÊ`mMm Amho, Voìhm {ederc
H$m åhUyZ H$m` {dMmaVm` ?'' ""R>rH$ Amho. _J Ko ~Ky _mn !'' Ago åhUyZ lr~m~m
Ë`mÀ`m g_moa C^o am{hco. hmVmMr, Jù`mMr, Im§ÚmMr _mno KoVcr Am{U N>mVr^modVr
Q>no Yacr. Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr N>mVr EdT>r \w$Jdcr H$s _moOVmZm Ë`m qeß`mMr Q>no Anwar
nS>cr. Vmo åhUy cmJcm, ""AmVm nmoQ>mMo _mn ¿`m`Mo Amho nU Vwåhr nmoQ> WmoS>o ~marH$
H$am.'' lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Aao ~marH$ H$go H$ê$ ? `mV Va {dœ gm_mdcoco Amho !''
Ago åhUyZ Vo Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o nmhÿZ Imo Imo hgy cmJco.
Ë`m C_©Q> d Q>dmiImoa qeß`mcm Vo nmhÿZ Km_ \w$Q>cm Am{U lr~m~m§À`m MaUm§da
Ë`mZo cmoiU KoVco d AnamYmMr j_m _m{JVcr. Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ Ë`mMo qQ>Jc-
Q>dmir H$aUo Va Wm§~coM nU CcQ>, Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV lr~m~m§{df`r ^rVr`wº$ AmXa
{Z_m©U nmdcm. Aem VèhoZo lr.XmVma `m§À`m _ZmgmaIo KSy>Z Amco.
amUrgmho~m§Mr H$gmoQ>r
EH$Xm lr.XmVmam§Zm ~mhoaMr Imocr eoUmZo, XmQ> gmadyZ ¿`m`cm lr~m~m§Zr
gm§{JVcr. Ë`m§Zr Vr ì`dpñWV eoUIim V`ma H$ê$Z gmadyZ H$mT>cr. na§Vw Z§Va Vr

116 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

dmim`cm doi cmJco Ago nmhÿZ Vo lr~m~m§Zm åhUmco, ""~m~m AmVm O_rZ dmion`ªV
AmnU ImocrV ~gUma H$go ?'' Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""_cm H$m` Ë`mMo, _r ~goZ
VgmM. nU AmO EH$m g§ñWmZÀ`m amUrgmho~ Xe©Zmg `oUma AmhoV. Voìhm AñdÀN>Vm
AgyZ H$go ~ao Mmcoc ?'' WmoS>çm doimZo Ë`m amUrgmho~ Amë`m. Ë`m§À`m hþOè`mZo
daVr `oD$Z amUrgmho~m§À`m AmJ_ZmMr AmJmD$ dXu {Xcr. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m hþOè`mcm
gm§{JVco H$s amUrgmho~m§Zm da nmR>dm. Ë`m da `oVmM lr~m~m§Zr gmadcoë`m Amoë`m
O{_ZrH$S>o ~moQ> H$ê$Z, Ë`m§Zm VoWo ~gm Ago åhQ>co. Ë`m§Zm Vo H$_rnUmMo dmQ>co Am{U
Ë`m VemM {ZKyZ Joë`m. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm `oVmZm, ñdV:Mm _moR>no Um {dgê$Z,
~mOycm R>do Zy `m`Mo AgVo, hr _hÎdmMr Jmoï> Ë`m§Zm OS> dmQ>cr Am{U Ë`m lr~m~m§À`m
H¥$nocm _wH$ë`m. Ë`m§Mr H$gmoQ>r nmhmÊ`mgmR>rM, Ë`m§Mm ^md nS>VmiyZ nmhmÊ`mgmR>rM,
lr~m~m§Zr XmVmam§H$Sy>Z Ë`m {Xder Imocr gmadÊ`mMm IQ>mQ>mno H$a{dcm.
JmoS>gM
| o ZmJmnmgyZ ajU
lr.JUoe e§H$a JmoS>go ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW Q>o{c\$moZ ImË`mV ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoVo.
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Vo _w§~B©hÿZ AYyZ_YyZ `oV AgV. Ë`m§Zm ImË`mV\}$ O~cnyacm
Q´>oqZJgmR>r nmR>{dÊ`mMr Am°S>©a Amcr. lr.JmoS>go Ë`m_wio H$miOrV nS>co. H$maU
EH$Xm ho Q´>oqZJ nyU© Ho$co H$s _w§~B©À`m ~mhoa Zo_UyH$ hmoÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zm YmñVr dmQ>V
hmoVr. ho H$go MwH${dVm `oBc © `m qMVoV AgVmZm, ""AmnU lr~m~m§ZmM `m~m~VrV
{dMmê$`m åhUOo Amnë`mda {ZU©` KoÊ`mMo AmoPo ZH$mo'' Aem {dMmamZo Vo nwÊ`mcm
Amco. Ë`m§Mm A§XmO MwH$cm. lr~m~m§Zm ""Q>´>oqZJcm O~cnyacm OmD$ H$m ?'' åhUyZ
{dMmaVmM Vo amJmdyZ åhUmco, ""Vwcm dmQ>c o Vo H$a. _r H$m` VwPo XoUo cmJVmo H$m`
?'' lr~m~m§Mm amoI nmhVmM,""{ZXmZ _w~§ B©cm naV `m`cm {_ioc Ag§ Var åhUm''
lr~m~m AmUIrZ amJmdco åhUmco, ""_r VwÂ`m ~mnmMo XoUo cmJV Zmhr.''
eodQ>r lr.JmoS>gZ| r _ZmZoM O~cnyacm OmÊ`mMm {ZU©` Z¸$s Ho$cm. lr~m~m§À`m
MaUm§da S>moHo$ R>odco Am{U {Zamon KoD$ cmJco Vgo lr~m~m nwÝhm àgÞ _wÐoZo åhUmco,
""~oYS>H$ O~cnyacm Om. _{hÝ`mVyZ EH$Xm VwÂ`m Hw$cXodVocm IwemcrMo nÌ {chrV
Om !'' lr.JmoS>g|Zm AmZ§X Pmcm, ""~m~m, AmnUM _mPo Hw$cX¡dV AmhmV. _r
Amnë`mcmM nÌ nmR>drZ.''
O~cnyacm EH$Xm amÌr ZD$ dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg OodU H$ê$Z lr.JmoS>go d Ë`m§Mm
ghH$mar XmoKoOU {\$amd`mg {ZKmco. dmQ>oV EH$ Zmcm cmJcm. {VWo ~moŠ`m§Mo JwaJwaUo

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 117

EoHy$Z XmoKohr W~H$co. JmoS>go§À`m hmVmV {gJmaoQ> OiV hmoVr. hmV daImcr H$aVmZm
Ë`m A§YHw $ àH$memV S>mì`m A§Jmcm XmoZ {R>U½`m§gmaIo S>mi o o M_H$coco {Xgco. JmoS>gM
| m
œmg Wm§~cm. EH$ ^`§H$a ZmJ Mm§Jcm hmV^a da \$Um H$mTy>Z Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Q>dH$mê$Z
nmhmV hmoVm. ni H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r nm` CMcm`cm OmVmV Vmo nm` OS> Pmcoc.o åhUyZ
nm`mH$S>o XmoKm§Mo cj Joco. JmoS>g|À`m H$miOmMm R>moH$m MwH$cm. H$maU Ë`m ZmJmda
nm` XoD$ZM Vo XmoKoOU BVH$m doi C^o hmoVo.
JmoS>g|Zr lr~m~m§Mm Ymdm H$ê$Z H$gm~gm VoWyZ H$mT>Vm nm` KoVcm. Vmo ZmJgwÕm
gwQ>H$m Pmë`mà_mUo ganQ>V PmS>rV {ZKyZ Jocm. ""AmO Ordmda ~oVco hmoVo nU
lr~m~m§Zr ajU Ho$co,'' Ago åhUV JmoS>go hmoñQ>ocda naV Amco.
`m àg§JmZ§Va _{hÝ`m^amZo {XdmirÀ`m gwÅ>rV nwÊ`mcm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm
lr.JmoS>go Joco. lr~m~m AmVë`m ImocrV Ë`m§À`m Zoh_rÀ`m _moR>çm cmH$S>r noQ>rda
{gÕmgZ KmcyZ ~gcoco hmoV.o lr.JmoS>gM | o nmD$c AmV nS>VmjUrM lr~m~m _moR>çmZo
AmoaS>co, ""\$ma _mO MT>cm H$m` ao Vwcm ? cmoH$m§À`m A§Jmda nm` XoD$Z C^o amhVm,
cmO Zmhr dmQ>V ? Ë`mZo Vwåhmcm H$m ~a§ Mmdy Z`o ?'' lr.JmoS>go IOrc Pmco.
lr~m~m§Mo nm` Yaco d åhUmbo, ""VwåhrM _mPo ajU Ho$co. åhUyZ {Od§V naV Amcmo.''
lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm WmonQy>Z åhUmco, ""`mnwT>o Agm {ZîH$miOrnUm H$ê$ ZH$mog.
H$mimoImV {\$aVmZm ~°Q>ar ~miJmdr. g§Vm§Zm gmaIm Ìmg XoD$ Z`o.''
lr~m~m§Zr Xoh{dgO©Z Ho$ë`mZ§VagwÕm lr~m~m g§ajU H$aVmV `mMm AZw^d lr.JmoS>gZ| m
Amcm. Ë`m§Mr _wcJr IoiVmZm {OÝ`mdê$Z 25-30 \y$Q> Imcr nS>cr. XmoÝhr _m§S>çm§Mr
hmS>o _moS>cr. S>mŠo `mcm _ma cmJcm. Ho$.B©.E_. hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o {Vcm XmIc Ho$co. CnMma
Ho$co. Ë`mMm Cn`moJ hmoD$Z Vr H$moUVohr ì`§J Z amhVm nyUV© : ~ar Pmcr.
Kar Amë`mda Ë`m _wcrZo gm§{JVco, ""hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o AgVmZm amoO EH$ ~m~m
ZmdmMo d¥Õ J¥hñW _mÂ`mOdi `oD$Z ~gV AgV. _mÂ`m A§Jmdê$Z, nm`mdê$Z hmV
{\$adrV AgV Am{U Km~ê$ ZH$mog. Vy ~ar hmoerc; Agm Yra XoD$Z naV OmV AgV.''
lr.JmoS>go dm Ë`m§À`m Hw$Qw>~§ mcm Ë`m ì`º$sMo Xe©Z EH$Xmhr Pmco Zmhr. nU Vo lr~m~mM
hmoVo `mMr Ë`m§Zm ImÌr nQ>cr.
""l_ H$ê$Z {_iUmam n¡gm Amncm''
n¡gm {_imdm `m hì`mgmnm`r lr.`ed§Vßnm Am§~Ho $a `m lr~m~m§À`m EH$m ^º$mMo
_Z AJXr g¡a^¡a Pmco hmoV.o lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVcoë`m CnmgZoH$S>ho r Ë`m§Mo cj cmJoZm.

118 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

EH$Xm Var Amnë`mcm ^anya n¡go {_imdoV `m {dMmamV Ë`m§Zm Xwgao H$mhr gwMZo mgo
Pmco.
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Mo ho doS> nmhÿZ Xa _{hÝ`mcm EH$ ñdV:gmR>r d EH$ Am§~Ho $am§gmR>r
àË`oH$s nmM AmÊ`mMr XmoZ cm°Q>arMr {V{H$Q>o ¿`m`cm gwédmV Ho$cr. _{hÝ`mVyZ EH$Xm
{ZH$mcmÀ`m {Xder Am§~Ho $am§Zm Odi ~gdyZ {V{H$Q>mM § o Z§~a nmhmÊ`mMm H$m`©H$« _
Mmco. lr~m~m àË`oH$ doir CËgmhmZo Z§~a emoYm`cm gm§JV AgV. lr.Am§~Ho $am§nj o m
`m§ZmM cm°Q>arV OmñV ag Amho H$s H$m` AgoM nmhmUmè`mcm dmQ>mdo. lr.Am§~Ho $a
EH$hr ~jrg cmJV Zmhr Ago nmhÿZ lr~m~m§Zm åhUmco, ""~m~m, Amnë`mgmaIm Jwé
AgVmZm EH$hr ~jrg cmJV Zmhr åhUOo H$m` ?'' lr~m~m§Zr em§VnUo gm§{JVco,
""l_ H$ê$Z {_iUmam n¡gm Amncm. Agcm \w$H$Q>Mm n¡gm Amnë`m Z{e~mV Zmhr.''
lr~m~m§Zr cm°Q>arMr {V{H$Q>o IarXUo ~§X Ho$co Am{U Ë`mM~amo~a lr.Am§~Ho $a `m§Mo
EH$X_ K~mS> {_i{dÊ`mMo doS>hr Joc.o
lr.Am§~Ho $am§Mr Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr AË`§V {~H$Q> hmoVr. ZmoH$è`m {_iV ZìhË`m.
gd©Ì _§Xr hmoVr. nwT>o {eH$mdo Va KaMr n[apñWVr à{VHy$c hmoVr. Vo lr~m~m§Zm åhUV,
""H$mhr Var H$ê$Z _mPr hr AdñWm ~Xcm.'' lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm gm§Jm`Mo, ""_mPrhr
n[apñWVr VwÂ`mà_mUoM Amho. _cm Va H$O©gÕ w m Amho.'' Varhr lr.Am§~Ho $am§Mm cH$S>m
MmcyM Ago. EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m åhUmco, ""AmnU EImÚm H$moQ>çYremcm Amncr
n[apñWVr H$idy`m Am{U Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z n¡go _mJdy`m.''
_J Aem lr_§V ì`º$s¨Mo nÎmo {_i{dÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ Pmco. 5-6 ZdH$moQ> Zmam`Um§Mo
nÎmo gmnS>c.o Ë`m gdmªZm lr~m~m§Zr, ñdV:Mr d lr.Am§~Ho $am§Mr gd© h{H$H$V {chÿZ
{H$_mZ EH$ cmI én`m§n`ªV _XV H$amdr Aem {dZ§VrMr nÌo admZm Ho$cr. Ogo cm°Q>ar
{ZH$mc nmhmÊ`mgmR>r lr.Am§~Ho $am§Zm Vo doR>rcm YarV Ë`mMà_mUo amoO "nÌmMo CÎma
Amco H$m ?' åhUyZ lr~m~m Am§~Ho $am§Mm {nÀN>m nwadrV AgV. _{hZm XrS> _{hZm
CÎmamMr dmQ> nmhmÊ`mV Kmc{dë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zr Am§~Ho $am§Zm Ë`m nÎ`m§dê$Z Vnmg
H$ê$Z H$mhr _m{hVr {_iVo H$m åhUyZ nmhm`cm gm§{JVco. Ë`mda H$ico H$s Á`m§Zm nÌo
nmR>{dcr Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s Mma OU h`mV ZmhrV Am{U EH$mZo CÎma {XcoM Zmhr. Xwgè`mZo
""Amåhr \$º$ g§ñWm§Zm _XV H$aVmo,'' Ago åhUyZ dmQ>mÊ`mÀ`m AjVm cmdë`m.
lr~m~m åhUmco, ""åhUOo Amnë`mcm `m§À`mH$Sy>Zhr n¡go {_iÊ`mMm `moJ {XgV
Zmhr.'' nwT>o lr.Am§~Ho $am§À`m S>mŠo `mVyZ ho doS> Joc.o \w$H$Q>À`m n¡emMm _moh ~miJy Z`o
hr Jmoï>, `m XmoZ àg§JmVyZ lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m _Zmda Mm§Jcr q~~{dcr.

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 119

 EH$m a{ddmar lr.Am§~Ho $a Am{U Ë`m§Mm {_Ì lr.e§H$a XodYa lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm
Joco hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr, ""C§Xra PmcoV nwîH$i. Vwåhr hr gJir {~io ~wOdyZ Q>mH$m
nmhÿ!'' Aer Amkm Ho$cr. H$nS>o narQ>KS>rMo hmoVo. Iam~ hmoVrc `m ^rVrZo XmoKm§Zr
WmoS>o Ai§Q>i§ H$ê$Z nm{hco. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr C§Xra \$ma Ìmg XoVmV, Voìhm AmÎmmÀ`m
AmÎmm {~io ~wOdm, åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm H$m_mcm Own§ co. lr~m~m AmVë`m ImocrV ~gyZ
am{hco. Vmon`ªV `m XmoKm§Zr ~mhoaMr Imocr ñdÀN> Ho$cr. _mVr AmUyZ {~io ì`dpñWV
qcncr. gm_mZ nydd© V aMyZ R>do co. lr~m~m _J ~mhoa JmXrda `oD$Z ~gco, ""Pmcr
H$m Imocr gm\$ ?'' Voìhm XmoKm§Zrhr hmoH$ma {Xcm. _J lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm EH$ H$mQ>H$s
{Xcr Am{U åhUmco, AmVm Ë`m {~imV hdm OmÊ`mgmR>r ~marH$ ~marH$ {N>Ðo nmSy>Z
R>odm.''
Am§~Ho $a åhUmco, ""^moH$§ nmS>m`Mr hmoVr Va Vr qcnm`bm Var H$emcm cmdcrV?''
lr~m~m§Zr J§^ra Moham H$ê$Z gm§{JVco.""C§Xra {~imV JwX_ê$Z _aVrc Zm ! Ìmg
{Xcm åhUyZ H$m` Pmco ? C§Xra OJm`cm Va nm{hOoV ?'' lr~m~m§À`m `m OJmdoJù`m
VÎdkmZmZo Ë`m XmoKm§Zmhr ~wMH$ù`mV nS>ë`mà_mUo Pmco.
ZmJmÀ`m ñdê$nmV Xe©Z
lr.^mcM§Ð ZmJoe WÎmo ZmdmMo EH$ lr~m~m§Mo ^º$ amÌrÀ`m doir ZdZmW H$Wmgma
dmMrV AgV. Ë`m§Zm H$moUrVar gm§{JVco hmoVo H$s amÌr Aem àH$maMo nmam`U Ho$co
AgVm ZmZm àH$maMr ^rVrXm`H$ qH$dm ^oS>gmdUmar Ñí`o {XgVmV. VarXoIrc Ë`m§Zr
hÅ>mZo Amnco AZwð>mZ Mmcy R>odco. XmoZ nmam`Uo nma nS>ë`mZ§Va {Vgè`m nmam`UmÀ`m
doir _Ü`amÌrMr doi AgVmZm, EH$ {dcjU KQ>Zm KS>cr.
amÌrMo ~mam dmOyZ Joco hmoV.o KamV EH$mEH$s M§XZmMm An[a{_V gwJY§ gwQ>cm.
lr.WÎmo `m§Mo dmMZmVrc cj H$mhrgo {dMcrV Pmco. BVŠ`mV H$mZmda eãX Amco,
""Aao, _mJo diyZ nmhm.'' àW_ Ë`m§Zr Xwc©j Ho$co. nU nwÝhm ""_mJo diyZ nmhm Va
Iao'' Ago eãX H$mZr `oVmM Ë`m§Zr diyZ nm{hco Va Ë`m§Zm ^`^rV H$aUmao AgoM Vo
Ñí` hmoV.o Ë`m§Mm _wcJm _mJo A§WéUmda JmT> Pmoncm hmoVm Am{U Ë`mÀ`m~mOycm EH$
nmM \$S>çmMm gmYmaU EH$ \y$Q> OmS>rMm nm§T>am ew^« ZmJamO, doQ>moio KmcyZ ~gcm
hmoVm. ho nmhmVmM lr.WÎmo `m§À`m A§Jmcm H$mnao ^aco, ^rVrZo XaXê$Z Km_ \w$Q>cm.
~gë`m OmJrM lr~m~m§Mo ñ_aU H$ê$Z g_moaÀ`m CX~ÎmrMm A§Jmam Ë`m§À`m Zmdo
H$nmimcm cmdcm d nwÝhm _mJo diyZ Z nmhmVm nmoWr dmMÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr. dmMZ

120 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

nyU© Pmco, Ë`m doir Vmo ZmJ AÑí` Pmcm hmoVm. na§Vw M§XZmMm gwdmg ImocrV VgmM
hmoVm.
Xwgè`m {Xder Vo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joc.o VËjUr lr~m~m åhUmco, ""H$m` ao
Ym|S>çm ? amÌr H$m` J§_V Pmcr ? Am{U EdT>o Km~am`cm H$m` Pmco hmoVo ? AmåhrM
Va VoWo hmoVmo !'' lr.WÎmo `m§Zr _mZ S>mc
o dyZ lr~m~m§Zm cmoQ>mJ§ U KmVco. Ë`m amÌr KamV
gwQ>cco m M§XZmMm gwdmg nwT>o VrZ {Xdg gVV XadiV hmoVm.
AeŠ` dmQ>Umao à_moeZ {_idyZ {Xco
lr.~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` d Ë`m§À`m _R>mMo {dœñV lr.AÊUmgmho~ Jwáo `m§À`m
Kar EH$m gm`§H$mir H$sV©Z hmoV.o H$sV©Z AmQ>mno Ê`mg ~amM Cera Pmcm. amÌ ~arM
hmoD$Z ~gog ~§X Pmë`m hmoË`m. lr.Jwáo `m§Mm ^mMm lr._hmXod {edam_ gmoZmiH$a
H$sV©ZmgmR>r Wm§~cm hmoVm. lr.gmoZmiH$a aoëdo ŠdmQ>g© Ü© `o amhmV AgV. Vo nm`r OmUma
Ago nmhÿZ lr.Jwáo åhUmco, ""Amåhr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV OmUma AmhmoV,
Voìhm _mÂ`m _moQ>marVyZM Vwcmhr Kar gmoS>rZ.'' Ë`mà_mUo Vo XmoKo d lr.JwáM | m _wcJm,
Ago {VKo àW_ _R>mV d {VWyZ Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Joc.o
XadmOmV nmohmoMVmM lr~m~m§Zr {dMmaco, ""~amo~a AmUIr H$moU Amho ?''
lr.JwáZ| r gm§{JVco H$s, ""_mPm ^mMm Amcm Amho.'' lr~m~m åhUmco, ""N>mZ ! AmO
^oQ>rMm `moJ Amcm.''
AmV Joë`mZ§Va Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z _§S>ir Imcr ~gcr. lr~m~m§Zr gmoZmiH$am§Zm
Ë`m§ M o Zmd nÎmm {dMmê$Z, dhrV {Q> n y Z Ko V co . lr.Jw á o `m§ Z r ""hm ao ë do V
Permanent Way Inspector À`m hþÔçmda Amho,'' Aer _m{hVr {Xcr. Ë`mda
lr~m~m§Zr ""Ë`mÀ`m daMm hþÔm H$moUVm AgVmo ?'' Aer {dMmaUm Ho$cr. lr.gmoZmiH$a
åhUmco, ""AmVm _r gdm}ÀM doVZloUrcm nmohmoMcocm Agë`mZo `mÀ`mnwT>o à_moeZ
{_iÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Zmhr.'' Varhr nwÝhm lr~m~m§Zr {dMmaco, ""ømÀ`m daMr OmJm
H$moUVr AgVo Vo gm§Jm.'' Voìhm ""ao{gS>Q| > B§{O{Z`aMr J«So > AgVo. Vr J°PQo >So > nmoñQ>
Amho,'' Ago lr.gmoZmiH$am§Zr gm§{JVco. lr~m~m§Zr AmUIr H$mhr Z {dMmaVm, Amnë`m
MmonS>rV Ë`m§À`m ZmdmnwT>o "ao{gS>Q| > B§{O{Z`a' Ago {chÿZ R>do co. lr~m~m§À`m nwT>çmVM
lr.Jwáo gmoZmiH$am§Zm åhUmco, ""~m~m§Zr AmO Vwcm ao{gS>Q| > B§{O{Z`a Ho$c§ ~a§ H$m !''
gmoZmiH$a JßnM am{hco. WmoS>çm doimZo lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Xa_hm VrZ én`o nmR>{dÊ`mMr
Amkm Ho$cr. Z§Va JmXrImcyZ àgmX H$mTy>Z hmVmda R>do cm d gd©OU ~mhoa nS>c.o

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 121

 `m àg§JmZ§Va nmM dfmªZr 1953 gmcr AZno{jVarË`m Ë`m ImË`mVrc ì`º$s¨Mr
à_moeZH$[aVm `mXr V`ma H$aÊ`mV `oD$Z aoëdoÀ`m {ZdS>g{_VrnwT>o {dMmamgmR>r R>do Ê`mV
Amcr. Ë`m gdmªÀ`m nmÌVo{df`r gd© Ñï>rZo {dMma H$ê$Z g{_VrZo Ë`m§À`mVyZ AH$am
OUm§Mr {ZdS> Ho$cr, Ë`m_Ü`o lr.gmoZmiH$a `m§Mm H«$_m§H$ n{hcm hmoVm. Aem VèhoZo
lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m MmonS>rV AmJ«hmZo Ë`m§À`m Zmdmg_moa Omo ao{gS>|Q> B§{O{Z`aMm hþÔm
{c{hcm hmoVm, Vmo àË`jmV gmoZmiH$am§Zm àmá Pmcm. Ë`m§À`m ñdßZmV XoIrc Oo
KS>c o Ago dmQ>V ZìhVo Vo lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo gË`mV Amco. eodQ>À`m jUrgwÕm à_moeZ
Ë`m§Zm hþcH$mdUr XoÊ`mÀ`m ~oVmV hmoVo. H$maU d¡ÚH$s` VnmgUrV lr.gmoZmiH$a
`m§Mm aº$Xm~ A{YH$ AmT>icm. lr.gmoZmiH$a `m§Zr {dZ§Vr Ho$ë`mdê$Z S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr
AÜ`m© VmgmZ§Va nwÝhm VnmgUr H$aÊ`mMo _mÝ` Ho$co. Ë`m AÜ`m© VmgmV lr.gmoZmiH$am§Zr
lr~m~m§Zm gmH$S>o KmcyZM, Vm|S>mZo Zm_ñ_aU Mmcy R>odco. gw_mao AÜ`m© VmgmZ§Va
S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr nwÝhm aº$Xm~ Vnmgcm AgVm Vmo {ZamoJr _Zwî`mBVH$mM åhUOo gd©gmYmaU
Agë`mMo {XgyZ Amco. Aem VèhoZo ho g§H$Q>gwÕm lr~m~m§Mo H¥$noZo Q>ico.
{eî`mMr nV amIcr
lr.Zm.lr.nmR>H$ ZmdmMo lr JOmZZ _hmamO Jwáo `m§Mo EH$ {eî` AYyZ_YyZ
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oV AgV. EH$Xm lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""Vwåhr n§T>anyacm
OmD$Z `m. VoWo _wº$m~mBªÀ`m _R>mV amZS>o (lr~m~m§Mo {eî`) amhVmV Ë`m§À`mH$S>o CVam
Am{U Ë`m§Zm gm§Jm, _r Vwåhmcm Oodm`cm Kmcm`cm gm§{JVco Amho åhUyZ !'' lr.nmR>H$
Ë`mà_mUo n§T>anyacm lr.amZS>o `m§À`mH$S>o Joco. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm nmR>{dco Amho ho
H$iVmM, amZS>çm§Zr Ë`m§Zm M§Ð^mJoV ñZmZ H$adyZ AmUco, lr{dÇ>c aIw_mB©Mo Xe©Z
KS>{dco. Z§Va Kar naV Amë`mda lr~m~m§Mm, ^moOZ KmcÊ`m{df`rMm {Zamon lr.nmR>H$
`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVcm. lr.amZS>o `m§Zm g§H$moM dmQ>cm, H$maU Ë`m {Xder Ë`m§À`mH$S>o
\$º$ {eir ^mH$ar d XyY EdT>§M {e„H$ hmoVo. lr.amZS>o `m§Zr ""ho EdT>§M Vwåhmcm
Mmcoc H$m ?'' åhUyZ {dMmaco. nmR>H$m§Zr hmoH$ma {Xcm. na§Vw amZS>o `m§Zm _ZmVyZ
\$maM Amoemië`mgmaIo dmQy> cmJco. gX²>Jéw Z§ r Amnë`mH$S>o nmR>{dcoë`m ì`º$scm
AmnU XmoZ Mm§Jco nXmW© XoD$ eH$V Zmhr `mMr Q>mM o Ur _Zmcm cmJyZ am{hcr. lr.nmR>H$
`m§Mo nmZ dmT>co d Oodmd`mg gwédmV H$aUma BVŠ`mV EH$ J¥hñW lr.amZS>o `m§Mr
Mm¡H$er H$arV XadmOmV Amcm d åhUmcm, ""amZS>o `mM {R>H$mUr amhmVmV Zm ?
Ë`m§Mm _wcJm gmocmnyacm amhmVmo, Ë`mZo AmnUmg XoÊ`mgmR>r hm S>~m _mÂ`mOdi

122 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

{Xcm Amho.'' lr.amZS>o S>~m CKSy>Z nmhmVmV Vmo AmV CÎm_ nwaUnmoù`m d BVa H$mhr
nXmW© hmoVo.
lr.nmR>H$ `m§Mo ì`dpñWVnUo ^moOZ Pmco. lr.amZS>Z| m gX²>Jéw Z§ rM AmO Amncr
cmO amIcr `m {dMmamZo YÝ` dmQ>c.o
lr.J§Jmam_ grVmam_ nmQ>rc ho gZ 1950 nmgyZ lr~m~m§H$S>o Xe©ZmgmR>r OmV
AgV. Ë`m§Mr AmB© ~mcnUrM H$mcde Pmcr Agë`mZo d gmdÌ AmB©Zo Ho$coë`m
N>im_wi,o Ë`m§Mr _mZ{gH$ pñWVr Ag§V{w cV Pmcr hmoVr. na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m n{hë`m
Xe©ZmVM _Z EH$X_ em§V Pmë`mMm AZw^d Amcm Am{U VoìhmnmgyZ Vo {Z`{_V
lr~m~m§H$S>o OmD$ cmJco.
EH$m e{Zdmar lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Vo Joco AgVmZm Ë`m§Zm _mJÀ`m ImocrV
C§Xam§Mr {~io \$ma Pmcr AmhoV. Vr dmiy {g_|Q> ^ê$Z ~wOdyZ Q>mH$m Aer Amkm
Pmcr. Ë`m§Zr aoVr-{g_|Q> AmUyZ hmVmZoM {~io qcnm`cm KoVcr. {VVŠ`mV lr~m~m§Mm
EH$ ^º$ H$qcJS> KoD$Z Amcm. lr~m~m åhUmco, ""AmV_Ü`o nmQ>rc H$m_ H$aVmo`
Ë`mcm Úm.'' Vmo ^º$ åhUmcm, ""_r ZoD$Z XoVmo.'' na§Vw Ë`mMo Z EoH$Vm lr~m~m hmVmV
\$moS> KoD$Z ñdV:M AmV Amco d Ë`m§Zm {Xcocr Vr \$moS> nmQ>rc `m§Zm Im`cm gm§Jy
cmJco. lr.nmQ>rc åhUmco, ""AmnU Im. _mPo hmV Iam~ AmhoV. _J ImB©Z _r !''
nU lr~m~m Ë`m§Mo Z EoH$Vm Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""hmV Iam~ Agco Va H$m` Pmc§''
nmcÏ`m hmVmZo Im !'' lr~m~m§À`m hmVÀ`m Ë`m H$qcJS>mMr JmoS>r lr.nmQ>rc `m§Zm
A_¥VmgmaIr dmQ>cr.
EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zm AmnU AmoVay cm Amnë`m Jmdr OmUma AmhmoV, Ago lr.nmQ>rc
`m§Zr gm§JVmM, ""{VWo H$n{X©Ho$œamMo _§{Xa Amho. VoWo Om Am{U e§H$amcm \w$co dmhm.''
Ago gm§{JVco. lr.nmQ>rc Zo_Ho$ \w$co Ý`m`cm {dgaco. BVŠ`mV _§{XamÀ`m dmQ>do a
g_moê$Z `oUmam EH$ ~«m÷U {Xgcm. Ë`mÀ`m hmVmV nyOoMo gm{hË` nmhÿZ lr.nmQ>rc
`m§Zm \w$cm§Mr AmR>dU Pmcr. Ë`m ~«m÷UmZoM Ë`m§Zm ""Xe©Zmcm MmccmV H$m ?''
åhUyZ {dMmaco. Ë`m§Zr hmo åhUVmM, ""hr ¿`m Xodmcm dmhÊ`mgmR>r \w$co !'' Ago
åhUyZ \w$co {Xcr. lr.nmQ>rc `m§À`m _ZmVrc éIéI {_Q>ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm AmZ§X Pmcm.
Ë`mMo Am^ma _mZÊ`mgmR>r nmhÿ cmJco Va Vmo ~«m÷U {XgoZmgmM Pmcm. hr lr~m~m§MrM
crcm hmoVr ho Z§Va Ë`m§À`m cjmV Amco.
lr.nmQ>rc ho nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Ü`o Amoìha{g`a åhUyZ ZmoH$ar H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m doir
H$mhr Á`w{Z`a Amoìha{gAg©Mr ~Xcr, JwOamW amÁ`m_Ü`o hmoÊ`mMo KmQ>V hmoVo.

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 123

lr.nmQ>rc `m§Mo Zmd ~XcrÀ`m `mXrV Agë`mMo Ooìhm Ë`m§Zm H$ico Voìhm Vo JS>~S>c.o
H$maU Ë`m§Zm JwOamW_Ü`o Om`Mo ZìhVo. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm àmW©Zm Ho$cr d MaUm§da
S>moHo$ R>odyZ nwÝhmnwÝhm,"" hr ~Xcr H$mhrVar H$ê$Z aÔ H$am !'' Aer àmW©Zm Ho$cr.
lr~m~m H$mhrM ~mocco ZmhrV. nU XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr ~XcrÀ`m Am°S>g© © Amë`m. Ë`m
doir `mXrVyZ lr.nmQ>rc `m§Mo Zmd dJico hmoV.o
ggyZ hm°pñnQ>cMr XwéñVr d dmT>rd ~m§YH$m_ Mmcy AgVmZm Ë`m H$m_mda B§{O{Z`a
åhUyZ lr.nmQ>rc `m§Mr Zo_UyH$ Pmcr. gmB©Q>da cmoI§S> `oD$Z nS>co hmoVo, na§Vw Ë`mÀ`m
ñQ>mH° $Mm {hemo~ _mÌ nÕVeranUo R>do cm ZìhVm. {VWë`m S>ßo `wQ>r B§{O{Z`aZo lr.nmQ>rc
`m§Zm gm_mZmMm MmO© ¿`m`cm gm§{JVcm. lr.nmQ>rc qMVoV nS>c.o Ë`m§Zr n[apñWVr
lr~m~m§À`m H$mZmda KmVcr d {dMmaco, ""H$m` H$ê$ ?'' lr~m~m åhUmco, ""gmho~mcm
gm§J, _r ñQ>rc Vmã`mV KoB©Z. na§Vw Vo _moOyZ Vmã`mV Úm. Ë`m ñQ>m°H$cm H§$nmD§$S> KmcyZ
VoWo Mmodrg Vmg nhmaoH$ar amhrc `mMr ì`dñWm AJmoXa H$am.'' lr.nmQ>rc `m§Zr
`mà_mUo H$adyZ KoVë`mZo Ë`m§Mm nwT>Mm Ìmg MwH$cm. H$maU Ë`m S>oß`wQ>r B§{O{Z`aMm
lr.nmQ>rc `m§Zm _wÔm_ AS>MUrV AmUÊ`mMm S>md hmoVm Ago H$ico. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr
Ë`m§Zm dmM{dco.
àmUmda ~oVco nU ....
lr~m~m§À`m Xoh{dgO©ZmZ§Va XoIrc lr~m~m§À`m g§ajH$ H¥$noMm AZw^d lr.nmQ>rb
`m§Zm Amcm. 1958 gmcr _mohmoi Vo qhJUJmd `m añË`mMo H$m_mda Ë`m§Mr Zo_UyH$
Pmcocr hmoVr. lr.nmQ>rc d Ë`m§Mm EH$ {_Ì _moQ>magm`H$cda ~gyZ Mmcco hmoV.o
g_moê$Z EH$ ~¡cJmS>r añË`mÀ`m COì`m ~mOyZo `oV hmoVr. Ë`m JmS>rdmë`mZo JmS>r
S>mì`m ~mOycm H$mT>cr, Voìhm Ë`mÀ`m JmS>rV R>do cocr nhma ~mhoa S>mHo $mdVmZm {Xgcr.
Vr MwH${dUo AeŠ` dmQ>ë`mZo lr.nmQ>rc `m§Zr S>mi o o {_Qy>Z KoVco d lr~m~m§Mo ñ_aU
H$ê$Z _moQ>magm`H$c VerM nwT>o H$mT>cr. lr.nmQ>rc `m§Mo Voìhm _aUM hmoVo. na§Vw
Ho$di {ZgQ>Ë`m _mamda {Z^mdco. Ë`m§À`m nmR>r_mJo ~gcoë`m Bg_mcm _mÌ O~aXñV
XwImnV Pmcr.
EH$Xm lr.nmQ>rc d Ë`m§Mo Hw$Qw>§~r` naJmdr Jococo AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m Kamda XamoS>m
nS>cm. na§Vw Á`m ImocrV Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mm \$moQ>mo cmdcocm hmoVm, Ë`m Imocr_Ü`o
XamoS>oImoam§Zr àdoeM Ho$cm Zmhr. Ë`mM ImocrV gd© gmoZoZmUo d {H$_Vr gm_mZ hmoVo.
lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo gd© H$mhr dmMco.

124 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr~m~m§À`m EH$m ^mMrMo {Ma§Ord lr.nÙmH$a dmgwXdo Omoer 1950 gmcmnmgyZ
{Z`{_V lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r OmV AgV. EH$Xm Vo lr.Am\$io~dw m§H$S>o Jßnm _marV
~gco AgVmZm, VoWo ZmoJr A±S> H§$nZrMo (_mH$S>N>mn) _mcH$ lr.JUoe ~miH¥$îU
dS>oa Amco. Vo Mm§Jë`mn¡H$s Á`mo{Vfr d Mohè`mH$S>o nmhÿZ _Zwî`mMo ^{dî` gm§JÊ`mMr
{dÚm AdJV AgUmao J¥hñW hmoV.o lr.nÙmH$a Omoer `m§À`m Hw$Qw>~§ mMr ~arM _m{hVr
Ë`m§Zm hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Mm¡H$er H$aVmZm Ë`m§Zr EH$X_ {dMmaco, ""H$m` ao Vy H$moUË`m
gËnwéfmÀ`m Xe©Zmcm OmVmog ?'' Voìhm lr.Omoer `m§Zr lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo Zmd
gm§{JVco. Vo EoHy$Z Vo åhUmco, ""VwÂ`mda Ë`m§Mr H¥$nm Amho åhUyZ Vy R>rH$ Amhog.
Zmhr Va EH$m S>mù
o `mZo Am§Yim hmoÊ`mMm VwÂ`m Z{e~mV XwXd£ r `moJ _cm {XgV hmoVm.''
Ë`m§Zm AmUIr WmoS>r lr~m~m§{df`r _m{hVr gm§{JVë`mda Vo åhUmco, ""AmnU
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm OmD$`m.'' Ë`mda lr.Am\$io~dw m åhUmco, ""Hw$R>o OmVm` {VH$S>?o
Amåhr Va Vo doS>o AmhoV åhUyZ EoHy$Z AmhmoV.'' nU Varhr lr.dS>oa, Am\$io d
OmoetÀ`m ~amo~a Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o JocM o .
{VKohr lr~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z Imcr ~gco. lr~m~m§Zr WmoS>çmem amJmZo lr.dS>ao
`m§Zm {dMmaco, ""H$m` nm{hOo Amho Vwåhmcm ?'' ""Oo ZH$mo Agoc Vo Úm !'' lr.dS>oa
CÎmaco. Ë`m~amo~a lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m hmVmVrc OnmMr VwierMr _mi Ë`m§À`m A§Jmda
\o$H$cr d åhUmco, ""_cm n¡go Úmc H$m ?'' Voìhm lr.dS>oa `m§Zr Xhm én`mMr ZmoQ>
H$mTy>Z Ë`m§À`m nm`mer R>odcr. {VKm§Zr lr~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm Am{U ~mhoa nS>co.
Xaå`mZ lr.dS>ao `m§À`m _ZmV H$mhrVar Amco Am{U Vo nwÝhm lr~m~m§À`m ImocrV
{eaco d Xma cmdyZ KoVco Am{U WmoS>m doi XmoKm§Mo H$mhrVar ~mocUo Pmco. Yw_mi
{~pëS>J¨ À`m qXS>r~mhoa añË`mda Amë`mZ§Va lr.dS>ao `m§Zr lr.Am\$io~dw m§Zm gm§{JVco,
""Vwåhr Ë`m§Zm doS>o g_OÊ`mV Kmoa MyH$ H$arV AmhmV. _mÂ`m _Vo Ë`m§À`m VmoS>rMm
gËnwéf AmO g§nyU© _hmamï´>mV Var Xwgam Hw$Ur Zmhr.''
lr.nÙmH$a Omoer `m§Mo ñdV:Mo amhmVo Ka ^mS>oH$ê§$Zr "a|Q> A°ŠQ>'Mm \$m`Xm KoD$Z
H$ãOmV KoÊ`mgmR>r Xmdm Mmc{dcm hmoVm. Ë`m_Ü`o Ka OmUma Ago {M• {Xgy cmJco.
Ë`m doir Ka Amnë`m hmVyZ Joë`mVM O_m Amho Ago g_OyZ lr.Omoer d Ë`m§Mo ~§Yy
ho AJXr {Zame ~Zco hmoV.o Omoer `m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr _Zmo^mdo àmW©Zm Ho$cr. lr~m~m§Zr
""OmJm Vwåhmcm naV {_ioc, Vwåhr qMVm H$ê$Z ZH$m !'' Ago {Z:g§{X½Y AmœmgZ
{Xco. Ë`mà_mUo H$moQ>© Ho$g qOHy$Z nwT>o lr.Omoer `m§Zm gd© ^mS>oH$ê§$Zr KamMm Vm~m
{Xcm.

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 125

 lr.Omoer `m§À`m CnpñWVrV lr~m~m§Zr EH$m {nemM ~mYoZo nr{S>V Agcoë`m
ñÌrMm Ìmg Xya Ho$cm hmoVm. Ë`m ~mB©Mo ZmVodmB©H$ {Vcm AZoH$ XodñWmZo, _m§{ÌH$, ^JV
dJ¡ao {R>H$mUr {\$adyZ eodQ>r Hw$UmÀ`mVar gm§JÊ`mdê$Z lr~m~m§H$S>o KoD$Z Amco hmoVo.
hr _§S>ir Amcr Voìhm lr~m~m AmVë`m ImocrV noQ>rdaVr ~gyZ {gJmaoQ> AmoT>rV hmoV.o
{VÀ`m ~amo~aÀ`m _mUgm§Zr WmoS>Š`mV {VMr h{H$H$V lr~m~m§Zm gm§{JVcr d Ë`m
~mB©cm nwT>o AmUco. ~mB© IoSy>V {XgV hmoVr. lr~m~m {Vcm nmhÿZ ""Ioi, Ioi !''
Ago åhUmco. Ë`m~amo~a Ë`m ~mB©À`m A§JmV g§Mma hmoD$Z Vr ~gë`m OmJr Kw_y cmJcr.
Kw_Ê`mMm doJ hiyhiy dmTy> cmJcm. eodQ>r Vmo BVH$m dmT>cm H$s lr~m~m§À`m nm`mda
{VMo S>mHo $o Q>Ho $co. Ë`m~amo~a {VMm AmdoJ g§nZy {ZñÌmU hmoD$Z Vr lr~m~m§À`m nm`mnmer
{Zn{MV nSy>Z am{hcr. lr~m~m§Zr ñnï>nUo gm§{JVbo, ""_moH$ir Pmbr ! AmVm BWo
Wm§~m`Mo H$maU Zmhr.'' WmoS>çm doimZo BVa cmoH$m§Zr {Vcm CR>{dco. Voìhm Vr BVŠ`m
dfmªZV§ a àW_M _mUgmV Amë`mà_mUo CR>cr, ~gcr Am{U ZrQ> dmJy cmJcr. Ë`m
cmoH$m§Zr Z§Va gm§{JVco H$s, Ë`m ~mB©Mr _¥V gdVM {nemM hmoD$Z {Vcm N>iV hmoVr.
BVH$s df} dUdU {\$aco, na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m nm`mer {VMr {nemMnrS>m Xya Pmcr `mMo
Ë`m gdmªZmM Amü`© dmQ>c.o
lr.Omoer 1953 gmcÀ`m {Xdmirg amOJwéZJa (IoS>) `oWo Amnë`m _mderH$S>o
(lr~m~m§Mr ^mMr) Joco hmoV.o {VH$S>o Joë`mda XoIrc Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Mr gmaIr AmR>dU
`oD$ cmJcr. Aä`§JñZmZ, \$ami BË`mXr H$arV AgVm, lr~m~m§Mo ñZmZ, \$ami dJ¡ao
gd© H$moU H$arV Agoc Ago {dMma gmaIo S>mŠo `mV Kw_y cmJco. ^mD$~rO H$ê$Z Vo
naV nwÊ`mcm `m`cm {ZKmco, Voìhm _mderZo \$amimMr nwS>r {Xcr. lr.Omoer {Vcm
åhUmco, ""AJ§, hr nwS>r gmoSy>Z XmoZ nwS>çm H$ê$Z Xo.'' _mderZo {dMmaco, ""Xwgar
nwS>r ao H$moUmgmR>r ?'' Voìhm Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§H$S>o KoD$Z Om`Mr Amho Ago gm§{JVco. Vo
EoHy$Z _mder åhUmcr, ""Ë`m§À`mgmR>r Vy ZoUma Agerc Va Xwgar nwS>r ~m§YyZ XoVo, Vr
KoD$Z Om.''
nwÊ`mV `oVmjUrM àW_ lr.Omoer Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r
Joc.o Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z \$amimMr nwS>r {Xcr d ~mOycmM Agcoë`m IwMuda [aH$m_r
Pmcocr H$mnS>mMr {nedr R>do cr. Ë`m~amo~a lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Aao cmoH$m§Zr _cm
CQ>Ur {~Q>Ur cmdyZ ñZmZ KmVco ~a§ H$m§ ! Vwcm H$gcr H$miOr dmQ>m`cm ZH$mo.''
Xe©Z KoD$Z naV {ZKVmZm lr.Omoer `m§Zr Vr {nedr KoVcr. Vmo AmV H$mhrVar Amho
Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQy> cmJco. hmV KmcyZ nmhVmV Vmo AmV_Ü`o ñdÀN>, nm§T>ar ew^« VmOr,

126 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

gwdm{gH$ _moJè`mMr \w$co hmoVr. lr.Omoer M{H$V Pmco. H$maU EH$Va Ë`m§Zr \w$co
AmUcr ZìhVrM qH$dm lr~m~m§H$S>o Hw$Ur AmUyZ {Xcr åhUmdo Va Vgohr {Xgco Zmhr.
gdmªV _hÎdmMo åhUOo _moJè`mMm h§Jm_ AÚmn ~amM Xya hmoVm. Aem n[apñWVrV
lr~m~m§MrM hr crcm Agcr nm{hOo Ago OmUyZ lr~m~m§À`mM MaUm§da Vr \w$co
lr.Omoer `m§Zr dmhÿZ JwényOZ Ho$co.
lr~m~m§Zr XohË`mJ H$aÊ`mnydu 1954 gmcr lr.Omoer `m§Zm, ""Vwcm H$m` ~a§
XoD$? H$m` ~a§ XoD$ ?'' Ago XmoZXmoZXm {dMmaco, Voìhm lr.Omoer hmV OmoSy>Z
åhUmco,""_cm AmnU g§Ý`mg Úmdm.'' Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""VwÂ`m N>mVrda Ho$g
\$ma AmhoV, `mMm AW© dmgZm \$ma AmhoV. g§Ý`memMo H$S>H$ Zo_-{Z`_ VwÂ`mZo nmidUma
ZmhrV. nwT>Mm H$mi H$R>rU `oUma Amho. EImÚm {R>H$mUr {^jocm Hw$Ur ""Zmhr''
åhQ>c,§ Va VwPm amJ VwÂ`m Vmã`mV amhmUma Zmhr.''
lr.OmoetMo MwcVo EH$ {Xdg Ë`m§À`m~amo~a lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joc.o Ë`m§Zr
Xe©Z KoVë`mda MwcË`m§Zr EH$ Mma AmÊ`mMo ZmUo lr~m~m§À`m g_moa R>do co. Ë`m doir
Ë`m§À`m _ZmV H$mhrer MwQ>nQw > OmJr Pmcr H$s `m n¡emVyZ XmoZ ßcoQ> ^Or Amcr AgVr.
H$maU Ë`m§Zm Agco nXmW© ImÊ`mMr \$ma éMr hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m A§VÑ©ï>rZo hm gyú_gm
{dMmaVa§J AMyH$ {Q>ncm Am{U lr.nÙmH$a OmoetZm ""noê$JoQ>cm Om Am{U XmoZ ßcoQ>
Ja_Ja_ H$m§ÚmMr ^Or KoD$Z `o,'' Aer Amkm Ho$cr. Vo åhUV hmoVo H$s BVŠ`m cm§~
OmÊ`mnojm BWo OdiM BVH$s XwH$mZo AmhoV Ë`mn¡H$s EH$mH$Sy>Z AmUVmo. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr
Ë`m§Zm {VH$S>Mo nmR>{dco d ""{VH$S>o ^Ordmcm Pmè`mda Ja_ ^Or H$mTy>Z Wm§~cocm
Agoc,'' Ago gm§{JVco. lr.Omoer {VWo OmVmV Vmo IamoIaM Vmo ^Ordmcm, H$T>BV© Zy
Ja_Ja_ ^Or H$mT>V AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m Ñï>rg nS>cm. lr.OmoetZr ^Á`§mMr nwS>r gmoS>yZ
lr~m~m§H$S>o {Xcr. Ë`m doir Ë`m XmoKm§Zmhr lr~m~m§Zr H$m§ÚmMr ^Or Im`cm {Xcr d
åhUmco, ""hm àgmX Amho. ¿`m, JwéM § m àgmX Amho. nwÝhm {_im`Mm Zmhr.'' Ë`m
{Xder JwédmaMm Cnmg _moS>yZ Ë`m XmoKm§Zm lr~m~m§Zr H$m§ÚmMr ^Or Im`cm cmdcr.
lr.nÙmH$a Omoer `m§Zm nwT>o lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z AZwJh« Pmcm.
Ë`m doir lr_hmamOm§Zr H$mhr A^§J {chÿZ {Xco Ë`mVrc EH$ MaU Agm hmoVm.
F${f_wZr gmYy XoVrc Xe©Z Ÿ& MaUr d§XZ H$am Ë`m§Mo Ÿ&&
`mMm àË`` lr.OmoetZm AZoH$dma Amcm. AZoH$ gËnwéfm§Zr ñdV:hÿZM ào_mZo Ë`m§Zm
Xe©Z {Xco.
lr {dœZmW _hmamO Ho$gH$am§H$S>o Vo Joco Voìhm Vo AmnUhÿZ ~mhoa Amco d åhUmco,

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 127

""Omoer, Vw_À`mgmR>r _r AYm© Vmg Imoi~§ Zy am{hcmo Amho. _cm AmÎmm Ia§ åhUOo
{\$am`cm Omd`mMo hmoV.o ''
\$cQ>UMo lr CnioH$a _hmamO `m§Zr lr.OmoetZm nmhmVmM ""gmIa AmUm, gmIa
AmUm'' Ago åhUyZ ñdmJV Ho$co. Ë`m§À`m hmVmda VrZ M_Mo gmIa {Xcr. BVa gd©
_§S>itZm Xwê$Z Z_ñH$ma H$amd`mg gm§{JVcm. na§Vw Ë`m§Zm _mÌ VrZ doim nm`mda S>mHo $o
R>do m Ago AmnUhÿZ gm§{JVco. lr.OmoetZr Amnë`m _wcmgmR>r Amerdm©X _mJVmM
Vm~S>Vmo~ "{Xcm' Ago eãX lr_hmamOm§À`m _wImVyZ {ZKmco.
gmVmam `oWo hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o AgVmZm lr.Omoer `m§Zm lrJm|XdcoH$a _hmamOm§Mm
Ñï>mV§ hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mr J§^ra eñÌ{H«$`m Q>ibr d àmU dmMco.
lr.Omoer EHo$ {Xder lr~m~m§H$S>o Xe©ZmgmR>r OmV AgVmZm doJdoJio g§àXm` nwT>o
H$go MmcV amhmVmV `m{df`r _ZmV {dMma Mmccm hmoVm. `m {dMmamV _¾ AgVmZmM
Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§À`m ImocrV àdoe Ho$cm. lr~m~m Zoh_rà_mUo g_moaM ~gco hmoV.o Ë`m
doir ImocrV Xwgao H$moUrhr ZìhVo. lr~m~m§Zm nmhmVmM ""`m§Mr JmXr nwT>o H$moU MmcdUma
~a§ ?'' Agm {dMma jU^a Ë`m§À`m _ZmV M_Hy$Z Jocm. VËjUr lr~m~m åhUmco,
""Aao, Vy H$emcm H$miOr H$aVmog ? nmo_S| >rMo {dÇ>camd Omoer Am_À`m nümV EH$
dfm©Zo `oWo `oVrc Am{U JwénX gm§^miyZ gd© H$mhr nwT>o MmcdVrc.''
lr.Omoer `m§À`m _ZmVrc àý OmUyZ lr~m~m§Zr jUmYm©V CÎmaXoIrc {Xco `mMm
Ë`m§Zm AM§~m dmQ>cm. hr Jmoï> gw_mao 1951 gmcmVrc Agmdr. Aem àH$mao BVŠ`m
CKS>nUo lr~m~m§Zr XohË`mJ H$aÊ`mnydr© VrZ df} AJmoXa Amncm CÎmam{YH$mar åhUyZ
lrgX²Jéw [XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm (lr.{dÇ>>camd Omoer) CëcoI Ë`m doir Ho$cm hmoVm.
R>mg
o am§À`m KamgmR>r {~Zì`mOr n¡go
Hw$bm~m {Oëhm H$m±Jgo« H${_Q>rMo _mOr AÜ`j lr.~m~mgmho~ R>mgo a `m§Mm H$O©V `oWo
EH$ ßcm°Q> hmoVm. Ë`mda ñdV:Mo Ka ~m§Ymd`mMo Agm Ë`m§Zr g§H$ën gmoS>cm. na§Vw JmR>rcm
n¡go Zgë`m_wi,o hm ~oV {gÕrg H$gm OmUma åhUyZ Vo ~oMZ¡ Pmco. Ë`mM {dMmamV Vo
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joc.o Ë`m§Zr Amncm g§H$ën Am{U Amncr n[apñWVr XmoÝhr~Ôc
gm§{JVco d AmVm nwT>o H$m` hmoBc
© Ago {dMmaco. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm AZwH$y c H$m¡c Xe©{dcm.
Z§Va Vo H$O©Vcm {ZKyZ Joc.o VoWMo Ë`m§Zm EH$ ñdßZ nS>c.o ñdßZmV Zoai `oWo gwJdoH$a
gmdH$mam§Zm OmD$Z ^oQ> Aer gyMZm {_imcr. XmoZ {Xdg Ë`m§Mm OmÊ`mMm {Zü` hmoBZ© m.
{Vgè`m {Xder Vo ew{M^yV© hmoD$Z Zoaicm gwJdoH$am§H$S>o Joc.o lr.gwJdoH$am§Zr Ë`m§Zm nmhmVmM

128 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_moR>çm AmZ§XmZo Ë`m§Mo ñdmJV Ho$co d åhUmco, ""Joco XmoZ {Xdg Vw_Mr _r dmQ> nmhmV
Amho. ho ~mam hOma én`o Vw_À`mgmR>r H$mTy>Z R>do co AmhoV, Vo Vwåhr ¿`m. `mMr naV\o$S>
Vwåhmcm O_oc Voìhm H$am. `mMo ì`mO eyÝ` én`o g_Om.'' lr.R>mgo am§À`m _ZmV lr~m~m§Mr
_yVu C^r am{hcr. nwT>o Ë`m§Mo Ka ~m§YZy Pmco d Ë`m H$Om©Mr naV\o$S>hr Ho$cr.
gmo_æ`mÀ`m Zmdo {MÇ>r {c{hcr
nwUo {OëømVrc Zram aoëdo ñQ>oeZ nmgyZ Xhm _¡cm§da gmo_æ`mMo H$ma§Oo Zm_H$ EH$
gwà{gÕ {R>H$mU Amho. lmdUr gmo_dmar Ë`m {R>H$mUr ZmJamOmMr ñdmar àH$Q> hmoV.o
Ë`mÀ`m åhUOo gmo_æ`mÀ`m Xe©ZmgmR>r hOmamo cmoH$ VoWo O_VmV. _moR>r `mÌm O_Vo.
lr.Zmam`Uamd nQ>dY©Z (n§.{dZm`H$~wdm§Mo {Ma§Ord), M§Xwcmc ehm Am{U
am_^mD$ Am§~oH$a ho {VKohr gmo_æ`mÀ`m `mÌocm OmÊ`mMr nadmZJr _mJÊ`mgmR>r
lr~m~m§H$S>o Amco hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zm Vo åhUmco, ""Amåhm§cm gmo_æ`mMo Xe©Z _mÌ Pmco
nm{hOo.'' lr~m~m XmoZ jU ñdñW ~gco. _J EH$ H$mJX hmVmV KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr Ë`mÀ`mda
H$mhrVar _OHy$a {c{hcm. Imcr ñdV:Mr ghr Ho$cr d Ë`m§Zm åhUmco, ""hm _OHy$a
{VWo dmMyZ XmIdm.'' `m _§S>itZr Vr {MÇ>r dmMcr. lr~m~m§Zr {c{hco hmoVo,
""ghò~wX²>Ü`m X_cm` Am{U Vm|S> IwngyZ ~gcm`.''
hr _§S>ir H$ma§Oo Jmdr Jocr. `mÌocm ~og_w ma JXu hmoVr. ~mamÀ`m gw_mamg ho VoWo
nmohmoMco. Ë`m {R>H$mUr XmoZ {d{har AmhoV. EH$ ñZmZ H$amd`mMr d Xwgar VrWm©Mr
{dhra. ñZmZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m {d{harda `m _§S>itMr ñZmZo CaH$cr Am{U {VVŠ`mV Hw$UrVar
gm§{JVco H$s VrWm©À`m {d{harVyZ gmo_æ`mMr ñdmar ~mhoa {ZKmcr Amho. cJ~JrZo {VKohr
VrWm©À`m {d{harH$S>o Amco. {VWo ahmQ>mÀ`m Im§~mÀ`m XJS>mÀ`m \$Q>r_Ü`o gmo_æ`mMr
(ZmJamOmMr) ñdmar IamoIaM Vm|S> d eonQ>r AmV IwngyZ ~gcr hmoVr Am{U XJS>mÀ`m
\$Q>rVyZ Ë`mÀ`m earamMm _Ycm ^mJ ~mhoa {XgV hmoVm. `m _§S>itZr Ë`mcm ~ocmMo nmZ,
hiXHw$H§ $y dmhÿZ nyOm Ho$cr. lr~m~m§Zr {MÇ>rV {chÿZ R>do coë`m AdñWoVM gmo_æ`mZo
Xe©Z {Xco, `mMm gdmªZm AM§~m dmQ>cm. lr~m~m§À`m Amkoà_mUo Vr {MÇ>r gmo_æ`mcm
dmMyZ XmIdrV AgVmZm gmo_æ`mZo Amnco eara OmoamV hcdyZ _OHw$amMr nmoM {Xcr.
""Amåhr ñdV§Ì AmhmoV''
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nwÊ`{VWrcm lr~m~m gmodio ZogyZ XwnmaÀ`m doir ^a
añË`mVyZ CKS>çm A§JmZo _R>mV OmV AgV. Ë`m§Mm hm Zo_ H$YrM MwH$cm Zmhr. EHo$

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 129

dfu _mÌ Vo gmodio Zogco Am{U _R>mV Om`cm ~mhoa Z {ZKVm nwÝhm KamVM ~gyZ
am{hco. ~amM doi Pmcm Var CR>m`Mo Zmd KoBZ© mV. _R>mV ^moOZ àgmXmg gwédmV
Pmcr. _R>mV noUhÿZ lr.{c_`o ho lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy CËgdmgmR>r Amcoco hmoV.o lr~m~m§Mo
Vo dJ©{_Ì Am{U Jwé~§Yy Agm {Oìhmù`mMm Xwhoar g§~§Y Agë`m_wio lr~m~m
Amë`m{edm` Vo Oodmd`mg ~gm`cm V`ma hmoB©ZmV. Ë`m§Zr lr.ZmZm ~mnQ> `m§Zm
""amdgmho~m§Zm KoD$Z `m, _JM _r OodZo '' Ago gm§JZy Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o nmR>{dco.
lr.~mnQ> `m§Zr nwîH$i {dZ§Ë`m H$ê$ZgwÕm lr~m~m OmJMo hcoZmV. lr.~mnQ>m§À`m
nmR>mno mR> lr.AÊUmgmho~ Jwáo `m§Zm lr~m~m§Zm KoD$Z `oÊ`mgmR>r {c_`m§Zr YmS>c.o nU
Hw$UmcmM lr~m~m§Mo _Z di{dÊ`mV `e `oBZ© m. BH$S>o _R>mV lr.{c_`o g§VmnmZo ~S>~Sy>
cmJco, ""Vmo H$m` ñdV:cm _moR>m g_OVmo H$m` ? `oV Zmhr åhUOo H$m` ? Vmo Zmhr
Amcm Va _r gwÕm OodUma Zmhr. ~Ky`m H$m` H$aVmo Vo !'' _R>mVyZ Hw$UrZm Hw$UrVar
`oD$Z lr~m~m§Zm ho gd© d¥Îm gm§JV hmoVo nU lr~m~m§da Ë`mMm `pËH§${MVhr n[aUm_
Pmcm Zmhr.
Iyn gm§JZy Pmë`mda eodQ>r lr~m~m BVHo$M åhUmco, ""Vwåhr Amåhmcm `oWMo àgmXmMo
VmQ> dmTy>Z AmUm. BWoM Amåhr ImD$ Am{U {c_`m§Zm gm§Jm Amåhr ñdV§Ì AmhmoV åhUyZ.''
lr.ZmZm ~mnQ> d lr.AÊUmgmho~ Jwáo _R>mV naV Joc.o Ë`mZ§Va Xhm {_{ZQ>mZ§ r nwT>çmV
lr.am_^mD$ Am§~Ho $a ~gcoco hmoV,o Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m åhUmco, ""{c_`o Oodm`cm ~gcm ~a§
H$m !'' _J gm¡.Am§~Ho $am§Zm EH$ {dS>m H$am`cm gm§{JVcm. ""Am§~Ho $a, hm Zmai Am{U EH$
én`m ¿`m. ~amo~a Vmo {dS>m nU ¿`m Am{U Ë`m {c_`mcm ZoD$Z Úm.'' lr.Am§~Ho $a nVr-
nËZr _R>mV Jocr. lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVë`mà_mUo lr.{c_`o `m§Mo OodU Pmcoco hmoVo .o nU
VargwÕm XmamV C^o amhÿZM Vo lr~m~m§Zm CÔoeZy VmdmVmdmZo, amJmZo H$mhrVar ~mocV hmoV.o
lr.Am§~Ho $am§Zr Zmai, {dS>m, én`m Ë`m§À`m hmVmV {Xcm. Ë`m~amo~a lr.{c_`o H$S>mS>c,o
""_cm Zmai nmR>{dVmo ! ñdV:cm g_OVmo Var H$moU ?'' lr.Am§~Ho $am§Mr nmMmda YmaU
~gcr hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr {Z_yQ>nUo Z_ñH$ma Ho$cm Am{U ~mOycm Pmco.
na§Vw nwT>À`m jUr lr.{c_`m§Mm H§$R> XmQy>Z Amcm. JXJXë`m ñdamZo Vo åhUmco,
""amdgmho~m§H$Sy>Z _cm Zmai Amcm, R>rH$ Amho !'' Ë`m§Zr {dS>m Im„m d Am§~Ho $am§Zm
åhUmco, ""amdgmho~m§Zm gm§J _r gwÕm AmVm ñdV§Ì Amho.''
`m àg§JmZ§Va lr.{c_`o `m§Mo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m CËgdmV `oUo KS>co Zmhr.
nwT>ë`m nwÊ`{VWrnyduM Ë`m§Zr BhcmoH$ gmoS>cm. eodQ>À`m ^oQ>rÀ`m ImUmIwUmM
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm XmIdyZ {Xë`m, ho Ë`m doir BVa _§S>itÀ`m Ü`mZmV Amco.

130 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 _wHw§$Xamd _moK|Mm Q>m§Jm ASy>Z am{hcm
B§XyaMo lr._wHw§$Xamd nm§Sw>a§J _moKo ho lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy. Ë`m§Mm nma_m{W©H$ A{YH$ma
CÀM H$moQ>rVrc hmoVm. EH$Xm nwÊ`mV Amcoco AgVmZm Vo Q>m½§ `mV ~gyZ lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J g_moarc _mJm©ZoM Mmcco hmoVo. Q>m§Jm Yw_mi
{~pëS>J¨ À`m g_moa Amcm _mÌ Am{U KmoS>o EH$mEH$s W~H$co. nm` CMcmd`mg V`ma
hmoB©ZmV. Q>m§Jodmë`mZo XmV AmoR> ImD$Z Mm~yH$ AmoT>co. Vo KmoS>o _ma ImV hmoVo, nU
OmJodê$Z hcoZm. lr._wHw§$Xamd `m§Mo `m àH$mamH$S>o cj OmVmM Ë`m§Zr Q>m§Jodmë`mcm
Wm§~dco d åhUmco, ""Agy Xo. Oam Wm§~ BWoM. _mPo H$m_ `mM dmS>çmV Amho.''
lr._moKo MQ>H$Z Yw_mi {~pëS>J§ _Ü`o {eaco Am{U {OZm MTy>Z cJ~JrZo lr~m~m§À`m
ImocrV Joc.o lr~m~m g_moa JmXrda ~gyZ hgV hmoV.o lr._moKo `m§Zr Xe©Z KoVco Am{U
XmoZ {_{ZQ>mV Imcr `oD$Z nwÝhm Q>m½§ `mV ~gco. Vo ~gVm jUrM BVH$m doi AmS>_Rw >no UmZo
Wm§~Zy am{hcoco KmoS>o {Z_yQ>nUo Mmcm`cm cmJco. lr._moKo `m§Zr _ZmVë`m _ZmV `m
gmè`m àH$mam~Ôc Amü`© ì`º$ Ho$co d lr~m~m§À`m crcocm _mZ VwH${dcr.
I§S>oamd dmKm§Zr ßcm°Q>Mo ~jrgnÌ Ho$co
nwÊ`mV lr.I§S>oamd amYmo~m dmK ZmdmMo EH$ H$m°ÝQ´>°ŠQ>a hmoVo. gZ 1953 _Ü`o Vo
àW_ lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Amco. lr~m~m§À`m EH$ ^º$mZo {Xcoë`m lr~m~m§À`m
_m{hVrdê$ZM Vo Amco hmoV.o Xe©Z KoD$Z Imcr ~gco. lr~m~m§Zr gmo~V Amcoë`m
Amnë`m ^º$mOdi ho H$moU, H moR>Mo dJ¡ao Mm¡H$er Ho$cr. Ë`mZo gm§{JVco, ""ho _mPo
ñZohr dmK AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m Xe©ZmMr BÀN>m hmoVr åhUyZ KoD$Z Amcmo`.''
lr~m~m§Zr EH$dma Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nm{hco d åhUmco, ""Iam dmK {XgVmo`.'' lr~m~m§À`m
EH$mEH$s EH$X_ _ZmV H$m` Amco Hw$Umg R>mD$H$ nU åhUmco, ""AmO nd©H$mi
Amho. _cm X{jUm Úm nmhy.'' lr. dmK d Ë`m§Zm KoD$Z `oUmao J¥hñW, XmoKm§Zr {IemVyZ
EH$EH$ én`m H$mT>cm d lr~m~m§À`m hmVmV {Xcm. lr~m~m lr.dmK `m§Zm åhUmco,
""H$m` hmo Am_Mm én`m Vwåhr naV ¿`mc H$m` ?'' lr.dmK JßnM ~gco. Z§Va XmoKho r
CRy>Z lr~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z Kar Joco.
Ë`m Xaå`mZÀ`m H$mimV lr~m~m XmoKm Mm¡Km§Odi ""_cm ñnog nm{hOo, OmJm
nm{hOo'' Ago åhUmco hmoVo. ""ZXrH$mR>r XmoZeo Mm¡.\y$Q> OmJm {_imcr Va nmhm,''
Ago Vo gm§JV AgV. lr.dmK `m§À`m _mcH$sMo H$mhr ßcm°Q>²g hmoV.o Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`mOdi
H$mhr ^º$m§Zr Mm¡H$er Ho$cr, Voìhm Ë`m§Zr ""ZXrH$mR>mda H$mhr ßcm°Q>²g {e„H$ ZmhrV.

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 131

na§Vw \$½`w©gZ H$m°coO dgVrJ¥hmÀ`m nbrH$S>o H$mhr ßcm°Q>²g _mÂ`m _mcH$sMo AmhoV.
Ë`mVrc EImXm lr~m~m§Zm ng§V nS>ë`mg XoVm `oB©c,'' Ago gm§{JVco. àË`oH$ ßcm°Q>
Xhm Jw§R>çmMm hmoVm. lr.dmKm§Zr EHy$U Mma ßcm°Q>²gMo ZH$meo XmI{dco. Ë`mn¡H$s EH$
ßcm°Q> lr~m~m§Zr ñdV: ZH$memda ~moQ> R>odyZ ""hm nm{hOo'' Ago gm§{JVco. ZH$memV
ßcm°Q>À`m Á`m q~Xyda lr~m~m§Zr ~moQ> R>odco hmoVo, Ë`mM OmJr nwT>o lr~m~m§À`m Xohmda
A{¾g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
lr.dmK `m§Zr Amnë`m Hw$Qw>~§ mVrc gdmªer {dMma{d{_Z` H$ê$Z ßcm°Q> lr~m~m§Zm
XoÊ`mMm {dMma n¸$m Ho$cm. àW_ Vmo cm±J crOda ¿`m`Mm Ago R>aco. ñQ>n± nonada
crO S>rS> V`ma H$adyZ, XñVEodO lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV R>do Zy AmUm`cm
lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVco hmoVo, Ë`mà_mUo Ho$co.
lr.dmK H$mJXnÌ KoD$Z lr~m~m§Zm XoÊ`mgmR>r Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o Amco. lr~m~m§Zr
crOMo dm{f©H$ Zm__mÌ ^mS>o åhUyZ EH$ én`m lr.dmKm§Zm {Xcm. lr.dmKm§Zm àW_
^oQ>rVrc lr~m~m§À`m CX²Jmam§Mo, ""Am_Mm én`m naV KoVm H$m` ?'' `m dmŠ`mMo
ñ_aU Pmco. Xwgè`m {Xder lr~m~m `m ì`dhmam~Ôc åhUmco, "" hm KamVcm ì`dhma
Pmcm Ago dmQ>Vo.'' Voìhm ^º$_§S>itZr AmnU Xwgam XñVEodO åhUOo IaoXrIV
qH$dm ~jrgnÌ H$ê$`m Ago gwM{dco. lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z g§_Vr {_iVmM Ë`m§Zr lr.dmKm§er
g§nH©$ gmYcm. Ë`m§Zrhr ñdIwerZo ~jrgnÌ H$aÊ`mg g§_Vr {Xcr. Xwgam ~jrgnÌmMm
H$mJX V`ma Pmë`mda n{hco crO S>rS> AmnmoAmnM aÔ Pmco.
lr~m~m§Zr "_r `m ßcm°Q>da ^º$m§gmR>r EH$ hOma df} dmñVì` H$aUma Amho,' Ago
AZoH$dma CX²>Jma H$mT>co hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr ^º$m§Zm ""ßcm°Q> ~KyZ `m'' Ago gm§JyZ Ë`m
ßcm°Q>da nmR>{dco. Ë`m gdmªZr naV `oD$Z ßcm°Q> nm{hcm. na§Vw VoWo ZmJm§Mr dméio _mÌ
Ag§»` AmhoV Ago gm§{JVco. lr~m~m§Zr ^º$m§Zm d lr.dmK `m§ZmgwÕm dméio _moS>yZ
ßcm°Q> gm\$gy\$ H$ê$Z R>odmdm Aer Amkm Ho$cr. Ë`m§Zm dméio gm\$ H$am`Mr ^rVr dmQy>
cmJcr åhUyZ lr~m~m§Zm {dMmê$ cmJco. ""dméimV Oa ZmJ Agoc Va H$go H$m`
gm\$ H$aUma ?'' lr~m~m åhUmco, ""Ë`mV H$m` Amho. àË`oH$ {~imV hmV KmcyZ
nmhmdm. AmV_Ü`o ZmJ Agoc Va dmê$i _moSy> ZH$m.'' naV WmoS>çm doimZo åhUmco,
""Om Km~ê$ ZH$mog _r Ë`m ZmJm§Zm VoWyZ EH$ hOma \y$Q> Xya OmÊ`mMr Amkm Ho$cr
Amho.''
Xwgao {Xder nwÝhm lr.dmK d BVa H$mhr OU, ßcm°Q>da dméio gm\$ H$am`cm Joc.o
EImXm JS>r_Zwî` {_imcm Va ~ao hmoBc © Agm {dMma Ë`m§À`m _ZmV `oVmo` Z `oVmo`

132 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

BVŠ`mV EH$ JS>r Hw$Xi KoD$Z `oVmZm {Xgcm. lr.dmKm§Zr Ë`mcm dméio _moS>Ê`mMo
H$m_ gm§{JVco. Vmohr V`ma Pmcm. Ë`mà_mUo Ë`mZo H$m_mcm gwédmV Ho$cr. Vmo àË`oH$
dmê$i gmdYnUo \$moS>r Am{U Ë`mVyZ EH$ pñà¨JÀ`m AmH$mamMr dZñnVr H$mTy>Z KoB©.
Vo H$m` Amho åhUyZ {dMmaco Va CÎma Z XoVm Amnë`m YmoVamV Vr ~m§YyZ KoB©. Ago
~amM doi Ë`mMo H$m_ Mmcy hmoVo. Ë`m Bg_mZo gd© dméio gm\$ Ho$cr. H$m_ nyU©
Pmë`mda Vmo _mo~Xcm Z KoVmM {ZKyZ Jocm. lr.dmKm§Zm \$maM Amü`© dmQ>co.
lr~m~m§À`m H$mZr hm àH$ma KmVë`mda Vo H$mhr ~mocco ZmhrV _mÌ \$º$ hgco.
***

lrgX²Jwé-ñVwVr
gX²JwéMaUm§ H$amo{Z d§XZm Ÿ& Ama§{^Vm| OmUm {Zê$nU Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
Vmo{M dX{dVm Vmo{M {bh{dVm Ÿ& H$Vm© H$a{dVm AdKm Vmo{MŸ &&2Ÿ&&
V`mMo gÎmoZ| Ioio {dœ gmao§ Ÿ& AdKt pñWaMao§ ZQ>mo{Z`m§ Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
àH¥$Vr nwéf AZmXr ho XmoÝhr Ÿ& gm§»`VÎdkmZr§ {ZU©`mo hm Ÿ &&4Ÿ&&
n«H¥$Vr nwéf ZmhtM Vt XmoZ Ÿ& AÛ¡V ho nyU© gË` Ago Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
Û¡V AÛ¡VmMo n¡b lrgX²Jwé Ÿ& ñdmZ§X gmJé A{Zdm©À` Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
Vmo H$s H$éUmH$é em§VrMm CXYr Ÿ& O`m R>m`t AmYr ì`mYr ZmhtŸ &&7Ÿ&&
Ho$db AmZ§Xy ^abm na_mZ§Xy Ÿ& eãX|drU g§dmXy hmo` OoW Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
Á`mMr ^oQ>r hmoVm§ _mdiVmo eãX Ÿ& Ho$di AmZ§X {ZO~moYy Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
Ë`mMo nXt Ord OmVm§{M eaU Ÿ& {ÌVmn Vo nyU© {Zdm[aVr Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
Vmo{M lrgX²Jwé ^ŠVOZmgmR>r§ Ÿ& àJQ>bm OJVt am_M§Ð Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
4_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

lr~m~m§Mm ^ŠV-g_mJ_ / 133

 lrgX²>Jéw ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm
lrAmB©gmho~ H¡$cmgdmgr Pmë`mda lr~m~m nyUV© `m {Zîàn§M hmoD$Z am{hco. H$Ý`m
{ddmh hmoD$Z nyduM gmgar Jocr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio H$mhr {eî`-^º$ Ë`m§Mr XoI^mc
H$arV AgV. lr~m~m§Zm _wimVM àn§MmVrc H$mhr ~§YZo ZìhVr d Or WmoS>r\$ma Zm__mÌ
hmoVr, Ë`m§VZy XoIrc AmVm Vo nyU© _wº$ Pmco hmoV.o
Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m OdiOdi Xadfu Amnë`m H$mhr {eî`_§S>itZm ~amo~a KoD$Z
Hw$R>Zo m Hw$R>o `mÌocm OmD$ cmJco. gmYmaUV: H$m{V©H$s nm¡{U©_m CcQ>cr H$s ~mhoa {ZKm`Mo
Agm [admOM nSy>Z Jocm. ~hþVHo $ `mÌm, {deofV: àma§^rÀ`m `mÌm gw_mao n§Yam {Xdgm§À`m
H$mcmdYrV nyU© hmoVrc, Aem ~oVmZoM Vo R>adrV AgV.
lrjoÌ A¸$cH$moQ>Mr `mÌm
gZ 1946-47 À`m gw_mamg lr~m~m§Zr n{hcr _moR>r `mÌm lrjoÌ A¸$cH$moQ>,
JmUJmnya, n§T>anya Aer Ho$cr. Ë`m `mÌoV Ë`m§À`mg_doV lr.am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a,
dmKmocrH$a, ~r.S>r.Hw$cH$Uu, em_gwX§ a naXoer D$\©$ {_ga, cmJy, Z.^m.H$mio, VioH$a
AmXr _§S>ir hmoVr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zrhr AJ{UV VrW©`mÌm Ho$ë`m na§Vw Ë`m gd©
EH$Q>çmZo qH$dm lrAmB©gmho~ (gm¡.OmZH$s~mB©) `m§À`mgh Ho$ë`m. lr~m~m§À`m~amo~a
Ë`m§Mo {eî` d ^º$_§S>itMm cdmO_m _moR>m Ago. `m _§S>it_wio Ë`m§Mr `mÌoV H$YrH$Yr
\$ma J¡agmo` hmoV Ago. nU Vo gd© H$mhr ghZ H$arV AgV.
A¸$cH$moQ>cm lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m g_m{Y_§{XamV gd© _§S>ir Xe©ZmgmR>r Jocr.
lr~m~m§Zr _§{XamV àdoe H$aVmM VoWo XadmOmV EH$ _mUyg C^m hmoVm. Ë`mZo nwT>o `oD$Z
lr~m~m§À`m MaUm§da S>mHo $o R>do co. lr~m~m Ë`m§À`m Zoh_rÀ`m CÝ_Z _Z:pñWVrV hmoV.o
Ë`m Bg_mH$S>o Z nmhmVmM _moR>çmZo åhUmco, ""Om, VwÂ`m Jwécm OmD$Z gm§J H$s nwÊ`mÀ`m
amdgmho~ ghò~wX>²Ü`m§Zr Vwcm gm§^mimd`mg gm§{JVco Amho.'' EdT>o ~mocZy lr~m~m
H$mhr nmdco nwT>o Joc.o BH$S>o Vmo Bg_ lr~m~m§Mo eãX H$mZr nS>VmM, AmZ§X JJZmV Z
_mdë`mà_mUo ZmMy, CS>çm _mê$ cmJcm. lr~m~m§À`m ~amo~a `mÌocm Amcoë`m _§S>itMo
Hw$Vyhc OmJ¥V Pmco Am{U WmoS>çm doimZo Ë`m§Zr Ë`m _Zwî`mcm ~mOycm KoD$Z Ë`mMr
gd© Mm¡H$er Ho$cr. Voìhm gd© àH$mamMm CcJS>m Pmcm. hm Bg_ ~aoM {Xdg lrñdm_r
g_WmªÀ`m g_mYrMr godm H$aÊ`mg A¸$cH$moQ> `oWo _w¸$m_ H$ê$Z hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`m JwéZo

134 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Ë`mcm H$mhr H$maUmZo hmH$cyZ {Xco hmoV.o Ë`m§da Vmo åhUmcm, ""gX²Jéw M § o MaU {XgmdoV
`m hoVyZo _r lrñdm_r g_WmªMr godm H$arV BWo Wm§~cmo hmoVmo. `oUmè`m OmUmè`m
gËnwéfm§À`m nm`mda S>mHo $o R>do m`Mo, Ë`m§Zm Amncr h{H$H$V EoH$dm`Mr. _ZmV Amem
EdT>rM H$s Hw$UmÀ`m Zm Hw$UmÀ`m Amerdm©XmZo nwÝhm gX²Jéw Amnë`mcm Odi H$aVrc.
nU ~hþVHo $ gËnwéfm§Zr Amerdm©X XoÊ`mnbrH$S>o Xwgao H$mhrM Ho$co Zmhr. Ë`m_wio _r
{Xdg|{Xdg {Zame hmoV Mmccmo hmoVmo. nU AmO lrñdm_r _hmamOm§Zm _mPr IamoIa
H$éUm Amcr, Ago åhQ>co nm{hOo. H$maU _r Vm§oS>mZo _mPo JmèhmUo gm§JÊ`mnyduM
lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:hÿZM BVŠ`m {Z:g§{X½Y eãXmV _mÂ`m gX²>²Jéw M § m XadmOm _mÂ`mgmR>r
_wº$ H$ê$Z {Xcm. AmVm _mPr ImÌr Amho H$s _mPo gX²>²Jéw _cm nwÝhm Aml` XoVrcM
XoVrc.''
EdT>r Agm_mÝ` B©œar gmj {_imë`mda Ë`m Bg_mZo CS>çm _maë`m ZgË`m Va
ZdcM. lr~m~m§Zrhr lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m godM o o _Ywa \$i Ë`m {eî`mcm XoD$Z lrñdm_r
Am{U AmnU `m§À`mVrc A^oXM crcm_mÌo Xe©{dcm Ago åhQ>co nm{hOo.
ñdm_r Am{U ~m~m Ÿ& Zmhr XmoZ OmUm Ÿ&
XmoÝhr R>m`r nyU© Ÿ& XÎm EH$ Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

A¸$cH$moQ> `oWo lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m _mVmoltMo df©lmÕ Ho$co. lmÕ{dYrMr nyVV© m

Pmë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§À`mOdi gd© _§S>ir ~gyZ hmoVr. lr~m~m§Zr ~mOycm Agcoë`m
EH$m Vm§ã`m^m§S>`mVrc nmUr gdmªZm ß`m`cm gm§{JVco. Ë`mà_mUo gdmªZr Vo nmUr àmeZ
Ho$co. nmUr ß`m`ë`mZ§Va Ë`m gdmªÀ`mV H$gcr Var Hw$O~yO gwê$ Pmcr. lr~m~m§Zr
{dMmaco, ""H$m` ao, H$m` åhUVm AmhmV ? Hw$O~yO H$gcr Mmccr Amho ?'' Hw$UrVar
gm§{JVco, ""nmÊ`mcm AÎmamMm gwJY§ `oV Amho. Ë`mMo Amåhm gdmªZm Amü`© dmQ>V
Amho.'' lr~m~m§Zr cJoMM Vm§ã`m ^m§S>o _mJyZ KoVco d Vm§ã`mVrc nmUr ZmH$mZo hþJ§ co
""Hw$R>o dmg `oVmo` AÎmamMm ?'' _cm Va H$gcmM dmg `oV Zmhr. ~Km, ~Km nwÝhm
dmg KoD$Z.'' àË`oH$mcm lr~m~m§Zr nwÝhm nmUr ß`m`cm cmdco. gmaoOU nmUr ß`m`co.
nU Ë`m doir Hw$UmcmM AÎmamMm dmg Amcm Zmhr. ~ao AÎmamMm dmg åhUOo H$mhr
BVH$m gyú_ ZìhVm H$s Vmo à`ËZnydH© $ KoD$ZgwÕm `oUma Zmhr Am{U _Kmer Pmcm Vmo
^mg åhUmdo Va Hw$Urhr EH$_oH$m§Zm gm§JÊ`mnydu, gdmªZm ñdV§ÌnUo Vmo dmg OmUdcm
hmoVm. lr~m~m§À`m Aem AJ{UV crcm ^º$m§Zm doimodi o r nmhmd`mg {_iV AgV.

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 135

 lrjoÌ JmUJmnya `oWo Ë`m§À`m g_doV Amcoë`m lr.am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a `m§Zm Ë`m§Zr,
""_r Vwåhmcm _méVr XoUma Amho,'' Ago gm§{JVco. Z§Va ZXrVyZ EH$ XJS> H$mTy>Z
Ë`m§À`m hmVmda R>do cm. {ZaIyZ nm{hco AgVm Ë`m XJS>mMm AmH$ma _méVrgmaIm
hmoVm Ago AmT>ico. lr.am_^mD§$Zr Vmo _méVr Amnë`mOdi gm§^miyZ R>do cm.
`mM `mÌoV eodQ>r, lr~m~m n§T>anyacm Joco hmoV.o VoWo Ë`m§Zr lr{dÇ>c-aIw_mBªMo
Xe©Z KoVco. lr~m~m§Zm nm§S>waJ§ mMo Jmo{Oao ê$n nmhmVmZm AmZ§XmÀ`m D$_vda D$_u `oV
hmoË`m. dma§dma nm§S>waJ§ mÀ`m MaUm§da _mWm R>do Zy Vo Ë`mMr H$éUm ^mH$sV hmoV.o ^md
XmQy>Z `oD$Z, ZoÌm§VZy AlyYmam dmhmV hmoË`m. EH$m hmVé_mcmV Ë`m§Zr nm§S>waJ§ mcm Úmd`mg
n¡go ~m§YZy AmUco hmoV.o é_mcmMr Vr nwaMwS§ >r AmoO § ir_Ü`o Yê$Z, lr~m~m nm§S>waJ§ mMr
""¿`m hmo ! ¿`m hmo !'' Aer {dZdUr H$arV hmoV.o nwT>o åhUV hmoV,o ""Xodm, Amåhr
Amnë`mcm H$m` XoUma ? Vw_Mm ^m§S>mar àË`j Hw$~oa AgVmZm Amåhr Amnë`mcm
Úmd§, Ag§ Am_À`mH$S>o AgUma Var H$m` ? Var nU AmVm Zmhr åhUy ZH$m. Am_Mr
J[a~mMr EdT>r ^oQ> R>do Zy ¿`m. Vwåhmcm AmdS>c o VoM ¿`m. nU H$mhrVar ¿`m.''
_wImZo nwÝhmnwÝhm Ago CX²>Jma H$mT>rV lr~m~m nm§S>waJ§ mÀ`m MaUr crZnUo ñVãY
Pmco. _J nm§S>waJ§ mcm gmï>mJ§ X§S>dV KmcyZ Jm^mè`mÀ`m ~mhoa Amco. `m `mÌoZV§ a
lr~m~m EH$Xm ^r_me§H$amÀ`m `mÌocm Joco hmoV.o Ë`m doir lr.OmoJioH$a, naXoer,
VioH$a BË`mXr _§S>ir hmoVr.
lram_oœa-_XwamB© `mÌm
1949 gmcr lr~m~m§Zr Zmoìh|~a _{hÝ`mV gw_mao 20-22 _§S>ir g_doV KoD$Z,
am_oœa-H$Ý`mHw$_mar, _XwamB© Aer `mÌm Ho$cr hmoVr. `mM `mÌoV _§Ìmc`, {Jar-~mcmOr,
ZmJaH$moEB©c, ewqMÐ_, {Ìd|Ð_, qMJcnoQ>, njrVrW© BË`mXr ñWmZm§Mho r Xe©Z KoVco.
am_oœacm OmVmZm _XwamB©À`m AbrH$S>o `m _§S>itMr _moQ>ma ~§X nS>cr. _Ü`amÌrMr
doi hmoVr. gdmªZr {dMma Ho$cm. BVŠ`m amÌr Xwgar _moQ>ma H$mhr {_iUma Zmhr, Voìhm
_XwamB©cm _w¸$m_ H$ê$Z Xwgè`m {Xder gH$mir H$mhrVar dmhZ {_imë`mg nmhmdo.
na§Vw lr~m~m hr Jmoï> _mÝ` H$arZmV. Ë`m§Zr ""AmÎmmM Xwgar _moQ>ma AmUm'' Agm hÅ>
Yacm. `m _§S>itMm S´>m`ìha gm§JV hmoVm, H$s AmÎmm `m doir Xwgar _moQ>ma {_iUo
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añË`mVM VmQ>H$iV C^r am{hcr. lr~m~m dma§dma {dMmarV hmoV,o ""H$m` Pmco ? Xwgar

136 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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BVŠ`mV M_ËH$ma Agm Pmcm H$s Ë`m {ZO©Z añË`mda EH$ AJXr nyU© [aH$m_r ~g OUy
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lr~m~m§Mr hr AJå` crcm nmhÿZ gd© _§S>ir W¸$ Pmcr.
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EH$M Pw~§ S> CS>mcr.
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~m~m, AmVm cdH$a JmS>rV ~gm. {g¾cgwÕm nS>cm Amho. S>ã`mV ~gcmV Va ~a§ hmoBc © .''
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Mm _wÔm Vm~S>Vmo~ {ZH$mcmV H$mT>cm. Vo åhUmco, ""{V{H$Q>o Amnë`mOdi
R>do cr åhUOo Pmco ! JmS>r H$m`, EH$ Jocr, Va _mJmhÿZ Xwgar `oBc © M Zm ?'' ZwgVo Ago
åhQ>c,o BVHo$M Zìho Va, ñdV: AJXr {Zdm§V, ßc°Q>\$m°_d© a C^o am{hco. Vmo _Zwî` {gJmaoQ>
KoD$Z Amcm. Ë`mZ§Va Vr em§VnUo noQ>{dcr; AmoT>cr. g§nUy © {gJmaoQ> AmoT>yZ Pmë`mZ§Va Vo
gmdH$me JmS>rV ~gco. Amü`© åhUOo {eÅ>r XoD$Z Pmë`mdagwÕm JmS>r OdiOdi 10-
15 {_{ZQ>o lr~m~m§gmR>r Wm§~Zy hmoVr.

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 137

 lrJmoH$U©-_hm~ioœa `mÌm
lrJmoH$U© _hm~ioœaÀ`m `mÌoV lr~m~m Am{U gd© _§S>ir joÌmVrc CnmÜ`m`
lr.OmoJioH$a `m§À`m Kar CVacocr hmoVr. ho do._y.OmoJioH$a A{¾hmoÌr hmoVo. Ë`m_wio
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o hdZ dm Bï>rgmR>r A¾r {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r AaUr-_§Wm `m gm{hË`m§Mm
Cn`moJ Ho$cm OmV Ago. hr _§S>ir Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Jocr, Ë`mM {Xder Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Bï>r
ìhmd`mMr hmoVr. na§Vw ~amM doi IQ>nQ>, _ohZV H$ê$ZgwÕm A¾r {Z_m©U hmoB©Zm.
AaUr_YyZ Yya nwîH$i `oB©. na§Vw A¾rMr {R>UJr _mÌ nS>oZm. Iyn n[al_ H$ê$Z Vo
~«m÷U eodQ>r WH$co. A¾r àH$Q> hmoV Zmhr ho g_OVmM lr~m~m VoWo ghO, nmhmd`mg
åhUyZ Joco.
lr~m~m§Mo nmD$c Ë`m {R>H$mUr nS>VmjUrM, EH$X_ Ë`m AaUr_YyZ {R>U½`m
~mhoa nS>ë`m d A¾r àH$Q> Pmcm. gdmªZr ""lrA{¾Zmam`U _hmamO H$s O` !'' Agm
O`O`H$ma Ho$cm. do._y. OmoJioH$a `m§Zm hm M_ËH$ma nmhÿZ \$maM AmZ§X Pmcm
Am{U Ë`m§À`m _ZmV lr~m~m§À`m~Ôc nyÁ` ^mdZm {Z_m©U Pmcr. _J lr~m~m§Zm
Ë`m§Zr gdmªgh ^moOZmg `oÊ`m{df`r àmW©Zm Ho$cr. Ë`m {Xder OdiOdi Vrg
_mUgm§Zm do._y.OmoJioH$a `m§Zr ñdIMm©Zo ~w§XrÀ`m cmS>dm§Mo ^moOZ H$a{dco. lr~m~m§Zr
Amnë`m Kar MaUYyi PmS>cr `m~Ôc Ë`m§Zr \$ma AmZ§X ì`º$ Ho$cm.
Xwgè`m {Xder lr~m~m§Zr lrJmoH$U©-_hm~ioœaÀ`m qcJmMr nyOm d A{^foH$
Ho$cm. ñdV: lr~m~m gmodio ZogZy Ë`m {Xder A{^foH$mcm ~gco hmoV.o
{gÕQ>Ho $Mr `mÌm
gZ 1947-48_Ü`o lr~m~m Aï>{dZm`H$m§nH¡ $s lrjoÌ {gÕQ>Ho $ `oWo ^ŠV_§S>itgh
Jobo hmoVo. lr. am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a, Am§~oH$a nVr-nËZr, S>m°. ZmZmgmho~ _amR>o, ~r.S>r.
Hw$bH$Uu, {_ga, Zmam`U bmJy, {Z_m JwßVo dJ¡ao _§S>ir hmoVr. nwÊ`mhÿZ gd© _§S>ir
aoëdoZo Xm¢S>À`m AbrH$S>o ""~moar~ob'' ñQ>e
o Zbm CVabr d {gÕQ>Ho $bm nm`rM {ZKmbr.
VoWZy {gÕQ>Ho $ nmMghm _¡bmda Amho. dmQ>Vo M EH$ ~moarMo dZ hmoV.o
lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""ho ~XardZ Amho.'' _J ñdV: EH$ ~moa VmoSy>Z MmIbo d
BVam§Zm åhUmbo, ""hm _odm ¿`m Am{U Im !'' dmQ>Vo EH$m Am¡X~§w ad¥jmImbr lr~m~m
WmoS>m doi {dgmdbo. ""H$m§ Wm§~bmV ?'' åhUyZ {dMmabo Va CÎma {Xbo, ""MhmMr doi
Pmbr.'' gd© _Zmer {dMma H$ê$ bmJbo, BWo MhmMr gmo` H$er H$m` H$aUma ?
BVŠ`mV JmdMm nmQ>rb, AmnUhÿZ _§S>itgmR>r Mhm KoD$Z Ambm. gd©OU Mhm {nD$Z
138 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm
VmOoVdmZo Pmbo. nwT>o dmQ>Vo ^r_m ZXr bmJbr. ZXrVyZ nm`CVma hmoD$Z OmVmZm lr~m~m
åhUmbo, ""JwS>Km^a nmÊ`mnojm OmñV Imob nmÊ`mV Om`Mo Zmhr.'' ñdV: JwS>Km^a
nmÊ`mV C^o am{hbo Am{U AmH$memH$S>o nmhÿZ Imbr dmH$bo Am{U ZXrVyZ H$mhrVar
CMbyZ {IemV R>do bo.
amÌr gdmªZr {gÕQ>Ho $ `oWo XodimVM _wŠH$m_ R>mHo $bm. VoWrb nwOmè`mZo gH$mir
`m _§S>itZm EH$ _moR>m h§S>m ^ê$Z ñZmZmgmR>r nmUr VmndyZ {Xbo. lr~m~m§Zm {dMmabo,
""AmnU Am§Kmoirbm MbVm H$m ?'' lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""_r åhmVmam Amho. _bm
Am§Kmoi gmogV Zmhr. ~mH$sMo H$aVrb.'' lr~m~m _J ZXrÀ`m nmÌmV JwS>¿`mEdT>çm
nmÊ`mV C^o am{hbo Am{U gy`©Zmam`Umbm A¿`©XmZ Ho$bo. nmÊ`m~mhoa `oD$Z åhUmbo,
""AmO M§Ð^mJoV Am§Kmoi Pmbr.'' ZXrÀ`m Vramda Amë`mda VoWo Agboë`m VrZ
nwamVZ g_mÜ`m§Mo gdmªZr Xe©Z KoVbo. lr~m~m _Yë`m g_mYrOdi OmD$Z C^o am{hbo
Am{U åhUmbo ""H$m` R>rH$ Amho Zm ?''
_J gd© _§S>ir lrJOmZZmÀ`m _hmnyOogmR>r _§{XamV Jobr. _hmnyOobm `m gd©
_§S>ir§V\}$ lr.~r.S>r.Hw$bH$Uu ~gbo hmoVo. lr~m~m nyOm AÜ`m©da Ambobr AgVmZm
_Ü`oM CRy>Z ~mhoa A§JUmV `oD$Z C^o am{hbo. lr. d gm¡.Am§~oH$a Ë`m§À`m _mJmo_mJ
~mhoa Ambo. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr {dMmabo, ""Xod~mßnm nmhm`Mm` H$m` ?'' Ë`m§Zr
"hmo' åhQ>ë`mda lr~m~m gw_mao Xhm {_{ZQ>o Hw$UmMr Var dmQ> nmhmdr Aem Am{d^m©dmV
VoWoM C^o hmoVo. BVŠ`mM nm§T>am ñdÀN> nohamd Ho$bobr H$moUr EH$ VoO:nw§O _yVu
nm`è`m MTy>Z XodimH$S>o `oVmZm Ñï>rg nS>br. lr~m~m bJoM YmdV Jobo. Ë`m
ì`ŠVrZo d lr~m~m§Zr EH$_oH$m§g {_R>r _mabr. lr.Am§~oH$am§Zr XmoKm§Zm Z_ñH$ma
Ho$bm. Z§Va nwÝhm EH$Xm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m ì`ŠVrbm ÑT> AqbJZ {Xbo Am{U Vr
ì`ŠVr Jm^mè`mV {eabr. lr. Am§~oH$a Hw$VyhbmZo Jm^mè`mV Ë`m ì`ŠVrbm emoYH$
ZOaoZo nmhÿ bmJbo. na§Vw Vr ì`ŠVr ZOaog nS>br Zmhr. Jm^mè`mbm EH$M XadmOm
Agë`mZo, Vr ì`ŠVr nwÝhm ~mhoa Ambr Zmhr `mMr Ë`m§Zm ImÌr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio
Ë`m§Mr Mwi~wi dmT>br. lr~m~m eoOmarM hmoVo, ""Aao BH$S>o{VH$S>o H$m` nmhmVmo`g
? JUnVrÀ`m ~|~rV nmhm.'' lr.Am§~oH$am§À`m Amü`m©bm nmamda Cabm Zmhr. H$maU
_Kmer nm{hbr Vr VoO:nw§O ì`ŠVr, AmgZ KmbyZ lrJOmZZmÀ`m Zm{^ñWmZr
Ü`mZñW ~gbobr Ë`m§Zm {Xgbr.
nyOm Pmë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Zr {IemVyZ EH$ H$m§Xm H$mTy>Z {Xbm d åhUmbo, ""`m
H$m§ÚmMo {nR>bo H$am Am{U Xodmbm Z¡dÚ o XmIdm.'' {nR>bo Am{U Jyi `m§Mm Z¡dÚ o

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 139

XmI{dbm. àgmX J«hU H$aVmZm lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""BWë`m {nR>ë`mVrb H$m§Xm Imëë`mZo
\$ma AŠH$b `oV.o ''
naV `oVmZm ~amo~aMr _§S>ir {ZKÊ`mMr \$ma KmB© H$ê$ bmJbr. JmS>r 3-45
bm hmoVr. lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""JmS>r 4-45 bm `oB©b.'' na§Vw KmB©KmB©Zo Ë`m _§S>itZr
EH$ ~¡bJmS>r R>a{dbr d {ZKmbo.
~¡bJmS>rV lr~m~m ñdV: JmS>rdmZmÀ`m OmJoda ~gbo Am{U Ë`mbm nmR>r_mJo ~gm`bm
gm§{JVbo. AmnU {gJmaoQ> AmoT>rV hmoV.o ~¡bm§Mm H$mgam ñdV:À`m Jù`mV AS>H$dyZ
KoVbm hmoVm Am{U g§WnUo ~¡bJmS>r MmbV hmoVr. _§S>ir JmS>r MwH$Uma åhUyZ ~oMZ¡
Pmbr hmoVr. nU lr~m~m§Zr Hw$UmMrM XIb KoVbr Zmhr. ~¡bJmS>r ñQ>e o ZmOdi nmohmoMbr,
Voìhm 4-45 dmObo hmoV.o aoëdoJmS>r ñQ>e o ZmV {eaVmZm {XgV hmoVr. _§S>itMr JmS>r
nH$S>Ê`mgmR>r Ymdni gwê$ Pmbr. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zr bJoM \$Q>H$mabo, ""Vw_Mo Am_Mo
O_m`Mo Zmhr. Vwåhr Am_À`m_Ü`o nSy> ZH$m.'' lr~m~m AJXr {Zdm§VnUo ñQ>e o ZmV Job.o
JmS>r gdmªÀ`m S>mù o `mXoIV {ZKyZ Jobr. nwT>Mr JmS>r Xwgè`m {Xder nhmQ>o 4 dmOVm
Agë`mMo H$ië`mda gd© {\${H$arV nS>b.o na§Vw ñQ>e o Z_mñVaZo `m _§S>itMr {dMmanyg
H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr EH$ amÌ, eoOmar {_{bQ>arMo VrZ [aH$m_o V§~y hmoV,o Ë`m_Ü`o gmo` H$ê$Z {Xbr.
amÌr W§S>r Iyn nS>br hmoVr. gd© _§S>ir V§~yV Pmonbr. lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""_r
"OmJë`m' hmoUma Amho. Vw_À`mn¡H$s Hw$Umbm OmJë`m ìhm`Mo Agob Ë`m§Zr
_mÂ`m~amo~a ~gm.'' _J lr. Am§~oH$a nVr-nËZr lr~m~m§À`m ~mOybm OmJV ~gbr.
EH$ eoH$moQ>r noQ>{dbr Am{U {VKo eoH$V ~gbo. amÌr 12 dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg,
lr~m~m EH$X_ åhUmbo, ""ZmJmo~m Ambm !'' ho XmoKo ^rVrZo BH$S>o{VH$S>o nmhÿ bmJbo,
Va H$mhr {Xgbo Zmhr. XmoZVrZ {_{ZQ>m§Zr lr~m~m§À`m AJXr g_moa EH$ {ndù`m
a§JmMm _ZJQ>mEdT>m OmS> ZmJ doQ>moio KmbyZ, \$Um H$mTy>Z ~gbobm Ë`m§Zm {Xgbm.
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mbm Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm d ""H$m` ZmJmo~m, R>rH$ Amho Zm ?'' åhUyZ
{dMmabo. _J åhUmbo `mbm àgmX H$am. Voìhm gm¡.Am§~Ho $a `m§Zr Ë`m eoH$moQ>rdaM
{~ZXwYmMm Mhm Ho$bm. Vmo EH$m M_À`mV KoD$Z lr~m~m§Zr ZmJmo~mnwT>o Yabm. Voìhm
ZmJmZo Or^ H$mTy>Z WmoS>mgm MmIbm. M_À`mV {eëbH$ am{hbobm Mhm lr~m~m§Zr
ñdV: KoVbm d Ë`m XmoKm§Zm {Xbm d åhUmbo, ""hm \$ma _moR>m àgmX Amho, ¿`m !'' _J
H$moQ>mÀ`m {IemV hmV KmbyZ, gH$mir ZXrVyZ CMbyZ KoVbobm ñd`§^y JUnVr H$mT>Zy
gm¡.Am§~Ho $am§Zm {Xbm.
nhmQ>oÀ`m JmS>rZo gd© _§S>ir nwÊ`mg naVbr.

140 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr _hm~ioœaMr `mÌm
gZ 1950À`m Xaå`mZ lr~m~m gw_mao 20-22 _§S>itZm ~amo~a KoD$Z
_hm~ioœabm Jobo hmoV.o Xwnmar 4 dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg gd© _§S>ir VoWo nmohmoMbr.
bm°O_Ü`o gm_mZgw_mZ R>odyZ gd© _§S>ir gy`m©ñVmMr emo^m nmhmÊ`mgmR>r ""~m±~o nm°BªQ>''
`m {R>H$mUr Job.o VoWo Joë`mda hdoVrb JmaR>çm_wio lr~m~m amJmdyZ åhUmbo, ""Agë`m
W§S>rV _bm BWo H$embm AmUboV ? Vm~S>Vmo~ naV Om`bm _moQ>ma ~Km, AmnU
nwÊ`mbm OmD$`m !'' ~amo~aÀ`m _§S>itZr Ë`m§Mo _Z di{dÊ`mMm Iyn à`ËZ Ho$bm,
nU Vo {~bHy$b EoH$Ê`mÀ`m _Z:pñWVrV ZìhVo. eodQ>r JmS>rMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mg
H$mhr _§S>ir Jobr, nU EH$hr JmS>r nwÊ`mH$S>o OmUmar Zgë`m_wio {Zénm` hmoD$Z
gd©OU hmV hmbdrV naV Ambr. lr~m~m§Zm gmar h{H$H$V gm§JyZ ""AmnU CÚm
OmD$`m'' Ago åhQ>ë`mda lr~m~m em§V am{hbo. lr~m~m§Zr naV OmÊ`mMm AmJ«h H$m
Mmb{dbm ho nwT>o H$iUma hmoV.o
Xwgè`m {Xder _hm~ioœaMm n[aga d {ZgJ©emo^m nmhmÊ`mgmR>r XmoZ _moQ>mar
R>a{dë`m. _moQ>marVyZ {\$aV AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m _moQ>marMr Xwgè`m EH$m JmS>rMr Q>ŠH$a
Pmbr. _moR>mM AnKmV hmoUma hmoVm, na§Vw lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo Hw$Umg BOm-XwImnV Z
hmoVm gd©OU ~Mmdbo. lr~m~m§Zr JmS>rVyZ CVê$Z gdmªMr Mm¡H$er Ho$br. Hw$Umbm
bmJbo dJ¡ao Zmhr ho nmhÿZ Vo åhUmbo, ""`m S´>m`ìhaÀ`m H¥$noZo AmnU AnKmVmVyZ
~Mmdbmo, Voìhm `mMr AmnU nyOm H$ê$`m.'' Vmo S´>m`ìha Jm|YiyZ Jobm. _J lr~m~m§Zr
_§S>itZm nyOM o r gm_J«r AmUm`bm nmR>{dbo Am{U ^ŠVm§H$Sy>Z Ë`mÀ`m nm`mda nmUr
AmoVZy , \w$bo dmhÿZ, Ë`mbm na_oœa _mZyZ Ë`mMr nyOm H$a{dbr. Vmo S´>m`ìha lr~m~m§Mo
ho bmoH${dbjU dV©Z nmhÿZ AmoemiyZ Jobm. lr~m~m gd© _§S>irgh _hm~ioœa `oWo
AmUIr WmoS>o {Xdg am{hbo. Vmo S´>m`ìha Ë`m§Mm _wŠH$m_ Agon`ªV amoO lr~m~m§À`m
Xe©ZmgmR>r `oV Ago d Amnë`m _moQ>marVyZ Ë`m§Zm {\$am`bm KoD$Z OmV Ago.
lr _ohoa~m~m§Mo XmoZ én`o R>odyZ KoVbo
_hm~ioœaMr KQ>Zm lr _ohao ~m~m `m§À`m EoH$Ê`mV Ambr d Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§À`m
Xe©Zmbm AmnU `oV AmhmoV Aer {MÇ>r nmR>{dbr. EH$ {Xdg gm`§H$mir Mma dmOVm lr
_ohao ~m~m d ~amo~a Ë`m§Mr H$mhr ^ŠV _§S>ir Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Kar Ambo.
lr~m~m Amnë`m JmXrda ñdñW ~gyZ hmoV.o lr _ohao ~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m MaUm§da
_ñVH$ R>do Zy d§XZ Ho$bo. Z§Va lr~m~m§À`m hmVmV lr\$i d nmM H$bXma én`o R>do bo.

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 141

lr~m~m§Zr Vo én`o hmVmV KoD$Z {ZaIbo d Ë`mVrb VrZ én`o lr _ohao ~m~m§Zm àgmX
åhUyZ naV Ho$bo d ""Aao, Ë`m nmaí`mMo XmoZ én`o Amnë`m noQ>rV amhÿ XoV ~ao H$m !''
Ago åhUyZ R>odm`bm {Xbo. _J lr _ohoa~m~m§À`m ~amo~a Amboë`m Ë`m§À`m EH$m ^ŠVmZo
lr~m~m d lr _ohoa~m~m `m XmoKm§Mm EH${ÌV \$moQ>mo H$mT>bm. Ë`mZ§Va gd© _§S>ir naV
Jobr. lr _ohoa~m~m§Mo _m¡Z Agë`m_wio XmoKm§Mo g§^mfU dJ¡ao H$mhr Pmbo Zmhr.
`m _hm~ioœaÀ`m `mÌoZV§ a gd© _§S>ir dmB© d Ymo_ `oWho r OmD$Z Ambr. Ymo_bm
H¥$îUm ZXrV ñZmZ Ho$bo. AMmZH$ Ë`m§Zr {dMmabo, ""Aao Amnë`m O`harMr `_wZm
Hw$R>o amhmVo ~Km !'' O`har åhUOo lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo ^ŠV Am{U ì`dgm`mZo
Zm{nV Agë`m_wio lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo í_ly H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ Vo _moR>çm ^pŠV^mdmZo
H$arV AgV. lr~m~m§Mo Ë`m§À`mda Jwé~§Yy `m ZmË`mZo \$ma ào_ hmoVo. `m O`har VWm
lr.har Zmam`U OmYd `m§Mr _wbJr `_wZm, {hMo gmga Ymo_bm hmoV.o Ë`m_wio Ymo_bm
`oVmM lr~m~m§Zm {VMr AmR>dU Pmbr. bJoM Mm¡H$er H$am`bm nmR>dZy `_wZM o o Ka
emoYZy H$mT>m`bm bmdbo Am{U {VÀ`m Kar Job.o àË`j lr~m~m Amnë`m Kar Am{U
BVŠ`m _§S>itg_doV Ambobo nmhÿZ, `_wZM o r JS>~S> CS>mbr. na§Vw Ë`m doir Iar
H$_mb lr~m~m§H$S>o nmhÿZ gdmªZm dmQ>br. `_wZÀo `m Kar Joë`mda Ë`m EdT>çmem nmoagdXm
_wbrÀ`m nm`mda _ñVH$ R>do Zy lr~m~m§Zr Ooìhm Z_ñH$ma KmVbm, Voìhm {VÀ`m gmgaMr
_§S>ir Amü`m©Zo WŠH$ Pmbr. `_wZobm EH$sH$S>o lr~m~m§À`m `m Jwé^ŠVrÀ`m
Am{dîH$mamZo Amoemië`mgmaIo Pmbo. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zm Vr AmoiIrV Agë`m_wio,
Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m Kar nm`Yyi PmS>br BVHo$M Zìho Va EdT>r Wmoa {d^yVr AmnUhÿZ,
Ho$di Jwé~§YyMr _wbJr åhUyZ AmË_r`VoZo Amnbr {dMmanyg H$aVo, `m Om{UdoZo
{Vbm AJXr J{hdê$Z Ambo. hr h{H$H$V O`hatZm H$ië`mda Ë`m§Mho r A§V:H$aU
^ê$Z Ambo d åhUmbo, ""Amåhr hrZ `mVrVrb Am{U lr~m~m AdVmar nwéf, nU
Ë`m§Zr _mÂ`m _wbrda BVH$m AZwJ«h H$amdm `mgmaIo Xwgao ^m½` AmUIr H$moUVo ?''
OoWoOoWo gX²Jwé§Mm g§~§Y nmohmoMV Ago VoWoVoWo lr~m~m§Zm gX²Jwé§Mo Xe©Z KS>V Ago.
lrjoÌ JmUJmnyaMr `mÌm
gZ 1952 _Ü`o bhmZ_moR>çm ~mdrg _§S>itgh lr~m~m _amR>dmS>çmÀ`m `mÌogmR>r
~mhoa nS>bo. {X. 5 Zmoìh|~a Vo 19 Zmoìh|~an`ªV lr~m~m§Mr hr `mÌm Mmbbr.
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d¡OZmW, Am¢T>çm ZmJZmW, K¥îUoœa (doê$i), n¡R>U, Zodmgo Aem AZoH$ VrW©jÌo r

142 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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gH$mir JmUJmnya `oWo nmohmoMbr. JmUJmnyabm lr~m~m§gh gd© _§S>ir {MXmZ§X
Y_©emio_Ü`o CVabr hmoVr. gmo~VÀ`m _§S>ir_Ü`o dmKmobrH$a, lr_Vr JmS>Jri,
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~imdyZ, àH¥$Vr EH$mEH$s {M§VmOZH$ Pmbr. gdmªÀ`m nmoQ>mV Jmoim Ambm H$s AmVm
`m§Mo H$mhrVar ~aodmB©Q> KS>bo Va `mÌoÀ`m gwédmVrgM gJim {dag hmoUma. CnMma
hmoV hmoV,o nU H$emZoM Amam_ nS>Zo m.
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lr.Xoenm§S>çm§À`m AmB©Mr AdñWm {~H$Q> {XgV Agë`mMr h{H$H$V lr~m~m§À`m H$mZmda
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R>do bo. nwÝhm Hw$UrVar åhUmbo, ""Ë`m§Mr ~hþVHo $ YS>JV {XgV Zmhr.'' `mda lr~m~m
{Z{d©H$manUo åhUmbo, ""Ag§ H$m ! dmB©Q> H$m` ? JmUJmnyabm _aU `oUo Mm§JboM Amho.
AZm`mgo ^r_m-A_aOm g§J_mV Ë`m§À`m AñWr {dg{O©V H$aVm `oBb © .''
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nadmZJr ¿`mdr `m hoVZy o lr~m~m§H$S>o `oD$Z C^o amhmVmV VmoM Ë`m§Zm H$mhr ~moby Z
XoVmM lr~m~m§Zr Amkm Ho$br, ""Amnë`mbm g§J_mda Om`M§` Zm. Mbm, VwÂ`m
AmB©bmgwÕm KoD$Z OmD$. ~¡bJmS>r H$am {VÀ`mgmR>r !''
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nm`r g§J_mda {ZKmbr. g§J_mda nmXwH$m§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z Z§Va fQ>H$w b VrWm©V ñZmZ
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H$am`bm gm§{JVbo. lr~m~m§Zr \$ŠV nmXàjmbZ H$ê$Z KoVbo. Z§Va lr~m~m BVa _§S>itZm
KoD$Z ^ñ_mÀ`m S>m|Jamda Jobo. Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo lr.Xoenm§S>çm§À`m AmB©À`m
àH¥$Vrbm Ë`m jUmnmgyZ bJoM Amam_ nSy> bmJbm Am{U H$gbmhr A{YH$ CnMma Z
H$aVmM {Vbm ~ao dmQ>bo Am{U {VZo g§nU y © `mÌm nwar Ho$br.

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 143

 nwT>o ~mer© `oWrb _wŠH$m_r lr~m~m§Zr lr.Xoenm§S>Z| m noT>o Imd`mg {Xbo d gm§{JVbo,
""Amåhr Am_À`m _mVmoltMo lmÕ CaHy$Z KoVbo.'' Voìhm lr.Xoenm§S>À| `m S>mŠo `mV àH$me
nS>bm H$s, lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m AmB©Mm _¥Ë`yM naV{dbm. ~amo~aMr gd© _§S>irgwÕm,
Ë`m§À`m Vã`oVrVrb gwYmaUm nmhÿZ Amü`©M{H$V Pmbr.
JmUJmnyaÀ`m `mÌoV lr~m~m§Zr gdmªZm Amnë`m gm_Ï`m©Mr EH$ MwUHy $ XmI{dbr.
lr~m~m d ~amo~aMr _§S>ir Á`m {MXmZ§X Y_©emioV CVabr hmoVr, VoWo OdiM "gVrMm
H$Å>m' Amho. VoWZy Imbr Joë`mda Omo KmQ> Amho, Ë`mbm lrnmXVrW© Ago åhUVmV.
gH$miMr doi hmoVr. gd© _§S>ir ñZmZmgmR>r nm`è`m CVaV hmoVr. lr~m~m KmQ>mÀ`m
AmoQ>çmda ~gbobo hmoV.o EH$mEH$s Ë`m§Zr {dMmabo, ""ZXrÀ`m n¡bVramdaMr dmiy-aoVr
_mÂ`mH$[aVm H$moU KoD$Z `oBb © ?'' gd©OU ñVãY am{hbo. BVŠ`mV lr.AÊUm Xoenm§S>o
g_moa Z_ñH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r C^o hmoVo Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr Amkm Ho$br H$s, ""Om n¡bVramda
OmD$Z aoVr KoD$Z `m.'' Ë`m§Mr AdñWm {~H$Q> Pmbr. H$maU EH$ åhUOo Ë`m§Zm nmohVm
`oV ZìhVo Am{U ZwH$VmM nmdgmim gabobm Agë`m_wio ZXrbm nmUr ^anya hmoV.o
nmÌmV dmiynj o m {MIbmMo à_mU OmñV Agë`m_wio Ë`mV éVÊ`mÀ`m ^rVrZo AZw^dr
_Zwî`mg gwÕm nmohVmZm gmdY{JarMm Bemam XoÊ`mV `oV Ago. Xwgar AS>MU åhUOo
lr.Xoenm§S>Z| m Q>mp° ÝgbÀ`m Ìmgm_wio nmÊ`mV CVaë`mda œmgmoÀN>dmg H$aUohr AdKS>
OmV Ago. Aem n[apñWVrV gX²Jéw M § r Amkm _moS>Ê`mMm Xmof `oD$ Z`o åhUyZ nmÊ`mV
CVamdo Va Ordmda ~oVÊ`mMo g§H$Q> Am{U Z Omdo Va gX²Jéw M § r Amkm Z nmië`mMo nmn
_mÏ`mda ¿`mdo bmJVo, Aem H$mÌrV Vo gmnS>b.o Ë`m§À`m AmB©bm H$iVmM Vr ^rVrZo
hdmb{Xb Pmbr. namonarZo _wbmMr g_OyV KmbÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. ""lr~m~m§Zr Vwbm
J_VrZo åhQ>bo Agob. Vy IamoIa OmÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. Vwbm nmohVm `oV Zmhr
Am{U ZXrbm nmUr {H$VrVarM {XgV§`. Vy H$gm OmD$ eH$erb ?''
eodQ>r Vo lr.H$mio `m§À`mOdi Jobo d gd© n[apñWVr gm§{JVbr. lr.H$mi|Zm nmohVm
`oV hmoV.o Vo åhUmbo, ""Vwåhr lr~m~m§À`m AmkoMo nmbZ H$amM. _r Vwåhmbm gmo~V
åhUyZ n¡bVramn`ªV `oVmo.'' lr~m~m§Zm Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z XmoKo ZXrV CVabo. H$mhr nmdbo
nwT>o OmVmM nm`mbm {MIb bmJbm. nm` JmimV éVy bmJbo. nmUr nwT>no Tw >o Omdo Vgo
dmT>V dmT>V Jù`mnmdoVmo `oD$Z nmohmoMbo. AOyZ EH$MVwWmªe XoIrb A§Va nma Ho$bo
ZìhVo. nm` pñWa amhUo H$R>rU dmQy> bmJbo. AmUIr EH$XmoZ nmdbm§VM nmUr
ZmH$mVm|S>mV OmD$Z AmnU ~wS>Uma Ago dmQy>Z lr.Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr lr~m~m§À`mH$S>o nmR>r
diyZ nm{hbo. lr~m~m em§VnUo `m XmoKm§H$S>o EH$Q>H$ nmhmV hmoV.o Ë`m§Mr Ñï>r `m XmoKm§da

144 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

BVH$s pñWa Pmbr hmoVr H$s nmnUrgwÕm bdV ZìhVr. lr~m~m§Mo bj Amnë`mH$S>M o
Amho ho nmhÿZ Ë`m§Zm WmoS>m Yra Ambm d Vo EHo$H$ nmD$b nwT>o Q>mHy$ bmJbo. lr~m~m§Mo
ñ_aU H$arV, H$arV XmoKo nwT>o OmD$ bmJbo Va M_ËH$ma Agm KS>bm H$s {H$Vrhr nwT>o
Omdo Var nmUr Vm|S>mÀ`m nmVirÀ`m da EH$ B§MgwÕm OmB©Zm. XmoKm§Zm _moR>o Zdb
dmQ>b.o ZXrV nmUr {Z{üVM nwéf^amhÿZ OmñV Imob Agm`bm hdo hmoV.o nU VgoM
MmbV MmbV lr.AÊUm Xoenm§S>o d H$mio n¡bVrambm nmohmoMbo. {VWbr dmiy ~amo~a
KoVbr Am{U nwÝhm Ogo Ambo VgoM, MmbVMmbV ZXrMo nmÌ Amobm§S>b.o `oVmZmhr
nwÝhm VmoM AZw^d. nmUr dmT>VdmT>V Im§ÚmÀ`m da Ambo, nU Vm|S>mV Z OmVm nmVir
VoWM o pñWa Pmbr. g_moaÀ`m {H$Zmè`mda ho XmoKo {ZKVmZm lr~m~m Á`m pñWVrV ~gbobo
hmoVo, VgoM EH$Q>H$ `m§À`mH$S>o nmhmV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm nmhÿZ XmoKm§Zm Yra Ambm d {Z^©`nUo
naV Ambo. KmQ>mÀ`m nm`è`m MTy>Z lr.Xoenm§S>o da Jobo d lr~m~m§À`m MaUm§da S>moHo$
R>do bo Am{U n¡bVramdê$Z AmUbobr dmiy nwT>o Ho$br.
""dm ! N>mZ, N>mZ ! hr kmZd¡am½`mMr aoVr Amho. _mÂ`m H$nmir bmdm. Vwåhr
gdmªZmXoIrb bmdm,'' lr~m~m§Zr AmZ§XmZo gdmªZm gm§{JVbo. lr.AÊUm Xoenm§S>çm§À`m
S>mù o `mV AmZ§Xmly Ambo.
gX²Jé
w ~m~m§Zr CR>dmoZ Ë`m§grŸ& d§{Xbo aoVrgr Yê$Zr ^mbtŸ&&
kmZ-d¡am½`mMr Ago hr H$s¨ aoVrŸ& bm^m ^mimàVr gH${iH$Ÿ&&
(g§{jßV gX²Jwé-M[aÌ 11:288-289)
lr.AÊUm Xoenm§S>o gX²Jwé§À`m H¥$noZo hr EH$ H$gmoQ>rM CÎmrU© Pmbo.
lr.am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a `m§Zm EH$Xm lr~m~m§À`m ~amo~a lre¡b `mÌobm OmÊ`mMm
`moJ àmßV Pmbm. lre¡b nd©V MT>Ê`mÀ`m doir Vo lr~m~m§Zm åhUmbo, ""AmnU
S>mobr R>ady `m åhUOo Amnë`mbm ~ao nS>ob.'' lr~m~m H$mhrM ~mobbo ZmhrV.
OmoJioH$am§Zr S>mbo r R>a{dbr, nU lr~m~m ~gm`bm V`ma hmoBZ© mV. eodQ>r åhUmbo,
""Vy AJmoXa ~¡g Am{U H$m` hmoVo Vo nmhm.''
Ë`m§À`m AmkoZgw ma lr.OmoJioH$a S>mb
o rV ~gbo _mÌ Am{U Ë`mM jUr Vr ~m§~My r S>mb
o r
H$mS>H$Z² _moS>br ! Z§Va Xwgar S>mb
o r AmUë`mda _mÌ lr~m~m AmZ§XmZo {VÀ`mV ~gbo.
`m lre¡bÀ`m `mÌoV lr~m~m EH$m C§M XJS>mda, EH$ nm` _m§S>rda KoD$Z
lrgmB©~m~m§À`m gwà{gÕ ~¡R>H$sà_mUo ~gbo hmoVo. lr.OmoJioH$am§Zm BÀN>m Pmbr H$s
lr~m~m§À`m `m pñWVr_Ü`o \$moQ>mo H$mT>mdm. Ë`m§Zr _ZmV {dMma `oVmM VrZ-Mma \$moQ>mo

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 145

H$mT>bo Am{U nwÊ`mbm Amë`mda nwT>rb à{H«$`ogmR>r {\$ë_ ñQw>{S>AmoV {Xbr. na§Vw
Amü`© Ago H$s Ë`mVrb EHy$UEH$ \$moQ>mV| lr~m~m dJiyZ BVa gd© n[agamMoM {MÌ
C_Q>bo hmoV.o Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr {Zamem Pmbr. na§Vw Z§Va EH$Xm lr~m~m§À`m Kar Vo Jobo
AgVmZm lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""Vwåhmbm \$moQ>mo hdm Zm ? {VWo H$mnS>mV Jw§S>mibobm Amho
Vmo Ko . '' Ë`m \$mo Q > m o I mbr lr~m~m§ Z r ñdhñVmZo Amnbo `mo J nQ> m darb Zmd
""lrdmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V'' hr Ajao _moS>r {bnrV {bhÿZ Ë`mnwT>o Ama.E. ghò~wÕo
Aer B§J«OrV ghr Ho$br. lr~m~m§da Ooìhm gX²Jwé§Mr nyU© H¥$nm Pmbr, Ë`m doir
gmjmV XÎmmÌo`m§Zr àH$Q> hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mo ho MVwWm©l_mMm ~moY H$aUmao Zm_H$aU Ho$bo
hmoVo. hm \$moQ>mo lr.am_^mD§$Zr Amnë`m Kar OVZ H$ê$Z R>odbm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr
_§ÌXrjm {Xbr hmoVr. {VÀ`m gmømZo nwîH$i bmoH$m§À`m {nemMnrS>oMm n[ahma
Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z lr~m~m§Zr H$adyZ KoVbm. (gXa Cëbo{Ibobm \$moQ>mo lrjoÌ S>ao dU Vm.
{MniyU `oWo gm§àV OVZ Ho$bobm Amho.)
AdVmanyVuMr gyMZm
gZ 1950 n`ªV lr~m~m§Zr ^ŠVm§À`m Eo{hH$ Am{U nma_m{W©H$ BÀN>m nyU© Ho$ë`m.
Ë`mZ§Va _mÌ Vo hiyhiy `m gdmªnmgyZ A{bßV amhmUo ng§V H$arV AmhoV Ago ^mgy
bmJbo.
1951 gmbr EHo$ {Xder, lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r
nwÊ`mg Ambobo AgVmZm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {dMmabo, ""H$m` ao {dR>m~o m, Vy nwÊ`mV Ka
KoD$Z _bm gm§^mierb H$m ?'' lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr gX²Jéw À§ `m _ZmVrb
^md AmoiIbm d hmoH$ma {Xbm. lr~m~m§Mm gm§^mi H$aUo `mMm J{^©VmW©, nwÊ`mV
ñWm{`H$ hmoD$Z lr~m~m§Mm g§àXm` nwT>o Mmb{dUo hm hmoVm. lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zr øm àýmMo Jm§^r`© Ü`mZr KoD$ZM hmoH$ma {Xbm hmoVm d nwT>rb H$m`m©Mr Ywam
ñdrH$maÊ`mg g§_Vr {Xbr hmoVr. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm nyduM Amnbo CÎmam{YH$mar åhUyZ
{Z{üV Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`m_wio Ë`m XmoKm§À`mV hmoUmè`m àýmoÎmam§Mm bú`mW© hm Ë`m
Jwé{eî`m§ZmM kmV Ago.
lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm hmoH$ma EoHy$Z lr~m~m àgÞ Pmbo. nU Ë`mZ§Va
Ë`m§À`m ~mobÊ`mVyZ {Zadm{ZadrMm C„oI \$ma `oD$ bmJbm. Ë`m_wio gd© {eî`_§S>ir
qMVmVwa Pmbr. AmnU ÌonÞ gmbmV Xoh R>do Uma Aem ñnï> gyMZm Ë`m§Zr ^ŠVm§Zm
XoÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`m dfuÀ`m OyZ _{hÝ`mV lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO nwÊ`mV

146 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Ambo hmoVo. lr~m~m§Zr EH$ Am°JñQ> 1953 amoOr Xoh R>odUma Agm Amnbm {ZU©`
gdmªZm gm§{JVbm hmoVm. gd© _§S>ir H$miOrV nS>br. gX²Jéw Amnë`mbm {ZamYma,
nmoaHo$ H$ê$Z OmUma åhUyZ H$moUmg H$mhr gwMoZmgo Pmbo.
gd© {eî` Aem C{Û¾ _Z:pñWVrV dmdaV AgVmZm lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO EH$
{Xdg lr~m~m§H$S>o Jobo hmoV.o Vmo {Xdg 24 Owb¡ 1953 hmoVm. lr_hmamOm§À`m OrdZmV
Ë`m {Xder àM§S> CËH«$m§Vr KSy>Z Ambr. na_mWm©Vrb Vmo loð>V_ jU, Á`m jUr
gX²Jéw {eî`mMm Ah§H$ma nyUË© dmZo, {Z:eofnUo ñdV: ñdrH$maVmV, Vmo na_^m½`mMm
jU lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m OrdZmV Ë`m {Xder àmßV Pmbm. lr~m~m§Zr
lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm COdm hmV dMZ KoVë`mà_mUo Amnë`m COì`m
hmVmda nmbWm R>do Zy KoVbm. Ë`mda Amnbm S>mdm hmV Xm~yZ YarV, lr~m~m AmdoJmZo
Ë`m§Zm åhUmbo, ""{dR>m~o m, AmOnmgyZ VwPm gd© Ah§H$ma _r KoVbm, ñdoÀN>Zo o KoVbm.
AmVm H$gbmhr {dMma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ VwÂ`mH$S>o am{hbo Zmhr. VwPo gd© H$mhr `m nwT>o
_rM H$arZ ho Ü`mZmV R>od.'' lr~m~m Ë`m {Xder lr_hmamOm§er _Z_moH$ionUmZo
~è`mM H$mhr Jmoï>r ~mobbo. Ë`m gmè`m§Mm _{WVmW© WmoS>Š`mV BVH$mM hmoVm H$s lr~m~m
Amnbo nwT>rb gd© H$m`© lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m XohmV ñdV:bm g§H$« {_V
H$adyZ, Ë`m§À`mH$adr nyU© H$ê$Z KoUma hmoVo. lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm OrdZ
H¥$VmW© Pmë`mMo g_mYmZ bm^bo. gX²Jêw $§ Zr {eî`mMm ñdrH$ma H$aÊ`mMr Or à{H«$`m,
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Z§Va XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr 26 Owb¡ 1953 åhUOo Jwénm¡{U©_oÀ`m {Xder lrgX²Jwé
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr, lr~m~m§Mr fmoS>emonMmao nyOm Ho$br. hm nyOoMm gmohim Ho$di
Abm¡{H$H$ hmoVm. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mr ^mdmdñWm BVH$s {Xì` hmoVr H$s gd© nyOm
Ë`m§À`m hmVyZ ZH$iVM KS>V hmoVr. nyOM o m EH$EH$ CnMma lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m
hñVo H$adyZ KoV AgVmZm, lr~m~m OmUrdnydH© $ XohpñWVrda amhÿZ nyOHo $S>o bj XoV
hmoV.o nyOm{dYr nyU© hmoVmM lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:À`m H§$R>mVrb Jwbm~nwînm§Mm hma, ñdH$am§Zr
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m Jù`mV KmVbm. ñdV:Mr On_mi Ë`m§Zm {Xbr. àgmX
åhUyZ ñdV:Mm d lrAmB©gmho~m§Mm (gm¡.XwJm©VmB©) \$moQ>mo {Xbm. {ZË` nyOm H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Amnë`m IS>mdm {Xë`m. lr~m~m§ZrM ñdV:gmR>r lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm Ë`m IS>mdm
AmUmd`mg gm§{JVë`m hmoË`m. nyOm Mmby AgVmZm lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m nm`mV Ë`mM
IS>mdm KmVë`m hmoË`m. Ë`mM doir Ë`m§Zr ñdV:À`m hmVmVrb Mm§XrMo dio d gn©_I w r
A§JR>r H$mTy>Z KoD$Z ""VwÂ`m hmVmV Kmb'' Aer lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm Amkm

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 147

Ho$br. na§Vw lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO H$~yb Pmbo ZmhrV. Vo åhUmbo, ""Amnbr Amkm
åhUyZ Oar `m XmoÝhr dñVy _r Amnë`mH$Sy>Z ñdV:À`m hmVmZo H$mTy>Z KoVë`m Var Vr
MmoarM R>ab o . Voìhm AmnUM _mPo A§V:H$aU OmUyZ `mo½` dmQ>b o Vo H$amdo.'' `mda
lr~m~m§Zr ào_^amZo hgyZ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm hmV Amnë`m hmVmV KoVbm Am{U
ñdV:À`m hmVmZo A§JR>r, dio XmoÝhr Ë`m§À`m COì`m hmVmÀ`m VO©ZrV hiwdmanUo
gaH${dbo. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m _wImda Ñï>r pñWa H$ê$Z åhUmbo, ""JwéÀ`m
~moQ>mVrb A§JR>r JwéÀ`m ~moQ>mV KmVbr.''
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm Ë`m jUr gmè`m {dœmMm {dga nS>bm. Amnbo _Z
g§nUy V© `m lr~m~m ì`mnyZ am{hbo AmhoV Aer {Xì` AZw^Vy r Ë`m§Zm Ambr. lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§Zr ÑT> AqbJZ {Xbo d åhUmbo,
""AmVm `m nwT>o Vwbm ñdV:Mo H$mhr H$aUo Zmhr. Oo H$mhr H$amd`mMo Amho Vo _rM
H$aUma Amho. Vy n¥ÏdrÀ`m nmR>rda Hw$R>ohr Om. A_o[aHo$V Om, ZmhrVa B§½b§S>bm Om.
Ë`m, Ë`m {R>H$mUr _r gX¡d VwÂ`m nmR>rer Amho. nwT>o _R>mMr ì`dñWm Vwbm nmhmd`mMr
Amho. O_rZ Mm§Jbr gwnrH$ nmhÿZ _mÂ`m ZmdmZo Šd{MV XmUm Q>mH$sV Om (`mo½` d
bm`H$ ì`ŠVr nmhÿZ g§àXm`mMm àgma H$a).''
ho lr~m~m§Mo CX²Jma lrñdm_r g_WmªZr ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm CÔoeyZ H$mT>boë`m
CX²Jmam§M,o ""^yH$ Zgboë`mbm Oody KmVbo AgVm AÞmMm {MdS>m hmoBb © '' `m Bemè`mMo
ñ_aU H$ê$Z XoVmV.
""`oWyZ nwT>o _mPr Amkm hmoB©n`ªV nwÊ`mg `oD$ Z`o. aËZm{JargM amhmdo'' Agm
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§Mm AmXoe Pmbm. na§Vw lr~m~m§Mm XohË`mJmMm
{ZU©` lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm ì`mHw$i H$arV hmoVm.
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Odi hÅ>M Yabm H$s ""Oa AmnU Xoh
R>do Uma Agmb Va AJmoXa _bm XohË`mJ H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr Úm. Amnë`m_mJo `m
OJmV _bm R>do y ZH$m.'' lrkmZoœa _hmamOm§Zr Á`mà_mUo Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `m XoIVM
g_mYr KoVbr Am{U gX²Jwé§Mm {dah H§$R>Ê`mgmR>r, Vo `m OJmV nmR>r_mJo am{hbo
ZmhrV, Ë`mMà_mUo lr~m~m§À`m_mJo AmnU jU^agwÕm amhmVm H$m_m Z`o Agm lrgX²Jéw
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm ÑT> {ZYm©a hmoVm. gVV ghm {Xdg (26 Owb¡ Vo 31 Owb¡
1953) lr~m~m d lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm hm ào_mMm dmX Mmbbm hmoVm.
lr~m~m Amnë`m {Zü`mda AQ>b, A{dMb am{hbo hmoV.o lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§ZrgwÕm
Amnbo Or{dV lr~m~m§À`m {Z`m©UmÀ`m AJmoXaM g§n{dÊ`mMm {ZYm©a Ho$bm hmoVm.

148 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

XmoKm§nH¡ $s Hw$UmbmM Xwgè`mbm {ZU©` {\$adm`bm bmdÊ`mV `e `oV ZìhVo. eodQ>r
ghm {XdgmZ§Va lr~m~m§ZrM nwT>mH$ma KoVbm Am{U hr H$m|S>r \$moS>br. lr~m~m Amnë`m
na_{eî`mbm {dMmê$ bmJbo, ""Aao {dR>m~o m, Vy _bm Om`bm Va XoV Zmhrg, R>rH$
Amho, _r VwPo åhUUo _mÝ` H$aVmo. na§Vw amhmÊ`mMr H$mhr H$mb_`m©Xm hr Agm`bm hdr
H$s ZH$mo ? _J VyM gm§J _r {H$Vr {Xdg amhÿ åhUOo VwÂ`m_ZmgmaIo hmoBb© ?'' lr~m~m§À`m
~Xboë`m {ZU©`mZo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO hf©^[aV Pmbo. AeŠ` Vo eŠ` Pmbobo
nmhÿZ lr~m~m§À`m àýmda Ë`m§À`m _wImVyZ EH$X_ CËñ\y$V©nUo ""EH$ df© Wm§~m'' Ago
eãX {ZKmbo. lr~m~m§Zr Vo VmËH$mi _mÝ` Ho$bo d åhUmbo, ""{dR>m~o m, Aao VwÂ`mgmR>r
_r Wm§~Zo ~a§ H$m EH$ df©. _bm Wm§~m`bmM hdo ao ~m~m !''
nwT>À`mM jUr lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm hihi dmQ>br. ""Aaoao ! AmnU
e§^a df} Wm§~m åhQ>bo AgVo Var lr~m~m§Zm Wm§~mdo bmJbo AgVo Am{U Ë`mà_mUoo
Wm§~bo XoIrb AgVo. na§Vw AmVm H$m` Cn`moJ ?'' ~mU EH$Xm YZwî`mVyZ gwQ>bm H$s
Ë`mÀ`mdaMo {Z`§ÌU g§nbo. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm hm {dœmg AJXr `WmW©
hmoVm. IamoIaM lr~m~m§Zm Vo gm§JVrb {VVHo$ {Xdg amhUo ^mJ hmoV.o na§Vw lr~m~m§Zm
EH$ dfm©Mm H$mbmdYr _mÝ` hmoVm Ago åhUmdo bmJVo. hr KQ>Zm 1 Am°JñQ> amoOr KS>br
hmoVr.
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr `m àg§Jm~Ôb ~mobVmZm EH$Xm Amnë`m {eî`m§Zm,
^ŠVm§Zm gm§{JVbo hmoV.o Vo åhUmbo, ""Ë`m jUr _mÂ`m Vm|S>yZ AdKo "EH$M df©' ho
eãX H$go H$m` Cƒmabo Jobo `mMo _bm, amhÿZamhÿZ Amü`© dmQ>V hmoV.o na§Vw Z§Va _mÂ`m
bjmV Ambo H$s AmnU lr~m~m§er Á`m gX²Jéw VÎdmZo ~m§Ybo Jobmo AmhmoV, Vo VÎd
Amnë`mbm {dg§JV, ñdV§Ì {ZU©` KoD$ XoUo eŠ`M ZìhVo. Ë`m gX²Jéw VÎdmMo H$m`©
^JdmZ XÎmmÌo`m§nmgyZ AmOn`ªV na§nam_mJm©Zo MmbV Ambo Amho. Ë`m na§naoV nwT>o H$m`
H$m` KS>Uma ho nyduM R>ê$Z Jobb o o Amho. Ë`m_wio lr~m~m§Zr Ooìhm _bm AmUIr {H$Vr
df} amhÿ Ago {dMmabo Voìhm _mPr Vrd« BÀN>m Ë`m§Zr {MaH$mb amhmdo Aer AgyZgwÕm,
_mÂ`m Vm|S>yZ \$ŠV EH$ dfm©MrM _wXVdmT>, lr~m~m§Zm nm{hOo hmoVr VerM, Cƒmabr
Jobr.''
lr~m~m§Zr Amnbm {ZU©` {\$adbm d g_mYr KoÊ`mMo nwT>o T>H$bë`mZo gd© ^ŠV_§S>ir
AmZ§{XV Pmbr.
lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy lr.b.J.~mnQ> ho AmXë`m amÌr AmR> dmOVm lr~m~m§Zm ^oQ>md`mg
_wÔm_ Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o Ambobo hmoV.o ""AmnU Am_À`m~amo~a _R>mV Ambm Va ~a§

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 149

hmoBb
© '' Aer {dZ§Vr H$aVmM lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm åhUmbo, ""hr H$mS>çmMr noQ>r Ý`m _R>mV,
åhUOo gd© R>rH$ hmoBb © ,'' ømda lr.~mnQ>mZ§ r ""gX²Jéw Z§ m, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm H$m`
gm§Jmd`mMo ?'' Aer n¥ÀN>m Ho$br AgVm ""Amåhr `oWo AmZ§X Cn^moJrV AmhmoV Ago
gm§Jm,'' Aem àH$maMo lr~m~m§Mo CÎma Ambo. lr~m~m§Zr Amnbm _hmg_mYrMm ~oV
Oar nwT>o T>H$bbm Var Vo AdVma g_mßVrÀ`m _Z:pñWVrVM dmdaV hmoV.o
`m Jmoï>rMo à{Vq~~, lr~m~m§Zr ^ŠVm§Zm nmR>{dboë`m nÌmoÎmam§_YyZ nmhmd`mg
{_iVo. EH$m ^ŠVmbm nmR>{dboë`m nÌmV Vo {b{hVmV, ""AmË_m g_mYrV Jobm Amho.
Vmo Hw$R>o ZmMVmo` Vo ZŠH$s H$iV Zmhr. Ë`m_wio nÌ {b{hbo Zmhr Var VH«$ma H$ê$ ZH$m.
Xodmbm dmB©Q> dmQ>V.o '' Xwgè`m EH$m ^ŠVmbm {b{hVmV, ""_hmamO åhUmbo, dmpë_H$sZo
{b{hë`mà_mUo am_mbm Mmbmdo bmJbo. Vo am_m`U dmMVm Ë`mV eodQ>r am_mZo eara
{dgO©Z; ~m`H$mo ^y_rV JS>n Pmë`mda, bú_Umbm amÁ` XoD$Z Ë`m AdVmar JwéZo
A`moÜ`obm eara{dgO©Z Ho$bo. Voìhm Ë`m§Zr _bm am_ åhQ>ë`mà_mUo Ë`mVbm {H$Vdm
nmQ>© H$amd`mMm Vo nmhmUo Amho. `m gmV dfmªV nwîH$i Jwé_§S>ir AmOmar nS>br AmhoV.
Ë`m_wio A`moÜ`m _Wwam `oUM o r BÀNm Amho.'' EH$m Odi åhUmbo, ""A`moÜ`mdmgr
am_mZo Am_À`mgmR>r EH$ H$moZmS>m amIyZ R>do bm Amho. Voìhm Amåhmbm ea`yMo Xe©Z
KoUo àmßV Pmbo.''
AIoaMr `mÌm - A`moÜ`og Xoh {dgO©ZmMm ~oV
nÌm§_Yrb Aem _OHw$amZo d ~mobÊ`m_wio gd© ^ŠVm§À`m _ZmV, lr~m~m
VrW©`mÌoÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo A`moÜ`obm OmD$Z Xoh{dgO©Z H$aUma H$s H$m` Aer qMVm {Z_m©U
Pmbr. à{VdfuÀ`m Zo_mà_mUo Ë`mhr dfu, 29 Zmoìho§~a 1953 amoOr lr~m~m
Amnë`mg_doV 24-25 _§S>ir KoD$Z VrW©`mÌobm ~mhoa nS>b.o _ÀN>brnÅ>U_², OJÞmW
nwar, H$bH$Îmm, J`m, à`mJ, H$mer, A`moÜ`m, _Wwam-d¥X§ mdZ AmXr VrW©jÌo m§Mr `mÌm
AmIbobr hmoVr.
lr~m~m `mÌobm {ZKÊ`mnydu gdmªZm gm§JV AgV ""Amåhr AmVm A`moÜ`obm ea`y
ZXrV Xoh gmoS>Uma AmhmoV. Á`mbm `m`Mo Agob Ë`mZo Am_À`m~amo~a Mbmdo.'' na§Vw
nydu lr~m~m§~amo~a `mÌobm Jobëo `m _§S>itn¡H$s {H$Ë`oH$m§Zr ZH$ma H$i{dbm. H$maU
lr~m~m§Zr A`moÜ`og XohË`mJ Ho$ë`mZ§Va AmnU nmoaHo$ hmoD$Z `mÌohZÿ naVUma, Voìhm Vo
Xw:I Amnë`mbm Agø hmoBb © . Ë`mnojm `mÌog Z OmVm nwÊ`mVM am{hbobo ~ao, Agm
Ë`m _§S>itZr {dMma Ho$bm. lr~m~m§Zm ho g_OVmM Vo åhUmbo, ""gX²Jéw åhUOo H$moU

150 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

hoM Vwåhmbm AÚm{n H$ibo Zmhr. Vw_Mr gX²Jéw À§ `m ApñVËdmMr H$ënZm Ë`m§À`m
Xohmer {ZJ{S>V Amho. Vwåhmbm Am_Mm Xoh åhUOo gX²Jéw dmQ>V Agob, Va Am_À`m
nm`mbm EH$ Xmoar ~m§YyZ ea`yÀ`m nmÊ`m§VyZ, Ë`m Xohmbm AmoTy>Z ~mhoa H$mT>m Am{U
~gm gm§^mirV ! gX²Jéw ho OÝ__aUmVrV AgVmV, EdT>Xo I o rb Vwåhmbm Am_À`m
ghdmgmV amhÿZ C_Obo Zmhr ? _J nwT>o Vw_Mm na_mW© H$gm H$m` nma nS>Uma ?''
àdmgmÀ`m AJmoXa H$mhr {Xdgm§nmgyZM lr~m~m§Mr àH¥$Vr jrU Pmbr hmoVr.
àW_ AŠH$bH$moQ> d JmUJmnya hr ñWmZo H$ê$Z h¡Xam~mX_mJ} _ÀN>brnÅ>U_² n`ªV
Job.o VoWZy gd© _§S>ir ^maVmÀ`m nydH} $S>rb àXoemV OJÞmWnwarbm Ambr.
lr~m~m gdmªZm KoD$Z lrOJÞmWmÀ`m Xe©ZmgmR>r _§{XamV Job.o _§{XamV ~amM
doi Pmbm Var lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z KoUo AmQ>nZo m. nwÝhmnwÝhm Z_ñH$ma KmbmdoV, XodmÀ`m
_wImH$S>o ^mZ hanyZ nmhmV amhmdo, Aem àH$mao ~amM doi Jobm. eodQ>r ~è`mM doimZo
_§{Xam~mhoa `md`mg {ZKmbo. XadmOmV _§{XamMm nÅ>odmbm aIdmbXma C^m hmoVm.
lr~m~m§À`m _ZmV H$m` Ambo Hw$Umg R>mD$H$, nU Odi OmD$Z Vo Ë`mÀ`m nm`m nS>bo
d Ë`mÀ`m hmVmda EH$ én`m R>do bm Am{U åhUmbo, ""Xodmbm Ia§ åhUOo ho nÅ>do mboM
gm§^miVmV. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zmhr AmnU H$mhrVar ~jrg {Xbo nm{hOo.'' Ë`m nÅ>do më`mbm
g§V-gËnwéfm§Mm Agm AZmoIm AZw^d àW_M Ambm Agob.
nwarhÿZ gd© _§S>ir H$bH$Î`mbm Ambr. VoWo Ë`m§Zr EH$m O¡Z Y_©emioV Imoë`m
KoD$Z dmñVì` Ho$bo. ehamVrb H$mbr_mVoMo _§{Xa, lram_H¥$îU na_h§g, lrñdm_r
{ddoH$mZ§X `m§À`m _§{Xam§Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z gd©OU BVa àojUr` ñWio nmhmÊ`mg Job.o
å`w{P`_, {M{S>`m~Pma dJ¡ao nmhmVmZm EHo$ {R>H$mUr H$aH$moÀ`mÀ`m qnOè`mg_moa
lr~m~m C^o am{hbo. lr~m~m Amnë`mM V§ÐrV qnOè`mbm AJXr IoQ>yZ H$aH$moÀ`mH$S>o
nmhmV C^o hmoV.o BVŠ`mV AMmZH$ Ë`m H$aH$moÀ`mZo lr~m~m§À`m S>mù
o `mda MmoM _mabr.
^im^im aŠV dmhÿ bmJbo, na§Vw gwXd¡ mZo S>mi o m ~Mmdbm hmoVm. OI_ _mÌ Imobda
Agë`m_wio Mma {Xdg _b_nÅ>r H$amdr bmJbr. lr~m~m g_doVÀ`m _§S>itZm åhUmbo,
""~Km, \$ma AmJmD$nUm Ho$bm H$s _hmamO Aer {ejm H$aVmV ! AmVm Amåhmbm
OnyZ amhm`bm nm{hOo.''
H$bH$Î`mhÿZ J`obm {ZKVmZm aoëdo ñQ>e o Zda AVmoZmV JXu hmoVr. ~aoMgo {MZr,
OnmZr `mÌoH$ê$ ~wÕJ`obm {ZKmbobo hmoV.o Ë`m gd© JS>~S> Jm|YimV `m _§S>itMr
AmnmngmV MwH$m_yH$ Pmbr. Ë`mV lr~m~m§À`m S>mù o `mV _moVrq~Xy Pmbobm Agë`mZo
Ë`m§Zm XyaMo {XgVhr ZìhVo. JmS>r nH$S>Ê`mÀ`m Ym§XbrV gd© _§S>ir BH$S>o{VH$S>o

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 151

{dIwabr. `m JmoY§ imV lr~m~m EH$Q>M o YmdVniV S>~m emoYrV hmoV.o H$gm~gm JmS>r
gwQ>no `ªV S>~m gmnS>bm d Vo hmehþe H$arV Amnë`m OmJoda `oD$Z ~gbo. ~amo~aÀ`m
^ŠVm§Zr ""Vwåhmbm {XgV ZgyZgwÕm S>~m H$gm H$m` gmnS>bm ?'' åhUyZ Amü`© àH$Q>
Ho$bo. Voìhm lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""gX²Jéw M § r, _hmamOm§Mr H¥$nm AJmY Amho. Ë`m§Zr {Xboë`m
Iè`m S>mù o `m§nTw >o _moVrq~XyMo H$m` MmbUma ?''
darb XmoÝhr àg§Jm§H$S>o nmhmVmZm, `mÌmàg§Jr lr~m~m§À`m XoI^mbr~m~V,
{eî`_§S>ir nwae o r I~aXmar KoV ZìhVo H$s H$m` Agm {dMma _ZmV S>mHo $mdVmo.
J`obm Amë`mda {dîUwnXmda H$amd`mMo gd© {dYr lr~m~m§Zr `Wmgm§J Ho$bo. J`oV
{\$aVmZm lr~m~m Á`m Q>m½§ `mV ~gbo hmoV,o Ë`mMm KmoS>m AMmZH$ {~Wabm d ~o\$m_
Pmë`mà_mUo doJmV YmdV gwQ>bm. àg§JmdYmZ amIyZ lr~m~m§Zr YmdË`m Q>m½§ `mVyZ ~mhoa
CS>r KoVbr.
Ë`mM Q>m½§ `mV lr~m~m§À`m godgo åhUyZ am{hbobo lr.Z.^m.H$miogÕ w m hmoV.o nU
Ë`m§Zm Q>m½§ `mVyZ CS>r _maÊ`mMm Yra Pmbm Zmhr. Q>mJ§ m ~amM nwT>o OmD$Z Wm§~ë`mda
lr.H$mio YmdV lr~m~m C^o hmoVo Ë`m OmJr Ambo. Ë`m§Zm nmhÿZ lr~m~m åhUmbo,
""H$m` ao AgmM gm§^miUma H$m` _bm ? XohmMr AmgŠVr AOyZ gwQ>V Zmhr. Am_À`mda
{dœmg R>do Zy CS>r _maVm Va H$mhrgwÕm Pmbo ZgVo. nU {dœmg Hw$R>o Amho ?''
`m `mÌoV Aem àH$mao Q>m½§ `mZo VrZ doim {hgH$m XmI{dbm. Xa doir lr.H$mioM
lr~m~m§À`m~amo~a Q>m½§ `mV hmoVo d Xa doigo Q>m½§ `mMo KmoS>o AeŠV, Cnmg_ma Pmbobo
AgoM hmoV.o Aem AZw^dmZ§Va lr~m~m Q>mJ§ m H$amd`mg V`ma ZgV. na§Vw Ho$ìhmHo$ìhm
ZmB©bmOmZo Q>m½§ `mV ~gmdo bmJo. {VH$S>o _mUgm§Zr Mmb{dÊ`mÀ`m gm`H$b-[ajm nwîH$i
AgV. na§Vw _Zwî`mZo neyà_mUo dmhZmbm Own§ Zy ¿`m`Mo hm àH$maM EH§$XarV lr~m~m§Zm
A_mZwfnUmMm dmQ>.o Ë`m_wio Ë`m g§nUy © `mÌoV Vo Ho$di EH$XmM Am{U VogÕ w m BbmOM
ZìhVm åhUyZ gm`H$b-[ajmV ~gbo hmoV.o
J`ohZÿ gd© _§S>ir VrW©amO à`mJmMr `mÌm H$ê$Z H$merg `oD$Z nmohmoMbr. H$mer_Ü`o
lr~m~m, bobe o mór `m§À`mH$S>o _wŠH$m_mg Wm§~bo hmoV.o Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr d BVa _§S>itMr
ì`dñWm EH$X_ MmoI R>do br hmoVr. gdmªZr H$merV VrW©ñZmZ, lr{dœoœamMo Xe©Z,
BVa Ym{_©H$ {dYr Amnmnë`m BÀN>ào _mUo Ho$bo. H$merhÿZ gd© _§S>ir A`moÜ`og Ambr.
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152 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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o Ë`m OmJr Amåhr Obg_mYr
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qhS>bo. na§Vw H$moR>oM KmoQ>çmMo da nmUr gmnS>oZm. Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr H$mio `m§Zm ~mhoa
{ZKmd`mg IyU Ho$br. ""H$mio, ea`y H$mhr Amåhmbm OmJm XoV Zmhr Ago {XgVo.
_hmamOm§Mr Amkm "nwÊ`mV OmJm Ko' Aer Pmbr Amho. Voìhm AmVm AmnU ñZmZ H$ê$
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AmVm Amnë`m~amo~a nwÊ`mg naV `oUma, `mgmaIr AmZ§XXm`H$ _§Jb KQ>Zm H$moUVr,
Aem {dMmamZo gdmªÀ`m {MÎmd¥Îmr Cëh{gV Pmë`m. lr~m~m§Zr H$mio `m§Zm nwÊ`mg lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§À`m _R>mV ""XohË`mJ Z H$aVm naV `oV AmhmoV'' Aem _OHw$amMo nÌ {b{hÊ`mg
gm§{JVbo. Ë`mMà_mUo Amnbo Om_mV lr.ZriH§$R>amd Iao, dH$sb `m§À`mH$S>ho r dÜ`m©bm
nÌ {bhÿZ, ""Amåhr `mÌohZÿ naV `oVmZm Mhm {nÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`m Kar `oUma AmhmoV''
Ago H$i{dÊ`mMr lr~m~m§Zr Amkm Ho$br. J_VrMr Jmoï> åhUOo nÌm~amo~a Om_mVm§À`m
Zmdo nmM én`m§Mr _ZrAm°S>a© H$amd`mMr AmkmXoIrb lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mMdoir Ho$br.
A`moÜ`oV XodXe©ZmXr H$m`©H«$_ `Wmgm§J nma nS>bo. Ë`mZ§VaMm Q>ßnm AmJ«m hm
hmoVm. H$maU _Wwam-d¥§XmdZ `oWo OmÊ`mgmR>r aoëdoJmS>r Am½`«mhÿZ hmoVr. _Wwam-d¥§XmdZ

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 153

`m ^JdmZ lrJmonmiH¥$îUm§À`m ^y_rV, lr~m~m§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV gd© ^ŠV_§S>itÀ`m
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aoëdo ñQ>eo Zda CVabr.
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\$aerdaM ~gyZ hmoV.o lr.Xoenm§S>o `dV_mihÿZ lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Ambobo hmoV.o
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KS>bm. Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr bJoM ""Amnë`mbm Q>mJ§ m ZH$moM'' Ago gm§JZy nm`r Kar
{ZKmbo. VoWo lr~m~m§ì`{V[aŠV gd© _§S>itZr ^moOZ Ho$bo. lr~m~m§Zr _mÌ nÌmV ""Mhm
ß`m`bm `oD$'' Ago H$i{dbobo hmoV,o Ë`mà_mUo \$ŠV MhmM VodT>m KoVbm. ^moOZmgmR>r
gdmªZr \$ma AmJ«h Ho$bm. nU lr~m~m§Zr R>m_ ZH$ma {Xë`m_wio lr.Iao `m§Mm ZmB©bmO
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{M.Za|ÐÀ`m åhUOo Amnë`m ZmVdmÀ`m A§Jmda nm§Kabo Am{U Ë`mÀ`m nmR>rda hmV
{\$adyZ ""XÎmmÌo`m AmVm amhm`Mo ~a§ H$m !'' Ago åhUmbo. WmoS>m doi Wm§~Zy lr~m~m
nwÝhm ñQ>e o Zda `m`bm {ZKmbo. lr.H$mio Ë`m§À`m~amo~aM {ZKmbo. BVa gd© _§S>ir
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ho CX²Jma åhUOo g_mYrMr nydg© M y ZmM hmoVr. A`moÜ`oMr `mÌm hrM lr~m~m§Mr eodQ>Mr
VrW©`mÌm R>abr.
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Iao nmhmVm lr~m~m Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `m, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV hmoUmam Hw$R>bmhr

154 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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Agmdm `m ^mdZoZo Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm. Ë`m gmYyZho r `m gdmªMr Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z,
`m dmQ>Zo o Hw$R>o Mmbbm AmhmV åhUyZ {dMmanyg Ho$br. Voìhm Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo, ""Amåhmbm
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hmoBb
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hgbo. åhUmbo, ""gËnwéf Vw_À`m~amo~a Ambobo AgVmZm, Ë`m§Zm gmoS>yZ Vwåhr H$embm
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AmhmV ?'' ho Ë`m gmYwnéw fmMo CX²Jma EoH$VmM gdmªÀ`m S>mŠo `mV COoS> nS>bm. _J
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Amnbm Zoh_rMm J§^ra ñd^md Xya gmê$Z hgbo. lr~m~m§Zm åhUmbo, ""Ahmo amdgmho~
ho H$m` ? `m dñVy gJù`m H$embm AmUë`mV ?'' _J lr~m~m§À`m ~amo~aÀ`m _§S>itZm
lr.{ZamoIHo $a åhUmbo, ""`m§Zm _wŠV åhUmdo Va H¥$Vr doS>çmgmaIr H$aVmV Am{U ~Õ
åhUmdo Va Amåhmbmhr _mJo gmaVrb Ago àIa d¡am½` `m§Mno mer Amho. _hmamOm§Mr
brbm IamoIaM JyT> Amho.''
åhUmd| `m§ _wŠV H$[aVr doS>çmg_Ÿ& ~Õ åhUVm§ ~«÷ Pmbo AgVrŸ&&
_hmamOm§Mr brbm Z H$io Vr H$moUmgŸ& H$[aVr Amü`m©g gH${iH$Ÿ&&
(g§{jßV gX²Jwé-M[aÌ 11:241-242)
Ë`mZ§Va MhmnmUr dJ¡ao CaHy$Z gd© _§S>ir n§MdQ>r nmhmÊ`mg Jobr. Xwgè`m {Xder

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§À`m VrW©`mÌm / 155

~gZo gd©OU nwÊ`mV Ambo. dmQ>Vo H$ë`mU `oWrb ^ŠVm§Zr lr~m~m§Zm H$ë`mUbm
Wm§~Ê`mgmR>r ~amM AmJ«h Ho$bm nU lr~m~m§Zr Vmo _mZbm Zmhr Am{U WoQ> nwÊ`mg
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{edbm Zmhr. lr~m~m ea`yV XohË`mJ Z H$aVm Amnë`m~amo~a Kar naV Ambo, `m
EH$mM Jmoï>rMm AmZ§X BVH$m _moR>m hmoVm H$s lr~m~m§Zr àÀN>Þ gyMZm§Ûmao Xe©{dbobm
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lr~m~m§À`m~amo~a VrW©`mÌobm Om`MoM Agm {dMma KmoiV hmoVm.
***

lrgX²Jwé-ñVwVr
AmVm§ A{^Zd Wmoa ZdbmdŸ& Xmdr Omo H$s§ Xod d§Xy§ Ë`mgr Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
öX`_§{Xat dgo {Za§VaŸ& Omo H$s¨ namËna gX²Jwéam` Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
OJVmMm Am{X A§V O`m R>mdmŸ& V`m gX²Jwé amdm H$m` dmZy§Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
_m{P`o öX`t dgo Omo H$s¨ {ZË`Ÿ& Á`mMo{Z A{ZË` OiwZr Om` Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
O`mMo H¥$noZ| g§gma gmJê$Ÿ& VéZr n¡bnmê$ OmVr OrdŸ &&5Ÿ&&
_Zmo_§{Xam§V öX`qghmgZtŸ& gX²^md| nyOmoZr àm{W©Vgo§Ÿ &&6Ÿ&&
gX²Jwé _mCbr VwPr H¥$nmÑï>rŸ& H$méÊ`| A{Yð>r O`mbmJtŸ &&7Ÿ&&
gH$ihr {dÚm dgVr Ë`mnmer§Ÿ& F${Õ{g{Õ Xmgr hmoVr Ë`mÀ`m Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
Zd{ZYr Ë`mMo Odir dgVŸ& gH$im H$im `oV Aml`mgr Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
Eoer lrgX²Jwé _mCbr Vy§ WmoaŸ& XoB© _O da Ëda| AmVm§Ÿ &&10Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

156 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 àH¥${VAñdmñÏ`
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g§në`m'' Ago Oo CX²Jma H$mT>bo, Ë`mMo Jm§^r`© Ë`m doir Hw$UmÀ`m bjmV Ambo Zmhr
ho Iao, na§Vw lr~m~m {Z`m©UrÀ`m V`marg bmJbo hmoVo hoM gy{MV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
Ago CX²Jma H$mT>bo AgmdoV. gd© {eî` Am{U ^ŠV lr~m~m§Zr A`moÜ`oV ea`y ZXrV
g_mYr KoÊ`mMm {dMma a{hV Ho$bm `m H$maUmZo AmZ§{XV Pmbo hmoV.o
`mÌohZÿ naV nwÊ`mV Amë`mZ§Va VrZ-Mma _{hZo AgoM Job.o nwT>o 30 _mM© 1954
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Wm§~br. lr~m~m nmbIrÀ`m dmQ>oH$S>o Q>H$ bmdyZ ~gbo hmoVo. nmbIr `oVmjUrM
lr~m~m A§JmV gXamgwÕm Z KmbVm VgoM CKS>çm A§JmZo nmbIrOdi `oÊ`mg {ZKmbo.
Vo añË`mda nmD$b R>do VmV Z R>do VmV VodT>çmV, lr~m~m§À`m MaUm§da S>mHo $o R>do md`mg
{_imdo åhUyZ bmoH$m§Mr EH$M Pw~§ S> CS>mbr. BVH$s JXu Ë`m doir Pmbr H$s lr~m~m§Zm

àH¥${VAñdmñÏ` / 157
nmbIrn`ªV nmohmoMVm `oUo AeŠ` hmoD$Z ~gbo. eodQ>r lr~m~m§Mo EH$ Jwé~§Yy
lr.{~~rH$a `m§Zr, Ë`m§Zm JXuVyZ dmQ> H$ê$Z {Xbr. _J lr~m~m nmbIrn`ªV hiyhiy
MmbV Job.o
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R>do boë`m Vg{~atH$S>o H$mhrjU nmhmV am{hbo. _J ~mOybm hmoD$Z nwÝhm JXuVyZ dmQ>
H$mT>rV, Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o naV Ambo. Ë`mhr doir O_bobr ^ŠV_§S>ir lr~m~m§Mr
MaUYyi _ñVH$s bmdÊ`mgmR>r aoQ>maoQ>r H$arV hmoVr. nmbIr Ë`mZ§Va nwT>o gaH$br d
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV `oD$Z g_mßV Pmbr.
Ë`mZ§Va hiyhiy lr~m~m§À`m {XZH«$_mV emar[aH$ jrUVm S>mHo $mdy bmJbr. ^ŠV
Xe©ZmgmR>r `oD$Z ~gV. Ë`m§À`mer ~mobUo nydr©à_mUoM Ago. na§Vw Amhma {Xdgo§{Xdg
\$maM H$_r hmoD$Z, eara`ï>r H¥$eVoH$S>o PwH$V Agë`mMo OmUdy bmJbo. {eî` d
^ŠV Ë`m§À`mgmR>r \$io KoD$Z `oV AgV, nU Ë`m§Zr {H$Vrhr AmJ«h Ho$bm Var lr~m~m
""amhÿ XoV VoWo ! _r Z§Va KoB©Z,'' Ago åhUyZ VerM R>odyZ XoV AgV. Hw$UrHw$Ur
lr~m~m§er ""Amnë`m Vã`oVrg Onm, H$miOr KoV Mbm'' Aem àH$mao AmnwbH$sMo
^mfU H$arV AgV. Voìhm lr~m~m hgyZ åhUV ""Vwåhr àH¥$Vrg Onm åhUyZ gm§JVm
AmhmV Iao, nU _mPm XohM {eëbH$ am{hbobm Zmhr Ag§ dmQ>V§`.'' Hw$Ur Kar
`md`mg Ji KmbrV, na§Vw lr~m~m Ë`mbm _mÝ`Vm XoV ZgV Am{U Ë`mbmM {dMmarV
""_r `oUma H$gm ? _mPo nm` Hw$R>o AmhoV AmVm ?'' `mM Xaå`mZ lr.I§S>oamd amYmo~m
dmK, H$m°ÝQ°́>ŠQ>a `m§Zr 937 S>r hm {edmOrZJa `oWrb ñdV:Mm ßbm°Q> lr~m~m§Zm 20
E{àb 1954 À`m ~jrgnÌmÝd`o An©U Ho$bm.
***

~moYdMZo
* JwédMZmda lÕoZo dmQ>Mmb H$ê$Z AZw^d KoVbm nm{hOo. Vgm
Z KoVm ZwgË`m ldUmZo H$m` hmoUma ? Ë`m§Mo _ZZ d {Z{XÜ`mg KS>bm
nm{hOo.
* Ahmo, gm§JUmam AgVmo nU H$aUmamM ZgVmo !
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

158 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 {ZOmZ§XJ_Z AWm©V _hmg_mYr
OyZ _{hÝ`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Mr àH$Vr A{YH$M qMVmOZH$ ~Zbr. Mhm d nmUr
EdT>M o nXmW© J«hU H$ê$ bmJbo. lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§À`m gX²Jéw ৠ_mUoM _yiì`mYrMm Ìmg
nydr©nmgyZ hmoVm. Ë`m ì`mYrZo hiyhiy J§^ra ñdê$n YmaU Ho$bo.
lr~m~m§Mr {MÎmd¥Îmr _mÌ `m gd© emar[aH$ AñdmñÏ`mbm Oamhr XmX Z XoVm AË`§V
gwàgÞ Ago. Ë`m§À`m àgÞ d erVb M§Ð{H$aUm§n_« mUo Vmof{dUmè`m gwhmñ` _wÐHo $S>o
nmhÿZ, ^ŠVm§Zm Ë`m§À`m AmOmanUmMm {dga nS>V Ago. hmVmÀ`m ~oMŠ`mn`ªV OiV
Agbobr {gJmaoQ>, OiUmè`m M_mS>rnmgyZ gmoS>dZy \o$Hy$Z XoÊ`mMm AZw^d {eî`m§Zm
nydr©nmgyZ hmoVmM, na§Vw Ë`mÀ`mhr nwT>Mr nm`ar {dXohr pñWVrVrb nwéfmMr H$er AgVo
ho lr~m~m§Zr EH$Xm {eî`m§Zm ñdV:À`m CXmhaUmdê$Z XmIdyZ {Xbo.
EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m JmXrda {ZOyZ AgVmZm H$mhr ^ŠV Ë`m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oD$Z
~gbo. lr~m~m CR>Zy Ë`m§À`mer ~moby bmJbo. ~amM doi ~mobV am{hë`mZ§Va Vr _§S>ir
Z_ñH$ma H$ê$Z Kar Om`bm {ZKmbr. Ë`m§Zm {Zamon XoÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m JmXrdaM CRy>Z
C^o am{hbo. Voìhm JmXrdarb MmXa aŠVmZo _mIbobr nmhÿZ ^ŠV XMH$bo. lr~m~m§À`m
YmoVamdagwÕm aŠVmMo S>mJ {XgV hmoV.o gd©OU EH$X_ ""~m~m EdT>§ aŠV Hw$Ry>Z Amb§?''
åhUyZ EH$m gwamV AmoaS>b.o Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s H$mhtZm Ë`m aŠVmÀ`m ^`§H$a Xe©ZmZoM Koar
Amë`mgmaIo dmQ>V hmoV.o nU lr~m~m§Zr em§VnUo ""Hw$Ry>Z Amb§ Vo aŠVmbmM {dMmam.
_r H$m` gm§JUma ?'' `m eãXmV {Z{d©H$manUo Ë`m§Mr ~moidU Ho$br.
lr.~miH¥$îU XmVma ho lr~m~m§Mo {eî`, Ë`m§Mr godm H$arV AgV. Ë`m§Mo OmoS>rg
lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§Zr nydu lr~m~m§À`m godgo {Xbobo Ë`m§Mo {eî` lr.Z.^m.H$mio hohr
AgV. Ë`m§Zm XrS> dfmªndy u lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:À`m JwéH§ $S>,o lr Ho$gH$a _hmamOm§H$S>o naV
Omd`mg gm§{JVbo hmoVo. na§Vw Vo hÅ>mZo lr~m~m§H$S>oM am{hbo d Ë`m§À`mer ñdV:Mo
{eî`mMo ZmVo Agë`mMo AgË`, XS>nZy Iao åhUyZ gm§Jy bmJbo.
lr~m~m§Zr AÞ nyUn© Uo dÁ`© H$ê$Z \$ŠV ZmaimMo nmUr WmoS>go o KoUo Mmby hmoV.o
bmoH$m§Mm Ìmg ZH$mo åhUyZ Xmamda EH$ ~waS>r nS>Xm bmdmd`mg lr.XmVma `m§Zm gm§{JVbo.
Ë`mMà_mUo ""Xe©Zmg ~§Xr Amho' Aer EH$ nmQ>r {bhÿZ Xmamda bmdÊ`mg gm§{JVbr.
Ë`m_wio ~aoMgo ^ŠV ZmamO Pmbo. Hw$UrVar lr~m~m§ZmM ""Xe©Zmg H$m `oD$ XoV Zmhr?''
åhUyZ {dMmabo Voìhm, ""_bm ~a§ dmQ>V Zmhr, JXuMm Ìmg ghZ hmoV Zmhr'' Ago CÎma

{ZOmZ§XJ_Z AWm©V _hmg_mYr / 159

{Xbo. VarnU Hw$Ur Xe©Zmg Amë`mg Ë`mbm naV nmR>drV ZgV. lr~m~m§Zm A°bmonW° rMo
Am¡fY KoUo ng§V Zgo. Ë`m_wio lr. ZmZmgmho~ ~mnQ>mM § o n[aM`mMo lr.~oëhoH$a ZmdmMo
EH$ hmo{_AmonW° rMo Am¡fY XoUmao d¡Ú hmoV.o Ë`m§Mo Am¡fY lr.H$mio `m§À`mH$[aVm AmUdrV
AgV. na§Vw Am¡fYmÀ`m Jmoù`m _mÌ KoV ZgV. lr.H$mi|Zr Am¡fY ¿`m åhUyZ
gm§{JVë`mg, ""amhÿ Xo,'' ZmhrVa ""VyM Ko'' Ago åhUV.
amÌrÀ`m doir gdmªZm lr~m~m Kar nmR>dZy XoV d AmnU KamV EH$Q>M o amhmV
AgV. A§JmV CîUVm ^S>H$V Ago. Vmnm_wio Pmon Ambr Zmhr Va EH$Q>o nSy>Z amhmV
nU {eî`m§Zm Wm§~dyZ KoV ZgV dm Hw$Ur Wm§~Ê`mMm hÅ> Ho$bm Var Ë`mbm amÌ hmoVmM
naV nmR>drV AgV. lr~m~m§Mr H$Ý`m gm¡.{M_mVmB© d Om_mV lr.ZriH§$R>amd Iao
^oQ>md`mg Ambo hmoVo. Zoh_rà_mUo XmoZ eãX ~mobyZ Ë`m§Zmhr {Zamon {Xbm. na§Vw
Amnë`mgmR>r lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Wm§~dyZ KoVbo Zmhr.
KamV EH$m nwÇ>çmda ""e§H$a Zm_ gwYm'' Am{U ""YmVm `Wm nyd_© H$ën`V²'' hm
d¡{XH$ F$MoMm AY©MaU {bhÿZ R>do bm hmoVm. {edZm_ hoM A_¥V g_Om, Ago ^ŠVm§À`m
_Zmda R>gmdo hm n{hë`m eãXm§Mm hoVy Agmdm. Ë`mMà_mUo ho gd© MamMa, g¥ï>r dJ¡ao
gd© Ord_mÌ Am{U Ë`m§Mo AmnmngmVrb ì`dhma, ZmVrJmoVr ho gd© H$mhr {dYmË`mZo
nyduM `moOZy R>do bobo Amho Am{U Ë`mà_mUo Vo Vgo KS>VmZm nmhÿZ ^m§~mdyZ OmD$ Z`o dm
Ë`mMm {dñ_`, hf©-IoX _mZy Z`o. Oo Á`mà_mUo KS>m`Mo Agob Vo Ë`mà_mUo KS>b o hr
_ZmMr ~¡R>H$ V`ma H$amdr. hr Jmoï> lr~m~m ^ŠVm§Zm Aem àH$mao {eH$drV hmoV.o
Am°JñQ> _{hZm COmS>bm Am{U lr~m~m§Mr àH¥$Vr \$maM Imbmdbr. _R>mV Ho$ìhmVar
gX²Jwé§À`m Xe©Zmg OmV AgV, VogwÕm ~è`mM {Xdgm§nmgyZ ~§X Pmbo hmoVo. Xoh
R>do Ê`mAmYr EH$ AmR>dS>m lr~m~m nwîH$i {XdgmZ§Va _mS>rdê$Z Imbr CVabo. CKS>M o
{ZKmbo Am{U Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ g_moa EH$ dS>mMo PmS> hmoV.o Ë`m Imbr ~gyZ am{hbo.
^ŠV dma§dma {dZdUr H$arV hmoVo H$s Kar naV Mbmdo åhUyZ, nU lr~m~m Hw$Umbm XmX
XoV ZìhVo. A§JmV nwîH$i Vmnhr hmoVm. gdmªZm lr~m~m§Mo ho {MÝh R>rH$ dmQ>bo Zmhr.
{deofV: lr~m~m§Zm CKS>çm A§JmZo dS>mÀ`m PmS>mImbr R>mU _m§S>yZ ~gbobo nmhÿZ
gdmªZm AŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_WmªZr dQ>dj ¥ mImbr g_mYr KoVë`mMo ñ_aU
hmoD$Z _ZmV EH$ AZm{_H$ ~oMZ¡ r {Z_m©U Pmbr. ~amM doi AgmM Joë`mda lr~m~m§Zr
EH$mEH$s lr.Z.^m.H$mio `m§Zm, ""_bm VwÂ`m Kar KoD$Z Mb,'' Ago gm§{JVbo. bJoM
lr.H$mio `m§Zr Q>mJ§ m ~mobmdyZ AmUbm d Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m Kar KoD$Z Job.o lr~m~m
OdiOdi AS>rM Vmg Ë`m§À`m Kar ~gbo hmoV.o Z§Va nwÝhm lr.H$mio `m§Zm ñdV:À`m

160 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Imobrda KoD$Z Omd`mg gm§{JVbo. Ë`mà_mUo H$mio `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Yw_mi {~pëS>J§ _Ü`o
naV AmUyZ gmoS>b.o lr~m~m§Mo ho Amnë`m Imobr~mhoa `oUo AIoaMo hmoV.o
A§JmMr Ádam_wio VbIr hmoV hmoVr. Xmh e_mdm åhUyZ M§XZmMo Vob bmdbo.
Am`moS>rZ MmoiZy nm{hbo, na§Vw Amam_ nS>Ê`mMo {MÝh {XgV ZìhVo. ^ŠVm§Zr A§WéUmÀ`m
~mOybm ~\$m©À`m R>mHo $ù`m§Mr am§J aMyZ Jmadm `oVmo H$m nm{hbo, na§Vw Xmh hmoVM hmoVm.
A§JmdaMr Aóo {^Odbr, nm§KéUgwÕm Amobo H$ê$Z A§Jmda KmVbo, nU H$emZoM
earamMr AmJ hmoUo Wm§~Zo m. lr.H$mio `m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVbo, ""Aao JwéZ§ m Amam_
dmQ>mdm åhUyZ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm àmW©Zm H$am, H$mhr Zdggm`mg H$am.'' na§Vw
gd©OU OmUyZ hmoVo H$s lr~m~m§Mr gÎmm _¥Ë`yda MmbVo, _¥Ë`yMr Ë`m§À`mda Zìho.
{X. 15 Am°JñQ> 1954 amoOr lr.am_^mD$ d Ë`m§Mm _wbJm `ed§Vmßnm `m§Zm
lrgË`Zmam`UmMr nyOm H$amd`mg gm§{JVbr. nyOm H$er H$am`Mr Vo lr~m~m§Zr gm§{JVbo
hmoV.o `ed§VmßnmZo nyOm H$am`Mr d d{S>bm§Zr åhUOo lr.am_^mD§$Zr nyOm gm§Jm`Mr `m
lr~m~m§À`m Amkoà_mUo Ë`m§Zr nyOm H$ê$Z lr~m~m§gmR>r VrW©àgmX AmUbm hmoVm. Ë`mVrb
\$ŠV VrZ Kmg lr~m~m§Zr J«hU Ho$bo. lr.Am§~Ho $a XaamoO Xwnmar gmS>Vo rZ dmOVm lr~m~m§gmR>r
Mhm KoD$Z OmV AgV. Ë`m§Mm hm OdiOdi ghm-gmV dfmªMm Aì`mhV Zo_M hmoVm.
Ë`mMr gm§JVm lr~m~m§Zr Xoh R>do Ê`mnydu XmoZ {Xdg ñdV: Ho$br. lr.Am§~Ho $am§Zm lr~m~m§Zr
{MÇ>r {bhÿZ H$i{dbo ""Mhm nyU© nmohmoMbm; Amåhr V¥ßV AmhmoV. AmVm nwT>o Mhm nmR>dy
Z`o.'' lr~m~m§Mo AZwgY§ mZ gJù`m emar[aH$ `mVZm§da _mV H$ê$Z AI§S> Mmby hmoV.o
AIoa lmdU dÚ MVwWu, A§JmaH$s MVwWuMm {Xdg COmS>bm. _§Jidma, {X. 17
Am°JñQ> 1954 `m {Xder lr~m~m {Xdg^a ñdñW hmoV.o _YyZ_YyZ EImXXwgam eãX
~mobV hmoV.o lr.H$mio `m§Zm Odi ~mobmdyZ H$mhr n¡go {Xbo d _moXr JUnVrbm ghòmdV©Z,o
A{^foH$ H$amdm Aer Amkm Ho$br. Ë`mMà_mUo 21 ~«m÷Um§H$Sy>Z A{^foH$ H$a{dbm.
Ë`mMo VrW© d _moXH$m§Mm àgmX H$mio KoD$Z Ambo. Ë`m doir lr~m~m§Zr VrW© àmeZ Ho$bo
d AJXr Aën àgmX J«hU Ho$bm. Ë`mZ§Va lr.H$mio `m§Zm, ""Vwåhr Kar OmD$Z ^moOZ
H$am. g§H$ï>r gmoS>m Am{U _J `m'' Ago gm§{JVbo. amÌr 8-8 && À`m gw_mamg _moVrdmbo
bmJy Ambo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mm hmV hmVmV KoD$Z ZmS>r MmMnbr, Voìhm R>moHo$
A{Z`{_V nS>V AmhoV Ago nmhÿZ godHo $è`m§H$adr, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mVyZ
lr.ZmZmgmho~ ~mnQ>mZ§ m ~mobmdyZ KoVbo. Vo `oVmM, ""gX²Jéw À§ `m _R>mMo Q´>ñQ>r Ambo
AmhoV. Voìhm Ë`m§Zm lr\$i Úm.'' Ago lr~m~m§Zr, Vem jrU AdñWoVXoIrb Añnï>
eãXm§V BVam§Zm gm§{JVbo. lr.~mnQ> åhUV hmoV,o ""AmnU _R>mV Mmbmdo. VoWo Amnbr

{ZOmZ§XJ_Z AWm©V _hmg_mYr / 161

gd© ì`dñWm H$aVmo åhUOo Amnë`mbm ~ao dmQ>b o .'' lr~m~m§Zr ""AmÎmm ZH$mo gdS>
Pmbr H$s `oBZ© '' Ago IwUZo M o gm§{JVbo.
lr.H$mio ^moOZ AmQ>mno Zy Ë`m§À`m ~{hUrgh (_WyAmË`m) naV lr~m~m§À`m Kar Ambo.
lr~m~m§À`mOdi lr.~miH¥$îU XmVma, S>m.° Ioa hoM hmoV.o lr~m~m ñdê$nmZwgY§ mZmV _¾
hmoV.o _wImda {Xì` VoO ngabo hmoV.o ì`mYr d emar[aH$ Šboe, Ë`m§Mr X¡dr Am^m PmH$miyZ
Q>mH$Ê`mg Ag_W© hmoV.o Ñï>r ^«_y Ü`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr pñWa H$ê$Z lr~m~m§Zr {eî`m§À`m JamS>çmV
AgyZ, EH$m§V gmYbm hmoVm. ^ŠV_§S>ir H$mVa A§V:H$aUmZo g^modma ~gyZ hmoVr. lr~m~m
S>mi
o o CKSy>Z Amnë`mH$S>o Ñ{ï>jno Q>mH$Vrb dm H$mhr ~mobVrb `m AmeoZo Wm§~br hmoVr.
na§Vw lr~m~m§Mr Ñï>r EH$Xm Or AmË_ñdê$nmÀ`m R>m`r g§b¾ Pmbr hmoVr, Vr nwÝhm T>ibr
Zmhr. _Ü`amÌr ~amo~a ~mam dmOyZ AÇ>mdrg {_{ZQ>mZ§ r lr~m~m Amnë`m n§M_hm^yVmË_H$
XohmMm, brbm{dJ«hmMm, ñdoÀN>Zo o Ë`mJ H$ê$Z, Amnë`m _yi ñdê$nmer, gXm{edmË_H$,
Aì`ŠV na~«÷mer EH$ê$n nmdbo.
AZmWm§Mm ZmW XrZm§Mm H¡$dmarŸ& gmÝVmVm|Zr§ ñdrH$mar AZÝVËdŸ&&
dmgwXdo mZ§VgañdVr Zmht Vo H$s¨ JobŸo & ^amo{Z am{hbo {dídt gmè`mŸ&&
AgVr gH$bm§Mo A§Vam§V VoMrŸ& O¡gm ^md Á`m§gr V¡go {XgVrŸ&&
g_m{YñWmZm§V amhrZ _r {ZË`Ÿ& Eogm da gË` {XYbm Ë`m§ZrŸ&&
EH$ ghò df} amhrZ _r `oWŸ& H$ë`mU H$arV _X²^ŠVm§MŸo &&
Eog| AmídmgZ gX²Jé w ~m~m§MŸo§ & gH${iH$m§ gmM| Ago OmUmŸ&&
Xoh Jobm Var ~m~m dgVr VoWŸ& {XZamV `oW àMrVr hrŸ&&
g_m{Y-_§{Xat amhmoZr VmarZŸ& Am{U CÕarZ gH${iH$m§Ÿ&&
Eogr ^mH$ Ë`m§Mr Yamdr gH$bm§ZtŸ& CnmgZm H$ê$Zr ^OU§o {ZË`Ÿ&&
gm§S>mZo r Ah§Vm bmJmd| MaUtŸ& VZ _Z YZmZt gd©ñdog § rŸ&&
(g§{jßV gX²Jé
w -M[aÌ 12:403-412)
lmdU dÚ MVwWu eH$ 1876, O`Zm_ g§dËga; _§Jidma, A§JmaH$s MVwWu ({X. 18
Am°JñQ> 1954) `m {Xder lr_Þ¥qghgañd{V VWm AŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_WmªZr
Y_m©À`m, B©œamÀ`m H$m`m©gmR>r, Amnë`m na_{à` {eî`mÀ`m, lram_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m
ñdê$n g§àXm`mMm {dñVma H$aÊ`mgmR>r KoVbobm hm Abm¡{H$H$ AdVma nyUË© dmg nmdbm.
OJmbm gX²Jéw ^ŠVrMr {eH$dU XoUmam, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m VoOmoXe©ZmÀ`m _mJm©Mr na§nam,
g_W©nUo nwT>o ZoUmam hm lrXÎmmÌo`m§Mm AdVma gmÝVmVyZ AZ§VmV {dbrZ Pmbm.

162 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 _hm`mÌm d Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ g§ñH$ma
H$mhr jUmVM lr~m~m§À`m _hmg_mYrMo d¥Îm dmè`mgmaIo nwUo ehamV ngabo.
Ag§»` ^ŠVm§Mr A§V:H$aUo, dO«mKmV ìhmdm `mà_mUo {dXrU© Pmbr. lr. XmVma, S>m.°
Ioa AmXr _§S>itZr ^am^a naJmdÀ`m ^ŠVm§Zm Vmam, nÌo nmR>{dbr. ñWm{ZH$ _§S>ir,
hr Xw:IX ~mV_r {_iVmM emoH$mHw$b hmoD$Z Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ À`m Mm¡H$mV O_m Pmbr.
nhmQ>no `ªV OdiOdi gmè`m nwUo ehamÀ`m, {d{dY ^mJmV {dIwaboë`m lr~m~m§À`m
Ag§»` {eî`, ^ŠV Am{U MmhË`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m {Z`m©UmMr ~mV_r {_imbr. lrgX²Jéw
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm aËZm{Jar `oWo Vm~S>Vmo~ Vma nmR>{dbobr hmoVr. gX²Jwé§À`m
{dahmZo emoH$_¾ AdñWoV AgyZXoIrb, AIoa Jwdm©km gd©lðo > _mZyZ Ë`m§Zr aËZm{Jar
Z gmoS>Ê`mMm {ZU©` KoVbm. lr~m~m§Zr ñnï> {Z:g§{X½Y eãXmV Ë`m§Zm ""Vwbm Oo Úmd`mMo
hmoVo Vo XoD$Z Pmbo Amho. AmVm `oWo {XgV Agbobm Xoh åhUOo ApñWM_©`Šw V H$boda
Amho. Voìhm nwÝhm Xe©ZmgmR>r nwÊ`mV `oÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. Amkm {_ion`ªV
aËZm{JargM amhmdo,'' Aer Amkm Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr Ëd[aV Xwgar Vma H$ê$Z
""_r Jwdm©kM o o Cëb§KZ H$ê$Z aËZm{Jar gmoS>y eH$V Zmhr. Vwåhr gd© _§S>itZr, nydu
lr~m~m§Zr gy{MV Ho$ë`mà_mUo, Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ g§ñH$ma nyU© H$am. _mPr dmQ> nmhmV Wm§~y
ZH$m,'' Agm {Zamon nmR>{dbm.
gH$mi hmoVmM O_boë`m ^ŠVm§Zm, naJmdhÿZ gVV `oV Agboë`m _§S>itZm,
lr~m~m§Mo A§{V_ Xe©Z ZrQ>nUo KoVm `mdo åhUyZ Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ À`m _Yë`m Mm¡H$mV
lr~m~m§Mm Xoh \w$bm§Zr, hmam§Zr e¥J§ mê$Z R>do Ê`mV Ambm hmoVm. {eî`-^ŠV {Z:eãXnUo
Amnë`m gX²Jwé§Mo ê$n S>moù`mV AIoaMo gmR>dyZ KoV hmoVo. Mmodrg Vmg gwÕm gX²Jwé§À`m
Xe©ZmMm A§Vam` Á`m§Zm OrdKoUm dmQ>V hmoVm, Aer {H$Ë`oH$ _§S>ir ho Xe©Z A§{V_
AgUma `m {dMmamZo Jb~byZ Jobr hmoVr. nmUmdboë`m S>mù o `m§Zr EH$EH$ OU `oD$Z
~m~m§À`m MaUm§da, Xohmda nwînhma An©U H$ê$Z nmR>_moam Z hmoVm _mJo gaV hmoVm.
Xwnman`ªV Aem VèhoZo ^ŠVm§Mr Xe©ZmgmR>r Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o arK bmJyZ am{hbr
hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noMo A§{H$V, Ago AZoH$OU nañnam§Zm An[a{MV Agbobo {eî`
d ^ŠV àW_M Ë`m {Xder EH$_oH$m§Zm ^oQ>V hmoV.o lr~m~m§À`m XohmMr gmoZMmâ`m§À`m
\w$bm§da _mV H$aUmar VoO:nw§O H$m§Vr, hm gdmªÀ`m {dñ_`mMm {df` ~Zbm hmoVm.
_¥Ë`yMr AdH$im VoWo boe_mÌ ZìhVr.

_hm`mÌm d Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ g§ñH$ma / 163

 {ZH$Q>dVr© ^ŠVm§Zr, {eî`m§Zr A§V`mÌoMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mH$S>o bj di{dbo.
lr~m~m§À`m _wImdmQ>o AZoH$m§Zr ""_r _mÂ`m ñnogda, ßbm°Q>da EH$ hOma df} ^ŠVm§gmR>r
amhmUma Amho'' ho CX²Jma ~aoM doim EoH$bm hmoV.o Voìhm gdmªZr lr~m~m§Mr BÀN>m, Ë`m§Mo
Am¡Üd©X{o hH$ lr.I§S>ao md dmK `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm ~jrgnÌmÝd`o An©U Ho$boë`m, 937 S>r,
MVw:e¥J§ r amoS> `m Ë`m§À`m ñdV:À`m _mbH$sÀ`m ßbm°Q>_Ü`o ìhmdo Aer hmoVr, Agm
{ZîH$f© H$mTy>Z Ë`m Ñï>rZo Amdí`H$ Vr nadmZJr {_i{dÊ`mMr IQ>nQ> gwê$ Ho$br. `m
H$m_mV lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy lr.AÊUmgmho~ JwßVo _wÝg\$ Am{U lr~m~m§Mo {eî`
lr.à.nw.Omoer `m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoVbm. Ë`mgmR>r nwÊ`mMo H$boŠQ>a lr.{MÝ_wiJwX§ `m§À`mH$S>o
AO© H$aÊ`mV Ambm. Ë`m§À`m _ZmV lr~m~m§{df`r nyÁ` ^mdZm Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr
gËda nadmZJr {Xbr. Ë`m nadmZJrÀ`m Omoamda nwUo å`w{Z{gnm{bQ>rZohr g§_Vr XoD$Z
Ë`m§À`m A{YH$mè`mZo Ë`m ßbm°Q>_Ü`o Zo_Š`m H$moUË`m OmJr XhZg§ñH$ma H$amd`mMm Vo
XmIdyZ {Xbo. Vr OmJm ZH$memda nydu lr~m~m§Zr AJmoXaM XmI{dbr hmoVr. hr nadmZJr
{_iUo hr EH$ Agm_mÝ`M KQ>Zm åhUmdr bmJob. H$maU Aem VèhoZo ImOJr O{_ZrV
XhZg§ñH$ma H$ê$ Z XoÊ`mda å`w{Z{gnm{bQ>r d emgZmMm \$ma H$Q>mj AgVmo. na§Vw
lr~m~m§À`m BÀN>{o déÕ OmÊ`mMo gm_Ï`© H$moUmÀ`m A§JmV Amho ?
~wYdmar Xwnmar MmaÀ`m gw_mamg _hm`mÌoMr {gÕVm Pmbr. eoH$S>mo ^ŠVm§À`m
CnpñWVrV lr~m~m§Mm nm{W©d Xoh {eî`m§À`m Im§Úmdê$Z, Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ À`m qXS>r-
XadmOmMm C§~aR>m Amobm§S>yZ, Amnë`m {Z`mo{OV "ñnog'H$S>o {ZKmbm. OdiOdi Vodrg
df} Á`m Yw_mim§À`m dmS>çmV lr~m~m§Zr dmñVì` Ho$bo, Amnë`m gm{ÞÜ`mZo Ë`mÀ`m
{ZOr©d XJS>m{dQ>mÀ§ `m q^VtZm nmdZ Ho$bo, Ë`m dmS>çmÀ`m q^Vr _yH$nUo Aly T>miV
Cä`m hmoË`m. lr~m~m§À`m Jwbm~nwînm§hZÿ gwH$w _ma MaUm§Mm ñne© N>mVrda PobÊ`mÀ`m
^m½`mbm AmnU `mnwT>o _wH$Uma `m doXZoZo dmS>çmÀ`m Mm¡H$mVrb XJS>r \$aer H§${nV
Pmbr hmoVr.
^ŠV_§S>ir ^OZ d Zm_ñ_aU H$arV lr~m~m§À`m _hm`mÌoV Anyd© ^mdmdñWoMm
AZw^d KoV EH$ EH$ nmD$b CMby bmJbr. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m nwÊ`{VWr{Z{_Îm
{ZKUmè`m nmbIr gmohù`mV Xadfu AmdOyZ© gh^mJr hmoUmao, lrñdm_r g_WmªMo
^ŠV lr.dmS>XHo $a Am{U Ë`m§Mo ^OZr_§S>i Q>mi, drUm Am{U _¥XJ§w mÀ`m gmWrZo gwñda
JmV hmoV.o lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m {eî`m lr_Vr amYm~mB© dmKmobrH$a, d` df} EH$eonmM,
Xoh^mZ {dgê$Z qXS>rV ZmMV hmoË`m. gmjmV d¡H$§w R> ^yVbmda Amë`mMm nmhmUmè`m§Zm
^mg ìhmdm, AgoM gmao Ñí` {XgV hmoVo. _hm`mÌm àW_ lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m

164 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_R>mg_moa OmD$Z C^r am{hbr. VoWo A^§J åhQ>bm Jobm. lr~m~m Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `m
_R>mÀ`m dmQ>odê$Z eodQ>Mo Xe©Z KoD$Z nwT>o Mmbbo hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm AmoiIUmè`m
AmgnmgÀ`m eoH$S>mo ZmJ[aH$m§Mo S>mi o o lr~m~m§Zm Amobmdboë`m ZOam§Zr AIoaMo d§XZ
H$arV hmoV.o `mM dmQ>do a lr~m~m§Zm, `m gd© _§S>itZr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mVyZ
`oUmè`m àË`oH$mbm, gmï>mJ§ bmoQ>mJ§ U KmbVmZm nm{hbo hmoV.o _R>mVrb nmUŠ`mM H$m`,
na§Vw EImXo _m§Oa Oar _R>mÀ`m nm`è`m§dê$Z Imbr CVaV Agob Var Ë`mbmgwÕm
gX²Jéw M § o ñdê$n _mZyZ Vo d§XZ H$arV AgV. àË`oH$ nm`arda _ñVH$ Q>Ho $sV, Jmo~è`m,
Jwbm~r H$aH$_bm§Mr Am|Oi H$ê$Z lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m à{V_onTw >,o ~mb^mdmZo,
AmO©dmZo VmgZ²Vmg {dZdÊ`m H$aUmao lr~m~m AmVm Amnë`mbm nmaIo Pmbo `mMr
hþahÿa _R>mVrb àË`oH$mbm H$mgmdrg H$arV hmoVr.
_hm`mÌm nwT>o gaH$br. Am|H$maoœambm digm KmbyZ Ho$gar dV©_mZnÌmÀ`m
H$m`m©b`mdê$Z, g§^mOr nwbmdê$Z S>oŠH$Z {O_ImÝ`mda Ambr. VoWyZ \$½`w©gZ
H$m°bO o g_moê$Z, lrkmZoœa nmXwH$m Mm¡H$mV Ambr. VoWZy lr~m~m§Mm âbm°Q> OdiM
hmoVm. qXS>r lrkmZoœa nmXwH$m _§{Xamg_moa Wm§~dyZ ""Amåhr OmVmo A_wÀ`m Jmdm'' hm
A^§J, ^ŠVm§Zr {dìhi hmoD$Z Jm`bm. _hm`mÌoMm A§{V_ Q>ßnm PnPn MmbyZ g§n{dbm
Am{U _§S>ir ßbm°Q>da lr~m~m§À`m ""ñnog''da Ambr. H$mhr ^ŠV_§S>itZr gH$mirM
nwT>o `oD$Z, ßbm°Q>Mr WmoS>r\$ma gm\$g\$mB© Ho$br hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m A{¾g§ñH$mamgmR>r
M§XZmMr bmH$S>o AmUyZ R>do br hmoVr. Ë`m§Mr {MVm aMyZ OmoS>rbm H$mnya, Yyn BË`mXr
gwJY§ r nXmWmªMmgwÕm dmna Ho$bm Jobm. lr~m~m§Mm Xoh {MVoeOmar CVadyZ R>do Ê`mV
Ambm. lr~m~m§Zr Á`m§Mm ~arM df} godoH$ar åhUyZ A§JrH$ma Ho$bm hmoVm, Ë`m
lr.Z.^m.H$mù`m§À`m hmVyZ gemó A§Ë`g§ñH$ma {dYr H$aÊ`mV Ambm. lr~m~m§Mm Xoh
àË`j {MVoda R>do VmZm nmhÿZ {H$Ë`oH$m§Zm ^S>^Sy>Z Ambo. lr~m~m Amnbo {H$Vr {ZH$Q>Mo
AmßV AmhoV `mMr Ë`m§Zm Ë`m {Xder àW_M OmUrd Pmbr. M§XZmÀ`m bmH$S>m_§ Ü`o
lr~m~m§Mm Xoh {XgoZmgm Pmbm. WmoS>çmM doimV A{¾Zmam`UmZo Amnë`m YJYJË`m
Ádmim§Zr {MVm bnoQ>yZ KoVbr. {Z:eãX AdñWoV gd© _§S>ir J§^ra Mohè`mZo C^r
hmoVr. PaPa {MÌnQ> gaH$mdm Ë`mà_mUo, lr~m~m§Mr Ag§»` Xe©Z,o Ë`m§Mo ^mfU,
Ë`m§Mo AZw^d àË`oH$mÀ`m A§Vüjwg_moa VaiyZ Job.o {MVm em§V hmoD$ bmJë`mZ§Va
EH$EH$OU Kar naVy bmJbm. àË`oH$mbm ñdV:Mo CKS>no U {IÞ H$arV hmoV.o naJmdr
amhUmè`m ^ŠVm§n`ªV hiyhiy hr Xw:IX ~mV_r Vmam, nÌo `mÛmao nmohmoMVr hmoV hmoVr.
Xwgao {Xder gH$mir gmS>oZD$À`m gw_mamg lr.AÊUmgmho~ JwßVo, Am§~oH$a,

_hm`mÌm d Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ g§ñH$ma / 165

Z.^m.H$mio, J§Y_o m_m, b.am.\$S>H$o , à.nw. Omoer Am{U BVahr AZoH$ ^ŠV_§S>ir
ßbm°Q>da, {dPboë`m {MVo^modVr O_br hmoVr. ~«m÷UmH$Sy>Z _§ÌnydH© $ ajm ewÕr H$aÊ`mV
Ambr. gmdH$me EH$EH$ Jmodar, {MVm^ñ_ ~mOybm gmê$Z lr~m~m§À`m AñWtMm,
_§S>ir emoY KoD$ bmJbr. Amü`m©Mr Jmoï> åhUOo Ë`m doir ajm ~mOybm gmaë`mZ§Va
gd© AñWr, OoWë`m VoWo AbJX _m§S>yZ R>do mì`mV Aem AmT>ië`m. lr~m~m§À`m nyU©
XohmH¥$VrMm ^mg ìhmdm Vem gd© AñWr OmJÀ`m OmJr AmT>ië`m. lr~m~m Zoh_r
H$ZdQ>rbm bmdrV Agbbr XrS>H$s, Ë`m§À`m ~moQ>mV Zoh_r AgUmè`m A§JR>çm, Ë`mVrb
EH$ ZdJ«hmMr hmoVr, Aem gd© dñVy Á`mbm gmnS>ë`m, Ë`mZo Ë`m ñdV:gmR>r lr~m~m§Mm
àgmX dm ñ_¥{V{MÝh åhUyZ Amnmnë`m Kar Zoë`m. {H$Ë`oH$m§Zr Ë`mVrb {M_yQ> {M_yQ>
ajm H$mJXmÀ`m nwS>rV ~m§YZy Amnë`m Kar Zobr.
XmoZ {XdgmZ§VaÀ`m ewH$« dma, {X. 20 Am°JñQ>À`m "Ho$gar' dV©_mZnÌmVyZ gmè`m
_hmamï´>mV hr ~mV_r ngabr. Jwédma, {XZm§H$ 26 Am°JñQ> amoOr Xe_{XZ {dYr,
{Vbm§Obr H$m`©H$« _ ßbm°Q>daM H$aÊ`mMo R>abo hmoV.o OmJobm VmËnwaVo VmaoMo H§$nmCÊS>
H$ê$Z AmV_Ü`o EH$ H$mnS>mMr H$ZmV ~m§YZy _m§S>d V`ma Ho$bm hmoVm. lr.ZriH§$R>amd
Iao d gm¡.{Z_©bmVmB© dÜ`m©hZÿ Ë`mM {Xder gH$mir Ambo hmoV.o H$ë`mU, _w~§ B© BË`mXr
{R>H$mUm§hZÿ ^ŠV_§S>ir O_m hmoV hmoVr. ~mhoaJmdmhÿZ Amboë`m _§S>irÀ`m ñZmZmMr
gmo` ßbm°Q>daM H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio ~è`mMem, nañna ñQ>e o Zdê$Z Amboë`m
_§S>itZm, XwgarH$S>o Omdo bmJbo Zmhr. gdmªZr {Vbm§Obr An©U Ho$br. Á`m OmJoda
Xmhg§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm Ë`m {R>H$mUr \w$bo dmhÿZ gdmªZr, lr~m~m§Mo A§V`m©_r
ñ_aU Ho$bo. qnS>mbm H$mH$ñne© hmoÊ`mg XwnmaMm EH$ dmOon`ªV dmQ> nmhmdr bmJbr.
lr. ZmZmgmho~ ~mnQ>, AÊUmgmho~ JwßVo (XmoKo lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Y)y , am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a,
am_^mD$ Am§~Ho $a, XmVma, bmJy B. {eî`-^ŠV _§S>ir§nH¡ $s àË`oH$mZo Amnmnë`m narZo
H$mhr g§H$ën Cƒmê$Z nm{hbo. EH$_oH$m§Zm ""Vwåhr A_wH$ åhUm åhUOo lr~m~m g§Vmof
nmdVrb'' Aer ~mobUr AmnmngmV gwê$ Pmbr. X^m©Mm H$mdim H$ê$Z n`m©` dmnaUo
Hw$Umbm `mo½` dmQ>Zo m.
Voìhm lr.ZmZmgmho~ ~mnQ>, lr.JwßVo `m§Zr ""lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mm _R>
gm¡.{M_mVmBªMr H$miOr KoBb © , Ë`m§Zm hdo-ZH$mo nmhrb'' Aem AWm©Mo dMZ {Xbo.
lr.bmJy _moVrdmbo `m§Zr "lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z _mPo H$mhrhr `oUo Zmhr' Ago _moR>çmZo gm§{JVbo.
lr.am_^mD$ OmoJioH$a, am_M§Ð ~mnyOr Am§~Ho $a `m§Zr "AmnU {Zh}VHw $nUo lr~m~m§Mr
godm H$arV amhÿ' Ago gm§{JVbo. lr.~mnQ> `m§Zm Hw$UrVar ""lr~m~m ñdV§Ì AmhoV''

166 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Ago åhUmd`mg gm§{JVbo. ho gd© Mmbbo AgVmZm H$mdim _Ü`oM Ho$ìhmVar `oD$Z
qnS>mbm {edyZ Jobm. Ë`mdê$Z lr~m~m§Zr Amnbm g§H$ën _mÝ` Ho$bm Ago Á`mZo Ë`mZo
Xwgè`mbm gm§Jm`bm gwédmV Ho$br. na§Vw Aem VH$m©Zo lr~m~m§Zm gm_mÝ` àmn§{MH$
_Zwî`mÀ`m n§ŠVrV ~g{dÊ`mMm Xmof bmJVmo. Á`mZo Ë`mZo Amnmnë`m ~wÕrà_mUo,
lÕoà_mUo EH§$Xa KQ>ZM o r g§JVr bmdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm. na§Vw JVH$mbmda Ñ{ï>jno
Q>mH$ë`mg, lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mo g_m{YñWmZ Á`m AmË_r`VoZ,o
JwénwÌmÀ`m ~m§{YbH$sZo gm§^mibo Ë`mMm {dMma H$ê$ nmhmVm nwT>rb ñnï>rH$aU ho
g`wpŠVH$ Am{U gwgJ§ V dmQ>V.o
lr~m~m§Zr Amnbm ñdê$n g§àXm` nwT>o Mmb{dÊ`mMo H$m`© lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§da gmon{dbo hmoV.o ""VwPm Ah§H$ma AmOnmgyZ _r KoVbm Am{U VwPo gd© H$mhr
`mnwT>o _rM H$arZ'' `m hmVmda hmV R>do Zy {Xboë`m dMZmÛmao lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm JwénwÌmMo
ñWmZ {Xë`mMo gy{MVhr Ho$bo hmoV.o Aem nmœ©^_y rda H$mdim qnS>mbm {edUo dJ¡ao
R>moH$Vmio lr~m~m§À`m g§X^m©V J¡abmJy R>aVmV. H$maU Ë`m§Mo Xoh{dgO©Z ho gm_mÝ`
OZm§gmaIo ZgyZ Vo {eî`mÀ`m Xohm_Ü`o, ñdoÀN>oZo Ho$bobo g§H«$_U hmoVo. Xwgam _wÔm
Agmhr _m§S>Vm `oVmo H$s emómZwgma Ordmbm OÝ_, VrZ H$maUmñVd KoUo ^mJ nmS>V.o
EH$ åhUOo na_oœar BÀN>oZo, Xwgao H$maU gX²Jwé§À`m$H$m`m©gmR>r BÀN>oZo OJmV `mdo
bmJUo Am{U {Vgao H$maU åhUOo ñdH$_©\$bmZwgma, g§H$ën-{dH$ënmË_H$ ~§YmÀ`m
`moJo àmaãY ^moJZy g§n{dÊ`mH$[aVm OÝ_ ¿`mdm bmJUo. lr~m~m§Mm AdVma hm gd©ñdr
na_oœar BÀN>oZo qH$~hþZm na_oœamZoM ñdoÀN>m XohYmar hmoD$Z `mdo Aem H$moQ>tVrb
hmoVm. Ë`m_wio hm àg§J Am{U Ë`m g§X^m©V bmoH$m§Zr H$mT>bb
o o {ZîH$f© `m§À`mH$S>o Xwbj
© M
Ho$bo nm{hOo. dmMH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo `m àg§JmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo KS>bobo ^ŠVm§À`m, {eî`m§À`m
_Zmoì`mnmamMo Xe©Z, hoM {dMmamV KoUo Bï> R>ab o .
lr~m~m§Mo Voamdo {Xdgm§n`ªVMo gd© {dYr {eî`m§Zr nma nmS>b.o lr~m~m§À`m Kar
CXH$em§Vr {dYr Pmbm. gdmªZm àgmX XoÊ`mV Ambm.
***

_hm`mÌm d Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$ g§ñH$ma / 167

 lr~m~m§Mo H$mhr ñd^md{deof
lr~m~m§À`m VoO:nwO
§ Am{U ^ì` ì`pŠV_ÎdmMo BVam§À`m _Zmda XS>nU Z `oVm
CbQ> Ë`m§À`m ghdmgmMr, nwZX©eZmMr EH$ Abm¡{H$H$ AmoT> _Zmbm bmJyZ amhmdr
AgmM gdmªZm AZw^d `oV Ago. gaH$mar ZmoH$ar_Yrb d[að> hþ>Ôçm_wio Ë`m§Zm
"amdgmho~' Ago gÝ_mZnyd©H$ g§~moYZ ê$T> Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m ì`pŠV_Îdmbm d
Am¡Xm`©nU
y © ñd^mdmbm Vo Mm§JboM IwbZy {XgV Ago.
Amnna^mdmbm Wmam Zmhr
lr~m~m amhmV Agboë`m Zmam`U noR>oVrb Yw_midmS>çmÀ`m _mbH$m§À`m Kar
EH$Xm b¾H$m`© hmoV.o Yw_mim§À`m _wbmMoM b¾ Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr dmS>çmbm {dOoÀ`m
{Xì`m§Mr amofUmB© Ho$br hmoVr. `m amofUmB©gmR>r Amdí`H$ Agbobm drOnwadR>m _mÌ
Yw_mim§Zr, lr~m~m amhmV Agboë`m ImobrVrb _rQ>a_YyZM KoVbm hmoVm. lr~m~m ho
EH$Va Yw_mim§Mo ^mS>Ho $ê$ Am{U Ë`mV Ë`m§Mr gX¡d {dXohr Am{U bm¡{H$H$ OJmÀ`m
Ñï>rZo ^«{_ï> _mUgmgmaIr pñWVr nmhÿZ, Yw_mim§Zr lr~m~m§Mr Am¡nMm[aH$gwÕm
nadmZJr Z {dMmaVm, hm EH$ àH$maMm CÔm_nUmM Ho$bm hmoVm. lr~m~m§Zr H$mhr `m
Jmoï>rMr XIb KoVbr Zmhr. na§Vw Ë`m§Mo Oo ^ŠV Ë`m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oV AgV, Ë`m§Zm
_mÌ hr Jmoï> IQ>H$br. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm VH«$ma H$aÊ`mnmgyZ amoIbo d AmnUgwÕm
ñdñW ~gyZ am{hbo.
Ooìhm {dOoMo {~b ^a_gmQ> Ambobo nm{hbo Voìhm Z amhdyZ EH$m {eî`mZo
lr~m~m§Zm åhQ>bo, ""~m~m, AmnU Yw_mim§H$Sy>Z `m OmXm {~bmMo n¡go dgyb
H$am`MoM. Ë`m§À`m _wbmÀ`m b¾mMm ^wXªS> AmnU H$m` åhUyZ gmogm`Mm ? Vwåhr
_bm gm§Jm; _r AmÎmmÀ`m AmÎmm Ë`m Yw_mim§H$S>o OmVmo.'' lr~m~m§Zr hmVmZoM Ë`m§Zm
ZH$mo åhUyZ gm§{JVbo, ""Aao, _mÂ`m _wbmMo Oa b¾ AgVo Va _r `m IMm©bm
Hw$aHw$abmo AgVmo H$m` ? hm gJim IM© _rM Ho$bm AgVm Zm ? _J AmÎmmhr
AmnU VgoM g_Oy åhUOo Pmbo. Vy hr {~bmMr Jmoï> {dgê$Z Om Am{U n¡go~rgo
_mJm`bm OmD$ ZH$mog.'' lr~m~m§À`m AmkonwT>o Ë`m {eî`mMm {Zénm` Pmbm.
Amnna^mdmbm lr~m~m§À`m A§V:H$aUmV Oamhr Wmam ZìhVm `mMoM hm àg§J åhUOo
EH$ CXmhaU R>amdm.

168 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 Jwé~§Y{y df`rMm {Oìhmim
lr.{~~rH$a ZmdmMo EH$ Jwé~§Yy lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Zoh_r `oV AgV.
Vo nwUo {OëømVrb IoS> OdiÀ`m {~~r Jmdr amhmV AgV. {VWo Ë`m§Mo ñdV:Mo EH$
{dÇ>b-aIw_mB©Mo _§{Xa hmoV.o Ë`m _§{XamV Vo à{Vdfu CËgd H$arV AgV. EH$m dfu
CËgdmgmR>r {ZYr Jmoim H$amdm åhUyZ Vo nwÊ`mV Ambo Am{U _R>mV am{hbo, na§Vw
Ë`m§Mm ñd^md {^S>ñV Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm Hw$UmH$S>o n¡go _mJÊ`mMm g§H$moM dmQ>o Am{U
AmnUhÿZ H$moUr Ë`m§Zm H$mhr {Xbo Zmhr. ho Amnbo _ZmVë`m _ZmV, lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOm§Zm gmH$S>o KmbyZ ~gbo. eodQ>r n¡go O_m Pmbo ZmhrV åhUyZ KarXoIrb Jobo
ZmhrV. {IÞ hmoD$Z _R>mVM am{hbo d CËgdmMr {VWr CbQy>Z Joë`mda Mma {Xdgm§Zr
{ha_wgë`m Vm|S>mZo Jmdmbm Amnë`m Kar naVbo. nËZrZo H$mhr àý {dMmê$ Z`oV åhUyZ
AmnUhÿZ CËgdmMm {df` Z H$mT>Vm JßnM am{hbo. na§Vw nËZrZoM CËgd Mm§Jë`m
àH$mao nma nS>bm dJ¡ao d¥Îmm§V gm§JVmM lr.{~~rH$am§Zm Amü`© dmQ>bo d Ë`m§Zr IMm©Mr
{_idUr H$er H$m` Ho$br dJ¡ao {dMmabo. Voìhm nËZrZo gm§{JVbo, ""CËgdmgmR>r Vwåhr
n¡go KoD$Z `mb `m Ameoda _r hmoV.o na§Vw Vwåhr AmbmM Zmhr, Ë`m_wio _bm H$miOr
dmQy> bmJbr. BVŠ`mV CËgdmÀ`m AJmoXa Mma-ghm {Xdg amdgmho~m§Zr nwÊ`mhÿZ
nmR>{dbobr _{ZAm°S>a© {_imbr. Pmbo, _J _mPr qMVm {_Q>br. Ë`m n¡emVyZ {dÇ>b-
aIw_mB©Mm C>Ëgd ì`dpñWV gmOam Pmbm.'' lr~m~m§Mr Amnë`mdarb _m`m Am{U
Ë`m§Mo Am¡Xm`© nmhÿZ lr.{~~rH$am§À`m S>moù`mV Amgdo Vamabr. lr~m~m§Zm Amnë`m
gd©M Jwé~§Y~y Ôb Aer AmË_r`Vm Am{U AJË` hmoV.o
lr~m~m§Mm eoOmaY_©
lr~m~m§Mo _m{gH$ noÝeZ {_imbo H$s Ë`mVrb Xhm én`o H$mTy>Z Vo EImÚm
godHo $è`mbm, ^ŠVmbm XoV d Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Amnë`m ñdV:gmR>r KamV Cn`wŠV AgUmè`m
{Za{Zamù`m dñVy§Mr, CXm. gwB©-Xmoam, H$mnyg, noZ dm Q>mH$mMr {Z\o$, nmoñQ>H$mS>}, nm{H$Q>o
dJ¡aM | r EH$ `mXr H$ê$Z gmondrV. ""`m{edm` Vwbm H$mhr AmUmdogo dmQ>bo Va `mVyZM
AmU Ago åhUV.'' dñVy AmUë`mda Ë`m§Mr IaoXr XjVmnydH© $ Ho$br Amho H$s Zmhr
ho dñVyM § r qH$_V, Ë`m§Mm XOm© `mdê$Z VnmgyZ nmhmV AgV. `m Ë`m§À`m IaoXrMm Vo
amhmV Agboë`m Yw_midmS>çmVrb BVa ^mS>Ho $ê§$Zm Mm§Jbm Cn`moJ hmoV Ago. H$moUmbm
EImÚm dñVyM § r JaO bmJbr Va Vr lr~m~m§H$S>o h_Img {_iUma `m ImÌrZo Vmo
_mJmd`mg `oB© d dñVy KoD$Z OmB©. lr~m~m§Zm ^º$m§H$Sy>Z _ZrAm°S>©ar `oV AgV.

lr~m~m§Mo H$mhr ñd^md{deof / 169

nmoñQ>_Z n¡go AmUVmZm XmoZ én`m§Mm IwXm© AmUm`Mo Am{U _J lr~m~m Vo n¡go Odi
Agboë`m§Zm dmQ>m`Mo.
lr~m~m§Mr ^yVX`m
lr~m~m§À`m KamV EH$Xm EH$m gmnmMo {n„ÿ {ZKmbo. lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr Ë`m doir
hOa Agboë`m lr.H$mio `m lr~m~m§À`m godoH$è`m§Zm Vo _mam`bm gm§{JVbo.
lrAmB©gmho~m§À`m nwÝhmnwÝhm gm§JÊ`m_wio lr.H$mio `m§Zr Vo _mabo. ho nmhÿZ lr~m~m
amJmZo åhUmbo, ""H$m` _mab§V EH$XmMm Ë`mbm ? Vwåhmbm Hw$Ur Ago R>M o Zy _mabo
AgVo, _J H$go dmQ>bo AgVo ?'' Ë`m§Zr Ë`m _oboë`m gmnmÀ`m {n„mH$S>o nm{hbo d
åhUmbo, ""AmVm Ag§ H$am, Ë`mÀ`m A§Jmda {M_yQ>^a A§Jmam Kmbm Am[U _J CMbyZ
Q>mH$m.''
^ŠVmZo AmUbobr _mYwH$ar J«hU Ho$br
lr _§JidoT>oH$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` lr.{^S>o, ho nwÊ`m_Ü`o ZmVy§À`m {ed_§{XamV
amhmV hmoV.o Ë`m§Mm {edUH$m_mMm ì`dgm` hmoVm. Ë`mdaM Ë`m§Mm M[aVmW© Adb§~Zy
Ago. {edm` à{V{XZ _mYwH$ar _mJyZ Vo OodrV AgV. EH$Xm O_qIS>rMo am_Xmgr
JmoIbo ZmdmMo Ë`m§Mo EH$ ñZohr Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Ambo AgVmZm Jßnm§V ghO {df` {ZKmbm
Voìhm lr.{^S>o åhUmbo, ""nwÊ`mV AŠH$bH$moQ> ñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m VmoS>rMo H$moUr gËnwéf
AgVrb VaM _bm Ë`m§À`m Xe©ZmMr BÀN>m Amho.'' lr.JmoIbo Vm~S>Vmo~ åhUmbo,
""AmnU åhUVm Ë`mà_mUo gmjmV lrAŠH$bH$moQ> ñdm_rM AmhoV. lramdgmho~ VWm
lr~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo Zm_H$ nwÊ`mV dmñVì` Agbobo gËnwéf _bm kmV AmhoV.
Vw_Mr BÀN>m Agë`mg _r Vwåhmbm Ë`m§À`mH$S>o KoD$Z OmB©Z.'' {^S>o åhUmbo, ""_mPr
V`mar Amho; na§Vw Ë`m§À`m nm`mda S>mHo $o R>do md`mMo H$s Zmhr Vo _mÌ _r ñdV:À`m _ZmZo
R>adrZ.'' ho XmoKoOU Ooìhm Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Jobo Voìhm
lr~m~m {ZObobo hmoV.o Xma T>H$byZ ho XmoKO o U AmV_Ü`o àdoe H$aVmM lr~m~m JmXrda
CRy>Z ~gbo.
lr.{^S>o `m§Zr jU^a Ë`m§À`mH$S>o nm{hbo _mÌ Am{U ñdV:bm lr~m~m§À`m nm`mda
bmoQ>yZ {Xbo. Ë`m§Zm gmjmV lrAŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr ñdm_r g_WmªM,o JmXrda ~gbobo
Xe©Z Pmbo. Ë`m {XdgmnmgyZ {^S>o amoO gm`§H$mir lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm `oD$ bmJbo.
lr.{^S>o gVV lrJwéM[aÌ gßVmh H$arV AgV. Ë`m§Zr Am`wî`^amV 1008 nmam`Uo

170 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Ho$br. lr~m~m Ë`m§Zm amoO amÌr nmdeoa XyY nmR>drV AgV. AZoH$ df} hm Zo_ Mmbbm
hmoVm.
EH$ {Xdg lr.{^S>o `m§À`m _ZmV Aer BÀN>m {Z_m©U Pmbr H$r AmnU Or _mYwH$ar
AmUVmo Ë`mÀ`mVrb H$mhr A§e J«hU H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m§Zm `oWo Am_§ÌU Úmdo. na§Vw
Aer {dZ§Vr H$aÊ`mMo Ë`m§Zm Y¡`© hmoV ZìhVo, Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Mr hr BÀN>m Ë`m§À`m _ZmVM
amhÿZ Jobr hmoVr. EH$ {Xdg XwnmaMr doi AgVmZm AMmZH$ lr~m~m åhUmbo,
""Amnë`mbm AmÎmmÀ`m AmÎmm {^S>çm§H$S>o Om`M§` !'' ~amo~arMr _§S>ir åhUmbr,
""AmÎmm XwnmaMo ~mam dmOboV, Ë`mV {^S>o ñdV:M _mYwH$ar _mJyZ OodUmao, Aem doir
AmnU H$embm VoWo OmVm` ?'' lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m ~mobÊ`mH$S>o Xwbj © Ho$bo Am{U
åhUmbo, ""_mYwH$ar Va _mYwH$ar. Mbm gJio'' Ago åhUyZ gd© _§S>ir lr. {^S>çm§H$S>o
Ambr. Ë`m doir lr.{^S>o KamoKa _mJyZ AmUboë`m _mYwH$arMm Xodmbm Z¡dÚ o XmIdrV
hmoV.o AMmZH$ Ü`mZr_Zr ZgVmZm lr~m~m Amnë`mH$S>o Ambobo nmhÿZ lr.{^S>o hf©^[aV
Pmbo. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m {Xder Ë`m§À`m _mYwH$arVrb WmoS>mgm ^mJ J«hU Ho$bm. Amnbo
_ZmoJV A§Vñgm{jËdmZo OmUyZ lr~m~m ñdV: `oWo Ambo d Amnbr _mYwH$ar J«hU
Ho$br `m Jmoï>r_wio lr.{^S>o `m§Zm H¥$VH¥$Ë` Pmë`mgmaIo dmQ>bo.
{dXoh AdñWm
AI§S> AmË_mZwgY§ mZmV VëbrZ Pmboë`m ì`ŠVrMr Xoh~wÕr nyUV© : b`mg OmVo.
ñdV:À`m earamÀ`m g§ajUmMr {Vbm {\$H$sa CaV Zmhr. ""Xoh Omdmo AWdm amhmo,''
Aer d¥Îmr A§Jr ~mUVo. OZH$amOmMm EH$ nm` A¾rÀ`m Ádmim§V gmnS>bm Varhr
Ë`mMr {dXohr pñWVr ^§J nmdy eH$br Zmhr. lr~m~mgwÕm Amnë`m XohmÀ`m {R>H$mUr
Agm CXmgrZ ^md R>odyZ, AmË_mZ§XmV gX¡d {Z_¾ Agë`mMo Ë`m§À`m {eî`m§À`m
AZw^dmg `oV Ago. Ë`m§À`m AmoR>mV, hmVmÀ`m ~moQ>m§V eodQ>n`ªV OiV am{hbobr
{gJmaoQ> {H$Ë`oH$Xm ^ŠVm§Zr H$mTy>Z, {dPdÊ`mMr doi `oV Ago.
nU `m AdñWoVgwÕm gX²Jéw ^ŠVm§Mo H$go ajUH$V} AmhoV `mMm nS>Vmim ^ŠVm§Zm
nmhmd`mg {_iV Ago. EH$Xm lr~m~m d BVa XmoKM o m¡Ko ^ŠV nm`rM ~mhoa {ZKmbo.
lr~m~m§M,o _Ü`oM Wm§~V, WmoS>o hiy, WmoS>o ^am^a Aem àH$maMo MmbUo Ago. dmQ>Vo
H$embm Z_ñH$ma H$am`Mm, H$mhr {dH$V ¿`mdogo dmQ>bo Va EImÚm XwH$mZmV {eam`Mo,
Aem àH$mao gmdH$menUo MmbV, MmbV e{Zdma noR>_o Yrb A{hë`mXodr _wbtÀ`m
hm`ñHy$bg_moa Ambo. Ë`m emioÀ`mg_moa EH$ _méVrMo _§{Xa Amho. lr~m~m§Mo {VH$S>o

lr~m~m§Mo H$mhr ñd^md{deof / 171

bj OmVmM Ë`m§Zr Amnbr {Xem ~XbyZ _§{XamH$S>o _moham {\$a{dbm. XwnmaMr doi
Agë`mZo añË`mda {deof ahXmar ZìhVr. BVŠ`mV lr~m~m§Zr Aer PnmPn nmdbo
CMbbr, H$s hr gd© _§S>ir _mJoM am{hbr Am{U lr~m~m Ë`m§À`mnwT>o 20-25 nmdbo
OmD$Z nmohmoMbo. Vo nwT>o gaH$Uma VmoM gdmªZr nm{hbo H$s lr~m~m§À`m nwT>çmVM EH$
_moR>m XJS> dmQ>Vo nS>bm Amho. gdmªÀ`m _ZmV Yñg Pmbo. lr~m~m§Mr Ñï>r AmH$memH$S>o
pñWa hmoVr Am{U Vo VgoM da nmhmV MmbV hmoV.o nwTÀ`m jUrM, Ë`m AOò XJS>mbm
R>M
o bmJyZ Vo nS>Vrb `m ^rVrZo Ë`m§Zm hmH$ _maÊ`mMohr AdYmZ Hw$Umbm am{hbo
Zmhr. _§S>ir AJXr ^`^rV Pmbr. nU M_ËH$ma Agm KS>bm, H$s lr~m~m Am{U Vmo
XJS> `m§À`mV EImÚm B§MmMoM A§Va Cabo Agob, VodT>çmV lr~m~m§Zr Ñï>r VerM da
AmH$memH$S>o R>do Zy , Amnbm nm` OdiOdi \y$Q>^a da, AbJX CMbyZ Ë`m XJS>mdê$Z
CS>r _mê$Z Vmo Amobm§Sy>Z Jobo Am{U nwT>o OmD$Z em§VnUo C^o am{hbo. Vmon`ªV Ë`m§Mr
Ñï>r Imbr dibr ZìhVr. hm AX²^Vw M_ËH$ma nmhÿZ gd© Amü`m©Zo WŠH$ Pmbo.
g§V-gËnwéfm§Mr lr~m~m§~Ôb nyÁ`^mdZm
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r gmoZJra `oWrb lr Ho$edXÎm _hmamO à{Vdfu AmdOyZ©
`oV AgV. gmo~V Amnë`m {eî`m§Zm, ^ŠVm§Zmhr lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmMm bm^ KS>mdm
åhUyZ AmUrV AgV. Vo lr~m~m§Mr `Wmgm§J gd© fmoS>emonMmag{hV nyOm, AmaVr
H$arV, Ë`m§Zm ^pŠV^mdmZo emb, lr\$b An©U H$arV. nwÝhmnwÝhm lr~m~m§À`m nm`m
nS>V AgV. Ë`m§À`m {eî`m§Zm åhUV, ""Vwåhmbm {dXohr pñWVrVrb {gÕnwéf nmhm`Mo
AmhoV Zm ? _J ~Km, gmjmV nyU~© ÷ « Vw_À`m nwT>çmV Amho !''
lrJwéM[aÌ J«W§ mMo g§emoYZ Ho$ë`m_wio à{gÕr nmdbobo VgoM ""Zm_qMVm_Ur''
`m nwñVH$mMo boIH$ lr.am.H¥$. VWm AÊUm H$m_V hoXI o rb nwÊ`mg Ambo H$s lr~m~mMo
Xe©Z KoVë`mdmMyZ amhmV ZgV. Vo lr~m~m§Zm _moR>çm ào_mZo AmaVr AmodmirV AgV.
`moJr AaqdX~m~yM§ o Jwé, lr bobo _hmamO lr~m~m§{df`r Ë`m§À`m {eî`m§Zm gm§JV,
""lr~m~m ho na_mWm©V BVHo$ nwT>o Jobobo AmhoV H$s OJmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Ë`m§Mm Cn`moJ hmoUo
H$R>rU Amho.''
lr e§H$a _hmamO ho ~mbmoÝ_Îm {nemMdV² d¥ÎmrZo amhmUmao EH$ Wmoa gËnwéf nwÊ`mV
hmoD$Z Job.o Vo lrAŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr ñdm_r g_WmªMo {eî` hmoVo d XeJ«W§ r ~«m÷U
hmoV.o g_Wmªg_doV n¥Ïdrdarb gd© I§S>mV, Xoe{dXoemV Ë`m§Zr g§Mma Ho$bm hmoVm. Xoh
gmoS>bm Ë`m doir lr e§H$a _hmamOm§Mo d` gw_mao ASrMeo dfmªhZÿ A{YH$ hmoV.o

172 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 EHo$ {Xder lr e§H$a _hmamO g§Ü`mH$miMo doir AMmZH$ Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ Mm
{OZm MTy>Z da Ambo Am{U lr~m~m§À`mg_moa XadmOmV C^o am{hbo. lr~m~mXoIrb
Amnë`m JmXrda CRy>Z C^o am{hbo. lr e§H$a _hmamO Odi Ambo d lr~m~m§Zm ""~gm''
åhUmbo. WmoS>m doi XmoKo g_moamg_moa VgoM C^o am{hbo. Z§Va XmoKm§Zr EH$_oH$m§À`m
Im§Úmda hmV R>do bo d XmoKho r EH$X_M Imbr ~gbo. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm EH$ {gJmaoQ>
H$mTy>Z {Xbr. BVHo$M Zìho Va Vr ñdV:M noQ>dZy {Xbr. lr~m~m d lr e§H$a _hmamO
XmoKho r WmoS>m doi {gJmaoQ> AmoT>rV g_moamg_moa ~gyZ am{hbo. {gJmaoQ> g§nno `ªV ZwgVoM
EH$_oH$m§H$S>o nmhmV hmoV.o _J XmoKho r CR>b.o EH$ Admjahr Z ~mobVm lr e§H$a _hmamO
Imobr~mhoa {ZKyZ Job.o Vo {ZKyZ Joë`mda lr~m~m§Zr Odi ~gboë`m ^ŠVm§Zm gm§{JVbo
""ho e§H$a _hmamO _moR>o {gÕ AmhoV.'' Vmon`ªV Vr _§S>ir Ë`m§Zr Hw$Ur doS>mM g_Obr
hmoVr.
lr e§H$a _hmamO EH$Xm nwÊ`mVrb lr.bmJy `m J¥hñWm§À`mH$S>o am{hbo hmoV.o Ë`m§À`m
Kar Ë`m {Xder gË`Zmam`UmMr nyOm hmoVr. bmJy hogÕ w m lr~m~m§Mo ^ŠV Agë`m_wio
Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Zm XoIrb Amnë`m Kar `oÊ`mMo {Z_§ÌU {Xbo hmoV.o lr~m~m Ambo d
WmoS>çm doimZo {OZm MTy>Z _mS>rda Job.o VoWo lr e§H$a _hmamO nb§Jmda {Z{ÐñV hmoV.o
lr~m~m Ë`m§À`m nb§JmOdi Imbr, O{_ZrdaM ~¡R>H$ _mê$Z ~gbo. lr.bmJy `m§Zr
lr e§H$a _hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m Ambo Agë`mMo gm§{JVbo na§Vw Vo {~N>mÝ`mVyZ H$mhr
CR>bo ZmhrV. Oam doim lr e§H$a _hmamOm§Zr OmJodê$Z Z hbVm, nS>ë`m nS>ë`mM
Amnbm hmV nm§KéUmÀ`m ~mhoa H$mT>bm Am{U nb§Jmdê$Z Imbr, lr~m~m§À`m {XeoZo
bm|~H$iV gmoS>bm. Vo nmhÿZ lr~m~m§Zr O{_Zrda ~gyZM Amnbm nm` C§Mmdbm d
Ë`m§À`m hmVmbm nmdbmMm ñne© H$a{dbm.
Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m CRy>Z Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o naV Ambo. `m XmoZ {gÕnwéfm§À`m
^oQ>rMr hr AO~ nÕV nmhÿZ, gd©OU Amü`© H$ê$ bmJbo. na§Vw WmoS>mgm AW© bmdÊ`mMm
à`ËZ Ho$bm AgVm lr~m~m§Zr AZoH$ doim AmnU ñdV: lrAŠH$bH$moQ>ñdm_rM AmhmoV
`mMr Or gmj {Xbobr AmT>iVo, Ë`m Jmoï>rbm XwOmoam XoUmarM hr Jmoï> dmQ>V.o H$maU lr
e§H$a _hmamO ho lrñdm_r g_WmªMo {eî` hmoV. gmh{OH$M lr e§H$a _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Zm
Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `m ñdê$nmV nmhÿZ d§XZ Ho$bo Agmdo.
lr~m~m§da Ka gmon{dUo
lrAmB©gmho~ OwÞabm _mhoar OmV AgV, Voìhm amoOÀ`m {H$aH$moi IMm©gmR>r åhUyZ

lr~m~m§Mo H$mhr ñd^md{deof / 173

lr~m~m§Odi amoOMr R>am{dH$ aŠH$_ {H$Vr bmJob, `m {heo~mZo {VVŠ`m {Xdgm§Mo
n¡go R>do Zy _J OmV AgV. lr~m~m Ë`mà_mUo amoO Zo_Ho$ {VVHo$ n¡go Ë`m {XderÀ`m
IMm©gmR>r åhUyZ ~mhoa H$mT>m`Mo. nU Ë`mMm {d{Z`moJ Vo H$emgmR>r H$aVrb, `mMm
H$mhrM Vmi_oi Zgm`Mm. g_Om EImXm ^mOrdmbm dm \$idmbm gH$mirM XadmOmV
Ambm Va lr~m~m Ë`m {XdgmgmR>r H$mTy>Z R>do bobo gd© n¡go Ë`mÀ`m hdmbr H$am`Mo d
Ë`mbm ^mOr d \$io, Omo nXmW© Agob Vmo VodT>çm n¡em§Mm Xo åhUyZ gm§JV AgV. Vmo
^mOrdmbm Oa åhUmbm H$s EdT>çm n¡emMm _mb _mÂ`m nmQ>rV Zmhr`o, Va lr~m~m
Ë`mMr g_OyV H$mT>ë`mà_mUo Ë`mbm gm§JV, ""Aao Zgbm _mb Va H$m` Pmb§ ? n¡go
amhÿ XoV VwÂ`mH$S>oM. CÚm `oerb Voìhm, ZmhrVa OoìhmHo$ìhm naV `oerb, Voìhm Vy n¡go
naV Ho$bog Var _bm Mmbob !''
KamV {OÞg h_Img doioda {_iobM Ago Zmhr ho OmUyZ lrAmB©gmho~
Vm§Xi w mgma»`m AË`mdí`H$ Jmoï>tMm KamV WmoS>m\$ma gmR>m ~miJrV AgV. lr~m~m
_mÌ Ë`m§Mo gmR>dUrMo Vm§Xi y _wR>rV Yê$Z Xwgè`m _Oë`mdê$Z Imbr Ë`m§Mr g§VVYma
Mmby R>do rV AgV. nú`m§Zm ~mobdm`Mo Am{U åhUm`Mo ""nmoQ>^a Im Am{U IoiV
amhm.'' lr~m~m§À`m ~mobmdÊ`mbm {M_Ê`m VmËH$mi à{VgmX XoV d {Md{MdmQ> H$ê$Z
dmS>m JO~OyZ Q>mH$sV AgV.
n§{S>V AmS>ZmdmMo EH$ {~èhmS> Yw_mi {~pëS>J§ _Ü`o n{hë`m _Oë`mda amhmV
hmoVo. gm¡.n§{S>V AYyZ_YyZ lrAmB©gmho~m§er Jßnm _maÊ`mgmR>r daÀ`m _Oë`mda
lr~m~m§À`m KamV `oV AgV. Ë`m doir lr~m~m ~mhoaÀ`m ImobrV Zoh_rà_mUo JmXrda
~gbobo AgV. gm¡.n§{S>Vm§Zm Ambobo nm{hë`mda Vo lrAmB©gmho~m§Zm åhUV, ""Ahmo
Ë`m§Zm nmUr Var Úm !'' lrAmB©gmho~ åhUV, ""Ahmo, Ë`m H$m` bm§~yZ WmoS>çmM
Amë`mV ? AmÎmm BVŠ`mV, Ë`mgwÕm EH$M {OZm MTy>Z Amë`m AmhoV.'' lr~m~m§Zm ho
_mÝ` Zgm`Mo. Vo åhUV, ""Ord {H$Vr bm§~Mm àdmg H$ê$Z Ambm Amho ho Vwåhmbm
Hw$R>o [XgVo Amho ?''
gm¡.n§{S>V EH$Xm lr~m~m§H$S>o Amboë`m AgVm, lrAmB©gmho~m§Zr XwnmaMo OodUmMo
VmQ> lr~m~m§g_moa dmTy>Z R>do bo hmoV.o lr~m~m Ë`m VmQ>mVrb EH$ {Ob~r S>mŠo `mda
R>do boë`m AdñWoV ~gbobo Ë`m§Zm {Xgbo. Ë`m§Zm EH$X_ hgy \w$Q>b.o Ë`m§Zr {dMmabo,
""Ahmo, amdgmho~ hm H$gbm Ioi Mmbbm` ?''
Ë`m~amo~a lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""AÞ ho ~«÷ Amho Zm ! _J _mÂ`mda R>do Zy Vo AmV
{eaVo H$m ~KV hmoVmo !''

174 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 AI§S> OmJ¥V pñWVr
lr~m~m§Mr AI§S> ñdê$nmdñWm hr àË`j Ë`m§À`m {eî`-^ŠVm§nH¡ $sgwÕm, ~è`mM
OUm§À`m AmH$bZmnbrH$S>Mr hmoVr. {VWo BVam§Zm Ë`m§Mm A§V H$m` bmJUma ? nwîH$i
doim ^ŠV lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm åhUyZ OmV d Vo Pmonbobo AmhoV, Voìhm Z§Va `oD$
qH$dm Vo CR>Ê`mMr WmoS>m doi dmQ> nmhÿ Aem àH$maMo Amnë`m _Zmer ~oV H$arV
AgV. Ho$ìhmHo$ìhm lr~m~m nbrH$SÀ`m Hw$erda nhþS>bobo Agbo dm S>moŠ`mdê$Z
nm§Kê$U Agbo åhUOo ^ŠV_§S>ir Vo {ZÐmYrZ AmhoV Agm g_O H$ê$Z KoV. na§Vw
lr~m~m§À`m ""`m {Zem§ gd©^Vy m§Zm Vñ`m§ OmJ{V©'' Aem {Xì` OmJ¥VmdñWoMm àË``
H$mhr _moOŠ`m ì`ŠVtZmM nmhmd`mg {_iV Ago.
nwÊ`mV A°{S>eZb nmobrg H${_eZa åhUyZ {Zd¥Îm Pmbobo EH$ _wñbr_ J¥hñW,
lr.eoI AãXwb aPmH$ emh {~Mm~mZr gZ 1953-54 _Ü`o nwÊ`mV, amÌr JñV
KmbUmè`m nmobrg nWH$mMo à_wI hmoVo. `moJm`moJmZo Zm{eH$bm nmobrg {ejU
Aä`mgH«$_mV lr.X.b. {ZamoIoH$a ho lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy, lr.eoIZm BÝñQ´>ŠQ>a åhUyZ
^oQ>b.o Ë`mdoir lr.{ZamoIHo $am§Zr lr~rS>H$a _hmamO d lr~m~m `m§À`m{df`r ~arM
_m{hVr, ~mobVm ~mobVm Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVbr hmoVr. lr.eoI _wñbr_ AgyZXoIrb qhXy
g§V-gËnwéfm§~Ôb Ë`m§À`m {R>H$mUr nyÁ` ^mdZm hmoVr. EHo$ amÌr nwÊ`mV amÌrMm nhmam
Omar AgVmZm, Ë`m§Mr JmS>r Zmam`U noR>oVyZ OmV hmoVr. EH$mEH$s Ë`m§Zr lr.{ZamoIoH$a
`m§Zr gm§{JVboë`m lr~rS>H$a _hmamO d lr~m~m `m§À`m Jmoï>r AmR>dë`m. Ë`m§Zr
S´>m`ìhabm JmS>r lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mH$S>o KoÊ`mg gm§{JVbr. amÌrMo XmoZ dmOyZ
Jobo Agë`mZo _R> ~§X hmoVm ~mhoê$ZM hmV OmoSy>Z Ë`m§Zr JmS>r Yw_mi {~pëS>§JH$S>o
KoÊ`mg gm§{JVbo. JmS>r añË`mdê$Z C^r H$ê$Z Vo dmS>çmV {eabo. {OZm MTy>Z gai
da Job.o EH$m ImobrV COoS> {Xgbm. Ë`m {XeoZo Job.o Xma ZwgVoM bmoQ>bb o o hmoV.o
XadmOm T>H$byZ AmV S>mHo $mdbo Va g_B©À`m àH$memV lr~m~m OmJ¥VmdñWoV AgyZ,
JmXrda ~gbobo hmoV.o lr.eoI `m§Zm nmhÿZ Vo åhUmbo, ""`m. _r Vw_MrM dmQ> nmhmV
hmoVmo.'' lr.eoI `m§Zr Z_ñH$ma Ho$bm Am{U Xe©Z Pmë`mMo g_mYmZ dmQy>Z naV
Imbr Ambo.
JmS>r gwê$ hmoVmZm S>moŠ`mV {dMma KmoiV hmoVo, H$s ""lr~m~m AmÎmm OmJo H$go
H$m` Am{U AmnU `oWo `oUma ho Ë`m§Zm H$go R>mD$H$ ?'' lr. {ZamoIoH$am§Zr Ë`m§Zm
lr~m~m§{df`r gm§{JVboë`m Jmoï>tZm `m àg§Jm_wio XwOmoam {_imë`mgmaIo dmQ>b.o
lr~m~m Amnë`mH$S>o Xe©ZmgmR>r `oUmè`m ì`ŠVtZm àW_ gX²Jéw lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m

lr~m~m§Mo H$mhr ñd^md{deof / 175

Xe©Zmbm OmÊ`mg gm§JV AgV. Ë`m {XdergwÕm A^m{dVnUo H$m hmoBZ© m nU lr.eoI àW_
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mg_moa hmV OmoS>Zy Z§Va lr~m~m§H$S>o Ambo. `mV `moJm`moJmMm ^mJ
Agob Ago Oar _mZbo, VargwÕm lr~m~m§Mm g§H$o V nmibm Joë`m_wiMo lr~m~m§Zr BVŠ`m
AnamÌr Ë`m§Zm Xe©Z XoD$Z H¥$nm Ho$br Agm VH©$ H$aVm `oVmo.
lr~m~m§Mo AmUIr EH$ ^ŠV lr.nwéfmoÎm_ bú_U ~d} `m§Mo dmñVì` Ë`m H$mimV
nwÊ`mVM hmoVo. Vo Hw$R>ë`mhr doir lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm OmV AgV. lr~m~mgwÕm
`m~m~VrV Ë`m§Zm _‚mmd H$arV ZgV.
EHo$ {Xder amÌr XmoZ dmOVm lr.~d} OmJo Pmbo Am{U {dMma H$ê$ bmJbo, ""lr~m~m
AmÎmm `m doir H$m` H$arV AgVrb ~ao ?'' _ZmV {dMma `oVmM Ë`m§Zr R>a{dbo, àË`j
OmD$ZM nmhÿ`m. bJoM CR>bo Am{U gm`H$bda Q>mJ§ _mê$Z, BVŠ`m AnamÌr Zmam`U
noR>Vo Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o Ambo. dmS>çmMm _moR>m XadmOm ~§X hmoVm. na§Vw Ë`mVrb
N>mQo >r qXS>r CKS>r hmoVr. lr.~d} AmV {eabo. _ZmV WmoS>r ^rVrhr dmQ>V hmoVr. dmS>çmV
{H$a©a© A§Yma Am{U AJXr {MS>rMyn ewH$ewH$mQ> hmoVm. {OZm MTy>Z Vo da Job.o J°bar_YyZ
lr~m~m§À`m ImobrH$S>o dibo. ImobrMo Xma ~§X hmoVo. ~d} lr~m~m§À`m eoOmaÀ`m
ImobrOdi `oD$Z ZwH$VoM nmohmoMVmV VmoM AmVyZ lr~m~m§Zr "`m, `m ~d}, `m !''
BVŠ`m H$mimo»`m OmJr, AnamÌr Am{U ~§X XadmOmÀ`m AmVyZ lr~m~m§Zr
Amnë`mbm ZmdmZo hmH$ _mabobr EoH$VmM lr.~d} `m§Mo AdgmZ Jimbo. Ë`m§Zm "Amo'
åhUÊ`mMmXoIrb Yra Pmbm Zmhr. eodQ>r AmbmoM AmhmoV, Voìhm Xe©Z KoVë`m{edm`
naV Om`Mo Zmhr åhUyZ {IS>H$sÀ`m ~marH$ \$Q>rVyZ lr~m~m§Mo AmoPaVo Xe©Z KoVbo
Am{U MwnMmn H$mT>Vm nm` KoVbm. Kar Amë`mda _Zmbm éIéI _mÌ bmJbr H$s
AmnU Amnbr {Okmgm nwar H$aÊ`mgmR>r gËnwéfm§Zm H$ï> {Xbo.
JwéJ¥hmMo bjU
lr~m~m§À`m {eî`m§nH¡ $s lr.^mbM§Ð {XZH$a Hw$bH$Uu ZmdmMo EH$ {eî` EH$ {Xdg
lr~m~m§À`m Kar Ambo hmoV.o gH$mir 10-11Mm gw_ma Agob. lr~m~m ImobrV H$mhrVar
gmm_mZmMr AmdamAmda H$arV hmoV.o Ë`m J¥hñWm§Zm nmhmVmM lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm {dMmabo,
""Hw$bH$Uu, JwéJ¥h H$go AmoiImdo ho R>mD$H$ Amho H$m` ?'' àýmMm amoI Z H$ië`mZo
lr.Hw$bH$Ur© JßnM ~gbo. lr~m~mM _J jU^a Wm§~Zy åhUmbo, ""Á`m KamV Joë`mda
Amnë`mM Kar Ambmo AmhmoV Ago Amnë`mbm dmQ>V,o Vo JwéJ¥h !''
lr~m~m§À`m KamV nmD$b Q>mH$VmM ^ŠVm§À`m _ZmV Zo_Š`m `mM AmnwbH$sMm

176 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

CX` hmoV Ago. AWm©V gd©M _§S>ir JwéJ¥hr Amë`mMr OmU ~miJrV AgV Ago
Zmhr. lr~m~m§À`m CÝ_Zr AdñWoMm, ~mbdV² {Zì`m©O dmJUwH$sMm J¡a\$m`Xm
CR>{dÊ`mÀ`m hoVy§ZrgwÕm H$mhrOU `oV AgV. Xe©ZmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo `m`Mo Am{U
lr~m~m§À`m g_moa R>do bobr {_R>mB©, \$i\$imdi AmXr {OÞg, ñdV: hmVmZo KoD$Z
àgmXmÀ`m ~hmÊ`mImbr \$ñV H$am`Mo, Agm `m _§S>itMm {eañVm Ago.
lr~m~m§Mo dV©Z ho gd©gm_mÝ`m§À`m AmH$bZmnbrH$S>Mo Agë`m_wio ~hþVHo $ bmoH$
Ë`m§Zm doS>o, ^«{_ï> g_OV. Vo amhmV Agboë`m Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Yë`m {H$Ë`oH$
a{hdmem§Mrhr VerM g_OyV hmoVr. lr~m~m§Zr AmnUhÿZ Amnbr Wmoadr H$YrM àH$Q>
Ho$br Zmhr. CbQ> M_ËH$m[aH$ dmJUwH$s_wio bmoH$m§Zm ñdV:Odi `oÊ`mnmgyZ Vo namd¥Îm
H$arV.
lrñdm_r g_WmªMo Wmoa ^ŠV A°S>ìhmoH$o Q> lr.Aßnmgmho~ bob,o ho nwÊ`mVM amhmV
hmoV.o lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr g_m{YñW Pmë`mZ§VagwÕm Ë`m§Zm àË`j Xe©Z XoD$Z Ë`m§À`m
hmVmda IS>rgmIaoMm IS>m R>odbm hmoVm. `m Aßnmgmho~ boë`m§H$S>o lr~m~m Ho$ìhmVar
OmV AgV. Ë`m XmoKm§À`m ^oQ>rV Jßnm hmoV, Ë`m ewÕ àmn§{MH$ AgV, ho EH$ d¡{eîQ>çM
åhUmdo bmJob. lr.bobo _mÌ lr~m~m§Mr Wmoadr OmUyZ hmoV.o EH$Xm lr~m~m Ë`m§À`mH$S>o
Jobbo o AgVmZm lr.Aßnmgmho~ Ë`m§Zm åhUmbo, ""Ago bnyZ amhÿZ H$m` {_iVo?''
lr~m~m§Zr `mda CÎma {Xbo, ""{_iV H$mhrM Zmhr, nU {_imbobo H$m`_ amhVo.''
Z§Va nwT>o åhUmbo, ""Vw_À`mH$S>o lrñdm_r g_WmªMo dmñVì` Amho åhUyZ Amåhr `oVmo.''
lr~m~m§Mo ho BVHo$ _m{_©H$ CÎma EoH$ë`mda lr~m~m§Zm doS>o d ^«{_ï> R>a{dUmè`m bmoH$m§Mr
H$sd H$amdrer dmQ>V.o
lr~m~m§Mm {_píH$b ñd^md
lr~m~m§À`m A§V_wI© d¥ÎmrMm \$m`Xm CR>{dÊ`mgmR>r ~aoMOU H$gbr Var Šb¥ßVr
H$ê$Z lr~m~m§À`m KamV n«doe {_idrV AgV. na§Vw lr~m~m EImXo doiog Ë`m§Zm
~amo~a gai H$arV AgV. Ë`m§À`mOdi Ë`m§À`m gX²Jéw g§ maIm AmJrMm ^{S>_ma H$aUmam
empãXH$ Vmo\$ImZm Oar ZìhVm, Var __©^Xo r {dZmoXmMo ~moMH$ eó Šd{MV dmnaÊ`mg
Vo _mJonwT>o nmhmV ZgV.
EH$Xm EH$ AmJ§VHw $ nmhþUm lr~m~m§À`m Kar Ambm. lr~m~m Va doS>M o AmhoV
Voìhm Iwemb {R>æ`m XoD$Z, BWoM \w$H$Q>ImD$ åhUyZ amhmdo, Agm ~oV Ë`mZo AmIbm
hmoVm. lr~m~m§Zr gwédmVrbm Ë`mMr XIb KoVbr Zmhr, na§Vw hm Bg_ _wŠH$m_

lr~m~m§Mo H$mhr ñd^md{deof / 177

hb{dÊ`mMo H$mhr {M• {XgoZo m.
EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§Zr amÌr XmoZ dmOVm Ë`m Bg_mbm PmonVo Zy hbdyZ hbdyZ CR>{dbo.
Vmo nmhþUm S>mi
o o MmoirV A§WéUmda CR>Zy ~gbm. nmhmVmo Va lr~m~m hmVmV EH$ ~er
Am{U ~erV XmoZ bmSy> KoD$Z eoOmar ~gbobo AmhoV. Ë`mZo "H$m` ?' åhUyZ {dMmaVmM
lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""Ahmo, Vw_Mm gmam OÝ_ n¡gm ImÊ`mV Jobm. AmVm EdT>o ho XmoZ
bmSy> Im !''
nmhwUm _ZmV H$m` Vo C_Obm Am{U Xwgè`m {Xder AmnUmhÿZ Jmem JwS§ >miyZ
lr~m~m§Mm {Zamon KoD$Z MmbVm Pmbm.
AgoM EH$ J¥hñW lr~m~m§À`m KamV ^ŠV Agë`mMm ~hmÊ`mZo ~¡R>H$ _mê$Z
~gyZ amhmV AgV. `m§Mo bj lr~m~m§À`m nwT>o R>do Ê`mV `oUmè`m \$i\$imdi, {_R>mB©,
^Or dJ¡ao Jmoï>tdaM {Iibobo Ago. Hw$Urhr H$mhr g_moa R>do bo H$s nadmZJr dJ¡ao Z
{dMmaVm Ë`mÀ`mda hmV _mam`Mm. Kar OmVmZm AmO EH§$XarV H$mbÀ`mnojm M§Ji
Pmbr, Aem IwerV ~mhoa nS>m`Mo. ho J¥hñW BVHo$ {Zb©‚m hmoV,o H$s Oa Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m
g_moa H$mhrM gmnS>bo Zmhr, Va Iwemb CRy>Z \$S>Vmio, H$moZmS>o emoYm`Mo, ñd`§nmH$KamV
qhS>m`Mo Agm Ë`m§Mm ImŠ`m hmoVm. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`mMr H$Yr XIb KoVbr Zmhr. Ë`m_wio
ho J¥hñW {Z:g§H$moMnUo gd© {OZgm§da Vmd _marV AgV.
EH$ {Xdg lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§À`m {Zb©‚mnUmMm H$ig Pmbobm nmhÿZ Ë`mbm AÔb
KS>dm`Mo R>a{dbo. Ë`m {Xder hm Bg_ `oÊ`mÀ`m doino dy u lr~m~m§H$S>o Xwgam EH$ ^ŠV
`oD$Z ~gbm hmoVm. Ë`mbm gm§{JVbo H$s, EH$ gm~UmMr dS>r {H$gUrda {H$gyZ R>do .
Ë`mZo Vgo Ho$ë`mda åhUmbo, ""AmVm Ë`m gm~UmMo Mm§Jbo nmMghm bmSy> V`ma H$a.''
Ë`mZo Ë`mà_mUo Ë`m gm~UmÀ`m Mwè`mbm nmUr bmdyZ gwaI o bmSy> H$ê$Z EH$m ~erV
R>odbo. MQ>H$Z nmhmUmè`mbm ho IaoM bmSy> dmQ>mdoV, BVHo$ Vo hþ~ohÿ~ ~Zbo hmoVo.
lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""AmVm hr ~er Ë`m g_moaÀ`m H$nmQ>mV R>do Zy Xo Am{U Vy Om.''
WmoS>çm doimZo Vmo Bg_ Ë`mÀ`m amoOÀ`m doido a, lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm ( !) hOa
Pmbm. Zoh_rà_mUo BH$S>{o VH$S>o ZOa {\$adbr. lr~m~m S>mi o o {_Qy>Z JmXrda nSy>Z hmoV.o
`mZo nm{hbo AmO H$mhr "àgmX' R>do bobm gmnS>V Zmhr. lr~m~m§Zm åhUmbm, ""AmO
Hw$Ur Ambo - Jobb o o {XgV Zmhr.'' ""gJioM Vw_À`mgmaIo {Z`{_V `oUmao ^ŠV WmoS>M o
AgVmV ?'' lr~m~m åhUmbo. Ë`m~amo~a `mbm _ZmVyZ AJXr JwXJwë`m Pmë`m. nU
Vgo Z XmI{dVm BH$S>À`m {VH$S>À`m Jmoï>r H$arV eodQ>r H$nmQ>mH$S>o _moMm© di{dbm.
lr~m~m {H$b{H$ë`m S>mù o `m§Zr JmXrda nS>ë`m nS>ë`m, `mÀ`m hmbMmbr Ý`mhmirV

178 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

hmoVo. H$nmQ>mMo Xma CKS>bo Vgo lr~m~m§Zr S>moŠ`mdê$Z nm§Kê$U AmoTy>Z KoVbo.
""Ahmo, ~m~m ho bmSy> Hw$Ur BWo R>odboV ? Iam~ hmoVrb Zm H$nmQ>mV am{hbo Va.''
Ago åhUyZ Vr ~er ~mhoa H$mT>br d Amë`mgmaIo H$mhrVar gmW©H$ Pmbo `m AmZ§XmV,
lr~m~m§g_moa ~gyZ hmdaQ>nUo EH$ A»Im bmSy> Vm|S>mV Q>mH$bm. Hw$Ur `oÊ`mÀ`m AmVM
`m bmS>dm§Mm g_mMma KoVbm nm{hOo Aem {dMmam§À`m ZmXmV, Ë`m§Mr Md dJ¡ao
nmhmÊ`mnyduM Vmo bmSy> Ë`mÀ`m nmoQ>mV JobmgwÕm ! Xwgè`mM jUr Vm|S>mV gm~UmMr
Md bmJVmM Vmo XMH$bm Am{U AmoH$mar H$mTy bmJbm. lr~m~m S>mŠo `mdê$Z nm§Kê$U
Z H$mT>VmM Ë`mbm åhUmbo, ""gmdH$me Im. nmUr ß`m WmoS>g§ , åhUOo R>gH$m bmJm`Mm
Zmhr.''
""Ahmo ~m~m ! gmdH$me Im H$m` åhUVm` ? ho gm~UmMo bmSy> H$gbo _bm
Im`bm XoVm` ?''
lr~m~m VmS>H$Z CRy>Z ~gbo Am{U åhUmbo, ""Ahmo H$m` åhUVm` H$m` ? gm~UmMo
bmSy> ? H$m`, bmoH$m§MrgwÕm H$_mb Amho ! ~a§ Om, Myi ^ê$Z Vm|S> Ywdm. AmO Vwåhr
AmVyZgwÕm ñdÀN> ìhmb !'' Aem àH$maMm {_píH$bnUmgwÕm lr~m~m§À`m {R>H$mUr
AmT>iV Ago.
lr~m~m§Mr Kam_Ü`o Xmao-{IS>Š`m ~§X H$ê$Z ~gÊ`mMr Oar nÕV hmoVr Var
VrW©`mÌm àg§Jr _mÌ CKS>çmda Am{U ñdÀN> gy`©àH$memV, H$YrH$Yr Va ^a
_mÜ`m•rÀ`m CÝhmV ~gUo Ë`m§Zm ng§V Ago. KamV H$mimoI Agbm Var EH$ g_B©
OdiOdi H$m`_ bmdyZ R>do bobr Ago.
Xodmda \w$bo dmhVmZm _yVuMo _wI_§S>b PmH$bo OmVm H$m_m Z`o `mda Ë`m§Mm
H$Q>mj Ago. XodmMm àgmX AJXr WmoS>m Imdm Ago Vo åhUV. ^ŠV_§S>itZm Vo Amnë`m
gX²Jéw À§ `m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV OmD$Z Xe©Z ¿`m`bm gm§JV AgV. Vo bmoH$
_R>mV OmD$Z ~amo~a Zoboë`m nXmWmªMm Z¡doÚ XmIdyZ naV lr~m~m§H$S>o `oV Am{U
_R>mVrb n«gmX Ë`m§Zm XoV AgV. Aem àg§Jr {H$Ë`oH$ doim Ë`m§Zr {nedrVyZ àgmX
~mhoa H$mT>Ê`mnyduM, lr~m~m Ë`m§Zr àgmX åhUyZ H$moUVm nXmW© AmUbm Amho ho
A§V:gm{jËdmZo OmUyZ ""_bm àgmXmMm noT>m Úm, àgmXmMr IS>rgmIa Úm qH$dm
ImarH$ Úm'' Ago Ë`m nXmWmªMo AMyH$ Zmd KoV AgV.
Ë`m§À`m ImobrVrb KS>çmimbm ^ŠV_§S>itn¡H$s Hw$UrVar {H$„r {Xbr Agbr
VaM Vo Mmby AdñWoV gmnS>V Ago. BVa dñVygÕ w m AñVmì`ñV nS>bëo `m AgV.
~mOybm CX~Î`m OiV AgV. Hw$Ur H$mhr Im`Mm nXmW© AmUyZ {Xbm Va VoWo hOa

lr~m~m§Mo H$mhr ñd^md{deof / 179

Agboë`m gd© _§S>itZm hmVmda {Xë`mIoarO lr~m~m Vmo ImV ZgV. AJXr A°pñnarZMr
nwS>r Agmo dm ^ŠVmZo {nVir Ib~Î`mV Hw$Qy>Z {Xbobm {dS>m Agmo. Hw$R>bmhr nXmW©
gdmªZm dmQ>ë`mdaM Vo ñdV: Im`Mo.
emioVrb _wbo lr~m~m§H$S>o `oD$Z narjoMm {ZH$mb H$m` bmJob åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm
{dMmarV AgV. ""Amåhr daÀ`m dJm©V OmD$ H$m ?'' `m Ë`m§À`m àýmda lr~m~m
{MÇ>çm§da nmg-Zmnmg Ago {bhÿZ Ë`m _wbm§Zm dmQ>V AgV. Á`m§À`m {MÇ>rda ""nmg''
{b{hbobo Ago, Vr _wbo nmg hmoV AgV d Á`m§À`m {MÇ>rda ""Zmnmg'' Ago {b{hbobo
gmnS>,o Vr Zmnmg hmoV Agm AZw^d hmoVm.
Vo gX¡d CÝ_Zr AdñWoV Agë`mZo Ë`m§Zm H$gboM ^mZ Zgo. ^ŠVm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Hw$R>o
Ý`md`mMo R>a{dbo Va ^ŠVm§À`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo lr~m~m H$arV. na§Vw Ë`m§Zm Hw$R>ë`mM
Jmoï>rMr {\$H$sa Zgo dm Ë`m§Mo H$emH$S>o bjhr Zgo. AI§S> ñdê$nmZwg§YmZmV _¾
Agë`m_wio ^modVmbr H$m` Mmbbo Amho, AmnU Hw$R>o Ambobmo AmhmoV dm Amnë`m
XohmMr pñWVr H$m` Amho, `m n¡H$s H$emMmM {dMma Ë`m§Zm {edV Zgo.
EH$Xm EH$m ^ŠVmZo Ë`m§Zm Oo. H¥$îU_yVvÀ`m ì`m»`mZmbm Zobo hmoV.o lr~m~m Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a
ì`m»`mZmbm Jobo Iao, nU VoWo Joë`mda ~gë`mOmJr Vo Oo EH$Q>H$ g_moa Ñï>r bmdyZ ~gbo,
Vo eodQ>n`ªV. ì`m»`mZmH$S>o Ë`m§Mo A{O~mV bj ZìhVo. Ë`m ^ŠVmZo, ""~m~m ì`m»`mZ
g§nbo. AmVm CR>m,'' Ago åhQ>ë`mda CR>bo Am{U ""Mbm'' åhUyZ {Z{d©H$manUo Mmbm`bm
bmJbo. Xoh~wÕr nyduM b`mg Jobr hmoVr. hmVmV OiV Agbobr {gJaoQ> eodQ>n`ªV OiV
`oD$Z ~moQ>mÀ`m ~oMŠ`mVrb ËdMm OiV Agbr Var Ë`m§Zm H$emMr OmUrd Zgo. ^ŠV_§S>irM
Ooìhm hmVmVrb {gJmaoQ> H$mTy>Z KoD$Z {dPdrV, Voìhm Ë`m§Mo {VH$S>o bj OmV Ago.
***

~moYdMZo
* Á`m KamV Joë`mda, Amnë`mM Kar Ambmo AmhmoV Ago Amnë`mbm
dmQ>Vo Vo JwéJ¥h !
* AmnU ñdñW ~gm`Mo _J Jwé On H$aVmV. AmnU \$º$ EoH$Uo d
JwéZ§ r Ho$bobm On _moOUo EdT>M
o H$m_ H$am`Mo. AmnU Ho$bobm On
_moOÊ`mnojm JwéZ§ r Ho$bobm On _moOÊ`mV Iar _Om Amho.
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

180 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mm ñdê$n-g§àXm`
lr~m~m§Zr Á`mMmË`mMm A{YH$ma, nmÌVm nmhÿZ Ë`mË`m OrdmMo H$ë`mU KSy>Z
`oBb
© Aer CnmgZm Amnë`m ^ŠVm§Zm, {eî`m§Zm gm§{JVbr. AZ{YH$mar ì`ŠVrbm
`moJ_mJm©Mm CnXoe H$ê$Z Vmo Ë`mbm Z nobë`mZo doS>m-Iwim hmoÊ`mMm, n§Jy hmoÊ`mMm
YmoH$m AgVmo. Ë`m_wio gd©gmYmaUnUo ^ŠVm§Zm gJwUmMr CnmgZm Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbr.
Hw$Umbm {dîUy, Hw$Umbm lram_, Hw$Umbm e§H$a, hZw_V§ , JOmZZ OJX§~m, lrH¥$îU d
Va Hw$Umbm XÎmmÌo` Aem AZoH$ CnmgZm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z ^ŠVm§Zm àmßV Pmë`m. H$mhr
^ŠVm§Zm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z H$_©`moJmMm CnXoe Pmbm. H$mhtZm Ë`m§Zr g§gmamV amhÿZ
B©œañ_aU, Jwé^ŠVr Agm _mJ© CnXo{ebm.
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o `oUmè`m ^ŠVm§Zm Vo åhUV, ""Vwåhr AmO g§Ü`m Ho$br AmhmV H$m` ?
AmO `oWo Hw$Ur g§Ü`m Ho$bobr {XgV Zmhr. Iar g§Ü`m Vwåhr Ho$brV Va VoWo Vwåhr
{MH$Qy>Z ~gmb.'' `oWo g§Ü`m `mMm AW© g§{YH$mb gmYUo Agm hmoVmo. g§{YH$mb
åhUOo _ZmV EH$m nmR>mno mR> EH$ Ago Oo ZmZm {dMma gVV `oV AgVmV, Ë`m {dMmam§H$S>o
AmnU Ì`ñW ZOaoVZy nm{hbo AgVm, XmoZ {dMmam§À`m_Ü`o EH$ gyú_ g§{YH$mb AmT>iZy
`oVmo. Ë`m g§{YH$mbmda bj H|${ÐV H$ê$Z Vmo H$mb hiyhiy Aä`mgmZo, CnmgZoZo
bm§~dm`Mm Am{U Ë`mVyZ _Z-Z Aer AdñWm gmYm`Mr. _J Ë`m AdñWoMm AZw^d
gVV KoÊ`mgmaIr pñWVr A§Jr ~mUdm`Mr, `mbmM lr~m~m Iar g§Ü`m åhUV AgV.
Amhma-{dhma gmpÎdH$ amIyZ _Zmbm aOmoJUw d V_moJUw `m§Mm ñne© hmoD$ Z XoVm
AmMma-{dMma d Cƒma `m§À`mV EoŠ` gmYm`Mo, ewÕ gmpÎdH$ ^md A§V:H$aUmV
pñWa H$am`Mm Aer ~mdZH$er gwdUm©gmaIr na_mW©gmYZm lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`m ^ŠVm§Zm
{Xbr.
_w»` Vmo gX²Jwê$ Xodm§Mm hr Xod Ÿ& Eogm ÑT>^md YaUo _w»` Ÿ&&
gX²Jêw $dm§MmoZr H$moUr Z VmarbŸ & `mMm AW© Imob Ü`mZr Yam Ÿ&&
(g§{jßV gX²Jwé-M[aÌ 9:203-204)
lr~m~m§Mm _mJ© hm _ZmMm `moJ hmoVm, hR>`moJ ZìhVm. ^Jd§Vm§Zr JrVo_Ü`o Mm¡Ï`m
AÜ`m`mV AOw©Zmbm `mMm B{Vhmg gm§JVmZm åhQ>bo Amho, ""hm `moJ _r gy`m©bm
gm§{JVbm. Ë`mÀ`mH$Sy>Z Vmo d¡dñdV _Zybm àmßV Pmbm. `m `moJmÀ`m Aä`mgmZo
kmZàmßVr H$adyZ KoD$Z Ë`mZo Vmo Amnbm nwÌ BúdmHy$ `mbm H$WZ Ho$bm. Ë`mÀ`m

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mm ñdê$n-g§àXm` / 181

Hw$imV AZoH$ amOfvZm Vmo na§naoZo àmßV Pmbm. nwT>o hm `moJ bwßV nmdbm. VmoM `moJ ho
H$m¢V`o m _r Vwbm AmVm H$WZ H$aUma Amho ! ñdY_©, AmMma `m§Mm Ë`mJ Z H$[aVm,
g§gmamV amhÿZM H$aÊ`mMm hm `moJ Amho, Am{U Vmo Vy AmMaUmV AmUmdmg.''
ñdê$n g§àXm`mV hmM _w»` `moJ, amO`moJ _mJ© gm§{JVbm Amho. ""`moJm_mOr `moJy
YwaM
o m hm'' Agm hm ñdê$n g§àXm` d{gð> F$ftZr à^y am_M§Ðmg CnXo{ebm.
A§Va§Jr Ë`mJ ~mhoar Vmo g§J & nar Vy {Z:g§J amhr nyUŸ© &&
(g§{jßV gX²Jwé-M[aÌ 7:148)
ho `m ñdê$n g§àXm`mMo __© Amho. lrg_W© am_Xmg ñdm_tZm àË`j à^y am_M§Ðm§H$Sy>Z
ho JwøkmZ àmßV Pmbo. am_Xmgr g§àXm` åhUyZ Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z `mM _mJm©Mm àgma Pmbm.
ñdê$n g§àXm` lram_ X¡dV Ÿ& OmZH$s epŠV `oW Ago gmMr Ÿ&&
hZw_V§ -CnmgZm bmdm gH$i OZm§ Ÿ& nmdm`m {Zdm©Um na~«÷rŸ&&
(g§{jßV gX²Jwé-M[aÌ 7:155-156)
ñdê$n g§àXm` hm _wimV AÛ¡V VÎdkmZm{Y{ð>V n§W Amho. àm_w»`mZo Vmo
{ZJwU© monmgH$ Agbm VargwÕm gJwUmonmgZmgwÕm Ë`mbm _mÝ` Amho. qH$~hþZm gJwUmVyZ
àma§^ H$ê$Z AIoa {ZJwU© mn`ªV H$go nmohmoMmdo, `mMo _mJ©Xe©Z gm_mÝ` OZm§Zm AmOn`ªV
hm g§àXm` H$arV Ambm Amho. `m g§àXm`mMo Am{XJwé, Am{XZmW ^JdmZ e§H$a hmoV.
Ë`m§Zr nmd©Vr_mVobm JwéJrVoÛmao, AÛ¡V VÎdkmZmMmM CnoXe Ho$bm. Am{XZmWm§H$Sy>Z
lr{dîUy, ~«÷Xod, d{gð>, namea, ì`mg, ewH$Xod Aem F${f_wZtÀ`m C‚db na§naoVZy
nwT>o B{VhmgH$mbrZ lrJmoqdXnmX, lrOJX²Jwé e§H$amMm`©, lr{dÚmaÊ` ñdm_r,
lrH¥$îUgañdVr, lr_Þ¥qghgañdVr AWm©V lrAŠH$bH$moQ> ñdm_r g_W© Aem
à^mdembr na§naoVZy hm g§àXm` Adm©MrZ H$mbmn`ªV `oD$Z R>no bm. lr_Þ¥qgh-gañdVr
VWm lrñdm_r g_W© ho gmjmV XÎmmÌo`M Agë`m_wi,o ñdê$n g§àXm`mMr hr "gañdVr'
emIm XÎmg§àXm` åhUyZ Zmdmê$nmg Ambr.
gßV_hmZÚm§nH¡ $s gañdVr ZXrà_mUoM hm ñdê$n g§àXm` H$mimÀ`m àdmhmV _YyZM
àH$Q> hmoB,© _Ü`oM JwßV nmdo. EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mV AMmZH$ àH$Q> Pmbobm hm g§àXm`
Aem arVrZo lrñdm_r g_WmªH$Sy>Z lrgX²Jéw am_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zm bm^bm.
ñdê$n g§àXm` Mmbmdm åhUmoZ Ÿ& am_mZ§Xm§ nyU© ~moY Ho$bm Ÿ&&
nwÊ` nÎmZmgr H$amo{Z`m _R> Ÿ& ~¡g{dbo ZrQ> am_mZ§X Ÿ&&
Cnar g§àXm` Mmbdr åhUmoZ Ÿ& Amkm XoB© OmU ñdm_r Ë`m§gr Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé$ {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

182 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr hm g§àXm` Mmb{dÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m§Zm gX²Jéw nXmMm A{YH$ma
àXmZ Ho$bm. Ë`m jUmnmgyZ lr~m~m ñdê$n-gmjmËH$mamÀ`m R>m`r Oo EH$Xm a__mU
Pmbo Vo eodQ>n`ªV.
amO`moJmMo Oo emó_mÝ` nmM ^oX AmoiIbo OmVmV, Ë`mn¡H$s {dh§J_ _mJ© Ago
Á`mbm åhQ>bo OmVo, gX²Jéw H¥$noZo EH$m jUmV AmË_ñdê$nmMo {ZOYm_ Á`mÀ`m `moJo
JmR>bo OmVo, Vmo lr~m~m§Mm _mJ© Amho. njr EH$m {R>H$mUmhÿZ CS>mbm H$s Z Wm§~Vm
gai Ë`mÀ`m BpÀN>V OmJoda OmD$ZM Wm§~Vmo. Ver gmYH$mMr WoQ> dmQ>Mmb gX²Jéw H¥$noZo
hmoV AgVo, åhUyZ `mbm {dh§J_ _mJ© åhUVmV. gX²Jéw hoM na_X¡dV ho `m _mJm©Mo
d¡{eîQ>ç Amho. ""gX²Jéw amO _mCbr, gX²Jéw amO AmË_mam_'' ho ~rO Amho. amO`moJmÀ`m
AÝ` ^oXm§Mo {ddoMZ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr nwT>rb Amoì`m§_Ü`o \$ma _Zmohmar
arVrZo Ho$bo Amho.
{nnr{bH$m åhUOo _w§Jrg_ OmU| Ÿ& EH$ EH$ Amobm§S>Uo H$_b Vo Ÿ&&
_ybmYmamnmgmo{Z ghòmamdoat Ÿ& Amobm§S>Uo ~at H$_b| Vt Ÿ&&
XwOm H${n_mJ© Ago CÈ>mUmMm Ÿ& gX²Jwê$ XoV gmMm {H$Vr EH$m§ Ÿ&&
EH$m ñWmZmhmoZr Ë`OwZr _Ybr ñWmZo Ÿ& CS>r Vr _maUo nw{T>bo ñWmZtŸ&&
H$nrg_ CÈ>mUo§ KoVKoV OmU| Ÿ& eodQ>r nmdU| ghòXitŸ&&
{VOm _rZ_mJ© Ago {H$VrH$m§Mm Ÿ& Ü`mZr Yam Ë`mMm CnH«$_ Ÿ&&
`oW Zm H$_b Zmht XwO| H$mht Ÿ& _rZmg_ nmht bú`t Ñï>r Ÿ&&
Ord hm{M _rZ M¡VÝ`gmJar§ Ÿ& pñWV _Ü`mdar hmoC{Z Ago Ÿ&&
bmdmo{Z`m bj AmË_ñdê$nmV Ÿ& pñWV Vmo {Zdm§V gmYH$ amhr Ÿ&&
na_mË_mñdê$nmMm ^abmgo gmJa Ÿ& ì`mnmo{Z`m Wmoa Xe{Xem Ÿ&&
Eoem Ë`m gmJat _rZmg_ OmU|Ÿ& A§V~m©ø b{jUo AmË_VÎd Ÿ&&
eoIt {MXmH$me {_iVm§ _hXmH$met Ÿ& _rZ gmJamet EH$ hmo` Ÿ&&
Vodt Vmo MVwW© OmUm em§^drMm Ÿ& _mJ© gmYH$mMm Ago Cƒ Ÿ&&
ídmgmoÀN²>dmgt Mmbo On gmo@h§ gmo@h§ Ÿ& gm§S>m{o Z`m§ Ah§ ñ_aU| VmoMr Ÿ&&
ÜdZrdar bj AI§S> R>odmoZ Ÿ& Ñï>r Ý`mhmimoZ àH$mey Vmo Ÿ&&
àH$me ZmXmMr hmoVm§ EoŠ`mdñWm Ÿ& gmo@h§ h§ g: hmoVm§ Z bJo doi Ÿ&&
`mM _mJ} nwT>Vr KodmoZ Ÿ& àUd gm§S>moZ hmoU| q~Xy Ÿ&&

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mm ñdê$n-g§àXm` / 183

 q~Xwë`mMm _Ü` Omd| Vmo \$moS>moZ Ÿ& {MXmH$me nyU© AmQ>o `oW Ÿ&&
ghòH$_bm§V OmB© Voìhm nmht Ÿ& ngamo{Z ~mhr gmo@h§ ^md| Ÿ&&
h§g: gmo@h§ Eog| hmoV C\$amR>r Ÿ& {dÚwëbVm {XR>r gm_mdoZm Ÿ&&
AZ§V Anma àH$mey Vmo Wmoa Ÿ& ghò ^mñH$a CUo§ `oW Ÿ&&
eãXr§ Z ~mobd| H¡$g| Vo§ dXmd| Ÿ& gX²Jwê$H¥$no§ ¿`md| OmUmo{Z`m§ Ÿ&&
qnS>mnXt `oW hmoV _oidUr Ÿ& gmYbr nd©Ur gm`wÁ`mMr Ÿ&&
ho gmao gJwU _mJ© OmUm Vwåht Ÿ& {ZJw©UmMo H$m_t Cn`moJr Ÿ&&
Iam Vmo {ZJw©U Ago _mJ© eof Ÿ& {dMmag§Yrg nmhU| O| H$s Ÿ&&
{dMmê$ Vmo EH$ {ZKmo{Z`m§ OmV Ÿ& XwOm CX²^dV _mZgt VmoŸ &&
XmoZ d¥Îmt_mOr Ago O| A§Va Ÿ& V|{M namËna ñdê$n OmUm Ÿ&&
V`m Zmht ê$n V`m Zmht Zm_ Ÿ& Ago nyUH© $m_ gX²Jêw $ AmË_m Ÿ&&
A§Vat OmUrd Vo KoU| Ü`mZmg Ÿ& OmUrdoM| Img gmjr hmoU| Ÿ&&
_yit OoWmo{Z`m§ àH$Q>o g§doXZm Ÿ& OmUo Ë`m{M ñWmZm eoIt A§Vt Ÿ&&
`mdrU na_mW© Zmht Vmo H$s§ XwOm Ÿ& Jwê$ nwÌ C_Om A§Va§Jr Ÿ&&
Am{XZmW H${WVr gdm bj `moJy Ÿ& eãXt H¡$go gm§Jy dUm}{Z`m§ Ÿ&&
ghOt gX²Jwê§$Zr O| dX{db| Ÿ& ^oX ho H${W H$s àoaUoZ| Ÿ&&
_yi ñdê$nmV Zmht Vo H$s ^oX Ÿ& Amho V| A^oX ñd`§à^Ÿ &&
Zm_| AgVr ZmZm nar dñVy EH$ Ÿ& AmË_ñdê$n XoI åhUVr Á`mgr&&
(g§{jßV gX²Jwé-M[aÌ 9:95-129)
***

184 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 {eî`-^ŠVn[adma
lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo AJ{UV {eî`-^ŠV gd©Ì ngabobo AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s
{H$Ë`oH$m§Mr Zmd{ZernwaVrM _m{hVr CnbãY Amho. lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
{da{MV g§{jßV gX²Jéw -M[aÌmV `mn¡H$s AZoH$ _§S>itMm ÌmoQ>H$ C„oI gmnS>Vmo.
lr.~r.S>r.Hw$bH$Uu ZmdmMo EH$ ^ŠV lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Zoh_r `oV AgV.
Ë`m§Zm Mmdrdmbo Hw$bH$Uu åhUyZ gd©OU AmoiIrV AgV, H$maU lr~m~m§À`m
ImobrVrb KS>çmimbm Mmdr XoÊ`mMo H$m_ Zoh_rM Ë`m§À`mH$S>o Ago. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm
_§ÌmZwJh« XoD$Z lrJUnVr AWd©erfm©Mr CnmgZm {Xbr hmoVr.
lr.e§H$a {Q>H$mao ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW {Z`{_V Xe©Zmbm `oV AgV. lr.am_^mD$
ghò~wÕXo I o rb lr~m~m§À`m Imobrda Or H$mhr KS>b o Vr godm H$aÊ`mgmR>r `oV AgV.
hoOr~ XwH$mZXma, Or.nr.Omoer, åhmXm}iH$a, VgoM aoeqZJ ImË`mV ZmoH$ar H$aUmao
XÎmmon§V ^Q> hr _§S>ir lr~m~m§H$S>o Zoh_r `oUmar hmoVr. lr.^Q> `m§Mo H$mhr H$mi nwÊ`mV,
Zmam`U noR>oV, {H$amUm_mbmMo XwH$mZ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr lrgyŠVmMo nmR> H$amd`mg
gm§{JVbo hmoV.o lr~m~m§da Ë`m§Mr lÕm hmoVr. na§Vw lr~m~m g_m{YñW Pmë`mda Ë`m§À`m
g_m{YñWmZmMr O~m~Xmar gm§^miUmè`m lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo lr.^Q>
{damoYH$ Pmbo. nwÊ`mV lr ~mbmOr _§{XamOdi ñdV:Mm dmS>m AgUmao lr._H$a§X ^Q>
ZmdmMo EH$ dH$sb lr~m~m§H$S>o `oV AgV. lr~m~m§er Ë`m§Mm ZmVog§~§Y hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m
{ddmhmg lr~m~m hOa hmoVo. lr.^mnH$a {nVmnwÌ, nwÊ`mV noQ´>mob n§nmMo _mbH$ hmoVo.
Ë`m§Mrhr lr~m~m§da lÕm hmoVr d Xe©Zmg `oV AgV. lr.a§JamO ~N>amO _ohVm ZmdmMo
_madmS>r J¥hñW lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r Xa gmo_dmar Z MwH$Vm `oV AgV. Vo Ambo H$s
lr~m~m Ë`m§Mr AmñWmnydH© $ gd© Mm¡H$er H$arV AgV. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m Amerdm©XmZo
{Xbrn d {dO` Ago XmoZ _wbJo Pmbo. lr._ohVm§À`m nümV Ë`m§Mo XmoKo _wbJo lr~m~m§À`m
g_m{YñWmZr {Z`{_VnUo `oV AgVmV.
{gQ>r nmoñQ>mg_moa ~gyZ bmoH$m§À`m _{ZAm°S>©ar, nÌo {b{hUmao lr.R>mHy$a ZmdmMo
J¥hñW lr~m~m§H$S>o `oV AgV. Vo ~m±S> am`Q>a åhUyZ H$m_ H$arV AgV. lr~m~m§À`m
Xoh{dgO©ZmZ§Va ~arM df} Vo g_m{Y_§{XamV Zo_mZo `oV AgV. VgoM CËgdmV, nmbIr
àX{jUoV CËgmhmZo ^mJ KoV AgV.
lr.dg§Vamd noR>o ZmdmÀ`m ^ŠVm§H$S>o lr~m~m§Zr {Xbobr H$mhr ZmUr {ZË` nyOVo

{eî`-^ŠVn[adma / 185
R>do bobr AmhoV. Vo d Ë`m§Mo nwÌ _wH$§w X d a_oe, VgoM Ë`m§Mr H$Ý`m hr _§S>ir AmOhr
ñWmZmV `oV AgVmV. lr. e§H$a Hw$bH$Uu ZmdmMo _amR>r {MÌnQ>gï¥ >rVrb EH$ ZQ>,
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm ^pŠV^mdmZo `oV AgV. lr.à^mH$a Omoer `m Zoh_r `oUmè`m
EH$m ^ŠVmbm lr~m~m§Zr H$mhr _§ÌOn {Xbm hmoVm. Vo Á`mo{Vf gm§JV AgV.
lr._mYd XÎmmÌo` {MVio ZmdmMo EH$ J¥hñW lrñdm_r g_WmªMr CnmgZm H$arV
AgV. Ë`m§Mo AmOmo~m§Zm lrñdm_r g_WmªMm H¥$nmàgmX bm^bobm hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m
MwbË`m§ZmXoIrb lrXÎmmÌo`m§Mo Xe©Z Pmbo hmoV.o
EH$ {Xdg lr.{MVio amÌrÀ`m doir lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m Vg{~arg_moa ~gyZ Ü`mZ
H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m doir lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m \$moQ>moVrb ê$nmV H$mhrVar doJionUm `oVmo`
Agm gmaIm ^mg hmoD$ bmJbm. àW_ Ë`m§Zm Vmo Ñ{ï>^«_ dmQy>Z Ë`m§Zr {VH$S>o Xwb©j
Ho$bo. na§Vw ~amM doi VgoM Ñí` {XgV Amho Ago nmhÿZ Vo Jm|Yibo. Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m
MwbË`m§Mr AmR>dU Pmbr. Vo CnmgH$ Agë`m_wio Ë`m§Mm `m~m~VrV gëbm KoD$Z
nmhmdo åhUyZ Vo AnamÌr gw_mao XrS> dmOVm Ë`m§À`mH$S>o {ZKmbo, Vmo dmQ>Vo MwbVoM
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o `oVmZm ^oQ>bo. XmoKm§Zmhr EH$_oH$m§Zm nmhÿZ {dñ_` dmQ>bm. lr.{MVio
`m§Zr Amnbm AZw^d Ë`m§Zm gm§{JVbm Voìhm Ë`m§Zr _mZ S>mb o mdbr d åhUmbo, ""~amo~aM
Amho _bmhr lrXÎmmÌo`m§Zr AmÎmmM `{VdofmV Xe©Z {Xbo d gm§{JVbo, Vmo _mÂ`mH$S>o
`oUma Amho Ë`mbm nmR>d. åhUyZ ho VmËH$mi Vwbm gm§JÊ`mgmR>rM _r VwÂ`mH$S>o `oV
hmoVmo.'' Aem VèhoZo XmoKm§Zmhr IyU nQ>ë`mMm AmZ§X Pmbm. _J lr.{MVio Ë`mM
nhmQ>o MwbË`m§À`m gm§JÊ`mà_mUo Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg Jobo.
MwbË`m§ZrM Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m KamV nÎmm XoD$Z gd© nyOm gm{hË`, hma, Am§~m, Zmai
dJ¡ao {Xbo. nÎmm emoYrVemoYrV, lr.{MVio Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o lr~m~m§À`m Kar Job.o
lr.{MVù`m§Zr ImobrV nmD$b Q>mH$VmM, ""Am_Mm H$m` Am§ã`mMm Y§Xm Amho H$m`?''
Ago åhUyZ {MVù`m§Zm M{H$V Ho$bo. Voìhm hoM Amnbo gX²Jéw Ago OmUyZ, Ë`m§Zr
lr~m~m§Mr ~amo~a Zoboë`m nyOm gm{hË`mZo, `Wmgm§J nyOm Ho$br. Ë`m§Zm hma KmbyZ
Am§~m, lr\$i An©U Ho$bo. ""XmoZ {XdgmZ§Va Jwénm¡{U©_obm `o'' Aer lr~m~m§Mr
Amkm Pmbr. VoìhmnmgyZ åhUOo 1949 gmbmnmgyZ lr.{MVio lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm
Zoh_rM OmD$ bmJbo.
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm EH$ OnmMr _mi {Xbr hmoVr. Ë`m doir lr.{MVio `m§Zm ZmoH$ar
ZìhVr d doi nwîH$i Ago. Voìhm lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm EH$ZmWr ^mJdV, lrkmZoœar d
lrXmg~moY ho J«§W dmMmd`mg gm§{JVbo. Ë`m§Zr Vo amoO H«$_mZo gH$mir EH$, Xwnmar

186 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Am{U g§Ü`mH$mir {Vgam Agm dmMZmMm {Z`_ R>a{dbm. Ë`m§Zm Agm AZw^d Ambm
H$s lr~m~m§H$S>o Xe©Zmg Joë`mda Ë`m§Zr Omo J«W§ ZwH$VmM dmMbm Agob, Ë`mMr IyU
lr~m~m Amnë`m g§^mfUmVyZ nQ>dZy XoV. Ago dma§dma hmoD$ bmJë`mZo lr.{MVio
`m§Zm AM§~m dmQ>.o åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr dmMVmZm H«$_ gmaIm ~XbVm R>do Zy nm{hbo. na§Vw
VargwÕm lr~m~m§Zr Zo_H$m Ë`m§Zr dmMboë`m J«W§ mMmM CëboI H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m
A§V:gm{jËdmMm AZw^d {Xbm. nwT>o Ë`m§Zr Aem àH$mao lr~m~m§Mr narjm nmhmÊ`mMm
ZmX gmoS>yZ {Xbm. Ah§H$ma Oê$a Agmdm, nU Vmo gX²Jéw M § m Ah§H$ma Agmdm, Ago
lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbo hmoVo.
{XKo _mñVa ZmdmMo EH$ nwÊ`mMo J¥hñW lr~m~m§H$S>o `oV AgV. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m
""Vy nyd©OÝ_r g|Q> A°ÝS´>çyO hmoVmg'' Ago åhUV AgV. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr Ü`mZ_mJm©Mr
{eH$dU {Xbr. lr.{XKo emioV gm`Ýg {df` {eH$drV AgV. lr~m~m§Zm Ë`m§Zr ho
gm§JVmM Vo åhUmbo, ""OrdZm§VgwÕm gm`ÝgbmM _hÎd Amho. ''Life is full of
Science and Synthesis.'' {XKo _mñVam§À`m ~{hUrMo b¾ O_V Zmhr åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm
\$ma qMVm dmQ>V hmoVr. lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm AŠH$bH$moQ>bm OmD$Z `m`bm gm§{JVbo.
Ë`mà_mUo Vo AŠH$bH$moQ>bm OmD$Z Kar naV `oVmM, VmoM Ë`m§Zm ~{hUrMo b¾ R>aë`mMr
~mV_r {_imbr. lr~m~m {XKo _mñVam§Zm Vo Xe©ZmgmR>r Amë`mda H$mhr Zm H$mhr
Im`bm XoV AgV. H$Yr H$Yr CgmMm ag Am{U Mhm EH$Ì H$ê$Z ñdV: ß`m`Mo Am{U
{XKo _mñVam§Zmhr Amnë`m ~amo~a Úm`Mo.
lr~m~m§Zr EH$Xm Ë`m§Zm {dMmabo, ""Vwåhr ~m`~b dmMbo Amho H$m` ?'' Vo
"Zmhr' åhUVmM, ""~mOmamVyZ EH$ `oey {¼ñVmMm \$moQ>mo AmU Am{U Vmo g_moa R>odyZ
~m`~bMo JwéM[aÌmgmaIo gmodù`mZo nmam`U H$a'' Aer Amkm Ho$br. Ë`mà_mUo
{XKo _mñVam§Zr gmV {Xdgm§V ~m`~bMo nmam`U Ho$bo. Vr ~m`~bMr àV Am{U àgmX
KoD$Z {XKo _mñVa lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm Job.o Voìhm lr~m~m ~m`~b Amnë`m S>mŠo `mda
R>odyZ ZmMbo d Vm|S>mZo ""g|Q> A°ÝS>çyO H$s O` !'' Ago åhUmbo. _J lr.{XKo _mñVam§Zm
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV§ Zmai R>do Zy `m`bm gm§{JVbo. ""Rw>~o nmH©$_Ü`o AÊUmgmho~
JwßË`m§H$S>o OmD$Z Ë`m§Zm EH$ Zmai Úm Am{U gm§Jm "_r b¾mMm Amho' åhUyZ. _mPo
Zmd _mÌ Ë`m§Zm gm§Jy ZH$m'' Ago lr~m~m {XKo _mñVam§Zm åhUmbo. lr.{XKo_mñVam§Zm
^rVr dmQ>br na§Vw lr JwßVo (lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Y)y `m§Zr Vo lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z Amë`mMo AmoiIbo
d MhmnmUr XoD$Z AmnwbH$sZo Ë`m§À`mer Iyn Jßnm Ho$ë`m.
{XKo _mñVam§Mo ñZohr S>m°. JwO©a `m§Mo {H$S>ZrMo Am°naoeZ R>abobo hmoVo. Am°naoeZ

{eî`-^ŠVn[adma / 187
Iyn AdKS> Agë`mZo gd© _§S>ir qMVmVya Pmbr hmoVr. {XKo _mñVam§Zr lr~m~m§À`m
H$mZmda hr Jmoï> KmVë`mda Vo åhUmbo, ""Ë`m§Zm Am°naoeZ H$am`bm ZoÊ`mnydu Jyi
Am{U H$T>rnÎmm Im`bm Úm.'' lr.JwOa© `m§Zm {XKo _mñVam§Zr Ë`mn«_mUo XmoÝhr Im`bm
{Xbo. Am°naoeZ ì`dpñWV nma nSy>Z Ë`m§À`m OrdmdaMo g§H$Q> Q>ibo.
lr._Yy Xoenm§S>o ZmdmMo J¥hñW lr~m~m§À`m MaUr ^ŠVr R>do Zy Ë`m§Mr AI§S> godm
H$arV AgV. Ë`m§À`m~amo~a AZoH$ VrW©`mÌm H$aÊ`mMr Ë`m§Zm g§Yr bm^br hmoVr.
Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§À`m g_mÏ`m©Mo AZoH$ AZw^dhr àmßV Pmbo hmoV.o H$ë`mUhÿZ lr.~r.nr.
Jdir ho {Z`{_V lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmbm `oV AgV. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:gmR>r EH$
gmoim VmS>çm§Mr N>Ìr AmUmd`mg gm§{JVbr hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV Ë`m§À`m
dmnamÀ`m dñVyÀ§ `m H$nmQ>mV Vr AmOhr nmhmd`mg {_iVo.
_w~§ B©Vrb lr.{XJ§~a Xm^moiH$a ZmdmÀ`m J¥hñWm§Mr Ñï>r _§X hmoD$Z {XgoZmgo Pmbo
åhUyZ Vo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r nwÊ`mbm Ambo hmoV.o Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr ""EH$m OmJr
ñdñW ~gm åhUOo Vw_Mo H$m_ gmYob. nwÊ`mV {\$amb Va hadyZ Omb. _mPo Vw_À`m
S>mùo `m§H$S>o nyU© bj Amho'' Aem àH$mao Yra {Xbm hmoVm.
lr Hw$bH$Uu _hmamO ZmdmÀ`m gËnwéfm§Mo {eî` lr.^mboamd dH$sb, ZJahÿZ
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg Ambo Am{U V¥ßV hmoD$Z am{hbo. lr.gw§Xaamd ZmB©H$ ZmdmÀ`m
_w~§ B©hZÿ Amboë`m EH$m J¥hñWm§Zm lr~m~m§Zr EH$ ~mQ>br^a qhJmï>H$ MyU© {Xbo hmoV.o
_w§~B©bm Vmb_H$sdmS>r_Ü`o amhmUmao lr.nm§Sw>a§Jamd _a~ùir ZmdmMo EH$ ñdm_tMo
A{YH$mar ^ŠV hmoV.o lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO _w~§ B©V dmñVì` H$amd`mMo Agë`mg,
AZoH$Xm Ë`m§À`m Kar CVaV AgV. lr._a~ùir `m§Zm ñdV: lrñdm_r g_WmªZr Ü`mZ`moJ
{eH${dbm hmoVm Am{U Ë`m§Zrhr {Zð>Zo o Ë`mV àJVr H$ê$Z KoVbr hmoVr.
gZ 1954 _Ü`o lr~m~m§Zr Ñï>mÝV XoD$Z Ë`m§Zm nwÊ`mg nmMm[abo. ""AmO _r
_mS>rdê$Z CVê$Z Imbr `oUma Amho. Voìhm Vy _mPo Xe©Z Ko,'' Agm Ë`m§Zm Ñï>mÝV
Pmbm. Ë`mà_mUo Vo nwÊ`mV Ambo. ~amo~a Ë`mM {Xder lr~m~m _mS>rdê$Z Imbr
CVabo d H$mio ZmdmÀ`m Amnë`m godHo $è`mH$S>o Job.o na§Vw VoWo Ë`m§Zm amhmdogo dmQ>bo
Zmhr d åhUyZ nwÝhm Vo Yw_mi {~pëS>J¨ _Ü`o `oD$Z ~gbo. `oVm OmVm lr._a~ùir
lr~m~m§À`m ~amo~aM hmoV.o Ë`m§À`m A§JmV lrñdm_r g_WmªMm g§Mma hmoV Ago. lr~m~m§Zr
Xoh gmoS>ë`mZ§Va Vo lr~m~m§À`m A§Ë``mÌogmR>r Ambo hmoV.o Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr
Ñï>mÝV XoD$Z gm§{JVbo hmoVo H$s, ""_mÂ`m Adeof AñWtn¡H$s XmoZ AñWr {dR>m~o mg
XoÊ`mgmR>r Vy H$mTy>Z Ko Am{U Ë`mbm ZoD$Z Xo.'' Ë`m Ñï>mÝVmà_mUo Ë`m§Zr {MVo_YyZ XmoZ

188 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

AñWr H$mTy>Z KoVë`m hmoË`m. nwT>o 1965 gmbmV Ë`m§Zr Ë`m AñWr lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zm {Xë`m. Ë`m§Zr {d{YnydH© $ Ë`m AñWtMr ewÕr H$ê$Z EH$m am¡ß`H$bemV
à{Vð>mnZm Ho$br. VrM lr~m~m§Mr Mag_mYr, lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr _w~§ B©Vrb
^ŠVm§H$[aVm Amnë`m EH$m {eî`mH$S>o R>do br d ñdIMm©Zo Ë`m g_mYrMr nyOm-AMm©
~«m÷UmÛmao A{^foH$ nmR> BË`mXr AZwð>mZo, Z¡doÚ Aer gd© ì`dñWm Ho$br.
lr._a~ùitÀ`m nËZr gm¡.épŠ_Ur~mB© `mhr Wmoa ñdm_r^ŠV hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mr lrgX²Jéw
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§da {Zñgr_ lÕm hmoVr.
Yw_mi {~pëS>¨J_Ü`o amhmUmao lr.ì`§H$Q>oe VWm XmXm nam§Ono ZmdmMo J¥hñW,
lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg gZ 1945nmgyZ `oV AgV. lr~m~m§Zr ñdV:Mm \$moQ>mo öX`mer
bmdyZ Ë`m§Zm àgmX^oQ> åhUyZ {Xbm hmoVm. nwÊ`mVrb àVmn, {dœmg, dm_Z Am{U
O`§V ho `§Xo ~§Yy d Ë`m§À`m _mVmolr, VgoM Ë`m§Mo MwbVo, Ë`mMà_mUo lr.ZmZm nmR>H$
ho gd© lrg§V JOmZZ _hmamO JwßVo `m§Mo ^ŠV hmoVo d {Z`{_VnUo lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg
`oV AgV.
S>m°.har^mD$ AmR>ë`o, lr.Í`§~H$ g. V|S>mobH$a `m§Zmhr lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z KSbo hr
Ë`m§Mr lr~m~m§À`m {R>H$mUr ÑT> lÕm hmoVr. lr.{dZm`H$amd ^mJdV ZmdmMo EH$
nwñVH$mMo ì`mnmar nwÊ`mV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr fmoS>emonMmao nyOm H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z
àmW©Zmnyd©H$ CnmgZm _mJyZ KoVbr. VoìhmnmgyZ lr~m~m§Mo {eî`Ëd àmßV H$ê$Z Vo
{Z`{_V Xe©ZmgmR>r `oD$ bmJbo.
lr~m~m nr.S>ãë`y.S>r._Ü`o ZmoH$ar H$aV AgVmZm, Ë`m§Mo gmhmæ`H$ åhUyZ lr.JUoe
AmioH$a ZmdmMo J¥hñW H$m_ H$arV AgV. Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr doJdoJù`m àg§Jr AZoH$
N>m`m{MÌo H$mT>br hmoVr. lr~m~m§Mr _Z:nyd©H$ godm H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m~amo~a Vo gX¡d
{R>H${R>H$mUr OmÊ`mg VËna AgV. lr.AmioH$a nwÊ`mV Vwier~mJoOdi amhmV AgV.
lr~m~m noÝeZ AmUm`bm OmVmZm Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m~amo~a KoD$Z OmV. Vo hmo{_AmonW° rMrhr
à°pŠQ>g H$arV AgV. nmdgÀ`m lr ñdê$nmZ§X ñdm_r§Mo Jwé lrg§V JUoeZmW d¡Ú
VWm ~m~m d¡Ú ho lr.AmioH$am§Mo Jwé hmoVo. lr JUoeZmWm§Zm _Q>§Jo d¡Ú åhUyZhr
{H$Ë`oH$ bmoH$ AmoiIrV AgV. Vo aoëdoV ZmoH$ar H$arV AgV. Ë`m§Mr Jwéna§nam hr
ZmWn§Wr AgyZ lr JUoeZmW ho `m CnmgZoV WmoanXmbm nmohmoMbobo hmoV.o lrgX²Jéw
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Mm gX²Jéw -M[aÌmV CëboI H$aVmZm,
ZmWgm§àXm`r hmoVo ~m~m d¡Ú Ÿ& CnmgZm A^oÚ Ago Ë`m§Mr &&
Ago {bhÿZ R>do bobo Amho.

{eî`-^ŠVn[adma / 189
 IoS> (_§Ma) åhUOo hëbrMo amOJwê$ZJa `m Jmdr lr.X._.Omoer _mñVa
(E_.E.~r.Q>r.) ho hm`ñHy$b_Ü`o {ejH$ hmoV.o lr~m~m§Zm na_mWm©{df`r nwîH$i àý
{dMmê$Z, Amnbo e§H$m{ZagZ H$ê$Z KoÊ`m{df`r ho Omoer _mñVa \$ma VËna AgV.
lr~m~m§Zr `m§À`mda AZwJh« H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm gVV EH$ _{hZm ñdê$nmÀ`m qMVZmV X§J
H$ê$Z R>do bo hmoV.o nwT>o `m§Zr XmT>r OQ>m dmT>{dë`m hmoË`m. lr~m~m§Zm AZoH$Xm ho nÌ
{bhrV AgV. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO H$arV Agboë`m lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr-nwÊ`{VWr
CËgdmV Ë`m§Mr AmdOyZ© CnpñWVr Ago. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV amhmUmè`m
OmoerUH$mHy$ Ë`m§À`m _mVmolr hmoV. Ë`m§MrgwÕm lr~m~m§da {ZVm§V lÕm hmoVr d lr~m~m§Zr
_mJ© XmIdyZ {Xë`mà_mUo `m OmoerUH$mHy$ lÕmnydH© $ CnmgZm H$arV AgV.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV amhmUmao lr.ZmZm ~mnQ> (lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy) `m§Mo
{Ma§Ord lr.^mbM§Ð ~mnQ> d ñZwfm gm¡. {d_bm~mB© hr _§S>ir lr~m~m§À`m Xe©Zmg
`oV AgV. lr.ZmZm ~mnQ>mM § r H$Ý`m ÛmaH$mVmB© hr _R>mVM amhÿZ B©œa^ŠVr H$arV
Ago. {VÀ`mdahr lr~m~m§Mr H¥$nm hmoVr.
Hw$.XwJm© XÎmmÌo` \$S>Ho$ ZmdmMr EH$ _wbJr _w§~B©bm aoëdoV ZmoH$ar H$arV Ago. Vr
lr~m~m§À`m {eî`m hmoVr. _w§~B©hÿZ AZoH$Xm lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r {VMo `oUo hmoV
Ago. lr~m~m§~Ôb {VÀ`m _ZmV Iyn ^pŠV^md Ago.
lr~m~m§Mo Om_mV lr.ZriH§$R>amd Iao `m§Mo EH$ _oìhUo lr.VmË`mgmho~ Omoer
nwUo ehamVM amhmV AgV. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr g_m{YñWmZr lr~m~m§Mm
_moR>m \$moQ>mo d nmXwH$m ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mnydu VoWo ñWmnZm Ho$boë`m \$moQ>mo-nmXwH$m§Mo {dgO©Z
H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ë`m {dg{O©V nmXwH$m d \$moQ>mo Ë`m§À`m Kar Ë`m§Zr OVZ H$ê$Z R>odë`m
hmoË`m.
lr.Zmam`U ~m~mOr VioH$a ZmdmMo J¥hñW lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oV AgV.
Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§~amo~a VrW©`mÌog OmÊ`mMm `moJ Ambm hmoVm. Ë`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr H$mhr
CnmgZm gm§JZy YÝ` Ho$bo hmVo.o lr. XÎmmÌo` d lr.am_^mD$ g_oi `m§À`mdahr lr~m~m§Mr
H¥$nm Pmbr hmoVr.
dmB©Mo gËnwéf lr bobo _hmamO (`moJr AaqdXm§Mo Jwé) `m§Mo {eî` _moVrdmbo bmJy
nwÊ`mV amhmV AgV. lr.bmJy `m§Zm AZoH$ g§V-gËnwéfm§À`m Xe©Zmg OmÊ`mMr AmdS>
hmoVr. lr~m~m§H$S>o Vo nwîH$i doim OmV AgV. lr~m~m§Zr Xoh R>do ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`m
ImobrVrb gm_mZmMr ì`dñWm, Hw$Ur H$mhr dñVy _m{JVë`mg Ë`m§Zm XoU,o H$mhr dñVy
{dHy$Z Q>mH$Uo, Aem àH$mao H$aÊ`mV Ë`m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoVbm hmoVm. lr.bmJyZ§ r lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z

190 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Amnbo Xhm hOma én`o H$O© `oUo Amho Ago gm§{JVbo. lr~m~m XohYmar AgVmZm
gm§Ho${VH$ AWm©Zo _bm Xhm hOma én`o XoUo Amho, H$O© Amho Ago ~aoM doim åhUV
AgV. Ë`m§À`m ZmVodmB©H$, ñZohr `m§Zm Ë`m§Zr nÌmVyZgwÕm AZoH$ doim Aem AWm©Mm
_OHy$a {bhÿZ nmR>{dbm hmoVm. lr~m~m§À`m eãXm§Mm Aem VèhoZo ewÕ J¡a\$m`Xm KoÊ`mMm
`m§Mm hm à`ËZ hmoVm. na§Vw OdiOdi gd© _§S>ir OmUV hmoVr H$s lr~m~m§Zr àË`j
bm¡{H$H$ AWm©Zo Hw$UmH$Sy>Zhr H$O© KoVbobo Zmhr. Ë`m_wio lr.Iao `m§Zr ""_mPr nËZr
gm¡.{Z_©bmVmB© ({M_mVmB©) hr lr~m~m§Mr H$m`Xoera dmag Amho. Voìhm Oa Vwåhr
lr~m~m§Zr Amnë`mH$Sy>Z Xhm hOma én`o H$Om©D$ KoVë`mMr H$mhr boIr {MÇ>rMnmQ>r
hOa H$arV AgbmV, Va {VÀ`mdVrZo Vwåhr åhUV Agboë`m lr~m~m§À`m H$Om©Mr
naV\o$S> H$aÊ`mg _r V`ma Amho,'' Agm _wÔm _m§S>bm. Voìhm lr.bmJy {ZéÎma Pmbo d
Ë`m§Zr Vmo Xmdm gmoS>bm.
lrg§V Zmam`U _hmamO Ho$S>JmdH$am§Mo {eî` lr.am`arH$a a~S>o ho lr~m~m§À`m
Xe©Zmbm `oV AgV. Vo Ho$S>Jmdbm AZoH$Xm _{hZm_{hZm godm H$aÊ`mgmR>r OmD$Z
amhmV AgV. Vo Ho$S>Jmdbm {ZKmbo H$s lr~m~m, lr Zmam`U _hmamOm§Zm XoÊ`mgmR>r
EH$ bm§~bMH$ nÌ d n¡gmgwnmar Ë`m§À`mOdi XoV AgV. a~SoH§ $Sy>Z Vo Ë`mMm ñdrH$ma
H$ê$Z lr~m~m§Mr Iwembr EoHy$Z KoV. lr. a~S>oZm lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy lr._wHw§$Xamd _moKo
`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr _m{hVr {Xbr hmoVr. `mMr gmj lr~m~m§Zr _moR>çm Amü`©H$maH$ nÕVrZo
nQ>dyZ {Xbr. lr._moKo `m§Mo dmñVì` B§Xyabm Ago. lr.a~S>o `m§Zm Xwê$Z nmhyZM lr~m~m
""B§Xya, B§Xya, B§Xya'' Ago {Ìdma nwQ>nwQ>bo. lr Zmam`U _hmamO lr~m~m§Zm {H$Vr AmXamZo
dmJdrV `m{df`r lr. a~S>o `m§Zr Ë`m§Mo AZw^d AÝ`Ì Z_yX H$ê$Z R>do bo AmhoV.
lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm lr~m~m§Zr Ho$S>Jmdbm nmR>{dbo hmoVo. Voìhm
Ë`m§À`mgmo~V lr.a~S>o `m§Zmhr nmR>{dbo hmoVo.
lr.~mimgmho~ {^S>o VgoM lr.~«÷oH$mH$m ho nwîH$iXm lr~m~m§Mo MaUXe©Z KoD$Z
OmV AgV. H$ë`mUMo lr._wabrYa ^moa ho lr~m~m§g_doV AZoH$Xm VrW©`mÌm§Zm OmD$Z
Ambo. Ë`m§Mr lr~m~m§da ÑT> {Zð>m hmoVr. nwÊ`mV amhmUmao lr.dmgwXod A_¥V VWm
~mimgmho~ nmZdbH$a `m§Zm lr~m~m§Mo ~aoM doim Xe©Z KS>bo hmoV.o lr~m~m§Mo Jwé~§Yy
lr.AÀ`wV_m_m nmZdbH$a ho Ë`m§Mo MwbVo hmoV.o lr.~mnQ>mZ§ r ñdV:À`m Zmdo à{gÕ
Ho$boë`m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m M[aÌmMo _yi boIH$ ho AÀ`wV_m_mM hmoV.
lr.~mimgmho~m§Zm AÀ`wV_m_m§Mm \$moQ>mo lr~m~m§Zr nyOoV R>odÊ`mgmR>r {Xbm hmoVm.
lr.nmZdbH$a `m§Zr AIoan`ªV lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mr d lr~m~m§À`m

{eî`-^ŠVn[adma / 191
g_m{YñWmZmMr {Zð>mnyd©H$ godm H$ê$Z lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mr H¥$nm g§nmXZ
Ho$br. XaamoO g_m{Y_§{XamV `oD$Z haEH$ ~m~VrV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m
AmkoZgw ma gd© H$m_o MmoI arVrZo nyU© H$aÊ`m{df`r Ë`m§Mr {Zð>m lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zm AVrd {à` hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m gm¡^m½`dVr, _wb,o gwZm, ZmVd§S>o ~arM df}
g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m g§nH$m©V hmoVr.
lr.JOmZZ ^mQ>dS>Ho $a Am{U `ogVy mB© `m§Zm ~mbnUr lr~m~m§À`m Kar dmñVì`
H$aÊ`mMo ^m½` bm^bo hmoVo. Ah_Xm~mX `oWo amhmUmao, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo godoH$ar
lr.am_M§Ð ^mJdV `m§Mr lr~m~m§da ^ŠVr hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m A§Vg_`r lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm
àË`j Xe©Z XoD$Z H¥$VmW© Ho$bo hmoVo.
{dîUy {MniyUH$a ZmdmÀ`m ~_m©eob H§$nZrV ZmoH$ar H$aUmè`m J¥hñWm§Zm
lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z _§ÌOn d Ü`mZ_mJm©Mr CnmgZm bm^br hmoVr. lr~m~m§À`m H¥$noZo `m§Mm
àn§M gwImMm Pmbm. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Zm g§àXm` (JwénXoe) {Xbm
hmoVm. na§Vw Ë`m§Zr lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§er H¥$V¿ZnUo dmJyZ d lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§À`m {damoYH$m§er hmV{_idUr H$ê$Z, Ë`m§Zm \$ma Ìmg {Xbm hmoVm.
Aem VèhoZo AZoH$ _§S>ir lr~m~m§À`m ghdmgmV Ambr. doJdoJù`m g§àXm`mVrb
_§S>itMm `m_Ü`o g_mdoe hmoVm. {H$Ë`oH$OU lr~m~m§Mo Ho$di ^ŠV hmoV,o Va H$mhtMm
lr~m~m§Zr {eî` åhUyZ ñdrH$ma Ho$bm hmoVm. H$mhr bm¡{H$H$ H$m_Zm§À`m nyVugmR>r
lr~m~m§Mr godm H$arV hmoV,o Va H$mhr nma_m{W©H$ `mo½`Vm àmßVrÀ`m hoVZy o Ë`m§Mm g_mJ_
H$arV hmoV.o H$mhr _moOŠ`mM ì`ŠVr lr~m~m§Mr Iar `mo½`Vm OmUyZ {Zanoj, {Zah§H$mar
d¥ÎmrZo Ë`m§Zm gd©^mdo eaU Joë`mMo AmT>iVo. {H$Ë`oH$m§Zr Amnbm H$m`©^mJ gmYUma
Zmhr, Ago {XgVmM H$mT>Vm nm` KoVbm.
EH$m godmH$è`mÀ`m ~m~VrV KS>bb o m àg§J {dMmamV KoÊ`mgmaIm Amho. lr~m~m§À`m
EH$m {ZH$Q> AmßV órer {ddmh H$aÊ`mMr Ë`mMr BÀN>m hmoVr. na§Vw lr~m~m§Zm hr Jmoï>
Zm_§Oay R>abr d Ë`m§Zr ZH$ma {Xbm. Voìhm Vmo godHo $ar lr~m~m§H$S>o `md`mMm ~§X Pmbm.
nwT>o Ë`m órMo b¾ hmoD$Z Vr gmgar Jobr. Z§Va hm godHo $ar nwÝhm lr~m~m§H$S>o `oD$
bmJbm. Ë`mM órMr _wbo Anwè`m {Xdgm§Mr OÝ_mbm `oD$Z, OJV ZmhrV Ago KSy>
bmJbo. Voìhm {VZo AmVm, `mbm Cnm` H$m` åhUyZ lr~m~m§Zm {dMmabo. lr~m~m§Zr
gm§{JVbo H$s Vwbm _yb hmoD$ Z`o dm Pmë`mg Vo OJy Z`o, åhUyZ _mÂ`mM EH$m godHo $è`mZo
H$mhr A{Zï> Jmoï> H$ê$Z R>do br Amho. Voìhm {VMm n{ahma hmoÊ`mgmR>r _r Vwbm EH$ Zmai
XoVmo, Vmo Vy Ë`mM godoH$è`mÀ`m Kar AŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_WmªMr

192 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Pmoir Amho, Ë`mV R>od åhUOo VwÂ`m _ZmgmaIo hmoB©b. {VZo Vgo Ho$ë`mZ§Va {VMr
nwT>Mr _wbo gwIê$n OÝ_br d _moR>r Pmbr. Ë`m godHo $è`mZo Ë`m órMr AnË`o OJy
Z`oV åhUyZ ñdV:Mm Zmai Ë`m PmoirV R>do bobm hmoVm, ho Z§Va g_Obo.
***

lrgX²Jwé-ñVwVr
Z_mo gX²Jwéam`m ^ŠVH¡$dm[a`m Ÿ& Vd H¥$n| _m`m {db`m OmB© Ÿ &&1Ÿ&&
gË` AmË_kmZ Xogr {ZO ~mim§ Ÿ& bmdmo{Z`m§ bim ñdê$nmR>m`tŸ &&2Ÿ&&
{df`m§Mm N>§X VwQ>mo{Z`m§ OmV Ÿ& Vd H¥$nm hmoV Ooìhm Ordm Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
Anma Vo ^ŠVr CnOo A§Vat Ÿ& d¡am½`mMr Wmoar H$imo{Z`m§ Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
{ddoH$-A§Hw$a bmJVmo dmT>rg Ÿ& {ZË`m{ZË` Img C_Om| bmJo Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
g§gmamMm nme VwQ>mo{Z`m§ OmV Ÿ& AmdS>r CnOV h[aMo ^OZr§ Ÿ &&6Ÿ&&
h[a Zm_ ¿`mdo h[a JwU Jmdo Ÿ& Eog| Ord|^mdo dmQ>m| bmJo Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
bmJVgo Ordm EH$m§VmMr JmoS>r Ÿ& gmYZr§ AmdS>r CnOo ^mar Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
Vd H¥$noMm hm AJmY _{h_m Ÿ& H$imd`m Amåhm§ Zgo kmZ Ÿ &&9Ÿ&&
Amåhm§ Ak Ordm§ Vmam`m H$maU Ÿ& ZaXoh KodmoZ àJQ> hmogr Ÿ &&10Ÿ&&
Eogo Oo gX²Jwé am_M§Ð ~m~m Ÿ& Á`m§Mm Mmbo Vm~m _m`odar Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

{eî`-^ŠVn[adma / 193
 ApñW{dgO©Z
lr~m~m§Zr g_m{YñW hmoÊ`mnyduÀ`m df©^amÀ`m H$mimV ^ŠVm§Odi ""Am_Mr
ajm B§Ðm`UrV {dg{O©V H$am Am{U AñWr A`moÜ`obm ea`yÀ`m nmÊ`mV gmoS>m. AgVrb
H$mgd§ Va ImD$Z Q>mH$Vrb,'' Aem AWm©Zo doJdoJù`m àg§Jr CX²Jma H$mT>ë`mMo
ñ_aU H$mhr _§S>itZm Pmbo. Ë`mZwgma lr.Am§~oH$a, lr.Z.^m.H$mio d BVa H$mhr
^ŠV lr~m~m§Mr ajm KoD$Z _moQ>marZo Ami§Xrbm Job.o B§Ðm`Ur ZXrV ajm {dg{O©V
Ho$ë`mZ§Va gd© _§S>ir lrkmZoœa _hmamOm§À`m g_mYrMo Xe©Z KoÊ`mgmR>r _§{XamV Jobr.
Ë`m doir {gÕoœamÀ`m _§{XamV, Z§XrÀ`m eoOmar Agboë`m H$Å>çmda lr~m~m _m§S>r
KmbyZ ~gbobo AmhoV Ago EH$ jU^a gdmªZr EH$mM doir nm{hbo. M_Hy$Z Vr _§S>ir
EH$_oH$m§Zm ho gm§JUma, VmoM A§VYm©Z nmdbo. àË`oH$mZo, ""Vy Oo nm{hbog VoM _r
nmhmV hmoVmo'' Aem A{^àm`mZo EH$_oH$m§H$S>o ghoVwH$ Ñ{ï>jon Q>mH$bm. gdmªÀ`m _Zmbm
lr~m~m AmnUmbm gmoS>yZ Jobb o o ZmhrV, `m Jmoï>rMm {Xbmgm dmQ>bm. Ë`m AmZ§XmV
gd© _§S>ir nwÊ`mV naV Ambr.
ApñW{dgO©Z A`moÜ`og OmD$Z ea`y ZXrV H$amd`mMo R>abobo hmoVM o . Ë`mà_mUo
AñWr KoD$Z lr.XmVma, lr. d gm¡.Am§~oH$a, dmgwXod JmoS>~mobo Am{U H$mio BË`mXr
_§S>ir A`moÜ`obm Omd`mg {ZKmbr. gd©OU _w~§ B©bm lr.AZ§Vamd {d. ~oS>Ho $a `m§À`m
Kar Ambo. H$ë`mU `oWrb ^ŠVm§gmR>r, AñWr KoD$Z hr _§S>ir H$ë`mUbm Jobr
AgVm, gdmªZr AñWtMo Xe©Z KoVo bo. Ë`m doir VoWrb _§S>itZr lr~m~m§À`m AñWtn¡H$s
H$mhr Adeof H$ë`mUbm ^ŠVm§gmR>r R>do Ê`mV `mdm Agm \$maM AmJ«h Yabm. nwÊ`mhÿZ
Amboë`m Am§~oH$a, H$mio dJ¡ao _§S>itZm Ë`m§Zm R>m_nUo {damoY H$aVm Ambm Zmhr.
eodQ>r VmoS>Jm Agm H$mT>bm H$s lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m \$moQ>monwT>o {MÇ>çm Q>mH$Ê`mV
`mì`m. Ë`mV Oo R>aob Vo _mÝ` H$amdo, Ago gdm©Zw_Vo R>abo. {MÇ>çm Q>mH$ë`m AgVm,
Ë`mV gd© AñWr ea`y ZXrV {dg{O©V H$amì`m Aem _OHw$amMr {MÇ>r CMbbr Jobr.
Ë`mda H$ë`mUÀ`m _§S>itZr Amnbm hÅ> gmoS>yZ {Xbm.
WmoS>m doi H$ë`mU_Ü`o Wm§~yZ dmamUgr EŠñàogZo nwÊ`mhÿZ Ambobr _§S>ir
Abmhm~mXbm admZm Pmbr. VoWo CVê$Z Xwgè`m JmS>rZo gd©OU A`moÜ`og `oD$Z
nmmohmoMbo. A`moÜ`og lr.OR>ma `m§À`m am__§{XamV _§S>itZr _wŠH$m_ Ho$bm. ho bmoH$
Ooìhm A`moÜ`oV nmohmoMbo, Voìhm gm`§H$mi hmoV hmoVr. gm_mZgw_mZ R>odyZ gd©OU

194 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

Vm~S>Vmo~ ea`yÀ`m KmQ>mda XodXe©ZmgmR>r Job.o Ë`m doir ea`yMo Xe©Z KoV AgVmZm
gdmªMr Ñï>r, nmÊ`mV H$mgdo {XgVmV H$m `mMm doY KoV hmoVr. na§Vw EH$hr H$mgd
Hw$UmÀ`m ZOaog nS>bo Zmhr. Ë`m_wio àË`oH$mÀ`m _ZmV lr~m~m§Mo eãX Kmoiy bmJbo.
H$mgdo Zgbr Va H$m` Agm {dMma S>mŠo `mV gwê$ Pmbm.
Xwgè`m {Xder gd©OU ñdJ©ÛmamOdi am_S>mho ZmdmÀ`m {R>H$mUr AñWtMm H$a§S>H$
KoD$Z Job.o VoWo `Wmemó ApñWnyOZ {dYrbm gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`m doir bhmZ H$mgdo
ZXrÀ`m nmÊ`mVyZ g§WJVrZo Mmbbobr gdmªÀ`m ZOaog nS>br. ApñWnyOZ gwê$
Pmë`mjUmnmgyZ EH$ _moRo >o H$mgd {H$Zmè`mda `oD$Z em§VnUo ~gyZ hmoV.o gm¡.Am§~Ho $a
`m§Mo bj OmVmM, Ë`m§Zr Ë`m H$mgdmbm hiXHw$§ Hy$ dm{hbo. Varhr Vo H$mgd hmbMmb
Z H$aVm VgoM ~gyZ hmoVo. ApñWnyOZ Pmë`mZ§Va lr.H$mio `m§Zr AñWtMo S>mohmV
{dgO©Z Ho$bo. Ë`m~amo~a BVH$m doi {Züb ~gyZ Agboë`m Ë`m H$mgdmZo EH$X_
S>mohmV CS>r KoVbr Am{U Ë`m AñWr {Ji§H¥$V Ho$ë`m. hm M_ËH$ma nmhÿZ gdmªZm
lr~m~m§À`m brboMo H$m¡VHw $ dmQ>b.o
A`moÜ`ohÿZ gd© _§S>ir H$merbm Ambr. VoWo EH$ {Xdg lr {dœoœamMo Xe©Z
KoÊ`mgmR>r _wŠH$m_ H$ê$Z, Xwgao {Xder gd©OU nwÊ`mg naV Ambo.
lr~m~m§À`m Xohmda Á`m {R>H$mUr A{¾g§ñH$ma Pmbm Ë`m OmJr, lr~m~m§Mr g_mYr
~m§YZy VmËnwaVo N>nardOm N>m`mKa C^maÊ`mV Ambo. VwaiH$ ^ŠV_§S>ir VoWo Xe©Zmbm
`oV AgV. Aem n[apñWVrV ^am^a {Xdg OmV df© bmoQ>b.o lr~m~m§Mr n{hbr nwÊ`{VWr
Odi Ambr. CËgdmgmR>r ^ŠVm§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z CËgd _§S>i ñWmnZ Ho$bo. lrgX²Jéw
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Am{U lr.nm§S>waJ§ amd _a~ùir ho H$mhr H$m_m{Z{_Îm Jmoì`mg Jobo
hmoV.o Jmoì`mVyZ nwÊ`{VWrgmR>r nwÊ`mbm naV `oV AgVmZm H°$gbam°H$dê$Z bm|T>m_mJ}
OdiMm añVm Amho åhUyZ H°$gbam°H$Odi Agboë`m XyYgmJa `m {R>H$mUr Vo Xhm
n§Yam _¡b MmbV Ambo. na§Vw H°$gbam°H$bm ^maVr` A{YH$mè`m§Zr gr_m Amobm§S>m`bm
nadmZJr {Xbr Zmhr. eodQ>r XmoKho r _meob (Jmodm) `oWo lr.am.H¥$. VWm AÊUm H$m_V
(lrJwéM[aÌ J«W§ mMo g§emoYZH$V} VgoM Zm_qMVm_Ur `m nwñVH$mMo boIH$) `m§À`m Kar
Job.o lr.H$m_VXoIrb lr~m~m§Mo ^ŠV hmoV.o Ë`m§À`mM Kar lr~m~m§Mr n{hbr nwÊ`{VWr
gmOar H$amd`mMo lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr R>a{dbo. Ë`mà_mUo Vo ñdV:
lr._a~ùir d lr.AÊUm H$m_V `m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr _meob `oWo gmOar Ho$br.
nwÊ`mV ^ŠV_§S>ir§Zr CËgdmMr AmUIr V`mar Mmby Ho$br hmoVr. g_mYrda
bmdÊ`mgmR>r lr~m~m§Mo EH$ nyUm©H$¥ Vr V¡b{MÌ H$aÊ`mMo Ë`m§Zr R>a{dbo. Ë`mà_mUo

ApñW{dgO©Z / 195
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`m§Zm _§S>ir§Zr, lr~m~m§Mo V¡b{MÌ ~Z{dÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr Ho$br. Ë`m§Zr Vr _mÝ` H$ê$Z
CËgdmnydu V¡b{MÌ nyU© H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMo H$~yb Ho$bo. nU Mma-nmM {Xdg Pmbo. Var
Ë`m§Zm {MÌ H$mT>md`mMr àoaUm hmoB©Zm. S´>m°BªJ~moS>©da H°$Zìhmg nona bmdyZ ZwgVo ~gyZ
Ë`m§Mm gmam doi Mmbbm hmoVm. EH$ {Xdg amoOÀ`mà_mUo gH$mir AH$am dmOVm
lr.amd Amnbm MhmMm H$n hmVmV KoD$Z g_moa ~gbo. ""AmOMm {XdggwÕm, ~hwVHo $
AgmM, H$moam H$mJX nwT>çmV R>do Zy OmUma'' Agm {dMma S>mŠo `mV `oD$Z Jobm. BVŠ`mV
H$n VgmM ~mOybm R>do bm Jobm Am{U hmVmVrb ~«e PaPa g_moaÀ`m H°$Zìhmgda
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lr~m~m§Mr hþ~ohÿ~ à{V_m g_moaÀ`m H°$Zìhmgda gmH$ma hmoD$Z lr~m~m àgÞ _wÐoZo
gdmªH$S>o H¥$nmÑï>rZo nmhmV hmoVo. lr~m~m§À`m Xoh`ï>rMo gyú_ ~maH$mdo OgoÀ`mVgo
{MÌm_Ü`o CVabo hmoV.o lr~m~m§Mr Q>mM {VÀ`m Jwbm~r PmHo$gh BVH$s V§VmoVV§ aoImQ>br
hmoVr, H$s àË`j lr~m~mM \$moQ>moÀ`m OmJr ~gbo AmhoV Ago dmQ>mdo. \$moQ>mobm \«o$_
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""lr~m~m§Mo àË`j gm{ÞÜ` _bm hr Vg~ra a§JdrV AgVmZm bm^bo hmoV.o qàQ>nno a
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ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. lr~m~m§À`m àW_ nwÊ`{VWrbm IMm©Mm A§XmO é. 2500/- Mm
hmoVm. Ë`mH$[aVm ^ŠV_§S>itZr n¡go Jmoio Ho$bo. IMm©BVHo$ n¡go AmngwH$M O_m Pmbo.
***

~moYdMZo
* am_mbm Á`mZo OJmV AmUbo, Ë`mZoM amdUmbmgwÕm AmUbo ho bjmV
R>odb§ H$s Pmb§ !
* Ü`mZ ho Jwé§Mo H$amdo, gX²Jwé ho gd©loð> AgVmV.
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

196 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 Jwdm©koMr H$m`©dmhr
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Xe©Zmg ßbm°Q>da Job.o Ë`m {R>H$mUr Ë`m§Zr H$m` nm{hbo, Va _moOH$s _§S>ir Xe©ZmgmR>r
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Z¡dÚ
o , AmaVr BË`mXr ~m~r§Mm H$moUrhr {dMma H$arV ZìhVo. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm
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~mobmdbr d Ë`mV `m gd© Jmoï>tgmR>r H$moUH$moU, H$m`H$m`, O~m~Xmar ñdrH$maÊ`mg
V`ma Amho `mMr {dMmanyg Ho$br. na§Vw H$moUrhr `m~m~VrV CËgwH$Vm XmI{dbr Zmhr.
lr.EZ.Ama.\$S>Ho$, lr.Eg.Ama.Am§~oH$a, lr.à.nw.Omoer dJ¡ao {eî`_§S>irhr `m
~¡R>H$sg CnpñWV hmoVr. nU H$moUmbm Amnë`m d¡`pŠVH$ gwImH$S>o nmR> {\$adyZ
lr~m~m§À`m g_m{YñWmZmÀ`m XoI^mbrgmR>r, CËH$fm©gmR>r H$ï> H$amdo Ago dmQ>V ZìhVo.
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g_m{YñWmZmMr O~m~Xmar KoUmè`m ì`ŠVrbm Am`wî`^a A{gYmamd«VmMo nmbZ H$ê$Z
amhmdo bmJUma hmoVo Am{U `m Jmoï>rMr nwano ay H$ënZm Ë`m {R>H$mUr O_boë`m _§S>it_Ü`o
\$ŠV lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§ZmM hmoVr d Vo Ë`m V`marZoM VoWo Ambobo hmoV.o
Xwgè`m H$moUrVar hm ^ma CMbmdm åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr ~¡R>H$ ~mobm{dbobr ZìhVr. Ho$di
lr~m~m§À`m BVa {eî`m§Zm, ^ŠVm§Zm g§Yr {Xbr Zmhr, Agm AndmX ñdV:da `oD$ Z`o

Jwdm©koMr H$m`©dmhr / 197

BVH$sM Ë`mMr BÀN>m hmoVr. EH$Xm BVam§À`m ~m~VrV Aer ImVaO_m lrgX²Jwé
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m§Zm Pmë`mZ§VaM gZ 1951 _Ü`o lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m§Zm Ho$boë`m
AmkoÀ`m nmbZmW© Vo nwT>o gabo. ""nwÊ`mV Ka ~m§YZy _bm gm§^mierb H$m ?'' ho
lr~m~m§À`m _wImVrb eãX Am{U Ë`mda lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr {Xbobm hmoH$ma `m
XmoÝhr Jmoï>tZr Ë`m§À`m nwT>rb OrdZmMr {Xem, VoìhmM R>ê$Z Jobr hmoVr. lr~m~m§M,o
gX²Jéw M§ o eãX àË`jmV CVa{dUo ho lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m Ñï>rZo Ë`m§Mo
na_H$V©ì` hmoV.o
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_{hÝ`mÀ`m H$mbmdYrV åhUOo gZ 1955 À`m Xgè`mÀ`m gw_mamg lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zr dÜ`m©bm OmD$Z gm¡.{Z_©bmVmB© d lr.ZrbH§$R>amd Iao `m§Mr ^oQ> KoVbr.
lr~m~m§Mo g_m{YñWmZ gm§^mimd`mMo åhUOo Ë`m {R>H$mUr `mo½` Ë`m gwYmaUm
H$aUo, VoWo ^ŠV d godHo $ar `m§Mr amhmÊ`mMr gmo` H$aUo, nwOmar Zo_Uo, BVa daH$S>
ZmoH$aMmH$a R>do Uo, Amë`m Joë`m ^ŠV_§S>itMm nam_e© KoU,o ho gd© AmoKmZoM Ambo.
ho gd© H$amd`mMo åhUOo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm, ñdV:bm `mo½` Vo H$m`Xoera A{YH$ma
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gm¡.{Z_©bm~mB© ZrbH§$R> Iao `m§À`mH$Sy>Z {X. 18 Am°JñQ> 1956 `m B§JO
« r H$mbJUZogw ma
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Z§. 321 S>r, å`w.{g.g.Z§. 937 S>r, {edmOrZJa, nwU-o 16 (VËH$mbrZ nwUo - 4) hr
g_m{YñWmZmMr OmJm Vrg dfmªH$[aVm ^mS>çmZo KoVbr. OmJoMo dm{f©H$ ^mS>o é.300/-
R>abo hmoV.o H$amamMo H$mJXnÌ H$m`XoeraarË`m a{OñQ>S>© H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoV.o
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO ho `m H$amam_wio ßbm°Q>M,o g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m OmJoMo
"brOhmoëS>a' ~Zbo d nwT>ho r Vo brOhmoëS>a åhUyZM am{hbo. Or _mb_Îmm Amnë`m
gX²Jéw M
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H$aÊ`mMm {dMmahr Ë`m§Zr H$Yr _ZmV AmUbm Zmhr.
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g_mYrg_moa Zmai \$moSy>Z Ë`mMo nmUr \$moQ>moda qenS>rV AgV. S>mJ nS>ob `mMr
{\$H$sa Z H$aVm hiX, Hw§$Hy$, ~wŠH$m Vg{~arda CS>drV AgV. Aem AZoH$

198 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

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lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m _ZmV Vo V¡b{MÌ ~XbyZ ZdrZ V¡b{MÌ H$adyZ ¿`mdo Ago
Ambo.
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gmnS>b o .'' Agm gëbm {Xbm. lr.gmdS>H} $a Ë`mà_mUo nwÊ`mbm OmD$Z lr~m~m§À`m
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lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo dmñVì` Ë`m doir _w~§ B©V Vmb_H$sdmS>rV lr.nm§S>waJ§ amd
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V¡b{MÌ KoD$Z nwÊ`mg CËgdmgmR>r OmÊ`mg gm§{JVbo, na§Vw AmXë`m {Xder nhmQ>o
lr~m~m§Zr lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m ñdßZmV `oD$Z gm§{JVbo, ""Vy nwÊ`{VWr gmOar
H$amd`mg `oV Zmhrg åhUOo H$m` ? _mPr Vwbm Amkm Amho, Vy AmboM nm{hOog !''
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lr._a~ùitgh nwÊ`mg Job.o
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Xoìhmè`mV ñWmnZm Ho$br. OwZo V¡b{MÌ [dg{O©V Ho$bo Job.o Aem VèhoZo lr~m~m§À`m
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O_boë`m gd© ^ŠV_§S>itZr lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm CËgdmV `mo½` àH$mao ghH$m`©
{Xbo d Ë`m§À`m~Ôb nyÁ`^mdZm ì`ŠV Ho$br.
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm d Iao nVr-nËZtMm {deof n[aM` ZìhVm qH$~hþZm
A{O~mV ZìhVm Ago åhQ>bo Var Mmbob. na§Vw lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§er ~mobUr

Jwdm©koMr H$m`©dmhr / 199

H$arV AgVmZmM Ë`m XmoKm§Zmhr _ZmVyZ Agm {dœmg dmQ>bm H$s lr~m~m§À`m Ag§»`
{eî`m§_Ü`o lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§MmM gX²J-w godM
o m _mZg gdmªnj
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nyÁ` ^mdZm `m AmR>dUt_Ü`o àH$Q> Pmbr Amho. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m
gX² J w é ^ŠVrMo gå`H$ Xe© Z dmMH$m§ Z m ìhmdo `mgmR> r `m AmR> d Ur gm¡ .
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""gZ 1955_Ü`o Xgè`mMo gw_mamg gH$mir _obZo EH$ gmYmaU _Ü`_ d`mMo
J¥hñW Am_À`m Kar dYm© `oWo Ambo. Ë`m§Zr Amnbm n[aM` lr.{dÇ>b JUoe Omoer,
lr~m~m§Mm {eî` Agm H$ê$Z {Xbm. lr~m~m§À`m A§{V_ jUr Vo nwÊ`mg ZìhVo.
na§Vw AmVm ßbm°Q>da lr~m~m§À`mM AmkoZo lr~m~m§Mr godm H$amd`mMr Agm Amnbm
{dMma R>aë`mMo gm§{JVbo. Voìhm VrW©ê$n ^mD§$Zr (_mPo `O_mZ) gm§{JVbo, "OodU,
{dlm§Vr dJ¡ao Pmë`mda g{dñVa ~mobUr H$ê$.' Z§Va lr~m~m§Mr g_mYr Agbobm
ßbm°Q> lr_hmamOm§Zr ^mS>onQ²>Q>çmZo ¿`md`mMm Ago R>abo. lr~m~m§À`m hOmamo
{eî`m§_Ü`o hrM ì`ŠVr `O_mZm§Zm {dœmgnmÌ dmQ>br.
lr~m~m§À`m g_mYrMr nyOmAOm©, ZmZm{dY B©œar AZwð>mZo `m ßbm°Q>Mo OmJoV
`Wmemó d AmñWoZo hmoV AmhoV hr lrñdm_r g_WmªMrM H¥$nm Amho.
gZ 1956À`m _o _{hÝ`mV Amåhr nwÊ`mg `oD$Z, gdmªJrU {dMma H$ê$Z ßbm°Q>
lr.{dÇ>bamd JUoe Omoer `m§Zm ^mS>onQ²>Q>çmZo XoÊ`mMo H$m_ nwao Ho$bo.
Am_Mr àmn§{MH$ n[apñWVr _Ü`_dJu` hmoVr. H$maU _mPo `O_mZ KamV Á`oîR>
Agë`mZo KaMr gd© O~m~Xmar Ë`m§À`mda hmoVr. ^md§S>m§Mo {ejU, ~{hUtMo {ddmh
d _mVmolr `m gdmªMr O~m~Xmar Am_À`mda hmoVr. KaMm ì`mn gm§^miVmZm \$maM
H$R>rU OmV hmVoo. lr~m~m§Mm Amerdm©X d VrW©ê$n {dÇ>bamdm§gmaIm Jwé~§Yy
{_imë`m_wio Amåhr BVHo$ H$ï> Poby eH$bmo. Ë`m§À`mM g{H«$` gmhmæ`m_wio Amåhr
nyd©dV² gwpñWVrV Ambmo. na_m{W©H$ ~m~VrV {ZË` Z¡{_{ÎmH$ XodY_© d Hw$imMma

200 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

nmiV Agy. A{VWrg§Vn©U d lre§H$amMr CnmgZm Am_À`m KamV Mmby hmoVr.
H$moUVrhr AS>MU Ambr, H$s Vr _r lr_hmamOm§Zm (lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO)
H$idrV Ago d Vo _bm Ë`mVyZ _mJ© XmIdrV AgV d dma§dma åhUV, "{Z_©bmVmB©,
_r Amho Vmon`ªV Vwbm H$gbrM H$miOr ZH$mo.' Ë`m§Zr ^mdmà_mUo _mPr nmR> amIbr
d AOyZgwÕm H$gbrhr AS>MU Ambr, H$s Ë`m§Mo ñ_aU H$aVmM H$m_ \$Îmo hmoVo d
g_mYmZ {_iVo. lr_hmamOm§Zr ^mdmMr CUrd _bm H$YrM ^mgy {Xbr Zmhr. nwîH$i
doim lr_hmamO ^mD§$À`mda (_mPo `O_mZ) amJmdV AgV. nU Z§Va, "dH$sb
H$m` åhUVmo?' Aer H$m¡VwH$mZo Mm¡H$erhr H$arV.
Am_Mr AmOMr àmn§{MH$ n[apñWVr nyU©nUo gwImg_mYmZmMr Amho. _mÂ`m
AmÜ`mpË_H$ CnmgZoV amoO nyOm-nmR>, lrgX²Jwé§Mo ñ_aU, Ü`mZ `m§Mm g_mdoe Amho.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr gm§{JVbobm "› Z_: {edm`' hm On amoO H$aVo. Ë`mZo
gd© H$ï> Zmhrgo hmoVmV. _Z:em§Vr bm^Vo. Xwï> {dMma Xya niyZ OmVmV. lr_hmamOm§Zr
{b{hboë`m lr~m~m§Mr AmaVr d g§{jßV gX²Jwé-M[aÌ øm§À`m dmMZmZo _Zmbm
IamoIa AmZ§X {_iVmo.
lr_hmamOm§Zr ~hrU åhUyZ _mPm Zoh_rM _mZgÝ_mZ Ho$bm. S>m°ŠQ>ar gëë`mnmgyZ
Vo _wbm§À`m AS>MUtn`ªV gd© ~m~VrV H$ë`mUH$mar _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. nwîH$im§Mm amof
nËH$ê$ZgwÕm Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z _mPm Aìhoa H$YrM Pmbm Zmhr. Vo H$m¡VwH$mZo åhUV,
""_mPr EH$M ~hrU Amho, {Vbm ^mD$~rO JobrM nm{hOo.'' ßbm°Q>da Amë`mda
gmS>r-Mmoir {Xë`m{edm` _bm [aŠV hñVo Ë`m§Zr H$YrM nmR>{dbo Zmhr.
lr_hmamO AË`§V {ZJdu hmoVo. ñdV:Mr EdT>r BñQ>oQ> (_mb_Îmm) AgVmZm
gwÕm ñdV:Mm _moR>onUm Ë`m§Zr OJmnwT>o {_a{dbm Zmhr.
""_mPo Oo H$mhr Amho, Vo gd© lr~m~m§Mo Amho Am{U _r Ë`m§Mm ZmoH$a Amho,'' Ago
Ë`m§À`m ~mobÊ`mV Zoh_r `oV Ago. gX²Jéw À§ `m H$m`m©H$[aVm, Ë`m§Mm Jm¡ad, _{h_m OJmV
nga{dÊ`mH$[aVm lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnbm Xoh {POdbm. JwégodM o m AmXe© OJmnwTo R>do bm.
Oer lr~m~m§Mr godm _mÂ`m hmVyZ KSy> eH$br Zmhr, Ë`mMà_mUo lr_hmamOm§Mr
godm KS>Ê`mMo ^m½` _bm bm^bo Zmhr. _r OoìhmOoìhm nwÊ`mV OmV Ago, VoìhmVoìhm
_mPr ì`dñWm R>odÊ`mgmR>r Vo \$ma l_ H$arV. na§Vw Ë`m§À`m eodQ>À`m AmOmamV _r
Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>md`mg Jobo, Voìhm _bm _mÌ Ë`m§À`m AMoVZ XohmMoM Ho$di Xe©Z Pmbo.
Ë`m§Mr godm KS>br Zmhr, `mMr _bm \$ma I§V dmQ>Vo.''
(lr_Vr {Z_©bmVmB© ZriH§$R> Iao, dYm©)

Jwdm©koMr H$m`©dmhr / 201

 lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamMr C^maUr
ßbm°Q> ^mS>onQ²>Q>çmZo KoVë`mZ§Va lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr PnmQ>çmZo H$m_mbm
gwédmV Ho$br. ßbm°Q>Mr O_rZ C§MgIb hmoVr, {VÀ`mV ^amd KmbyZ Vr g_nmVirV
Ho$br. doJdoJù`m O{_ZrÀ`m nmVità_mUo ^amdmbm AmYma XoÊ`m`mo½` Aem q^Vr
~m§Yë`m. gwédmVrbm g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m eoOmar EH$ 12'•15' Mr PmonS>r ~m§YyZ
{VÀ`mVM lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO amhÿ bmJbo. na§Vw Hw$Ur AmboJb o o _Zwî` {VWo CRy>~gy
eHo$b EdT>r OmJm Ë`m PmonS>rV hmoUo eŠ` ZìhVo. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr CËgdmgmR>r
`oUmè`m ^ŠVm§À`m {ZdmgmMr gmo` hmoD$ eHo$b Aer B_maV ~m§Ymd`mMo R>a{dbo.
gZ 1958 _Ü`o lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m bJVMm ßbm°Q> Z§.
321 gr hm lr.I§S>ao md dmK `m§À`mH$Sy>Z ñdV:À`m Zmdo IaoXr Ho$bm Am{U Ë`mVrb
30'•91' EdT>r O_rZ gm¡.{Z_©bmVmBªZm ~jrgnÌ H$ê$Z {Xbr. Ë`mÀ`m nwT>À`m dfu
(gZ 1959) _Ü`o S>oŠH$Z EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>rÀ`m _mbH$sMm g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m
nydH} $S>rb bJVMm 130'•15' joÌ\$imMm ßbm°Q> IaoXr Ho$bm d Vmo gwÕm ~jrgnÌmÝd`o
gm¡.{Z_©bmVmB© `m§À`m Zmdo Ho$bm. S>Šo H$Z EÁ`wH$o eZ gmogm`Q>rH$Sy>Z KoVboë`m O{_Zr_wio
lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{Xamg àX{jUoMm _mJ© nwago m àeñV amIVm `oUo eŠ` Pmbo. `m
XmoÝhr O{_Zr gm¡.{Z_©bmVmBªZm ~jrgnÌ H$ê$Z {Xë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m _mbH$sMm _yi
ßbm°Q> d hr dmT>rd O_rZ Agm EH$g§Y ^yIS§ > V`ma Pmbm. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m
{ZîH$nQ> Am{U Am¡Xm`©nyU© dmJUwH$sMo ho ÚmoVH$ hmoVo. ~jrgnÌmMr H$mJXnÌogwÕm
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr a{OñQ>S>© H$adyZ KoVbr.
`mÀ`mnydu gw_mao EH$ df© lr.I§S>ao md dmK `m§Zr Amnbm Z§. 321 ~r hm ßbm°Q>
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm {dH$V XoÊ`mMm, Vm|S>r H$ama Ho$bm hmoVm. Ë`mMr qH$_V é.
11,000/- R>abr hmoVr. hm ì`dhma nwT>o 1978 gmbr H$mJXnÌ H$aÊ`mV `oD$Z nyU©
Pmbm Am{U Vmo ßbm°Q> lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr{dÇ>bamd Omoer M°[aQ>rO² Q´>ñQ>À`m
Zmdo Ho$bm. gZ 1959 _Ü`o `m gd© ßbm°Q>²g_Ü`o ^amd KmbÊ`mMo, VmaoMo H§$nmD§$S>
~m§YÊ`mMo H$m_ nyU© Pmbo.
^ŠVm§gmR>r {ZdmgñWmZ ~m§YÊ`mg 1958 gmbr àma§^ Pmbm. lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zr ñdV:À`m àm°{_gar ZmoQ>m XoD$Z lr. a_oe ~bgoH$a, _wJdo, dmUr BË`mXr
Amnë`m ^ŠVm§H$Sy>Z ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r H$Om©D$ aH$_m Cä`m Ho$ë`m. ñdV:Odi Agbobm
gd© n¡gm AJmoXaM dmnê$Z Pmbm hmoVm. ^ŠVm§Zr d AZw`m`m§Zr `m ~m§YH$m_mg Cn`moJr
nS>mdo `m hoVyZo, lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mm gËH$ma H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm H$mhr _moR>çm aH$_oMr

202 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

W¡br An©U H$amdr Ago R>a{dbo. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr ñdV:À`m ñd^mdmg _waS>
KmbyZ, lr~m~m§À`m H$m`m©g gmhmæ`^yV hmoUmam hm àñVmd Amho, VgoM ^ŠVm§À`m
_ZmV Amnë`m{df`r Agboë`m nyÁ` ^mdZoMm AmXa Ho$bm nm{hOo, `m {dMmamZo, `m
Jmoï>rg _mÝ`Vm Xe©{dbr. dmñV{dH$ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm A§V:H$aUmVyZ `m Jmoï>rMo
{H$Vr Šboe Pmbo AgVrb `mMr H$ënZm, Oo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm OdiyZ
OmUV hmoV,o Ë`m§ZmM `oD$ eHo$b. dmñVyMm IM© àM§S> hmoVm. Ë`m_mZmZo ^ŠV_§S>ir
à`ËZ H$ê$ZgwÕm, {deof aŠH$_ Jmoim H$ê$ eH$br ZmhrV. B_maVrÀ`m Vi_Oë`mMo
~m§YH$m_ nyU© Pmbo Am{U bJoMM Ë`mda JƒrMo ~m§YH$m_ ìhmd`mMo hmoV.o Vo Wm§~dyZ
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr dmñVwem§V {dYr H$aÊ`mMo R>a{dbo.
Á`oð> dÚ 6 eH$ 1881, {dH$mar Zm_ g§dËgamV, ewH$« dma {X. 26 OyZ 1959
amoOr do._y.bú_U {d. gào JwéOr `m§À`m nm¡amo{hË`mImbr, lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr
{ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m B_maVrMr dmñVwem§Vr Ho$br. Ë`m {XdgmMr {VWr dma VmarI BË`mXr
Zm|Xrgh B_maVrÀ`m ZmdmMr ""lrdmgwXdo mZ§Xgañd{V {Zdmg'' Aer Ajao H$moabobr
g§J_adar \$aer, B_maVrÀ`m Xe©Zr q^Vrda ~g{dÊ`mV Ambr. dmñVwem§VrÀ`m
g_ma§^mgmR>r nwîH$i ^ŠV_§S>ir O_bobr hmoVr. Ë`m amÌr lr.nm§S>waJ§ amd _a~ùir
`m§Zm lr~m~m§Zr Ñï>mÝVmÛmam Ago gm§{JVbo H$s {ZdmgñWmZmÀ`m B_maVrg gÜ`m Jƒr
`mo{Oboë`m OmJr, AmUIr EH$ _Obm ~m§YZy nyU© H$amdm Am{U Ë`mda Jƒr ~m§Ybr
Omdr. Xwgao {Xder Ë`m§Zr lr~m~m§Mr hr Amkm lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm {d{XV Ho$br.
Voìhm lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr jU^a {dMma Ho$bm d åhUmbo, ""R>rH$ Amho. lr~m~m§Zr
Amkm Ho$br Amho Voìhm {VMr A§_b~OmdUr Amnë`mH$adr VoM H$ê$Z KoVrb Am{U
Ë`m§Mo H$m`© VoM nyU©Ëdmg ZoVrb.''
XmoZ _{hÝ`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr hmoVr. Ë`m amÌr lr~m~m§À`m {Z`m©U-H$mb
g_`r, _Ü`amÌr ~mam dmOyZ AÇ>mdrg {_{ZQ>mZ§ r, lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mr
AmaVr Ho$br d gd© ^ŠVm§Zm gm§{JVbo H$s AmVm `mnwT>o nwÊ`{VWr CËgd bhmZ à_mUmda
H$ê$Z H$m{V©H$ nm¡{U©_m ({Ìnwar nm¡{U©_m), lr~m~m§Mr OÝ_{VWr `m {Xder, O`§Vr
CËgd _moR>çm à_mUmda gmOam H$amd`mMm. VmonmdoVmo nwÊ`{VWr CËgdM _moR>m hmoV
Ago. Aem arVrZo VoìhmnmgyZ lr~m~m§Mm O`§Vr CËgd hm g_m{Y_§{XamV gdmªV _hÎdmMm
Am{U à_wI CËgd åhUyZ _moR>çm à_mUmda gmOam hmoD$ bmJbm.
gZ 1959 À`m Zmoìh|~a _{hÝ`mV lr_hmamOm§À`m ^ŠVm§Zr, AZw`m`r {eî`_§S>itZr
dJ©Ur Jmoim H$ê$Z é. 59,999/- Mr W¡br lr_hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§Mm gËH$ma Am`mo{OV

Jwdm©koMr H$m`©dmhr / 203

H$ê$Z, Ë`m àg§Jr An©U Ho$br. {ZdmgñWmZmMm daMm _Obm Jƒr, {VÀ`mdarb
nmÊ`mÀ`m Q>mŠ`m BË`mXr gd© ~m§YyZ nyU© Pmbo. `m gd© ~m§YH$m_mMm IM© àM§S> Pmbm
hmoVm. Ë`m_mZmZo ^ŠVm§Zr An©U Ho$boë`m W¡brMr aŠH$_ Zm__mÌM åhUmdr bmJob.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr ì`mOmZo H$Om©D$ aH$_m C^mê$ZM {ZdmgñWmZ nyUË© dmg Zob.o
Ë`m H$mimV lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo ~aoM {eî`-^ŠV g_m{Y_§{XamV `oV AgV.
`m§À`mn¡H$s ~hþVoH$ gd©OU lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mr `mo½`Vm OmUyZ hmoVo. na§Vw
H$mbm§VamZo H$mhr bmoH$m§À`m _ZmV {dH$ën `oD$ bmJbo. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO H$moU
AmhoV, Ë`m§Mm g_m{Y_§{XamÛmao H$moUVo H$m`© C^o H$aÊ`mMm _mZg Amho, BË`mXr Jmoï>tMo
Ë`m§À`m Aën_Vrbm AmH$bZ hmoUo eŠ` ZìhVo. {deof åhUOo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO,
gd© H$mhr lr~m~m§À`m àoaUoZgw ma Am{U Ë`m§À`m AmkoZM o qH$~hþZm Vo ñdV:M gd©
H$mhr lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m Xohm_Ü`o à{dï> hmoD$Z H$arV AmhoV, `m Jmoï>r _mÝ`
H$aÊ`mg `m _§S>itZm Ë`m§Mm ñdV:Mm Ah§H$ma AmS>H$mR>r H$arV hmoVm. Ë`mM~amo~a
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m H$mhr Jwé~§YÀ§y `m _ZmV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§~Ôb Agy`M o r
^mdZm _yi Yê$ bmJbr. Jwé~§Yy åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm `mo½` Vmo AmXagËH$ma ìhmdm `mH$[aVm
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Zoh_rM Xj AgV, na§Vw lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§er Amnbo ZmVo
ho, Jwé~§YyMo åhUOo ~amo~arMo Amho Ago Xe©{dÊ`mH$S>o Ë`m§Mr àd¥Îmr dmTy> bmJbr.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm ì`pŠVe: `m_Ü`o H$mhr A{Zï> dmQ>V ZìhVo, na§Vw `m _§S>itMr
dmJUyH$ hr Ë`m§À`m ñdV:~ÔbÀ`m `m J¡ag_Om_wi,o lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmbm hm{ZH$maH$
R>aUma Ago Ooìhm {XgyZ `oD$ bmJbo Voìhm _mÌ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm H$R>mao eãXmV
Ë`m§Mr H$mZCKS>Ur H$aUo An[ahm`© R>abo. Ë`m§Zr Vgo H$aVmM hr gd© _§S>ir EH$X_
{~Wabr Am{U Ë`m§Zr lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm {damoY H$aÊ`mMm nm{dÌm KoVbm.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m _ZmV lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmMm _{h_m gd©VmonarZo dmT>{dÊ`mÀ`m
bmoH$godÀo `m Y_©ajUmÀ`m Á`m AZoH$ `moOZm nydunmgyZ AmIyZ V`ma hmoË`m, Aem
nÕVrZo Hw$Ur AmS>do `oD$ nmhmV Ago, Va Vo lr{XJ§a~Xmg _hmamOm§Zm H$Xm{n _mÝ`
hmoUma ZìhVo. Ë`m§Zr àW_ gm¡å` ñnï> eãXm§V `m Jmoï>rMr OmUrd `m _§S>itZm {Xbr
nU Ë`m§À`m Ñï>rda Ah§H$ma Am{U AkmZ `m XmoZ Jmoï>tMr PmnS>§ BVH$s nŠH$s ~m§Ybobr
hmoVr H$s Ë`m§Zm lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m eãXm§VZy H$mhrM ~moY Pmbm Zmhr. _J
_mÌ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr `m _§S>itZm gai ~mhoaMm añVm XmI{dbm. lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Zr XyaÑï>r dmnê$Z lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m ì`dñWogmR>r, Oo brO hmoëS>a
åhUyZ ñdV:bm H$m`Xoera A{YH$ma àmßV H$ê$Z KoVbo hmoV,o Vo Aem VèhoZo gwédmVrÀ`m

204 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

H$mhr dfmªVM Cn`wŠV R>abo.
ñWmZmVyZ ñdV:À`m H$a§Q>no Um_wio ~mhoa nS>mdo bmJob ho Z C_Oë`m_wio Vr _§S>ir
A{YH$M Baog nS>br Am{U lr_hmamOm§Zm Ìmg XoÊ`mMm H$mhrVar {~ZVmoS> _mJ©
emoYÊ`mÀ`m _mJo bmJbr.
gZ 1961 _Ü`o lr.Eg.Ama.Am§~Ho $a d Ë`m§Mo gmWrXma lr. à^mH$a Omoer, _mYd
{MVio Am{U dg§V \$S>H$o `m§Zr lr~m~m§Mo g_m{YñWmZ ho gmd©O{ZH$ XodñWmZ R>a{dbo
Omdo Agm H$moQ>mV© Xmdm Ho$bm. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm `m Xmì`mV _w»` à{VdmXr
H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoV.o lr~m~m§À`m EH$_od dmag Am{U ñWmZmÀ`m _mbH$ gm¡.{Z_©bmVmB©
ZrbH§$R> Iao `m§Zm Xmì`mV Xwæ`_ à{VdmXr H$aÊ`mV Ambo. VËH$mbrZ A{gñQ>Q§ > M°[aQ>r
H${_eZa lr.hþnarH$a `m§À`mnwT>o `m Xmì`mMo H$m_H$mO Mmbbo hmoV.o lr.Am§~Ho $a Am{U
_§S>itÀ`m Xmì`mV VÏ` ZìhVoM na§Vw lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm `oZHo$Z àH$maoU Ìmg
XoÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m KmUoaS>çm d¥Îmr_wi,o ZmZm IQ>nQ>r H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr gw_mao gmS>Vo rZ df} Ho$g
Mmb{dbr. ""ImoQ>çmÀ`m H$nmir JmoQ>m'' `m åhUrà_mUo Ë`m§Mo gd© CnX²>ì`mn {Zî\$i
R>ê$Z lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m ~mOyZo {ZU©` bmJbm. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO ho H$m`Xoera
brOhmoëS>a AgyZ g_m{Y_§{XamMr _mbH$s gm¡.{Z_©bmVmBªH$S>o Amho, `mda A{gñQ>Q§ > M°[aQ>r
H${_eZam§Zr {eŠH$m_moV~© Ho$bo. lr.Am§~Ho $a Am{U Ë`m§Zm gmW XoUmè`m, lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§À`m {damoYH$m§Mr Vm|S>o {ZameoZo H$mir {R>ŠH$a nS>br. lr.Am§~Ho $a ho Xmdm H$aÊ`mnydu
gw_mao ghm _{hZo, g_m{Y_§{XamVM amhmV hmoV.o Imëë`mKaMo dmgo _moOÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m
`m H¥$VrÀ`m n[aUm_r Ë`m§Mr nyU© dmVmhV Pmbr. gd© BñQ>Qo > gmdH$mam§Zr Vmã`mV KoÊ`mMm
àg§J AmoT>dZy ñdV: ZmXma Pmbo. `m Ë`m§À`m H¥$V¿Z H$V©~Jmar_wiM o amhmd`mg Ka Zmhr
Ago {Xdg Ë`m§À`mda Ambo.
`m àH$aUmda VoìhmM H$moQ>m©À`m {ZU©`m_wio nS>Xm nS>bm hmoVm. na§Vw nwÝhm gZ
1980-81 gmbr J§JmYa à^mH$a Omoer d nm§Sw>a§J JUoe JmoJQ>o `m lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§À`m {damoYH$m§Zr nwÝhm EH$Xm hm dmX CH$ê$Z H$mT>bm. Ë`m§Zm {dîUy {MniyUH$a
dJ¡ao lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m H¥$V¿Z {eî`m§Mr gmW {_imbr. nU nyduÀ`m
_§S>ir§à_mUo `m§À`mhr nXamV Zm_wîH$sM nS>br. E{àb 1994 _Ü`o {Oëhm Ý`m`mb`mZo
lr~m~m§Mo ñWmZ g§nUy V© `m ImOJr _mbH$sMo Agë`mMm ñnï> d {Z{d©dmX {ZU©` {Xbm
d Ë`m {ZU©`mVM, ""`mnwT>o `m {df`mV Hw$R>bmhr Xmdm XmIb H$aVm `oUma Zmhr''
Aer VaVyXgwÕm H$ê$Z R>odbr. Ë`m_wio `m {damoYH$m§Mo H§$~aS>o gm\$ _moS>bo.
***

Jwdm©koMr H$m`©dmhr / 205

 lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr {eH$dU
{Zah§H$mar hmoD$Z eaU `oUmè`m Ordmbm, Ë`mMm OoUoH$ê$Z CÕma hmoB©b Ago
_mJ©Xe©Z lr~m~m H$arV AgV. Á`m CnmgZoÀ`m`moJo g§gmagmJa nma H$ê$Z OmVm
`oBb
© d Ë`m Ordmbmhr Vr nobb o Aer CnmgZmM Vo gm§JV AgV. na§Vw H$YrH$Yr
Ë`m§À`mH$S>o `oUmè`m _§S>it_Ü`o H$moUr Xm§{^H$, XwamMmar, XwOZ© Agë`mg Ë`mbm CÔoeZy
""{ZgQ>m, {ZgQ>m nmhÿ `oWyZ ! {H$Vr {Xdgm§Mr KmU gmMyZ am{hbr Amho Hw$Umg R>mD$H$
? _bm \$ma Ìmg hmoVmo`. Vw_À`m_wio BWo XwJªYr gwQ>br` !'' Ago åhUyZ Ë`mbm
VmËH$mi dmQ>b o m bmdrV. Amboë`m _Zwî`mÀ`m ^mdmMr Vo nmaI H$arV AgV. Ë`m
ì`ŠVrMm nma_m{W©H$ XOm© H$m` Amho `mMm {dMma H$ê$Z Vo Ë`mbm CnmgZm gm§JV
AgV. lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z ghOmghOr Amnë`m BÀN>ào _mUo H¥$nmàgmX {_i{dUo Hw$UmbmM
eŠ` Zgo. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§H$Sy>Z Ë`m§Zm gd©loð> Agm ñdê$n g§àXm` bm^bm hmoVm.
AmË_ñdê$nmMo gVV Ü`mZ H$aUo hm Á`mMm Jm^m Amho Agm hm Wmoa g§àXm`,
lr~m~m§H$Sy>Z EImÚmM {daù`m gmYH$mbm, na_mWm©Vrb A{YH$mar ì`ŠVtZm àmßV
Pmbm Agë`mMo AmT>iVo.
lr~m~m§H$S>o ZdrZ _Zwî` àW_M Ambm H$s Vo ñdV:Odi Agbobr EH$ \w$bñHo$n
MmonS>r H$mT>rV. {VÀ`mV Ë`m _mUgmMo Zmd, Jmd, nÎmm, JmoÌ, ì`dgm` B. _m{hVr
Ë`m ì`ŠVrbm {dMmê$Z {bhÿZ R>do rV. EImXr Jmoï> {deofH$ê$Z Ë`mMo _yi Jmd, nydO © m§Mr
Zmdo B. Ë`m ì`ŠVrbm _mhrV Zgob Va lr~m~m Vr A§Vkm©ZmZo OmUyZ Ë`mbm gm§JV
AgV d Z§Va Ë`mÀ`m hmVmda H$mhr Zm H$mhr Var àgmX XoD$Z Ë`mbm lr~m~m naV
nmR>drV AgV.
EH$Xm EH$ ^ŠV lr~m~m§Zm gm§Jy bmJbm H$s, ""ì`§H$Q>e o ñVmoÌmV AZwð>mZmH$[aVm
_Ü`amÌrMm g_` Mm§Jbm Ago åhQ>bo Amho Var Amnë`m _Vo CnmgZobm `mo½` doir
H$moUVr ?'' lr~m~m åhUmbo Aä`mg Zoh_rM H$amdm nU gdmªV _hÎdmMr doi åhUOo
OodUmnyduMm AYm© Vmg, _Ü`amÌ Zìho ! Ë`mMà_mUo gy`q© ~~ CJdVmZm d _mdiVmZm
Ë`m§Mo Xe©Z ¿`mdo. _mÌ Vo Vm§~yg a§JmMo AgVo Vmon`ªV KoUo Bï>. M§ÐmMogwÕm `mMàH$mao
Xe©Z ¿`mdo.
lr~m~m _hmamO Hw$Umbm "ñdñW ~gm' Ago gm§JV Va Hw$Umbm "Vmè`m§H$S>o nmhmV
amhm' Ago gm§JV AgV. EImXm {d{eï> Vmam dm ZjÌ IyU åhUyZ _ZmV Yê$Z nmhmV

206 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

amhmdo, AmMma {dMma Am{U Cƒma `m§_Ü`o EH$dmŠ`Vm R>do mdr, Xohm{df`r CXmg
Agmdo. Amhma-{dhma gmpÎdH$ Agmdm. Ë`mbm aOmoJU w d V_moJUw mMm ñne© XoD$ Z`o.
amhmUr gmYr Agmdr. M¡Z-N>mZN>mHo $sMr amhmUr na_mWm©bm ~mYH$ Amho. ^moOZmnydu
AYm© Vmg ñdñW ~gmdo Am{U Aä`mg H$amdm. lr~m~m§Zr "ñdñW' eãX [aH$m_Q>Ho $S>o
`m AWm©Zo `oWo dmnabm ZgyZ ""ñdñdê$nmÀ`m {R>H$mUr pñWa hmoD$Z amhmUo'' Agm
Ë`mMm AW© Amho. ~mobUo, MmbUo n[a{_V, _`m©{XV Agmdo. Amnbm gd© ì`dhmaM
_`m©{XV Agbm nm{hOo. lr~m~m `m gd© Jmoï>r ^ŠVm§Zm-{eî`m§Zm _m¡ZËdmZo dm
doJdoJù`m A{^àm`mZo {eH$drV AgV.
lr~m~m Zoh_r åhUV, ""eoVr H$am, ~mJ H$am, \w$bPmS>o bmdm !'' _Zwî`mZo _ZmMr
_emJV H$ê$Z, Ë`mV g{ÛMmam§Mo ~rO éOdmdo, CnmgZm ÑT> Mmbdmdr, AmË_moÞVr
H$ê$Z ¿`mdr. hm AW© Ë`m§Zm A{^àoV Agmd`mMm. Vo ^ŠVm§Zm åhUV ""{ZË` Aä`mg
Ho$bm nm{hOo.'' ""ñdV: H$moU AmhmoV Vo AmoiIm, åhUOo Vw_Mo H$m_ Pmbo,'' Agohr
lr~m~m åhUV AgV.
AmnU ñdV: H$gm Aä`mg Ho$bm ho XoIrb Vo ^ŠVm§Zm gm§JV AgV. Aä`mgmgmR>r
gVV OmJ¥Vr amIbr nm{hOo d Vr OmJ¥Vr {Q>H$y Z amhmÊ`mgmR>r Vo JmXr ngê$Z JmXrÀ`m
Q>moH$mbm ~gV. eo§S>rbm Xmoar ~m§YyZ XmoarMo Xwgao Q>moH$ Iw§Q>rbm ~m§YyZ R>odrV AgV.
Ago Ho$bo åhUOo Pmon `oD$ bmJbr H$s e|S>rbm {hgH$m ~gyZ Or doXZm {Z_m©U hmoBb ©
{VÀ`m_wio Pmon CSy>Z OmB©. Aem VèhoZo lr~m~m AI§S> Aä`mg H$arV AgV. H$moUm
^ŠVmZo "Aä`mg H$mQ>Ho $moanUo hmoV Zmhr. {ZÐm Am{U {dMma _Zmbm ^aH$Q>V ZoVmV'
Aer VH«$ma Ho$br AgVm lr~m~m Ë`mbm åhUmbo, ""{XdgmVyZ Mma Vmg Pmon nwae o r
Amho. Á`mMm Aä`mg Ë`mZoM Ho$bm nm{hOo. Vwåhr Aä`mg H$am åhUOo Amåhr Vwåhmbm
nwT>o ZoD$. Am_À`mOdi Oo Amho Vo Vw_À`mgmR>rM Amho. nU Ë`mgmR>r Hw$Umbm à`ËZ
dm H$ï> _mÌ H$am`bm ZH$mo. Á`mbm Ë`mbm gd© H$mhr Am`Vo {_im`bm hdo. Aem
àH$maMr n¡ XoD$Z én`m H$mT>Ê`mMr d¥Îmr Amåhmbm _mÝ` Zmhr.''
lr~m~m§H$S>o EH$Xm H$moUr g§ñWm{ZH$ KamÊ`mn¡H$s \$ma lr_§V ~mB© d {VMm _wbJm
Xe©ZmgmR>r Ambo hmoV.o Ë`m ~mBªZr lr~m~m§À`m nm`mbm, JwS>¿`mbm, _ñVH$mbm ñne©
H$ê$Z Ë`m§À`m nm`mer e§^a én`m§Mr ZmoQ> R>do br. Ë`m~amo~o a lr~m~m Oo EH$X_ JaObo,
""Om ao, AmÎmmÀ`m AmÎmm Q>m§Jm KoD$Z `o.'' Ë`m ^ŠVmbm AmVyZ ~mhoa ImobrV `md`mg
Oamgm doi bmJVmM nwÝhm amJmZo åhUmbo, ""hmVmVbo H$m_ Vm~S>Vmo~ ~mOybm R>do m
Am{U àW_ AmÎmmÀ`m AmÎmm Q>mJ§ m KoD$Z `m ~Ky !'' Ë`mZo YmdV niV OmD$Z Q>mJ§ m

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr {eH$dU / 207

AmUbm. Ë`m ~mBªMr lr~m~m§Zr Ë`m Q>m§½`mVyZ VmVS>rZo admZJr Ho$br. Ë`m ~mB© ~mhoa
nS>VmjUrM lr~m~m nydd© V² em§V Pmbo d ~mH$sÀ`m§Zm åhUmbo, ""Vwåhr ~gm. _bm
nmoemIr g§àXm`mVrb _§S>ir BWo `md`mg ZH$mo AmhoV.''
EImXr ZH$mo Agbobr ì`ŠVr Xe©Zmbm Ambr åhUOo Vo åhUV, ""_mÂ`m nmoQ>mV
\$ma XwIVo`. _r em¡Mmbm OmD$Z `oVmo'' d Vr ì`ŠVr H§$Q>miyZ CR>Zy OmB©n`ªV naV `oV
ZgV.
EH$m ^ŠVmZo lr~m~m§Zm ""Amåhmbm Amnë`mgmaIo H$am'' Aer {dZ§Vr Ho$br.
Ë`mbm lr~m~m åhUmbo, ""Am_À`mgmaIo Vwåhmbm H$embm ìhm`bm nm{hOo Amho ?
Am_Mo H$m` Mm§Jbo Pmbo Amho ? ~m`H$mo AÞmdmMyZ _obr, _wbrMr ÌoYm Pmbr. JwéZ§ r
_bm _mUgm§VZy CR>dbo ! ho H$m` Mm§Jbo Amho ? ZrQ> {dMma H$am ^bVrM Jmoï> _mJy
ZH$m. gËnwéf hmoUo _hmXwK©Q>, H$R>rU Amho.''
Ë`m§Mo M[aÌ {bhmdo Ago EH$mÀ`m _ZmV Ambo. lr~m~m§Odi Ë`mZo hm {df`
H$mT>VmM Vo åhUmbo, ""_mPo M[aÌ {bhÿZ Vwåhr H$m` H$aUma ? _mPm A§V H$moUmbm
bmJUma Zmhr. gX²Jéw M § ,o lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo M[aÌgwÕm Vo g_m{YñW Pmë`mdaM
N>mnbo Job.o gX²Jéw Z§ r Amåhmbm {ZamH$mamV Q>mHy$Z {Xbo. Iam gX²Jéw M Amnë`m {eî`mbm
{ZamH$mamVyZ naV AmUVmo. Á`m§À`mH$[aVm Amåhmbm naV AmUbo Ë`mbm ^oQ>ë`mZo
gmW©H$ dmQ>bo.''
***

~moYdMZo
* Aä`mgmV EImXr Oar MyH$ Pmbr Var gd© Aä`mg n{hë`mnmgyZ
H$amdm bmJVmo.
* dma§dma AmH$memH$S>o Ñï>r bmdyZ ~Km Ë`mMm A§V bmJUma Zmhr.
JwéH¥$noMg
o Õ
w m VgoM Amho.
* Vw_Mm gd© ^ma _mÂ`mda Q>mH$m. _r Vmo hbH$m H$arZ. _r
Vwåhmbm nËH$abo Amho, Voìhm Vw_Mo AmoPo AmVm _mÂ`m Im§Úmda
Amho.
* _mgm Jimbm bmJbm Amho, Xwgè`mMo ^j hmoUma Zmhr.
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

208 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zr CnXo{ebobr {XZM`m©
lr~m~m§Zr _Zwî`mMr gd©gmYmaU {XZM`m© H$er Agmdr, Ë`mbm ^dgmJa nma
CVaÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` _mJ© H$moUVm `m{df`r Omo CnXoe Ho$bm Amho Vmo Agm Amho.
""~«m÷_whV©ÿ mda åhUOo nhmQ>o 4Ÿ&&-5 dmOVm CRy>Z, A§WéUmda H$mhr H$mi ñdñW
~gyZ ñdV:À`m VihmVmMo Xe©Z ¿`mdo. "H$amJ«o dgVo bú_r....' Ë`mMà_mUo "g_wÐdgZo
Xo{d.....' AmXr àmV:ñ_aUmMo ûcmoH$ åhUyZ ^y_rbm d§XZ H$amdo. g§V-gËnwéfm§Mo
ñ_aU H$amdo, d{gð>, ZmaXmXr ~«÷fu, OZH$ amOm, Zi, `w{Y{ð>amXr amOfu `m gdmªZm
d§XZ H$amdo. ÛmXe Á`mo{V{bªJ,o Aï>{dZm`H$, gßV_mojXm{`Ý`m (A`moÜ`m, _Wwam....
B.), n§MH$Ý`m VgoM lram_H¥$îUm{XH$ AdVmam§Mo lÕoZo ñ_aU H$ê$Z, Ë`m gdmªZm
d§XZ H$amdo.
^md ewÕ H$aUo d Vmo gd©H$mi ^Jd§VmÀ`m MaUr amIUo ho gdmªV _hÎdmMo.
`mH$[aVm Á`m§Mo ñ_aU nwÊ`àX Amho Aem gßVgmJam§M,o gáZÚm§Mo ñ_aU àmV:H$mbr
H$amdo.
Ë`mZ§Va A§WéUmVyZ CRy>Z em¡M-_wI_mO©Z, X§VYmdZ (XmV KmgUo) AmXr àmV{d©Yr
AmQ>mno Zy hmVnm` YwdZy earaewÕr H$amdr. Ë`mZ§Va XodKamV `oD$Z Hw$bX¡dV Am{U
Hw$bñdm{_Zr `m§Zm d§XZ H$ê$Z, ñdV:À`m Cnmñ` XodVobm gd©^mdmZo eaU Omdo.
àmV:g_`r ^ynmù`m, H$mH$S> AmaVr åhUmdr, ZmZm ñVmoÌm§Mo nR>U H$ê$Z, ewÕ Ob
KoD$Z ñZmZ H$amdo. Aem àH$mao ew{M^y©V Pmë`mZ§Va, ñdÀN>, ZyVZ dóo n[aYmZ
H$amdr. H$nmir Hw§$Hw$_{VbH$ YmaU H$amdm. Ë`mZ§Va XodnyOm H$amdr, {ZXmZ _mZgnyOm
Var H$amdr. Ë`mZ§Va lr_hm{dîUyZ§ m àmW©ZmnydH© $ Amnbr gd© H$_} g_nm©dr.
Ë`mZ§Va H$mhr H$mi Zm_ñ_aU H$amdo. ewÕ{MÎmmZo lram_M§Ðm§Mo Ü`mZ H$amdo,
hZw_V§ mbm eaU Omdo. ñVmoÌmXr Jm`ZoH$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm Vmofdmdo. Amnë`m Cnmñ` X¡dVmMo
ewÕ ^pŠV^mdmZo Ü`mZ H$amdo. `mZ§Va Amnbm CÚmoJ-ì`dgm`, AÝ` H$m_H$mO,
CnOr{dH$m H$_©, Oo H$mhr Agob Vo XjVoZo Am{U _Z bmdyZ H$arV Omdo.
H$m_ nyU© Pmë`mda nwÝhm EH$dma ^Jd§VmMo ñ_aU H$amdo. Ë`mZ§Va ^moOZ H$ê$Z
WmoS>r {dlm§Vr ¿`mdr. nwÝhm CRyZ B©œamMo ñ_aU H$ê$Z Amnë`m CÚmoJmbm, H$m`m©bm
àma§^ H$amdm. ñdmË_{hV åhUOo, ñdV:Mo H$ë`mU IamoIa H$moUË`m Jmoï>r_Ü`o Amho,
`m{df`r gd©H$mi OmJ¥V amhmdo.

lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zr CnXo{ebobr {XZM`m© / 209

 gm`§H$mi hmoVmM hmVnm` YwdZy ew{M^yV© ìhmdo. Xodmg_moa g_B©-{Zam§OZ bmdyZ
XrnÁ`moVrbm d§XZ H$amdo. Ë`m_wio Amnë`m AmËå`mMr CÞVr hmoVo. WmoS>m doi
EH$m§VñWmZr ~gyZ lrharMo Zm_ñ_aU H$amdo. {MÎm EH$mJ« H$ê$Z B©œamMo Ü`mZ H$amdo.
AmgZewÕr gmYmdr åhUOo EH$m OmJr pñWa AmgZ KmbyZ ~gÊ`mMm Aä`mg dmT>dmdm.
AmhmaewÕr åhUOo AmhmamVrb {d{dY nXmWmªM,o KQ>H$m§Mo gmpÎdH$, amOg Am{U
Vm_g ho JwU {dMmamV KoD$Z, AmhmamVyZ Vm_g JwUmMo AÞ dÁ`© H$amdo. amOg JwUmMo
nXmW© hiyhiy H$_r H$arV Omdo Am{U Amhma OmñVrV OmñV gmpÎdH$ JwUm§Zr `wŠV
Agm amImdm. Ago Ho$ë`m_wio {MÎmmbm ñW¡`© àmßV hmoD$Z nma_m{W©H$ CÞVr KSy>Z `oVo.
gX²JW§« mMo (kmZoœar, Xmg~moY, am_m`U B.) dmMZ H$amdo. Ë`m§À`m AWm©Mo _ZZ
H$amdo. Aem àH$mao AmMaU Ho$bo AgVm _Zmbm em§Vr àmßV hmoBb © . ñdV:À`m R>m`rM
gX¡d AgUmam Omo {ZOmZ§X, Vmo OmJ¥V H$gm amhrb `mMm {dMma gVV _ZmV ~miJyZ
AmË_{hV gmYmdo. OoUHo $ê$Z ^Jd§VmMm {d`moJ hmoUma Zmhr, AZwgY§ mZ ^§J nmdUma
Zmhr Aer {XZM`m© amImdr.
ñdì`dhmar Xj amhÿZ, Amnbm CÚmoJ åhUOoM na_oœa hr ^mdZm amImdr. gX¡d
gmdYnUo na_mW© H$amdm OoUHo $ê$Z AmË_{hV gmYbo OmB©b.
gX¡d _aUmMo ñ_aU amImdo. Zm_ñ_aU AI§S> H$arV amhmdo. dmUrbm harMo JwU
CÀM>maÊ`mMm N>§X bmdmdm. H$mZm§Zr h[aH$Wm§Mo ldU H$amdo. lrharÀ`m ñdê$nmV
a__mU ìhmdo.
ZmZm Cnm`m§Zr Xoh{dñ_¥Vr (Xoh åhUOo _r Amho hr H$ënZm Zme nmdUo) gmYmdr.
Ah§H$ma g§nyU© Zmhrgm H$amdm. {_Ï`m H$ënZm Ë`mJmdr. jUmjUmbm A§V_w©I hmoUo
gmYmdo. Ë`m `moJo Ordm-{edmMo EoŠ` KSy>Z `oVo.
Aem Aä`mgmZo OÝ__¥Ë`yÀ`m \o$è`mVyZ, Mm¡è`m§er bj `moZt_YyZ {\$aUo MwH$o b
Am{U Mmahr _wŠVt_Ü`o loð>, Aem gm`wÁ` _wŠVrMr àmßVr hmoBb © . `mH$[aVm ZmZm
à`ËZm§Zr, CnmgZm nÕVtZr ^dgmJa Vê$Z OmÊ`mH$[aVm VÎdXe©Z, ho _w»`Ëdo H$ê$Z
n«mßV H$amdo.
Aer {XZM`m© Á`mbm gmYob Vmo H${iH$mimda _mV H$arb Am{U ñdmZ§X-
gm_«mÁ`mMm ñdm_r ~Zob. \$ŠV Ë`mgmR>r _Zwî`mZo gmYZm_Ü`o Xj amhUo OéarMo
Amho.''
***

210 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lr~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa - B©œar eŠVrMo H|$Ð
lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m gX²Jwé§Zm, lr~m~m§Zm {Xbobm eãX,
""_r nwÊ`mV Amnë`mbm Ka ~m§YZy gm§^mirZ,'' hm VZ_ZYZ AmoVZy àË`jmV AmUbm.
lr~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa åhUOo ~m~m§Mo Ka Amho Am{U _r Ho$di Ë`m§Mm EH$ MmH$a
Amho Aem {Zð>Zo ,o gd© H$mhr Ë`m§À`mM MaUr An©U H$ê$Z Vo eodQ>n`ªV `m ñWmZmV
am{hbo. lr~m~m§À`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oUmè`m ^ŠV_§S>itÀ`m H$ë`mUmgmR>r, Ë`m§Zm gXwnXoe
H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mo Bhna H$ë`mU `m ñWmZm_wio gmYbo Omdo `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr Xoh VriVri
{PO{dbm. lr~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa åhUOo EH$ ñ\y${V©Xm`H$ M¡VÝ`mMm òmoV, B©œar
CnmgZoMo Abm¡{H$H$ H|$Ð ìhmdo `mgmR>r Ë`m ñWmZmV B©œar AZwîR>mZmÛmao An[a{_V
nwÊ`g§M` H$ê$Z R>odbm.
lr~m~m§À`m Vg{~arMr d nmXwH$m§Mr {ZË` fmoS>emonMmao nyOm Va hmoD$ bmJbrM;
na§Vw Ë`mÀ`m OmoS>rZo lr~m~m§À`m nmXwH$m§da JUnVr AWd©erf©, lrgyŠV, éÐ `m§Mm
amoO A{^foH$, nd_mZ d gm¡a `m§Mr EH$ Amd¥Îmr, à{V{XZ lrgßVeVr nmR>, hZw_mZH$dM
Ë`mMà_mUo lrJwéM[aÌ, lrJwébrbm_¥V, ZdZmW J«W§ `m§Mo {ZË` dmMZ ñWmZmV KSy>
bmJbo. amoO lrgyŠVmMo Am{U AWd©erfm©Mo hdZ VgoM d¡œXod {ÌgwnU© dJ¡ao
H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m`_, EH$ ~«m÷U XwnmaMm ^moOZmg AgUo R>ê$Z Job.o `m{edm` AmUIr
H$mhr ~«m÷Um§Ûmao lr~m~m§Mo ^ŠVm§H$[aVm H$mhr AZwð>mZo ~mam _{hZo hmoD$ bmJbr Vo
`mhÿZ doJioM.
{Xdg|{Xdg dmT>Ë`m CËgmhmZo Am{U Eoœ`m©Zo lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmV CËgd-gU
gmOao hmoD$ bmJbo. ^ŠVJUm§Mr g§»`m à{Vdfu dmT>V hmoVr. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
_mVoÀ`m dmËgë`mZo Amboë`m gd© ^ŠV_§S>itMr, ^moOZ-dmñVì`mXr gmo` ì`dpñWV
hmoVo H$s Zmhr Vo OmVrZo nmhmV AgV. Amnë`m {eî`-^ŠVm§Mr AmÜ`mpË_H$ CÞVr
`mo½` àH$mao hmoV amhmdr Aem hoVyZo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m CËgdmVyZ {d{dY
àH$maMo CnH«$_, CnmgZoer {ZJ{S>V Agm {XZH«$_ AmIrV AgV; Á`m `moJo gdmªZm
AmnmoAmnM lr~m~m§À`m na_ n{dÌ ñWmZmV dmñVì` H$aÊ`mnmgyZ OmñVrV OmñV
nma_m{W©H$ bm^ àmßV hmoV Ago.
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m ~mobÊ`mVyZ AZoH$dma g_m{Y_§{XamMm CëboI
""lr~m~m§Mo Ka'' Agm hmoV Ago. ""lr~m~m§À`m Kar IamIwam AmZ§X Amho'' qH$dm

lr~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa - B©œar eŠVrMo H|$Ð / 211

""lr~m~m§À`m Kar Vwåhr gd©OU Ambm AmhmV'' Ago A§V:H$aUmnmgyZ C_Q>bobo
Ë`m§Mo eãX, `m ñWmZmMo d¡{eîQ>ç Xe©drV AgV. lr~m~m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa åhUOo Ho$di
nyOmAMm© Am{U A{^foH$ KS>Umao XoD$i Zìho, Va Vo AmnUm gdmªMo ""_moR>o Ka'' qH$dm
""_yi Ka'' Amho Agm àË`` lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m AH¥${Ì_ Am{U
{Zanoj dmËgë`mV Sw>~§ VmZm ^ŠVOZm§Zm `oV Ago. g_m{Y_§{XamV Amboë`m àË`oH$mÀ`m
gwIXw:ImV Vo gh^mJr hmoV AgV. Á`m VèhoZo CËgdm§Zm gdmªZr CnpñWV amhmdo Ago
Ë`m§Zm dmQ>o; Ë`mMà_mUo {Xdmir-Xgè`mgma»`m gUmgwXrÀ`m {XdergwÕm gdmªZr
AmdOyZ© lr~m~m§À`m Kar `mdo, AmZ§X H$amdm Aer Ë`m§Zm AmoT> Ago. ho gd© gU
Jm¡ar-JUnVr BVHo$M H$m` nU dQ> nm¡{U©_oMr nyOmgwÕm g_m{Y_§{XamV Ë`m§Zr gwê$
Ho$br. `m Zm Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo gdmªZm, lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmer AVyQ> ~§Y OwiZy `mdm hr
EH$_od Vi_i Ë`m§À`m öX`mV gX¡d dmg H$arV Ago. `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm {H$Vr H$ï> ghZ
H$amdo bmJV AgV. emar[aH$, _mZ{gH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ PrO {H$Vr gmogmdr bmJV
Ago `mMr H$ënZm Vo àË`j nmhmUmè`m _§S>itZmgwÕm H$Yr `oD$ eH$br Zmhr, {VWo
`m eãXm§VZy {H$Vrer `oD$ eHo$b `m~Ôb e§H$mM Amho. VarnU lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§À`m Ë`m Abm¡{H$H$ ào_mMr, Ë`m§À`m namH$mð>oÀ`m Ë`mJmMr, CƒV_
gX²Jwé^ŠVrMr Zm|X, ^mdr {nT>çm§Zm kmV H$ê$Z XoÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo VgoM `m gd© Jmoï>r
Ë`m§À`m gX²Jéw À§ `m lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m brboMmM EH$ ^mJ AmhoV, åhUyZ `m M[aÌmV
`m§Mm g_mdoe Ho$bm Amho.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr eV, ghò d A`wVM§S>r, _Ý`ygyŠV `mJ, n§Mm`VZ
`mJ AmXr AZwð>mZo, lr_X²^mJdV nmam`U, à{Vdfu EH$ g§{hVm ñdmhmH$ma BË`mXr
ZmZm{dY, nma_m{W©H$ H$ë`mU àmßV H$adyZ XoUmao CnH«$_ lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmV KS>dyZ
AmUbo. `m gdmªMr g{dñVa Zgbr Var OwO~r _m{hVrgwÕm dmMH$m§Zm ~moYàX R>ab o .
***

~moYdMZo
* Jwé ho d{S>bm§gmaIo AgVmV.
* nwT>mar åhUdyZ KoUmao nwîH$i AmhoV, nU Á`mZo H$m_-H«$moYmXr fS²>[any
qOH$bo, VmoM XoemMm Iam nwT>mar.
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

212 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

g_m{Y_§{XamV hmoUmar {ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV Or AZwð>mZo X¡Z{§ XZ
H$m`©H«$_mV Jw§\$br AmhoV, Vr g_mOmVyZ AmO{_Vrbm n«m`: bwßV Pmë`mà_mUoM
AmhoV. Ë`m_wio EImÚmbm {Okmgm CËnÞ Pmbr Va Ë`m§Mr _m{hVr d àË`j Xe©Z
`oWoM KSy> eHo$b. lr_hmamOm§Mo ho VwåhmAmåhm§ gdmªda Wmoa CnH$maM AmhoV.
{ZË` AZwð>mZo
(1) lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamOm§Mr fmoS>emonMmao nyOm, (2) éÐ EH$mXeZr,
(3) lrJUoe AWd©erf© - EH$drg AmdV©Zo, (4) lrgyŠV - gmoim AmdV©Zo,
(5) gm¡a gyŠV - ~mam AmdV©Z,o (6) nd_mZ - EH$ Amd¥Îmr, (7) gßVeVr - EH$
nmR>, (8) lrJUoe ghg«Zm_, (9) lrJwéM[aÌ - _{hÝ`mVyZ Mma nmam`Uo,
(10) lrZdZmW ^ŠVr H$Wmgma - _{hÝ`mVyZ Mma nmam`Uo, (11) lrJwébrbm_¥V -
_{hÝ`mVyZ VrZ nmam`Uo, (12) AWd©erf© d lrgyŠVmMo hdZ, (13) F$H²$g§{hVm -
Xa_hm XmoZ nmam`Uo, (14) XeJ«W§ nmam`U - Xa M¡ÌmV d _mJ©erfm©V, (15)$ n§M_wIr
hZw_ËH$dM - amoO 11 doim.
gH$mi-g§Ü`mH$mi AmaVr, gH$mi-g§Ü`mH$mi gm_wXm{`H$ Zm_ñ_aU, d¡œXod,
~«m÷U^moOZ, XwnmaÀ`m ^moOZmnydu {ÌgwnU© nR>U, amÌm¡ n§MnXr (R>abobo A^§J,
Zm_ñ_aU-JOa, gX²JW§« mMo H«$_e: dmMZ, ñVmoÌ,§o Aï>H$| åhUUo B.)
ltMo ñWmZmV hmoUmar d«Vo
(1) lrdaXe§H$a nyOZ, (2) lrdaXbú_r nyOZ, (3) lrgË`XÎm nyOm,
(4) lrgË`{dZm`H$ nyOm, (5) lr_X² AZ§V d«V.
`m ì`{V[aŠV lmdUr, lr~m~m§Mo d lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo lmÕ d lr~m~m§Mm nj,
ZdamÌmoËgd d Ë`mVrb Aï>_rMo {Xder lrgßVeVrMo hdZ, Xrnmdbr nyd© YZÌ`moXerMo
{Xder bú_r nyOZ, Vwbgr {ddmh, M¡Ì _{hÝ`mV {ó`m§Mo hiXrHw$§ Hy$, `m gd© d«Vo
Am{U gmohù`m§À`m XmQ>rZo lr~m~m§À`m ñWmZmV H$m`_ CËgdmMoM dmVmdaU ^ê$Z
am{hbobo AgVo.

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 213

 `k`mJmXr AZwð>mZo
1956 gmbMr lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr hm lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m hñVo
KS>bb o m ltÀ`m ñWmZmVrb n{hbm à_wI CËgd. Ë`mZ§Va bJoM nwT>À`mM dfu åhUOo
gZ 1957_Ü`o ZdM§S>r nmR> d hdZ, JUnVr AWd©erfm©Mr ghòmdV©Zo d Xem§e
hdZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. 1958 gmbr eVM§S>r hdZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. gZ 1959_Ü`o
{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr nd_mZ, bKwéÐ, {dîUw`mJ, hdZmgh Ho$bm; Ë`mM~amo~a
lrJwéM[aÌ d lrJwébrbm_¥V `m§Mr XmoÝhr {_iyZ 72 nmam`Uo d VËàrË`W© 72 Xm§nË`
^moOZo KmbÊ`mV Ambr. 1960 gmbr ZdJ«h On Am{U hdZ Pmbo. 1961_Ü`o
Aï>Jh« r nrS>Ào `m H$mbI§S>mV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr gm¡agyŠV hdZ Ho$bo. 1962_Ü`o
_hm_¥Ë`wO§ ` _§ÌmMm Mma bj On d hdZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
1959 gmbmZ§Va, lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr Xhm doim
n§Mm`VZ `mJ Ho$bo. `m_Ü`o nwT>rb AZwð>mZo d hdZm§Mm g_mdoe Ago.
(1) lrJUoe AWd©erfm©Mr EH$ hOma AmdV©Zo d ghò _moXH$m§Mo hdZ,
(2) n§MgyŠV nd_mZmÀ`m EH$eo MìdoMmirg Amd¥Î`m d ~mam Amd¥Î`m§Mo hdZ,
(3) _hméÐOn d EH$m bKwéÐmMo hdZ, (4) gm¡agyŠVmÀ`m EH$eo MìdoMmirg Amd¥Î`m
d ~mam Amd¥Î`m§Mo hdZ, (5)lrgßVeVrMo ghò nmR> d e§^a nmR>mM § o hdZ.
H$mhr àg§Jr lrgyŠV ghò Amd¥Î`m§Mm On d e§^a Amd¥Î`m§Mo hdZ, lrXodr gyŠV
ghò Amd¥Î`m§Mm On d e§^a Amd¥Î`m§Mo hdZ lréÐ gyŠV ghò Amd¥Î`m§Mo hdZ
Agohr AZwð>mZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
Ë`mMà_mUo H$mhr dfu Xhm hOma lrgßVeVrMo nmR> Am{U ghò nmR>mM § o hdZ
(A`wVM§S>r) Va H$Yr ghò nmR>mM § m On d e§^a nmR>mM
§ o hdZ Aem VèhoZo (ghòM§S>r)
AZwð>mZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. EHo$ doir _hméÐmMo hdZ Ho$bo hmoV.o `m{edm` VrZ doim
lrJUoe AWd©erfm©Mr EH$ bj AmdV©Zo d EH$ bj n§MImÚ _moXH$m§Mr AmhþVr
XoD$Z hdZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo hmoV.o gZ 1982 Vo 1984 _Ü`o lr_X²^mJdVmÀ`m Xe_
ñH§$YmMo hdZ Pmbo. AZoH$ doim g§{hVm ñdmhmH$ma Pmbm.
EHo$ dfu lrAÜ`mË_ am_m`UmMo d ""lram_ O`am_ O` O` am_'' `m _§ÌmMo
hdZ d gwX§ aH$m§S>mVrb ûcmoH$m§Mo hdZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
gZ 1965 Vo 1988 `m H$mbI§S>mV lrJwéM{aÌ nmam`Uo 108 doim, lrZdZmW
J«W§ nmam`U 108 doim, lrJwébrbm_¥V J«W§ nmam`U 108 doim Am{U `m gdmªMr
àË`oH$s 108 Xm§nË` ^moOZo Aer AZwð>mZo lr_hmamOm§Zr Ho$br.
214 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm
 gZ 1965 nmgyZ à{Vdfu lram_ Zd_r, lrJwé nm¡{U©_m d lrXÎm O`§Vr `m
CËgdm§À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr XeJ«§W nmam`Uo H$aÊ`mMm Zo_ gwê$
Ho$bm. AmOhr Vmo Aì`mhVnUo MmbV Amho.
{deof _hÎdmMr Am{U AmJir Jmoï> `m gdmªVZy EH$M {XgyZ `oVo H$s `m AZwð>mZmV
I§S> Am{U H$_r à_mUmV hmoUo ho gmoS>mM, nU CbQ> à{Vnƒ§ÐboId¡ Vr à{Vdfu
dY©_mZ hmoV Agbobr {XgyZ `oVmV. OmZodmar 1992 gmbmV `m ñWmZmV Abm¡{H$H$
WmQ>mV Am{U Z ^yVmo Z ^{dî`{V Aem gw~Õ ZrQ>ZrQ>H$o nUmZo lrAemoH$H$mH$m§À`m
g_W© hñVo A{ÛVr` Agm bjM§S>r`mJ g§nÝZ Pmbm. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
`m§Mm hm g§H$ën, Ë`m§À`m _hmg_mYrZ§Va Ad¿`m VrZM dfmªV {gÕrg Jobm. øm
AZwð>mZm§_YyZ, `k`mJm§_YyZ g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m Amg_§VmbmM EImÚm Vnmo^_y rMo nm{dÍ`,
_m§Jë` Am{U na_oœamÀ`m gm{ÞÜ`mMr AZw^yVr ho JwU{deof bm^bobo ^mgVmV.
lr~m~m§Zr ""`m ñWmZmV _mÂ`m ^ŠVm§H$[aVm _r EH$ hOma df} amhUma Amho,'' `m
Ë`m§À`m ½dmhrbm AZwgê$Z gd© ^ŠV_§S>itda H¥$nmN>m`m Ho$bobr Amho, `mMr ho gd©
nmhmVmZm ImÌr nQ>V.o
g_m{Y_§{XamVrb CËgd d gU
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr g_m{Y_§{XamV EHy$U EH$ gU, àË`oH$ {XZ{deof
Ë`m§À`m, na§namJV, emóewÕ g§H$o VmZwgma gmOam H$aÊ`mMr na§nam gwê$ Ho$br.
M¡Ì ewÕ à{VnXm, Jw{T>nmS>dm hm Zddfm©Mm n{hbm {Xdg JwT>rÀ`m nyOZmZo gmOam
hmoVmo. Ë`mÀ`m Xwgè`mM {Xder lrAŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr ñdm_r g_WmªMm àH$Q>rH$aU
gmohim gmOam hmoVmo.
M¡Ì ewÕ V¥Vr`obm lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamVrb Xoìhmè`mV, M¡ÌJm¡arMr ñWmnZm hmoV.o
gmYmaUV: hZw_mZ O`§VrZ§VaÀ`m EImÚm _§Jidmar qH$dm ewH$« dmar g_m{Y_§{XamV
_m`^{JZtgmR>r hiXrHw$§ Hy$ g_ma§^ AgVmo. g_m{Y_§{XamVrb hm gmohim _moR>m {X_mIXma
AgVmo. _{hfmgwa_{X©ZrMo EH$ V¡b{MÌ d Xodrg_moa hiXrHw$§ Hy$ g_ma§^ hmoV Agë`mMm
XoImdm {M{ÌV Ho$bobo Xwgao, Aem XmoZ ^ì` V¡b{MÌm§À`m nmœ©^_y rda, _I_br Jm{bMo
A§Wê$Z bmH$S>r ~mHo$ R>do bobr AgVmV. Ë`mda hiXrHw$§ H$dmÀ`m gm_J«rMr V~Ho$
AmoirZo _m§S>yZ R>do VmV. ~¡R>H$sÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOyZ§ r am§JVo emo{^d§V PmS>mÀ§ `m Hw$§ S>çm§Mr
AmH$f©H$ _m§S>Ur Ho$bobr AgVo. g_moa gwaI o ZjrXma am§Jmoù`m, \$im§Zr ^abobr VmQ>,o
nwînJwÀN> Agm gd© WmQ> AgVmo. `oUmè`m àË`oH$ ^{JZrbm H¡$arMr S>mi>, nÝho, _moJè`mMm

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 215

gwdm{gH$ JOam, AÎma-Jwbm~nmUr, H$mH$S>r, ~Îmmgm Am{U AmB©pñH«$_ XoÊ`mMm [admO
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr \$ma nydunmgyZ gwê$ Ho$bm, Vmo AmOhr MmbV Amho.
Amboë`m àË`oH$ gwdm{gZrMr {^O{dboë`m ha^è`m§Zr AmoQ>r ^aÊ`mV `oV.o
lram_ Zd_rMm CËgd _mÜ`m• g_`r, lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO {da{MV
lram_OÝ_H$WoÀ`m dmMZmZo gmOam H$aÊ`mV `oVmo. Ë`m doir gdmªZm VrW©àgmX, {IamnV
XoÊ`mV `oV.o ^moOZàgmX hmoV AgVmo. M¡Ì nm¡{U©_m, lrhZw_V§ mMm OÝ_; `m {Xder
àmV:H$mbr ^ŠV_§S>ir g_m{Y_§{XamV O_yZ gmOam H$aVmV. M¡Ì dÚ Ì`moXer åhUOo
lrAŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr ñdm_r g_WmªMr nwÊ`{VWr. Ë`m {Xder ñWmZmV gd© ^ŠV_§S>itZm
àgmXmMo {Z_§ÌU AgVo. lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m M[aÌmMo dmMZ, ^OZ-Zm_ñ_aU Aem
{d{dY Ym{_©H$ H$m`©H$« _m§Zr hm CËgd gmOam hmoVmo.
d¡emI ewÕ V¥Vr`m, Aj` V¥Vr`m `m {Xder ~«m÷Umg, erVmonMmaXe©H$ Ago
nyUH© $§w ^XmZ, n§Im, X{jUm B. {d{YnydH© $ {Xbo OmVo. `m {XdgmnmgyZ lrZ¥qgh O`§Vrn`ªV
lr_X²^mJdV gßVmh g_m{Y_§{XamV g§nÞ hmoV AgVmo. a§JrV _mim, emo^Ào `m PmS>mÀ§ `m
Hw$§ S>çm _m§S>bëo `m, eoUmZo gwaIo gma{dbobr O_rZ, VrZ ~mOyZ§ r Xmoar ~m§YZy ~§{XñV
Ho$bobm gwemo{^V g^m_§S>n, Aer gßVmhmn«rË`W© V`mar H$aÊ`mV `oV.o emór~wdm§gmR>r
_{hanrZo `wŠV bmH$S>r ì`mgnrR>, Ë`m§À`m ~mOybm EH$m IwMuda _I_br Jm{bMm
A§Wê$Z Ë`mda lrJmonmiH¥$îUmMr hgar _mohH$ à{V_m (Vg~ra) à{V{ð>V Ho$bobr AgVo.
ì`mgnrR>mÀ`m _mJo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr _wÔm_ H$adyZ KoVboë`m XmoZ ^ì`
V¡b{MÌm§Mr nmœ©^_y r g^m_§S>nmMr emo^m dY©_mZ H$arV AgVo. EH$m {MÌmV lrewH$mMm`©
amOm nar{jVmbm lr_X²^mJdV H$Wm gm§JV AmhoV Agm XoImdm d Xwgè`mV ^JdmZ
JmonmbH¥$îUm§Zr JmodY©Z nd©V Amnë`m H$am§Jwbrda CMbyZ Yabm Amho Am{U
Ë`mÀ`mImbr C^o amhÿZ, JmoH$w idmgr, gmZWmoa, B§Xm« Zo H$monm{dï> hmoD$Z Mmb{dboë`m,
AI§S> nO©Ý`d¥ï>rÀ`m Obàb`mnmgyZ ñdV:Mo ajU H$arV AmhoV Ago Ñî` {M{ÌV
Ho$bobo Amho.
gßVmhH$mbm_Ü`o lrH¥$îU OÝ_mMm _moR>m _Zmoha gmohim emór~wdm Am{U O_bobr
^ŠV_§S>ir gmOar H$aVmV. Z¥qgh O`§VrÀ`m {Xder `m AZwð>mZmMr gm§JVm hmoD$Z
emór~wdm§Zm dóo, lr\$i d X{jUm XoD$Z g§^mdZmnydH© $ Ë`m§Mr nmR>dUr Ho$br OmVo.
Á`oð> nm¡{U©_m hr dQ> nm¡{U©_m åhUyZ gmOar H$aÊ`mV `oV.o Ë`m {Xder ñWm{ZH$
_m`^{JZtn¡H$s H$mhr gwdm{gZr g_m{Y_§{XamV dQ>dj ¥ mMo nyOZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r `oV AgVmV.
AmfmT> nm¡{U©_m hm {Xdg ì`mgnyOZmMm, Jwé nm¡{U©_m åhUyZ gd© gX²Jwé^ŠVm§À`m

216 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

H$[aVm, AË`§V n{dÌ Am{U nyÁ` Agm hm {Xdg Amho. lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV Ë`m
{Xder nwamUJ«W§ , lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO {da{MV dmL²>_` `m§Mr EH$m Mm¡aJ§ mda
Am{U Xwgè`m Mm¡aJ§ mda lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m nmXwH$m§Mr nyOm H$aÊ`mV `oV.o Ë`m {Xder
_§{XamVrb Jm^mè`mV Agboë`m lr~m~m§À`m H$mð>nmXwH$m§Zm M§XZ, Ho$ea, Aï>J§Y,
AÎma `m§Mo {dbonZ H$aÊ`mV `oV.o lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO `m{Xder àW_ ñdV:
lr~m~m§À`m nmXwH$m§Mo nyOZ, JwényOZ H$arV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va gd© ^ŠV{eî` _§S>itZm
lr~m~m§À`m nmXwH$m§Mr nwîn dmhÿZ nyOm H$amd`mg gm§JV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va ~hþVHo $ gd©
_§S>itZm Vo ñdV:Mo nyOZ H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr XoV AgV. dfm©VZy hm EH$M {Xdg Agm
Amho H$s Á`m {Xder lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Amnë`m ^ŠVm§Zm Ë`m§Mo nyOZ
H$aÊ`mg g§_Vr XoV AgV. `m CËgdmV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO gd© ^ŠVm§Zm àgmXê$nmZo
H$mhr dóo VgoM ñda{MV, na_mW©~moYna aMZm§Mm dmL²>_`rZ àgmX nwñVH$ñdê$nmV
XoV AgV. `m {Xder ^moOZmoÎma amÌr lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO àdMZ H$arV
AgV. H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV `m {Xder g_m{Y_§{XamV CnpñWV amhm`MoM Aer
AmJ«hr Vi_i ^ŠVm§À`m _ZmV OmJ¥V H$aUmam hm {Xdg, gX²Jéw À§ `m ñ_aUmMr, Xe©ZmMr
hþahÿa XmQy>Z AmUUmam, åhUyZ ^ŠVm§Zm AVrd {à` dmQ>Vmo.
lmdU _{hÝ`mV ZmJ n§M_r, gmo_dmar e§H$amg ghòZm_nyd©H$ ghò{~ëdXb
dmhUo, lrdaXe§H$a d«V, lrdaXbú_r d«V, lrgË`XÎm d«V, Zmair nm¡{U©_m, ajm§~Y§ Z,
gwdm{gZr nyOZ, Ord{VH$m nyOZ Aem {d{dY d«Vm§Zr hm _{hZm JO~Obobm AgVmo.
`mM _{hÝ`mV lmdU dÚ MVwWu (g§H$ï>r) `m {Xder lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr
gmOar H$aÊ`mV `oV.o g_m{Y_§{XamV bKwéÐm{^foH$, Zm_ñ_aU, àdMZ, ^OZ, _hmàgmX
Agm H$m`©H$« _ nwÊ`{VWr {Z{_Îm hmoV AgVmo. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO {da{MV
g§{jßV gX²Jéw -M[aÌmMo (lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo Amodr~Õ M[aÌ) dmMZ ^ŠV_§S>ir EH$Ì
~gyZ AmirnmirZo H$aVmV. amÌr ^moOZmoÎma H$sV©Z hmoV.o lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
Ë`m amÌr H$sV©Z H$arV. Á`m g_`mg åhUOo amÌr 12 dm. 28 {_{ZQ>mZ§ r, lr~m~m
_hmamOm§Zr Xoh R>do bm, Ë`m doir lr~m~m§Mr AmaVr hmoD$Z lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
AJ«^mJr d nmR>r_mJyZ gd© ^ŠVOZ Ago _§{XamVrb Jm^mè`mg "Jwé_hmamO Jwé, O`
O` na~«÷ gX²Jéw ' `m JOamMm Kmof H$arV. VrZ àX{jUm KmbrV AgV. Ë`m àg§Jr
gd© _§S>itZm Vo lr~m~m§À`m g_mYrda dm{hboë`m \w$bm§_YyZ EH$EH$ \y$b qH$dm {~ëdnÌ
XoV AgV. `m {Xder lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO, ñdV: lr~m~m§Mm lmÕ{dYr H$arV AgV.
nydr© `m CËgdmV lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO, añË`mdê$Z `oUmè`m-OmUmè`m

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 217

gdmªH$[aVm {deofV: JmoaJ[a~m§H$[aVm åhUyZ bmSy>Z§ r ^aboë`m Q>mno ë`m KoD$Z ñd`§gdo H$,
àgmX dmQ>md`mg C^o H$arV AgV.
H¥$îUOÝ_mï>_rÀ`m {Xder amÌm¡ _§{XamV h[a{dO` J«W§ mVrb lrH¥$îUOÝ_mÜ`m`mMo
dmMZ hmoV AgVo. Ë`mZ§Va _Ü`amÌr AmaVr hmoD$Z gdmªZm VrW©àgmX, gwR§ >dS>m, {IamnV
Ago XoÊ`mV `oV.o Xwgam {Xdg åhUOo Xhrh§S>rMm, JmonmiH$më`mMm. Ë`m {Xder gm`§H$mir
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO XhrH$më`mMo H$sV©Z H$arV AgV.
XhrH$më`mÀ`m IoimH$[aVm A§JUmV EH$ Im§~ C§Mmda AmS>dm ~m§YZy , Ë`mbm VrZ
Xhr h§S>çm EH$_oH$m§eO o mar ~m§Yboë`m AgVmV. gd© ~miJmonmi, VéU-d¥Õ _§S>ir
XhrH$më`mV CËgmhmZo ^mJ KoVmV, nmÊ`mV {^OVmV, _ZgmoŠV ZmMVmV. _wbo Xhr
h§S>rbm AS>H${dbobr nmZm§À`m gOmdQ>rV XS>{dbobr \$io Ah_h{_Ho$Zo emoYZy H$mT>VmV.
hþVVy ,y Imo Imo Ago _¡XmZr Ioi Ë`m§À`m OmoS>rbm Omoa-~¡R>H$m Aem ì`m`m_ àH$mam§MmgwÕm
`m XhrH$më`mÀ`m IoimV g_mdoe AgVmo.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo XhrH$më`mMo H$sV©Z åhUOo lrH¥$îUbrbm Am{U Ë`m§Mo
gÚ:pñWVrbm AZwgê$Z {ddoMZ `m§Mr lmoË`m§Zm ldUr` _oOdmZr Ago. g_mOmV
AÝ`m`mbm g_yi Zï> H$ê$ eH$Umar geŠV ~mbHo$ {Z_m©U ìhmdrV Am{U Ë`m§Mr
gdmªMr EH$OyQ> Agmdr, hmM `m XhrH$më`mMm g§Xe o Amho, ho lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
H$sV©ZmÛmao lmoË`m§À`m _Zmda R>gdrV AgV. H$sV©ZmV Xhrnmoh,o g\$aM§XmÀ`m \$moS>r,
S>mqi~mMo XmUo `m§À`m {_lUmMm àgmX dmQ>bm OmVmo. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lmoË`m§Zm
ñdV:À`m hmVmZo bmoUr dmQ>V AgV. _Ü`oM Hw$UmÀ`m Vm|S>mbm, Jmbmbm, ZmH$mbm
EImXo bmoÊ`mMo ~moQ> \$merV, lrH¥$îUmÀ`m ImoS>H$anUmMm A{^Z` H$arV AgV.
XhrH$mbm gwê$ Pmbm H$s Jmo{d§Xm-JmonmimÀ`m JOamV _§{Xam^modVr EH$ àX{jUm KmbyZ
h§S>r \$moS>br OmVo. Aem VèhoZo VrZ n«X{jUm§_Ü`o VrÝhr h§S>çm, EH$mda EH$ Ago Wa
bmdyZ ~miJmonmim§À`m hmVyZ \$moS>Ê`mV `oVmV. Xhr h§S>rMm H$m`©H«$_ Pmë`mda,
àË`oH$mbm EH$ _moR>m ÐmoU ^ê$Z \$moS>UrMo nmoho XoÊ`mV `oVmV. Ë`mZ§Va gd© bhmZ Wmoa
_§S>ir amÌr ^moOZàgmX KoD$Z _JM Kar naVV.
^mÐnX ewÕ MVwWubm (JUoe MVwWu), g_m{Y_§{XamV lrJOmZZmÀ`m nm{W©d _yVuMo
nyOZ hmoV.o lrJOmZZmMr _yVu AmXë`m {XderM AmUÊ`mV `oV.o Vmo {Xdg h[aVm{bH$m
nyOZmMm AgVmo. _§{XamV h[aVm{bHo$À`m gIr, nmd©Vr d {edqbJ `m§À`m nm{W©d
_yVvMr nyOm H$aÊ`mV `oV.o Xwgè`m {Xder _§{XamÀ`m Xoìhmè`meoOmar EH$m Mm¡aJ§ mda
g^modVr a§JrV {Xì`m§Mr Amamg, nwînJwÀN> `m§Zr gwemo{^V Ho$boë`m AmgZmda

218 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

lr_§Jb_yVu {damO_mZ hmoVmV. à{Vð>mnZm nyOoÀ`m doir Zm_moƒmanyd©H$ ghòXwdm©
dmhÿZ lrJOmZZmbm n§MImÚmÀ`m Viboë`m _moXH$m§Mm Z¡dÚ o XmI{dÊ`mV `oVmo. `mZ§Va
AmaVr, _§Ìnwîn _moR>çm CËgmhmV hmoV AgVo. gm`§H$mir ñWm{ZH$ VgoM _w§~B© dJ¡ao
naJmdhÿZgwÕm nwîH$i _§S>ir lrJUam`mMo Xe©Z KoÊ`mgmR>r `oVmV. Xwgao {Xder
Zoh_rà_mUo nyOm, AWd©erfm©Mr ghòmdV©Z,o Z¡dÚ o dJ¡ao hmoD$Z gm`§H$mir CÎmanyOm
hmoV.o Vr Pmë`mda lrJOmZZmÀ`m _yVuÀ`m {dgO©ZmMm H$m`©H$« _ AgVmo. gd© nwéf
^ŠVJU YmoVa, gXam d Q>monr Aem Amnë`m nma§n[aH$ nohamdmV XmoZ-XmoZ qH$dm
VrZ-VrZÀ`m am§Jm H$ê$Z {eñVrV {_adUwH$sZo MmbV AgV. EH$ ñd`§gdo H$ gdmªV
nwT>o _yVu hmVmV KoD$Z {_adUwH$sÀ`m AJ«^mJr MmbV AgVmo. gd© _§S>ir AZdmUrM
d _wImZo doJdoJir ^OZo, Zm_JOa `m§Mm Kmof H$arV dmQ> MmbV AgVmV. g_m{Y_§{Xa
Vo lrkmZoœa nmXwH$m, VoWyZ _m°S>Z© H$m°boO, ~mbJ§Yd© a§J_§{Xa Mm¡H$mVyZ H$m±J«og
hmD$gg_moarb lrd¥Õoœa _§{XamMm KmQ>, Agm R>abobm {dgO©Z {_adUwH$sMm _mJ©
AgVmo. KmQ>mda lrJUam`m§Mr AmaVr hmoD$Z ""nwT>À`m dfu bdH$a `m'' Ago {Z_§ÌU
XoD$Z "lt'Mo {dgO©Z Ho$bo OmVo. gdmªZm Jyi-nmoøm§Mm àgmX dmQ>Ê`mV `oVmo. Ë`mZ§Va
gd© _§S>ir, Ë`mM {eñVrZo Zm_ñ_aU H$arV g_m{Y_§{XamV naVVmV.
`mM _{hÝ`mV ^mÐnX ewÕ MVwXe © r AWm©V AZ§V MVwXe © r. `m {Xder lr_X²
AZ§V nyOZ H$aÊ`mV `oV.o Anyn-Kma½`m§Mm Z¡dÚ o Ho$bm OmVmo. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
ñWm{ZH$ ^ŠV_§S>itZm _hmàgmXmgmR>r {Z_§ÌU H$arVM AgV nU _w~§ B©À`m ^ŠVm§Zm
àgmX {_imdm åhUyZ, H$moUr _w§~B©hÿZ Ambobm Agob Va Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a AmdOy©Z
àgmX nmR>dZy XoV AgV.
Ë`mZ§Va _hmb` åhUOo {nV¥nj gwê$ hmoVmo. Ë`m_Ü`o à{Vdfu lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
Amnë`m gX²Jwé§Mm, lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm nj, MVwWu lmÕ{VWrg H$arV AgV.
Ë`mMà_mUo lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Amnë`m d{S>bm§Mm nj Xadfu H$arV AgV.
`mZ§Va `oUmè`m Am{œZ _{hÝ`mMm àma§^ ZdamÌmZo hmoVmo. ZD$ {Xdg lrgßVeVrMo
nmR>, XaamoO gwdm{gZr d Hw$_m[aH$m nyOZ H$aÊ`mV `oV.o b{bVm n§M_rÀ`m {Xder
b{bVmJm¡arMo d«V hmoV AgVo. gañdVr nyOZ H$ê$Z Aï>_rbm lrgßVeVrMo hdZ
H$aÊ`mV `oV.o {dO`m Xe_rbm gH$mir gy`m}X`m~amo~aM ÜdOnyOZ d àmW©Zm hmoV.o
Ë`m {Xder g_m{Y_§{XamV {d{dY hË`mao, AdOmao `m§Mr nyOm H$aÊ`mV `oVo.
g_m{Y_§{XamV {Z`{_V `oUmao H$mhr ^ŠV, ñd`§gdo H$ `m§Zm Ë`m {Xder _hmàgmXmMo
{Z_§ÌU AgVo. gm`§H$mir g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m ~mJoV Agboë`m, Aí_§VH$mÀ`m

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 219

(AmnQ>çmÀ`m) PmS>mMo nyOZ H$aÊ`mMr àWm nmibr OmVo. lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§À`m A{YnË`mImbr gd©OU gm`§H$mir Mma dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg ~mJoV O_V
AgV. PmS>mnmer nyOmgm_J«r KoD$Z do._y.bú_Uemór gào JwéOr V`marV AgV.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Jwbm~r a§JmMm é_mb S>mŠo `mg ~m§YZy nyOgo mR>r VoWo `oV AgV.
_J àW_ Aí_§VH$mÀ`m PmS>mMr d \$m§Úm VmoS>Ê`mgmR>r AmUboë`m H$mo`Ë`mMr,
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO nyOm H$arV AgV. `Wmgm§J nyOZ Pmë`mda, lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO ñdV: EH$ \$m§Xr H$mo`Ë`mZo VmoS>rV AgV. Aem VèhoZo Ë`m§Zr àma§^ H$ê$Z
{Xë`mZ§VaM JS>r_mUgo da MTy>Z lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr XmIdyZ R>do boë`mM, \$m§Úm
VmoS>yZ Ë`m§Mm EH$ T>rJ O{_Zrda V`ma H$arV AgV. àË`oH$ ór-nwéf, _wb-o _wbr Ë`m
{T>Jm_YyZ EH$EH$ S>hmir, åhUOo {eb§JUmMo gmoZo d Ë`m~amo~a ZdamÌmV KQ>ñWmnZoÀ`m
{Xder éOV KmVbobo gßVYmÝ`m§Mo éOdU KoD$Z àË`oH$ OU àW_ lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m
_§{XamV dmhyZ Ë`mZ§Va XodKamV dmhÊ`mg OmB©. _J WmoS>m doi EH$_oH$m§g gmoZo XoÊ`mMm
H$m`©H$« _ MmbV Ago. EH$m ~mOybm Amboë`m gd© nmhþÊ`m§Zm lrI§S>naw rMm àgmX XoUo
MmbV Ago. àgmX KoVë`mdmMyZ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO H$moUmghr Kar OmD$ XoV ZgV.
Am{œZ nm¡{U©_m åhUOo H$moOm{Jar nm¡{U©_m qH$dm eaX nm¡{U©_m. `m {Xder gd©
nwéf ^ŠV_§S>itZm amÌm¡ 9 dmOVm g_m{Y_§{XamV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO {Z_§ÌU XoV
AgV. Ë`m amÌr lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m H$m_mMr AmIUr {Z{üV
H$aÊ`mMr, {Vgar åhUOo eodQ>Mr ~¡R>H$ KoÊ`mMr nÕV lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr
KmbyZ {Xbr hmoVr.
`m g^oZV§ a drg-n§Mdrg {_{ZQ>o lrñdm_r g_WmªMo Zm_ñ_aU hmoD$Z _Ü`amÌr
M§Ðmbm XwYmMm Z¡dÚ o XmI{dÊ`mV `oVmo. Ë`mZ§Va CnpñWV Agboë`m gdmªZm nwar-
^mOr, XyY, MQ>Ur, ^Or Agm \$ami, n§JV KoD$Z XoÊ`mV `oVmo. gdmªZm AmJ«hmZo XyY,
^Or dJ¡ao nXmW© dmT>bo OmVmV. Aem VèhoZo AmZ§XmV H$moOm{Jar nm¡{U©_m gmOar H$ê$Z
gd© ^ŠV Amnmnë`m Kar naVVmV.
g_m{Y_§{XamV AmZ§X ~mamhr _{hZo ^ê$Z am{hbobm AgVmo, _J Xrnmdbrgma»`m
gUm_Ü`o Vmo na_moƒ q~Xybm nmohmoMV Agob Va Ë`mV Zdb Vo H$m` ? _§{XamVrb
XrnmdbrMm àma§^ YZÌ`moXerÀ`m bú_rnyOZmZo hmoVmo. AmMmè`m§H$Sy>Z \$amimMo {d{dY
Am{U éMH$a nXmW© eod, MH$br, H$a§Or, H$S>~moir, bmSy>, {MdS>m, AZmago BË`mXr EH$
Zm XmoZ BVHo$ nXmW© gmodù`mV V`ma H$adyZ KoVbobo AgVmV. Ë`m gdmªMm lr~m~m§Zm,
gd© Xodm§Zm Z¡dÚo XmI{dbm OmVmo. Ë`mZ§Va AmaVr hmoD$Z O_boë`m gdmªZm Jyi-YUo,

220 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

~Îmmgo d H$m°\$s XoÊ`mV `oV.o YZÌ`moXerÀ`m gm`§H$minmgyZ ^mD$~rOon`ªV amoO gH$mi-
g§Ü`mH$mi gw_mao VrZeo nUË`m g_m{Y_§{XamMm n[aga, Amnë`m XrnmoËH$mamZo COiyZ
Q>mH$sV AgVmV. g_m{Y_§{XamV dmñVì` H$aUmè`m àË`oH$mbm hmH$ _mê$Z lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO, ZaH$ MVwXe © rÀ`m nhmQ>,o Amnë`m hmVmZo Ë`mÀ`m S>mŠo `mda ^anya gwJY§ r Vob
AmoVZy , XmoZ-XmoZ JS>çm§H$adr A§J aJSy>Z _J ñZmZmbm nmR>drV. Xe©Zmg `oUmè`m àË`oH$mg
\$amimMr ~er qH$dm Kar Ý`md`mg \$amimMr nwS>r XoÊ`mV `oV Ago. {Xdmirnydu Mma-
ghm {Xdg, gd© ^ŠVJUm§Zm lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO àË`oH$mÀ`m Hw$Qw>~§ r`m§Mr `mXr
H$ê$Z àgmXê$nmZo dóo XoV AgV. {XdmirÀ`m AJmoXa lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO 7-8 nmoVr
\$Q>mHo$ IaoXr H$ê$Z doJdoJù`m ßb°pñQ>H$À`m {neì`mV ^ê$Z R>do m`Mo d Ë`m {neì`m
g_m{Y_§{XamV `oUmè`m ^ŠVJUm§À`m _wbm§Zm XoV AgV. ZaH$ MVwXe © rÀ`m {Xder gH$mir
g_m{Y_§{XamV `oUmè`m àË`oH$mbm, lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO EH$ M_Mm^a gwJY§ r Vob
S>mŠo `mda KmbÊ`mg d EH$ AÎmamMm \$m`m, Odi R>do md`mg XoV AgV.
^mD$~rOoÀ`m {Xder H$mhr gwdm{gZr lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm AmodmiÊ`mg `oV
AgV. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO AmodmiUràrË`W© n¡g,o gmS>r dJ¡ao XoV AgV. {XdmirMo
Mma {Xdgm§n¡H$s `m {Xder g_m{Y_§{XamV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO gdmªZm \$Q>mHo$
dmOdm`bm XoV AgV. OdiOdi EH$ nmoV^o a \$Q>mHo$ _w»` XadmOmOdiÀ`m A§JUmV
dmO{dÊ`mV `oV. {XdmirVrb Mma {XdgmV, g_m{Y_§{XamV nmD$b R>odUmè`m
àË`oH$mÀ`m hmVmda lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO àgmX{_fmZo dó, n¡g,o dñVy Ago H$mhrZm
H$mhr Var R>do rVM R>do rV.
{XdmirZ§Va Vm~S>Vmo~ lrgX²Jéw ~m~m§À`m O`§Ë`wËgdmMr V`mar g_m{Y_§{XamV
OmoamV gwê$ hmoVo. H$m{V©H$ ewÕ Ì`moXer hm {Xdg Vwbgr {ddmhmMm åhUyZ R>ê$Z
Joë`mà_mUoM hmoVm. ~aoMgo ^ŠV `m {XdgmnmgyZM lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr-CËgdmgmR>r
g_m{Y_§{XamV amhmd`mg `oV AgV. gm`§H$mir 7-7ŸŸ&& dmOVm hm Vwbgr {ddmhmMm
gmohim gmOam hmoV Ago. _§Jbmï>H$o , C§Mr dóoàmdaUo Am{U XmJXm{JZo boD$Z Amboë`m
_m`-^{JZr, gZB©-Mm¡KS>m, dèhmS>r _§S>ir Aem IamoIarÀ`m b¾mà_mUo gmam WmQ>_mQ>
{XgV Ago. Vwierd¥§XmdZmÀ`m nbrH$S>o EImXm ^ŠV, VmåhZmV ~miH¥$îU KoD$Z
C^m amhmV Ago. _Ü`o A§VanmQ> Yê$Z JwéOr C^o amhmV Am{U "VXod b¾§' hmoVmM
Mm¡KS>m, e§I, K§Q>m `m§Mm ZmX {ddmh bmJë`mMo gdmªZm gy{MV H$arV Ago.
Ë`mZ§Va AmaVr hmoD$Z gdmªZm AÎma-Jwbm~, VrW©àgmX, ~Îmmgo, bmøm XoÊ`mV
`oV AgV. Aem àH$maMm hm {ddmh g_ma§^ åhUOo EH$ AmZ§XmoËgdM Ago.

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 221

 lrgX²Jéw ~m~m _hmamOm§Mm O`§Vr-CËgd
gZ 1960 nmgyZ lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lr~m~m§Mm O`§Ë`wËgd H$m{V©H$
ewÕ MVwXe © r, {Ìnwar nm¡{U©_m (lr~m~m§Mr O`§Vr-{VWr) d dÚ à{VnXm, Agm VrZ
{Xdg gmOam H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br. AmXë`m dfun`ªV lr~m~m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr _moR>çm
à_mUmda gmOmar hmoV Ago.
`m CËgdmÀ`m n{hë`m {Xder, gy`m}X`m~amo~a ÜdOnyOZ H$ê$Z CËgdmMm àma§^
hmoV AgVmo. Ë`mZ§Va gd© _§S>itgh lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lr~m~m§À`m _§{XamV
OmV AgV. Ë`m doir CËgd_§S>imMo AÜ`j S>m.° lr.X.Omoer `m§À`m hñVo lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO, gX²Jéw À§ `m, lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m g_mYrnwT>o {dS>m, Zmai R>do Zy lr~m~m§Zm
àmW©Zm H$arV AgV. `m àmW©ZVo CËgdmV hmoUmè`m gd© H$m`©H$« _m§Mo Vo WmoS>Š`mV lr~m~m§Zm
{ZdoXZ H$ê$Z ""Amnbo ApñVËd CËgdmV àH$fm©Zo gd© ^ŠVJUm§Zm OmUdyZ Úmdo d
gd© CËgd {Z{d©¿ZnUo, AmZ§XmV `m _§S>itÀ`m hmVyZ gmOam H$adyZ ¿`mdm'' Aer
gdmªÀ`mdVrZo àmW©Zm H$arV AgV.
Ë`mZ§Va àW_ lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO d Z§Va BVa ^ŠVJU, nmirnmirZo EH$-EH$
Vmg Aem nÕVrZo H$amd`mÀ`m ~mhÎma Vmgm§À`m AI§S> Zm_ñ_aUmMm, lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO àma§^ H$arV. gwédmVrMr H$mhr df} ""› Z_: {edm`'' hm Zm_On Ago, na§Vw
Ë`mZ§Va ""lrñdm_r g_W© O` O` ñdm_r g_W©'' `m _§ÌmMo Zm_ñ_aU gwê$ Pmbo.
AmOhr `mM _§ÌmMm On AI§S> H$aÊ`mV `oVmo. gm_wXm{`H$ CnmgZm, àdMZ, gX²JW§« mMo
dmMZ, Cn{ZfX nR>U, bKwéÐ, Xwnmar _hmàgmX, Ë`mZ§Va H$sV©Z Agm g§nUy © {XdgmMm
^aJƒ H$m`©H$« _ AgVmo. gm`§H$mir AmaVrZ§Va nmbIr-gmohim gmOam hmoVmo.
nmbIrV lr~m~m _hmamO, lrñdm_r g_W© Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Ago _y{V©Ì`,
_ñVH$s _wH$w Q>, H$U©emo^m dmT>{dUmar _Ëñ`mH$ma Hw$§ S>b,o H§$R>mV gmoZgmIù`m§Zr ^y{fV
Ago {damO_mZ Pmbobo AgVo. nmbIrV _I_br H$mnS>mMo eodarÀ`m H$mngmMo bmoS>,
JmXr, {JaÚm Ë`mMà_mUo ì`mK«m{OZ Agm WmQ> AgVmo. ""AKmS>r Mbo am_amOm, {nN>mS>r
g§VZ H$s \$m¡Om'' `m JOamÀ`m KmofmV _yVu _§{XamVyZ {ZKyZ nmbIrV ñWmZmnÞ hmoVmV.
Ë`mZ§Va nmbIr lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m O`O`H$mamgh CMbyZ Im§Úmda KoVbr OmVo.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO ñdV: lrJUam`m§À`m Z_ZmMm A^§J åhUyZ, nmbIrMm àma§^
H$arV AgV. nmbIrgh gd© ^ŠVOZ Q>mi-_¥XJ§w , drUm `m dmÚm§À`m gmWrZo Zm_ñ_aU
H$arV A^§J åhUV lr~m~m§À`m _§{Xam^modVr qXS>rÀ`m, g_moamg_moa XmoZ am§Jm H$ê$Z
MmbV AgV. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo nmbIr-n«X{jUoÀ`m _mJm©da, EH$mM
222 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm
OmJr XmoZ-XmoZ Vmg, Cä`mZo {Zê$nU Mmbo. gd© _§S>ir Xoh^mZ hanyZ ldUmMm AmZ§X
bwQ>V AgV. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m _wImVyZ, CËñ\y$V©nUo ~mhoa nS>Umè`m eoH$S>mo
Amoì`m§Mo ldU H$aVmZm, Ë`m Amoì`m§À`m nma_m{W©H$ AWm©Mo _ZZ H$aVmZm, lmoË`m§Mo
S>mi
o o ^md XmQ>ë`m_wio ^ê$Z `oV. nmbIrg_doV N>Ì, Mm_a, n§Im, _moaMob, A~XmJra,
M§X-« gy`© Aer amO{MÝho KoD$Z ^ŠV MmbV AgVmV. nwT>o XmoZ nmdbm§Mo A§Va amIyZ
JéS>-hZw_V§ Am{U Mm§XrMo JwP~© nmR>rer AS>H${dbobo ^mbXma-MmonXma Yrå`m JVrZo
MmbV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`mhr nwT>o Q>mi-_¥XJ§w , drUm KoVbobr dmaH$ar ^OZr _§S>ir d
gd© ^ŠVJUm§Mr qXS>r Mmbbobr AgVo. gdmªV nwT>o Mm§XrÀ`m ZjrXma nÍ`mZo _T>{dboë`m
OmS> H$mR>rda MT>{dbobm lr~m~m§Mm ^Jdm, OarH$m_ Agbobm ÜdO, C§M Yê$Z EH$
^ŠV MmbV AgVmo.
àX{jUoÀ`m _mJm©da _§{Xamg_moarb _moH$ù`m A§JUmV ^ŠV_§S>ir \o$a Yê$Z
Zm_ñ_aU H$arV, JOa Kw_drV [a¨JU V`ma H$aVmV. Ë`m§À`m Cƒ ñdamV MmbUmè`m
Zm_KmofmZo, JOamZo, gd© {Xem Xw_Xw_Zy OmVmV. lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m _§{Xam^modVr
nmbIr VrZ àX{jUm nyU© H$aVo. _§{XamgÝ_wI Ë`mMà_mUo àX{jUm _mJm©darb R>amdrH$,
OmJr R>abobo A^§J åhQ>bo OmVmV. Ë`m{edm` JdiUr, ^méS>o-OmoJdm BË`mXr
ZmZmàH$maÀ`m g§VaMZm åhQ>ë`m OmVmV. eodQ>r ""ho{M XmZ XoJm Xodm'' d ""Amåhr
AnamYr AnamYr, Amåhm Zmhr ÑT> ~wÕr'' ho A^§J åhUyZ nmbIr Imbr R>do br OmVo.
Ë`mZ§Va amÌr ~è`mM C{eam åhUOo _Ü`amÌr XmoZ dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg gd© _§S>ir
_hmàgmX godZ H$ê$Z {Z{ÐñV hmoVmV.
CËgdmMm Xwgam {Xdg H$m{V©H$ nm¡{U©_m, {Ìnwar nm¡{U©_m hm lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m
O`§VrMm {Xdg. Ë`m {Xder gH$mir AH$am dmOÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg lr~m~m§À`m
OÝ_moËgdmÀ`m H$sV©Zmg àma§^ hmoV AgVmo. lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO ñdV:
lr~m~m§À`m OÝ_gmohù`mMo H$sV©Z H$arV. ñda{MV Am`m©, gmŠ`m, qXS>çm, nXo, Amoì`m
`m§Zr `wŠV Ago, gwlmì` Am{U agmi Ago Ë`m§Mo H$sV©Z Ago. lr~m~m§Mo nydO© , lr~m~m§Mo
OrdZM[aÌ, Ë`m§À`m Ana§nma brbm `m{df`r Xadfu Ë`m§À`m H$sV©Zmg ZdZdrZ JmoîQ>r
EoH$md`mg {_iV AgV. Xwnmar ~amo~a 1 dm. 23 {_{ZQ>mZ§ r lr~m~m§Mm OÝ_ gmOam
H$aÊ`mV `oVmo. lr~m~m§Mm EH$ Mm§XrMm _wIdQ>m lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr `m
CËgdmgmR>r _wÔm_ H$adyZ KoVbm Amho. H$sV©ZmMo doir Vmo g_moa EH$m nmQ>mda aoe_r
OarH$mR>r Hw$§ MrV bnoQ>yZ R>do bobm Ago. OÝ_KS>r `oD$Z R>no VmM e§I, K§Q>m, Vmg `m§À`m
ZmXmgh ""Jwé _hmamO Jwé, O`O` na~«÷ gX²Jéw '' `m JOamÀ`m KmofmV lr~m~m§Mm

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 223

OÝ_ gmOam hmoVmo. Mm¡KS>m dmOy bmJVmo Am{U H$sV©Zmg ~gbobr _§S>ir, Jwbmb {_{lV
eod§VrMr \w$bo, lr~m~m§À`m _wIdQ>çmda dmhVmV Am{U gd©Ì AmZ§XmÀ`m bhar
ngaVmV.
Ë`m g_`r H$mhr H$mi, gd© _§S>itMr \w$bo dmhÿZ hmoBn© `ªV ^OZ Mmby amhVo.
_mZdr arVrZwgma lr~m~m§Zm ÝhmD$-_mIy KmbÊ`mÀ`m {dYrg gwédmV hmoVo. AÎma,
Jwbm~nmUr, Jwbmb Ago CnMma hiwdma hmVm§Zr \w$bm§À`m gmhmæ`mZo lr~m~m§À`m
_wIdQ>çmda ^pŠV^mdmZo dmhÊ`mV `oVmV. Ë`m doir lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
ñdH¥$V, ÝhmUrMo nX JmD$Z agn[anmof H$arV AgV. _J lr~m~m§À`m Zm_H$aUmMm
gmohim gmOam hmoV Ago. Ë`mgmR>r H$sV©ZmÀ`m àma§^mnyduM \w$bm§Mr Omir, Jm|S>o,
aoe_r Xmoar `m§Zr gO{dbobm EH$ nmiUm Xmoar-H$ßnr `m§À`m gmhmæ`mZo da N>VmOdi
AmoT>yZ R>do Zy ~m§Ybobm Ago. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Ë`m doir Vmo Imbr gmoS>md`mg
gm§JV AgV. ""JmoqdX ¿`m Hw$Ur Jmonmi ¿`m'' `m nma§n[aH$ arVrZo à^yZ§ m nmiÊ`mV
R>do Zy Ë`m§Mo bm¡{H$H$ Zm_H$aU ""am_M§Ð' `m ZmdmZo H$arV AgV. Ë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Mm
"nmiUm' åhQ>bm OmB©. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO àË`oH$ O`§Vrbm AJË`nyd© CnpñWV
amhmUmè`m, gm¡.{Z_©bmVmB© (lr~m~m§Mr H$Ý`m) VgoM EImXXwgè`m lr~m~m§er g§~Y§
Agboë`m ì`ŠVtZm, nmiÊ`mg PmoH$o XoÊ`mgmR>r nmMmarV AgV. `m g_ma§^mgmR>r
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr EH$ Img N>mQo >mgm, O`nwar nÕVrÀ`m a§JH$m_mZo gwemo{^V
Ho$bobm, ZdmarÀ`m nÅ>rZo {dUbobm, bmH$S>r nmiUm AmU{dbobm hmoVm. nmiÊ`mV
KmbÊ`mMm g_ma§^ Pmë`mZ§Va lr~m~m§Mm _wIdQ>m gdmªZm Xe©Z XoÊ`mH$[aVm lmoË`m§_YyZ
{\$a{dbm OmVmo. lr~m~m§Mo Xe©Z ~gë`m OmJrM àË`oH$mbm {_imdo hr Jmoï> H$Q>mjmZo
nmibr OmVo. Xaå`mZ dmaH$ar _§S>ir AmirnmirZo A^§J åhUV AgVmV. hm gd©
gmohim VrZ dmOon`ªV MmbyZ H$sV©ZmMm g_mamon AmaVrZo hmoVmo. _J Amboë`m àË`oH$mbm
lr~m~m§À`m O`§VrMm _hmàgmX XoÊ`mV `oVmo. `m doir lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
^moOZmÀ`m n§ŠVrVyZ OmVrZo bmSy>M § m AmJ«h H$arV {\$aV AgV.
gm`§H$mir {Ìnwa nyOm H$aÊ`mV `oV Ago. Ë`mZ§Va nmbIr àX{jUogmR>r _§S>ir
V`ma hmoV Ago. `m {Ìnya nyOgo mR>r lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr bmoIS§ >r nÅ>çm§Mm, OmoS>UrMr
aMZm Agbobm {Ìnya _wÔm_ V`ma H$adyZ KoVbm hmoVm.
O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m {Xder lr~m~m§Mr nmbIr g_m{Y_§{Xam~mhoa añË`mdê$Z {ZKV
Ago. n{hbr àX{jUm nyU© Pmë`mda Xwgè`m àX{jUogmR>r _w»` XadmOmVyZ nmbIr
~mhoa {ZKV Ago. J°g~Î`m (noQ>´m_o Š° g) S>mŠo `mda KoD$Z ~Îmrdmë`mMr Vrg-Mmirg

224 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_mUgo, nmbIrÀ`m {X§S>rÀ`m XwV\$m© MmbV AgV. _mJm©darb ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r EH$
g~-BÝñnoŠQ>a, EH$ hoS>H$m°ÝñQ>~o b Am{U ~mam nmobrg Agm Vm\$m, Ë`m§Mr `mo½` Vr \$s
^ê$Z lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO _mJdrV AgV. {_adUwH$sÀ`m gdmªV nwT>o AmKmS>rda
EH$m ~¡bJmS>rV, Mm¡KS>do mbm Am{U EH$ MH$MH$sV {nVir, aUqeJ \w$§ H$Umam, é~m~Xma
qeJr ~gbobm Ago. Ë`mÀ`m Ë`m VwVmarMm ZmX Xyan`ªV lr~m~m§À`m nmbIrÀ`m
AmJ_ZmMr dXu nmohmoMdrV Ago. ~¡bJmS>r nmR>mno mR> lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm OarnQ>H$m
dmQ> MmbV Ago. Ë`m_mJo ÜdOnVmH$m, {ZemUo `m§Zr `wŠV Q>mi-_¥XJ§w mÀ`m Vmbmda
ZmMUmar qXS>r Ago. {VÀ`mnmR>r A~XmJra, JéS>-hZw_V§ , M§Ð-gy`,© N>Ì-Mm_aog_doV
Agbobr, lr~m~m§Mr ZjrXma, H$moardH$m_ Ho$bobr ^a^ŠH$_ nmbIr ^ŠVm§À`m
Im§Úmdê$Z Mmb{dbobr Ago. {VÀ`mda VmUyZ ~g{dbobr, bmb~wX§ Oar-{H$ZImnmMr
qnOar (N>nar) Am{U {VÀ`mda _Ü`^mJr Agbobm H$ig Xyadê$Z {_adUyH$
nmhmUmè`mMo bj MQ>H$Z doYZy KoV Ago. nmbIrV ~m§Ybobo aoe_r Jm|S>o qhXH$iV
AgV. _I_br bmoS>-{JaÚm `m§À`m_Ü`o ì`mK«m{OZmda {damO_mZ Pmbobo lr~m~m
_hmamO åhUOo OUy H$mhr àË`j à^y am_M§ÐM ! Ë`m§À`m nwT>çmV lrñdm_r g_W©
Am{U lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `m XmoKm§À`m àgÞ _yVu emo^V AgV. nmbIrÀ`m _mJyZ
gwdm{gZr, _m`^{JZr, _wImZo Zm_ñ_aU, lr~m~m§Mm O`O`H$ma H$arV Mmbboë`m
AgV. g§nyU© añVm^a C§M C§M CS>Umao, {_adUwH$sbm àH$me_mZ H$aUmao ^wB©Zio
nmbIrMr emo^m dmT>drV AgV. H$mhr ^ŠV_§S>itÀ`m _moQ>mar {_adUwH$sÀ`m nmR>rnwT>o
g§W JVrZo MmbV AgV.
_mKmar {\$ê$Z g_m{Y_§{XamV àdoe H$arV AgVmZm nmbIrdê$Z Xhr^mV CVadyZ
~mhoa ZoD$Z R>do Ê`mV `oBb
© . EH$ Zmai AmodmiyZ Q>mH$Ê`mV `oB.© Ë`mZ§Va nmbIr Im§Úmda
KoVboë`m ^ŠV_§S>itÀ`m nmdbm§da XyY d nmUr KmbÊ`mV `oB.© Z§Va ZD$dmar gmS>r
Zogboë`m, ZmH$mV ZW ë`m`boë`m nmM gwdm{gZr "lt'Zm AmaVr AmodmirV AgV.
Aem VèhoZo g_m{Y_§{Xa Vo Xrn ~§Jbm Mm¡H$, VoWyZ _m°S>ob H$m°bZrMm WmoamV
Mm¡H$, Ë`mnwT>o OJVmn Mm¡H$ _J kmZoœa nmXwH$m Mm¡H$ Am{U {VWyZ naV g_m{Y_§{Xa
Aem _mJm©Zo {\$ê$Z _§{Xamg_moa lr~m~m§Mr nmbIr O`O`H$ma H$ê$Z, g_mamonmÀ`m
A^§JmZ§Va Imbr CVa{dÊ`mV `oV Ago. AmaVr, _§Ìnwîn dJ¡ao Pmë`mZ§Va J°g~Îmrdmbo,
nmobrg nmQ>rg© H$Q> gdmªZm _hmàgmXmMo ^moOZ Ago. gd© g_ma§^ AmQ>mno no `ªV nhmQ>M o o
VrZ dmOyZ OmV AgV.
CËgdmMm {Vgam {Xdg AmXë`m {Xdgmn«_mUo R>aboë`m H$m`©H«$_m§Zr gwê$ hmoV

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 225

Ago. Xwnmar _hmàgmXmZ§Va _§ÌOmJa hmoV Ago. _wbm§À`m dŠV¥Ëd ñnYm© hmoV AgV.
Ë`m gm`§H$mir O`§Vr CËgdm{Z{_Îm Pmboë`m nmR>mV§ a ñnY}Mm d Ë`m {XderM Pmboë`m
dŠV¥Ëd ñnY}Mm ~jrg g_ma§^ hmoV Ago. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo `m àg§Jr
^ŠV_§S>ir§Zm CÔoeZy ~moYàX d _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmao Ago AYm©-nmD$U Vmg ^mfU hmoV
Ago. gmYmaUV: amÌr 8 dmOon`ªV ~jrg g_ma§^ g§nZy , AmaVr hmoV Ago. _J n{hë`m
{Xderà_mUoM VrZ àX{jUm§gh nmbIr gmohim hmoD$Z Iyn C{eam amÌr _hmàgmX
hmoB©.
EìhmZm _Ü`amÌ CbQy>Z Jobobr Ago. XmoZ-VrZ dmObobo AgV. lr~m~m§À`m
O`§Vr CËgdmÀ`m g_mamonmMo, b{iVmMo H$sV©Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r lr_hmamO _§{XamV C^o
amhmV AgV. H$sV©ZmV nyda© J§ mV {ddoMZmgmR>r KoVboë`m A^§JmMo {ddaU, lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO BVHo$ {dñV¥V H$arV AgV H$s EH$m A^§JmMo g§nU y © {ddaU hmoÊ`mg VrZ-Mma
Vmg bmJV AgV. H$sV©ZmV lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO CÎmaa§Jmbm "aËZO{S>V qghmgZŸ&
dar emo^o aKwZX§ ZŸ&' `m A^§JmMr OmoS>Ur H$ê$Z XmeaWr am_mÀ`m, à^y am_M§Ðm§À`m
Xa~mamMo dU©Z H$arV AgV. Ë`m amOXa~mamÀ`m àdoeÛmamda ^mbXma, MmonXma
bbH$mar XoV AmhoV. d{gð>-{dœm{_ÌmXr F${f_wZr, Aï> {X½nmb, ZmaX-Vw~§ a, ~«÷m-
{dîUw-_hoemXr Xodm{YXod Ë`m Eoœ`©g§nÞ amOg^oV ñWmZmnÞ Pmbobo AmhoV, Ë`m
g_`r a§Obo-Jm§Obob,o H$ï>r ^ŠV, ~{ham, _wH$m, Am§Yim-nm§Jim, dmgwXdo hr _§S>ir
Ë`m Xa~mamV à^yZ§ m àgmX XoÊ`mMr àmW©Zm H$arV AmhoV,
VrW© MaUrMo erVi Ÿ& Jim VwierMr _miŸ&
BVwHo$ PS>H$ar nmR>dmdoŸ& ZmhrVa ~{i`m hmoD$Zr amhmdoŸ&
Úmdm àgmX PS>H$ar Ÿ&&Y¥0Ÿ&&
Agm H$sV©ZmV a§J ^abobm Ago. lmoË`m§Zm AZmda hmoUmar Pmon nidyZ bmdÊ`mH$[aVm
hmñ`{dZmoX {Z_m©U H$aUmè`m h[aXmgr Ñï>mÝVmMr AYyZ_YyZ noaUr H$arV Mmbbob,o
ho àXrK© H$sV©Z gH$min`ªV MmbV Ago. _Ü`oM EH$Xm lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO lmoË`m§Zm
AmirnmirZo Mhm {nÊ`mgmR>r _§{Xam~mhoa nmR>drV. Mhm `m {df`mda EH$ {dZmoXr
nXgwÕm Vo åhUyZ XmIdrV. `m_wio lmoV_o S§ >ir nmbIrV ZmMyZ X_bobr AgyZgwÕm
OmJ¥V amhmV AgV.
gH$miÀ`m gw_mamg EH$m Mm§XrÀ`m VmQ>mV, lr~m~m§À`m nXH$_bm§Mo ßb°ñQ>a Am°\$
n°[ag_Ü`o R>go KoVboë`m nmXwH$m R>odyZ, Ë`m aoe_r dómZo AmÀN>mXyZ EH$m Mm¡a§Jmda
Ë`m§Mr ñWmnZm Ho$bobr Ago. Ë`m nmXwH$m§Mr nyOm lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO g§H$ën-

226 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

_§ÌmoƒmanydH© $ H$arV AgV. do._y.gào JwéOr Ë`m doir nyOm gm§JV AgV.
hr nyOm Pmë`mZ§Va CËgd _§S>imMo AÜ`j S>m°.lr.X.Omoer, lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Mr nmÚnyOm D$îUmoXH$, J§Y, nwîn AmXr CnMmam§g{hV H$arV AgV.
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Ë`m doir åhUV, ""hr h[aXmgmMr nyOm Amho, Ë`m_wiM o Vr _bm
ñdrH$maUo ^mJ Amho.'' AÝ`Wm lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `m _§{XamV
Hw$UmMmhr Z_ñH$ma ñdrH$marV ZgV.
`m nyOZo V§ a lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO AÜ`jm§Zm lr~m~m§À`m O`§Vr CËgdmMo `O_mZ
åhUyZ àW_ {dS>m, ~Îmmgm, nmXwH$m§darb àgmXnwîn d Zmai Agm àgmX XoV AgV.
Ë`m§Zm ho XoD$Z Pmë`mZ§Va CËgdmg Amboë`m EHy$UEH$ Am~mbd¥Õm§Zm lr{XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO `mM àH$mao lr\$i-àgmX, {dS>m, ~Îmmgm d \y$b BVHo$ XoV AgV.
`m àg§Jr gdmªZm XoÊ`mgmR>r åhUyZ AmUboë`m Zmaim§Mr nmoVr _§{XamÀ`m ~mhoarb ~mOyg
C^r H$ê$Z R>do bobr AgV. H$sV©Z Mmbbobo AgVmZm ñd`§gdo H$ Ë`m Zmaim§Zm qnOa bmdyZ
R>do Ê`mMo H$m_ H$arV AgV. Hw$Ur ^ŠV CËgdmbm J¡ahOa Agob dm CËgd nyU© hmoÊ`mnydu
Kar Jobm Agob Va Ë`mMm àgmX lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO AmR>dUrZo Xwgè`m§Odi XoD$Z R>do rV
AgV. àW_ nwéf_§S>ir d Z§Va {ó`m Agm àgmX dmQ>nmMm H«$_ Ago.
gdmªZm àgmX XoD$Z Pmë`mZ§Va lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO 72 Vmgm§À`m AI§S>
Zm_ñ_aUmMr gm§JVm H$arV AgV. H$sV©ZmMm g_mamon H$aÊ`mnydu lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
Amnë`m gX²Jéw M § m, lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mm Ymdm, AË`§V ^mdnyU© ñdamV åhUV AgV.
Ë`m doir gX²Jéw {§ df`rMr ào_^mdZm AZmda hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mm H§$R> XmQy>Z `oV Ago. lmoË`m§Mr
A§V:H$aUogÕ w m Ë`m§À`m ^ŠVrMm hm CËH$Q> Am{dîH$ma nmhÿZ CM§~iyZ `oV AgV.
hm gd© H$m`©H$« _ àma§^r gmYmaU gmV Vo AmR> dmOon`ªV MmbV Ago. nwT>no Tw >o Cera
hmoV hmoV, EHo$ dfu Va ho b{iVmMo H$sV©Z gH$mir gmS>Xo hm dmOon`ªV Mmbbo hmoV.o
`mZ§Va AmaVr hmoD$Z H$sV©ZmMr d Ë`m~amo~aM O`§Vr CËgdmMr gm§JVm hmoV Ago.
naJmdhyZ Ambobo ~aoMgo ^ŠVOZ, Xwnmar ^moOZmZ§Va Amnmnë`m Kar naV AgV. hm
VrZ {Xdgm§Mm CËgd åhUOo lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m emar[aH$ l_m§Mr
n[agr_mM R>aV Ago. `m VrZ {XdgmV Vo jU^agwÕm {ZÐm dm {dlm§Vr KoV ZgV.
`m CËgdmZ§Va g_m{Y_§{XamV hmoUmam _hÎdmMm CËgd åhUOo lrXÎm O`§Vr,
_mJ©erf© ewÕ MVwXe © r. `m {Xder BVa CËgdm§à_mUo àmW©Zm, Zm_ñ_aU, Cn{ZfX
nR>U, àdMZ, bKwéÐm{^foH$ BË`mXr H$m`©H$« _m§À`m OmoS>rZo _mÜ`m• g_`r XÎmOÝ_
gmOam hmoV AgVmo. lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO Ë`m àg§Jr ñda{MV XÎm OÝ_mÜ`m`mMo

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 227

_§{XamV dmMZ H$arV AgV. Z§Va AmaVr hmoD$Z gdmªZm VrW©àgmX, gwR§ >dS>m, ~Îmmgo,
{IamnV dmQ>Ê`mV `oV Ago. _J _hmàgmX hmoD$Z Xwnmar H$sV©Z Am{U gm`§H$mir
AmaVrZ§Va nmbIr-àX{jUm Agm H$m`©H$« _ hmoV Ago. Ë`mZ§Va amÌr 1-2 dmOVm
^moOZ hmoD$Z ñWm{ZH$ _§S>ir Kar naVë`mZ§Va BVa gd©OU {ZÐmYrZ hmoV AgV.
nwT>o nm¡f ewÕ {ÛVr`m, `m {Xder lr_Þ¥qghgañdVr ñdm_r _hmamOm§Mr O`§Vr.
Ë`m {XdergwÕm Xwnmar lrJwéM[aÌmVrb Ë`m§À`m OÝ_mÜ`m`mMo _§{XamV dmMZ H$aÊ`mV
`oV.o lr_Þ¥qghgañdVtÀ`m Vg{~arMr Mm¡aJ§ mda ñWmnZm H$ê$Z nyOm Ho$br OmVo. øm
{Xder gm`§H$mir nmbIr gmohim AgVmo.
`m CËgdmZ§Va nwT>Mr nmbIr _mK dÚ à{VnXm `m {Xder AgVo. hm {Xdg
åhUOo lr_Þ¥qghgañdVtZr Á`m {Xder nmVmiJ§JÀo `m àdmhmV nwînmgZmda Amê$T>
hmoD$Z ZXrÀ`m CJ_mH$S>o àdmhmÀ`m CbQ> {XeoZo J_Z Ho$bo Am{U H$X©irdZmV OmD$Z
Vnü`}bm ~gbo Vmo hm {Xdg. hm lr_Þ¥qghgañdVtMm {ZOmZ§XJ_ZmMm {Xdg lrJwé
à{VnXm åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo. Zoh_rÀ`m n[anmR>mà_mUo gd© H$m`©H$« _ amÌm¡ C{eamn`ªV
nmbIr-gmohim gmOam H$ê$Z hm CËgd gmOam hmoVmo.
\$mëJwZ nm¡{U©_m `m {Xder gm`§H$mir hmo{bH$m nyOZ hmoD$Z, bhmZer hmoir
ñWmZmV noQ>{dÊ`mV `oV.o Ë`m {Xder gH$mirM _§{XamVrb gd© XodXodVm d gd© Vg{~atZm
gmIaoÀ`m JmR>r dmhÊ`mV `oVmV. Xwnmar lr~m~m Am{U gd© XodVm§Zm nwaUnmoirMm
Z¡doÚ XmI{dÊ`mV `oVmo. gm`§H$mir _§{XamVrb {ZË`AmaVrZ§Va hmoirMr nyOm
_§Ìmoƒmag{hV H$aÊ`mV `oV.o hmo{bHo$bm nwaUnmoirMm Z¡dÚ
o XmIdyZ Vmo Z¡dÚ o d Zmai
hmoirVM An©U H$aÊ`mV `oVmo. _J hmoir noQ>{dÊ`mV `oV.o
g_m{Y_§{XamV lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr gwê$ Ho$boë`m AZoH$ gU-
CËgdm§nH¡ $s \$ŠV {deof _moR>çm à_mUmda hmoUmè`m H$mhtMrM hr WmoS>rer _m{hVr
Amho. `m{edm` AmUIrhr ~aoM {XZ{deof g_m{Y_§{XamV nmibo OmVmV. Ë`m§Mr
YmdVr PbH$gwÕm Amü`© dmQ>m`bm bmdUmar Amho.
g_m{Y_§[XamV nmiÊ`mV `oUmao AÝ` {XZ{deof
M¡Ì _{hÝ`mV Ì`moXer`wŠV MVwXe © rg g_m{Y_§{XamV AŠH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r
g_WmªMr nwÊ`{VWr gmOar H$aÊ`mV `oV.o Ë`m {Xder bKwéÐm{^foH$, lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m
~IarMo dmMZ, _hmàgmX Ago H$m`©H$« _ hmoVmV.
AmfmT dÚ V¥Vr`m hm lrAmB©gmho~ (gm¡.XwJm©VmB©) `m§Mm nwÊ`{VWr {XZ. lrgX²Jéw

228 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

{XJ§~aXmg _hmamO à{Vdfu `m {Xder lrAmB©gmho~m§Mo lmÕ H$arV AgV. VgoM Ë`m
{Xder g_m{Y_§{XamV lrgyŠVmMm A{^foH$, Ë`mMà_mUo d¡{XH$ ~«m÷Um§H$Sy>Z _§ÌOmJa
H$adyZ KoV AgV.
lmdU _{hÝ`mV ZmJn§M_rÀ`m {Xder ZmJamOmMr nyOm, lmdUr g_ma§^ hmoV
AgVmo. AZoH$ ^ŠV_§S>ir lmdUrgmR>r gH$mir bdH$a g_m{Y_§{XamV AmdOy©Z
CnpñWV amhmV.
Am{œZ dÚ ÛmXer, JwéÛmXer Am{U dgw~mag åhUyZ `m {XdgmMo _hÎd Amho.
Jmo_mVoMo nyOZ H$ê$Z {Vbm nŠdmÞmMm Z¡doÚ An©U Ho$bm OmVmo. `mM {Xder
lr_Þ¥qghgañdVr gmV ê$no YmaU H$ê$Z Amnë`m {eî`m§À`m {Z_§ÌUmZwgma EH$mM
doir àË`oH$mÀ`m Kar ^oQ> XoD$Z Ambo d {edm` _R>mVhr hOa hmoVM o . Agm hm {Xdg
gm§àXm{`H$ _hÎd bm^bobm Amho.
_mJ©erf© ewÕ à{VnXm hm Xod{XdmirMm {Xdg. gd© XodVm§Zm gwJY§ r Vob, D$îUmoXH$
`m§gh Aä`§JñZmZ KmbÊ`mV `oV.o Ë`mZ§Va ewÕ fð>r åhUOo M§nmfð>rMm {Xdg `oVmo.
lr_ëhmar_mVªS> åhUOo lrI§S>m~o m, `m X¡dVmbm dm§½`mMo ^arV d ^mH$ar `m nXmWmªgh
Z¡dÚo XmI{dbm OmVmo.
nm¡f _mgmV 14 OmZodmar amoOr _H$a g§H$« m§V gmOar hmoV.o ñWmZmV `oUmè`m àË`oH$mbm
{ViJyi XoÊ`mV `oVmV. ~mhoaJmdr amhmUmè`m ^ŠV_§S>itZm nmoñQ>mZo A§Jmam-gw§R>dS>m
d {ViJyi nmR>{dbm OmVmo. ^ŠVOZ g_m{Y_§{XamV, lr~m~m _hmamO VgoM
lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zm {ViJyi An©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r `oV AgV.
nm¡f ewÕ ÛmXerg lrg§V dhmiH$a~wdm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr d _mK ewÕ à{VnXog lrg§V
grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a `m§Mr nwÊ`{VWr nmiÊ`mV `oV.o Ë`mMà_mUo lrQ>~| ño dm_r,
lr{gÕmê$T> ñdm_r, lr{Zd¥{ÎmZmW, lrkmZoœa, lrgmonmZXod, lr_wŠVm~mB©, lrEH$ZmW
_hmamO, lrVwH$mam_ _hmamO, lr_moa`m Jmogmdr, lr{dœoœa Aæ`m D$\©$ Aå_m `m gd©
g§Vm§À`m nwÊ`{VWr {XZr nd_mZ, bKwéÐm{^foH$, EH$mXeZr Aem àH$maMr AZwð>mZo
hmoV AgVmV.
_mK ewÕ MVwWug lrJUoe O`§Vr, gË`{dZm`H$ d«V d ghòmdV©Zo `m AZwð>mZm§Zr
gmOar hmoV.o _mK dÚ Zd_r åhUOo lrXmg Zd_rMm {Xdg. Ë`m {Xder lrg_W©
am_Xmgñdm_tÀ`m à{V_og hma KmbyZ nyOm-AmaVr Ho$br OmVo. `m {XdgmMonydu
lrXmg~moY J«§WmMo nmam`U, lr_ZmMo ûcmoH$m§g{hV H$aÊ`mV `oVo.
_mK dÚ MVwXe © rg lr_hm{edamÌd«VmMo nmbZ H$aÊ`mV `oV.o AmfmT>r d H$m{V©H$s

{ZË`-Z¡{_{ÎmH$ AZwð>mZo d `k`mJ / 229

EH$mXer `m {Xder Cndmg nmiyZ lrnm§S>waJ§ mMo ñ_aU-nyOZ VgoM ^OZ dJ¡ao H$m`©H$« _
H$aÊ`mV `oVmV.
\$mëJwZ dÚ V¥Vr`m hm lr{edN>ÌnVtMm O`§Vr {XZ. lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§Mr gd© {eî` ^ŠV_§S>ir lrjoÌ S>ao dU `oWo {edg_W© JS>mV gmOam H$aÊ`mgmR>r
OmV AgVmV. lr{XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr hm CËgd A{V^ì` à_mUmda Ë`m {R>H$mUr
gmOam H$aÊ`mMr nÕV gwê$ Ho$br, Vr Aì`mhV Mmby Amho. na§Vw g_m{Y_§{XamV XoIrb
éÐmMr EH$mXeZr Ho$br OmVo. lr{edam`m§Mo nwÊ`ñ_aU, `m {Xdgmà_mUoM lrhZw_mZ
O`§Vr `m N>ÌnVtÀ`m nwÊ`{VWr {XZrXoIrb ñWmZmV Ho$bo OmVo. bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$
nwÊ`{VWràrË`W© g_m{Y_§{XamV nd_mZ A{^foH$ Ho$bm OmV AgVmo.
\$mëJwZ dÚ Xe_r, lram_mZ§X ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr nwÊ`{VWr, g_m{Y_§{XamV gmOar
hmoV.o Ë`m {Xder lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m M[aÌmMo dmMZ H$ê$Z VËàrË`W© ~«m÷U^moOZ,
bKwéÐ-nd_mZ A{^foH$ Agm H$m`©H$« _ AgVmo. g§àXm`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo `m {XdgmMo _hÎd
_moR>o Agë`m_wio _hmàgmXmg ñWm{ZH$ d ~mhoaJmdMr {_iyZ ~arM _§S>ir CnpñWV
amhVmV.
Aem AJ{UV CËgdm§Ûmao lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `m
ñWmZmMm _{h_m Va d¥qÕJV Ho$bmM; nU Ë`mhÿZhr {deof åhUOo gd©gm_mÝ` OZm§Zm
Amnbr g§ñH¥$Vr, Amnë`m na§nam, `m§Mo _hÎd gwb^nUo g_OmdyZ {Xbo. `m
CËgdm§À`mÛmao CnmgZoMo gmVË` Ë`m§À`m _Zmda R>g{dbo. `m gd© CËgdm§Mm, O`§Ë`m-
nwÊ`{VÏ`m§Mm EH$ ^bm_moR>m VŠVmM g_m{Y_§{XamV Xadfu Jw{T>nmS>ì`mMo AJmoXa V`ma
H$ê$Z, ^ŠVm§À`m _m{hVrgmR>r q^Vrda Q>m§JyZ R>odbobm AgVmo. ZdrZ _Zwî`mZo `m
VŠË`mda ghO åhUyZ Oar EH$ ZOa {\$a{dbr Var AmnU Amnbo gU, CËgd, g§ñH¥$Vr
BË`mXr~m~V AZ{^k AmhmoV, `mMr Ë`mbm VmËH$mi OmUrd hmoV.o
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m gX²Jéw À§ `m ñWmZmMm gm§^mi H$em {Zð>Zo o
Ho$bm `mMo Xe©Z KS>{dUmè`m EH$m A§JmMo Xe©Z `m _m{hVrVyZ àñVwV H$aÊ`mMm hm EH$
à`ËZ Amho. AmOhr lrgX²Jéw ${XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo lr~m~m§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV
gd© {ZË`monmgZm, CËgd, d«V,o AZwð>mZo B. {VVŠ`mM VËnaVoZo d {eñVrZo nma nmS>br
OmVmV. Ë`mVyZM gX²Jéw À§ `m g_m{Y_§{XamMo d¡^d d nm{dÍ` àH$Q> hmoV AgVo.

***

230 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO
lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO VWm lrghOmZ§X gañdVr ho A¸$cH$moQ> {Zdmgr
lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m na§naoMo, ñdê$n g§àXm`mMo AÜd`y© åhUyZ AmO gd©Ìm§g kmV
AmhoV. nwUo `oWrc lrdmgwXdo mZ§Vgañd{V VWm lr~m~m _hmamO ghò~wÕo `m Amnë`m
gX²Jwé§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV, gw_mao VohVrg df} Ë`m§Zr dmñVì` Ho$co. `m H$mimVrc
Ë`m§Mo OrdZ åhUOo gX²>Jéw ^º$sMm gdm}ÀM AmXe©, {Zacg Am{U {Zanoj g_mOgodm,
AOmoS> Am¡Xm`© `m§Mm EH$ AX²^wV dñVwnmR> åhUVm `oB©c.
lrg§V EH$ZmW _hmamOm§Zr EH$m AmodrV B©œar {d^yVtMo dU©Z H$aVmZm åhQ>co
Amho,
Y_m©Mr dmQ> _moS>o Ÿ& AY_m©Mr erJ MT>o &
V¢ Amåhm `oUo KS>o Ÿ& g§gmapñWVr &&
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo OrdZ-M[aÌ nmhmVmZm `m AmodrMmM Amnë`mcm
àË`` `oVmo. lr_hmamOm§Mo cm¡{H$H$ Zmd {dÇ>c JUoe Omoer Ago hmoV.o H$moH$U àm§VmVrc
aËZm{JarnmgyZ ~mam {H$cmo_rQ>a A§Vamda nmo_|S>r (~w.) ZmdmMo EH$ Jmd Amho. VoWo
amhmUmao lr.JUoen§V {dîUy Omoer d Ë`m§Mr nËZr gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© `m B©œa{Zð> d gXmMmar
g§nÞ Xm§nË`mMo CXar, Am{œZ ewÕ Aï>_r eH$ 1834 Jwédma, {X. 17 Am°ŠQ>m~o a
1912 `m {Xder lr_hmamOm§Zr AdVma KoVcm. Ë`m§À`m d{S>cm§Mr ImoVr hmoVr. Ë`m_wio
eoVrdmS>r, O_rZ Ow_cm CÎm_ hmoVm.
~mcd`mVM B©œa^º$s Am{U d¡am½` ho JwU Ë`m§À`m {R>H$mUr àH$fm©Zo ÑJmoMa hmoV
hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m ~w{Õ_ÎmoMr Yma, ^mfodarc à^wËd Am{U VH©$ewÕ {dMma H$aÊ`mMr
nÕV nmhÿZ d{S>cm§Zm ñdm^m{dH$M Anojm dmQ>V hmoË`m. Amnë`m _wcmZo dH$sc
hmoD$Z Iyn Zmdcm¡{H$H$ {_idmdm, g§nÎmr {_idmdr Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>o, na§Vw
lr_hmamOm§MogmR>r {Z`VrZo AJmoXaM H$m`© `moOyZ R>odcoco hmoVo. Vo d{S>cm§Zm åhUmco,
""Vw_À`m _ZmV Agcocr d{H$cr H$aÊ`mgmR>r _r OÝ_mcm Amcocmo Zmhr. _r d{H$cr
Oê$a H$arZ, nU Vr XodmMr d{H$cr H$arZ !'' Amnë`m _wcmMo ho OJmdoJio {dMma
EoH$y Z JUoen§V W¸$ Pmco.
lr_hmamOm§À`m KamÊ`mMo Cnmñ` X¡dV lram_ hmoV.o Ë`m_wio à^y am_M§Ð d lrhZw_V§
`m§À`m CnmgZoV Vo a§JyZ OmV AgV. ~mcd`mV Ë`m§Zm Z_ñH$ma, X§S>~¡R>H$m, `moJmgZo

lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO / 231

`m§Mrhr JmoS>r cmJcr hmoVr. nwT>o `mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr XÎmmonmgZocm Ama§^ Ho$cm. Ë`m§Mo emco`
{ejU àm_w»`mZo aËZm{Jar `oWM o Pmco. B§JO « r Mm¡Wr Vo B§JO
« r ghmdr B`Îmm Ë`m§Zr
aËZm{JarÀ`m gaH$mar hm`ñHy$c_YyZ Ho$ë`m. na§Vw emco` nwñVH$s {ejUmV Ë`m§Mo _Z
a_oZm. ^JdX²^º$sMm N>§X d Xwgè`m H$mhr H$maUmZo Ë`m§Zr eodQ>r B§J«Or ghmdrVyZM
emim gmoS>cr. cm¡{H$H$ {ejUmcm Aem VèhoZo nyU{© dam_ {_imcm.
lrg§V JmS>Jo _hmamO Ë`m H$mimV EH$Xm aËZm{Jarcm Amco hmoVo. ~mcd`rZ
lr_hmamOm§Zr d{S>cm§Mr nadmZJr KoVcr d Ë`m§À`m Xe©Zmcm Joc.o lr JmS>Jo _hmamO
Hw$Umcmhr Amnco nm`m§Zm ñne© H$ê$ XoV ZgV. nU lr_hmamOm§Zr ^{º$^mdmZo Ë`m§Mo
MaU Yaco. lr JmS>Jo _hmamOm§Zr g§VmnmZo H$mR>r CJmacr d ""R>ma _mê$Z Q>mH$sZ !''
Ago JaOco. Ë`m~amo~a ""_macoV Va Amnë`m MaUrM _moj {_ioc,'' Ago lr_hmamO
åhUmco. lr JmSJo _hmamO Ë`m§À`m CÎmamZo J{hdaco d lr_hmamOm§Zm ào_mZo CR>dZy
{dMmanyg H$ê$ cmJco, ""~mi, Vwcm H$m` nm{hOo ?'' lr_hmamO åhUmco, ""EH$
e§H$m Amho. H$mngmMm Xmoam Pmcm`. Ë`mcm \$ma nri nS>cm`. Vmo nri H$mT>yZ Ë`mMm
nydd© V H$mnyg H$gm H$aVm `oBc© , Vr {dÚm _cm {eH$dm.''
lr JmS>Jo _hmamOm§Zm Ë`m§À`m n¥ÀN>_o Yrc __© g_Oco d BVŠ`m ~mcd`mVrc
Ë`m§Mr AmÜ`mpË_H$ {Okmgm nmhÿZ g§Vmofhr dmQ>cm. lr_hmamOm§Zm ào_mZo Odi KoD$Z
Vo åhUmco, ""~mim, Vr {dÚm Vwcm XoUmam Iyn _moR>m XmVm Agoc. `mo½` doir VwPr d
Ë`mMr JmR> Z¸$s nS>oc. VwP§ ^m½`M Vg§ Amho ~a§ !''
lr_hmamOm§Zr nwT>rc H$mimV AZoH$ doim lr JmS>Jo _hmamOm§Mo Xe©Z KoVco. EH$m
àg§Jr _w~§ B©_Yrc g_wÐ{H$Zmè`mda Vo JmS>J_o hmamOm§g_doV EH$m§VmV AgVmZm EH$m
{Xì` AZw^dmMr à{MVr Amcr. lr JmS>Jo _hmamOm§Zr Ad{MVM Ë`m§Zm lrhZw_V§ mÀ`m
ê$nmV Xe©Z {Xco. AmH$memcm ^oXyZ Jococo Vo ^ì` {Xì` hZw_§VmMo ""R>H$mao nd©Vm
Eogm'' Aem H$moQ>rVrc Xe©Z hmoVmM, H$mhr H$mi lr_hmamOm§Mo Xoh^mZ hanco hmoVo.
lr_hmamOm§Mr ^JdX²^Qo >rMr AmoT> Ë`m AOmU ~mcd`mV BVH$s Vrd«Vc o m nmohmoMcr
H$s, d`mÀ`m Ad¿`m ~mamì`m-Voamì`m dfu Vo Ka gmoS>yZ _w~§ B©_mJ} Zm{eH$cm n§MdQ>rg
{ZKyZ Amco. VoWo lr H$mimam_ _§{Xamg_moaM Agcoë`m lrgX²>Jéw ~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Zr
ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m XÎm_§{XamV dmñVì`mg am{hco. {ZË` J§JmñZmZ H$amdo, {Za{Zamù`m
_§{Xam§V OmD$Z XodXodVm§Mr Xe©Zo ¿`mdrV, ZmamoeH§ $amÀ`m gwà{gÕ {ed_§{XamV ~gyZ
Ü`mZYmaUm H$amdr, Agm Ë`m§Mm {XZH«$_ gwê$ Pmcm. VoWo EH$ {Xdg JmoXmdarÀ`m
H$mR>mdê$Z {\$aV AgVmZm, lr_hmamOm§Zm EH$m Acm¡{H$H$ `VrMo Xe©Z KS>c.o gw_mao

232 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

gmV \y$Q> C§Mr, H$m¡nrZYmar, A§Jmda ì`mK«M_©, OQ>m Iyn dmT>cëo `m Am{U Im§Úmda
EH$ OiHo$ cmHy$S> KoD$Z, Vr {d^yVr ^«_U H$arV hmoVr. lr_hmamO g_moa `oVmM Ë`m
VoO:nw§O `VrZo Ë`m§Mm hmV AMmZH$ nH$S>cm d AmoT>rVM EH$m ~mOycm Zoco.
Amnë`mOdiMm àgmX Ë`m§À`m _wImV H$m|~cm d ào_mZo Hw$admiyZ ÑT> AmqcJZ {Xco.
Amnë`m CÝ_Zr AdñWoVM ""nyam hmo Om`Jm, dº$ AmZona nyam hmo Om`oJm'' Agm
lr_hmamOm§Zm Amerdm©X XoD$Z Vmo `Vr JXuV {_giyZ {XgoZmgm Pmcm. lr_hmamO
Ë`mZ§Va nwÝhm Zm{eH$hÿZ _w§~B©g naVco. Xaå`mZ Ë`m§À`m d{S>cm§Zr ZmVodmBH$m§Ûmao
Ë`m§Mm emoY KoVcm d nwÝhm Ë`m§Zm aËZm{Jarcm Zoc.o
na§Vw gX²Jéw àmárMr AmoT> ñdñW ~gy XoV ZìhVr. Ë`m_wio nwÝhm EH$dma AR>amì`m
dfu Ka gmoS>yZ Vo nwÊ`mV, lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§À`m _R>mV Amco. gZ 1929-30 Mm
H$mi hmoVm. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mo {eî` Am{U _R>mMo hoS>Q>´ñQ>r lr.dmgwAÊUm ^mJdV
`m§Zr Ë`m§Zm _R>mV R>odyZ KoVco. VoWoM AJmoXa Amcoë`m d¥Îmm§VmZwgma Ë`m§À`mda lr~m~m
_hmamOm§Mm AZwJh« Pmcm. Aem VèhoZo Ë`m§À`m gX²>Jéw emoYmMr nyVV© m Pmcr.
AZwJ«hmZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr H$mhr df} S>m°.~mog `m§À`m B§{S>`Z S´>½O A±S>
\$m_m©ñ`w{Q>H$ëg H§$nZr_Ü`o _o{S>H$c [aàoP|Q>o{Q>ìhMr ZmoH$ar Ho$cr. `m ZmoH$arVgwÕm
Ë`m§À`m ~w{Õ_ÎmoMr M_H$ d Am¡fYm§{df`r Ë`m§Zr g§nmXZ Ho$coco kmZ nmhÿZ H§$nZrMo
_mcH$ M{H$V Pmco hmoVo d Ë`m§Zm H§$nZrV ^mJrXmargwÕm XoD$ Ho$cr hmoVr. na§Vw
lr_hmamOm§À`m coIr `m gd© Jmoï>r {_Ï`m hmoË`m. Ë`m_wio gZ 1946 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zr
ZmoH$arMm amOrZm_m {Xcm d Vo naV aËZm{Jarg Amco. VoWo EH$m§VdmgmV amhÿZ Ë`m§Mr
H$R>moa gmYZm gwê$ Pmcr. lr.h[a^mD$ Hw$cH$Uu `m§À`m ""H¥$îUml_ cm°qOJ ~mo{S>ªJ''
_Ü`o lr_hmamOm§Mo dmñVì` Ago. Ë`m H$mimV Vo ì`mK«M_m©da ~gyZ gVV Ü`mZmä`mg
H$arV AgV. `m gVV Ü`mZmä`mgm_wio Ë`m§À`m earamV CîUVm CgiV Ago d Ë`m_wio
gdmªJmMm Xmh hmoD$ cmJo. Vmo e_{dÊ`mgmR>r _J lr_hmamO W§S >nmÊ`mÀ`m H$ií`m
YS>mYS> A§Jmda AmoVZy KoV AgV. Aem gVam-AR>am Am§Kmoir H$aUo, ho Ë`m§À`m
coIr amoOMoM Pmco hmoV.o `m H$mimV Ë`m§Zr Amncm àdmghr A{Ve` H$_r Ho$cm
hmoVm. ~mø CnmYtnmgyZ Vo hiyhiy A{cá amhÿ cmJco hmoVo.
Ago hmoVo Var Ë`m§À`mVrc AmÜ`mpË_H$ gm_Ï`m©Mr n«{MVr _mÌ VoìhmnmgyZ AZoH$m§Zm
`oD$ cmJcr. nwîH$i cmoH$ Amnë`m àmn§{MH$, ì`mdhm[aH$ AS>MUt~Ôc Ë`m§Zm gmH$S>o
KmcÊ`mg `oV AgV. lr_hmamOm§À`m H¥$noZo Ë`m§À`m AS>MUr {ZdmaU hmoV AgV.
Aem àH$mao lr_hmamOm§Mo Zmd aËZm{JarÀ`m n§MH«$moerV à{gÕ Pmco. gZ 1949

lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO / 233

nmgyZ Ë`m§Mo nwÊ`mg lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m Xe©Zmg dma§dma OmUo hmoD$ cmJco. gZ
1953 _Ü`o lr~m~m _hmamOm§Zr Ë`m§Mm hmV hmVmV KoD$Z ""VwPo gd© H$mhr _rM H$arZ''
Ago dMZ {Xco.
lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m _hmg_mYrZ§Va Ë`m§À`m {eî`m§Zr Ë`m§À`m BÀN>oZwgma
lr~m~m_hmamOm§À`m 937 S>r, {edmOrZJa, `m ßcm°Q>_Ü`o Ë`m§À`mda Am¡Üd©Xo{hH$
g§ñH$ma Ho$co d Ë`m OmJoda ApñWH$ce ñWm{nV H$ê$Z g_mYr ~m§Ycr. EH$ VmËnwaVo
N>ßna dOm _§{Xa ~m§YÊ`mV Amco. nwT>o 18 Am°JñQ> 1956 _Ü`o lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr
H$Ý`m, gm¡.{Z_©cmVmB© Iao (dYm©) `m§À`mH$Sy>Z crOZo Vmo ßcm°Q> lr_hmamOm§Zr KoVcm d
g_m{Y_§{XamMr C^maUr Ho$cr. (hm g{dñVa d¥Îmm§V nwñVH$mV AJmoXa Amcm Amho.)
lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr O`§Vr-nwÊ`{VWr, lrXÎm O`§Vr, lrñdm_r g_W© O`§Vr, lram_
Zd_r, lrH¥$îUOÝ_mï>_r BË`mXr AZoH$ CËgd d `k`mJm{XH$ AZwð>mZo `m§À`m`moJo
lr_hmamOm§Zr gX²Jéw M§ o ñWmZ cm¡{H$H$mg MT>{dco. ""{eî` V`ma H$ê$Z g§àXm` dmT>d''
`m gX²Jéw À§ `m AmkoZgw ma lr_hmamOm§Zr AZoH$m§Zm AZwJh« {Xcm. ^º$_§S>itMm AmoT>m
lr_hmamOm§H$S>o dmTy> cmJcm. Ë`m§À`m R>m`r Agcoë`m Acm¡{H$H$ nma_m{W©H$ JwUm§_i w o
cmoH$ à^m{dV hmoD$ cmJco Am{U dmT>Ë`m g§»`oZ,o ^pŠV^mdmZo g_m{Y_§{XamV `oD$
cmJco. Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z àmá hmoUmè`m AmÜ`mpË_H$ _mJ©Xe©ZmZo na_mWm©H$S>o diy cmJco.
^º$m§Zm CnmgZo{df`r _mJ©Xe©Z ìhmdo åhUyZ A^§J, ñVmoÌ,o Amoì`m, AmaË`m,
Aï>H$o BË`mXr {d{dY àH$maÀ`m dmL²>_`rZ aMZm Ë`m§Zr Ho$ë`m. lrg§V kmZoœa _hmamOm§Mr
à{V^m Am{U lrg_W© am_Xmg ñdm_tMr {Z^©` {H«$`mercVm `m Xmohm|Mm AX²^Vw g§J_
Ë`m§À`m R>m`r Pmcocm hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m aMZm§Vrc agmi Am{U ^{º$agmZo AmoW~§ coë`m
Amoì`m§À`m, A^§Jm§À`m ldUmMm AmZ§X, lmoVo _§S>ir nmcIr-gmohim, H$sV©Z-o àdMZo
Aem àg§Jr Xoh^mZ {dgê$Z cwQ>V AgV. Ë`m§À`m ~hþVHo $ aMZm `m CËñ\y$V© AgV.
g_W© am_Xmg ñdm_tà_mUoM "AmYr àn§M H$amdm ZoQ>H$m, _J ¿`mdo na_mWm© {ddoH$m'
Aer lr_hmamOm§Zr Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm {eH$dU Ago. AmOÝ_ ~«÷M`©dV« mZo Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m
gX²Jéw M§ r AmË_g_n©U ^mdmZo godm Ho$cr. Xmñ`^º$sMm AmXe© ñdV: AmMaU H$ê$Z
OJmcm XmI{dcm. `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr g_m{Y_§{XamMm Omo Ana§nma àn§M _m§S>cm hmoVm, Vmo
Amnë`m ^º$m§Zm àn§M ZoQ>H$m H$gm H$amdm, `mMo {ejU XoÊ`mgmR>rM hmoVm Ago ^mgVo.
""~mcH$mMo gmR>r, n§Vo hmVr Y[acr nmQ>r'' `m g§VdMZmMm àË``M Ë`m§Mo M[aÌ nmhmVmZm
`oVmo. àn§MmV H$Ë`m© nwéfmZo Ë`mJm{Y{ð>V Am{U H$V©ì`nam`UVoZo H$go amhmdo, `mMm
dñVwnmR>M OUy g_m{Y_§{XamVrc Ë`m§Mo X¡Z{§ XZ OrdZ nmhmVmZm {_iV Ago.

234 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 g_m{Y_§{XamVrc ZmoH$a MmH$a, nmhþU,o BVHo$M Zìho Va Hw$Ìm, nmonQ> AmXr nmird
àmUr, `m gdmªMr Vo Á`m AmË_r`VoZo H$miOr dmhmV AgV, Vo nmhmVm AmnU ñdV:À`m
_wcm~mim§MrgwÕm BVH$s AmnwcH$sZo, _m`oZo XoI^mc H$arV Zgy, Agm {dMma àË`oH$mÀ`m
_ZmV Amë`mdmMyZ amhmV Zgo. Ë`m§À`m öX`mV gd© ^yV_mÌm§{df`r X`m d ghmZw^Vy r
gX¡d Zm§XV Ago. _§{XamVrc nmird àmÊ`m§Mo ImUo{nUo, Am¡fYmonMma, XoI^mc, `m§_Ü`o
godH$dJm©Mm hcJOunUm Vo Oamhr IndyZ KoV ZgV. lrjoÌ S>ao dU `oWrc ñWmZmV
gm§^micoë`m Jm`r-~¡cm§Mr Vo ñdV:À`m AnË`mà_mUo H$miOr H$arV AgV. Jm`
ì`m`ë`mda cJoM Jyi, Imo~ao Am{U {^Odcoco Aird Im`cm {Xco JocM o nm{hOoV.
Vo naJmdr AgVrc Va \$moZ H$ê$Z ñdV: ImÌr H$ê$Z KoV AgV. Zm§JaUrMr H$m_o
AmQ>mno Zy gm`§H$mir ~¡cOmoS>çm Ooìhm eoVmdê$Z Kar `oV, Voìhm ~¡cm§Mo nm`, ñdV:À`m
hmVmZo ~oMŠ`mV AS>H$coco IS>o ~moQ>mZo H$mT>Zy ñdÀN> H$arV AgV, Z§Va _rR> KmVcoë`m
Ja_ nmÊ`mZo Vo ñdV: YwdrV AgV, eoH$drV AgV. Ë`m§À`m nm`m§À`m {eam _moH$ù`m
ìhmì`mV åhUyZ Voc MmoirV AgV. Iwam§_Ü`o {H$S>o nS>V, åhUyZ nmoQ>{° e`_ na_±JZoQ>À`m
ÐmdUmZo Iya YwdZy H$mT>rV AgV. H$a_UwH$sgmR>r amZmV OmD$Z {ZanamY neyM § r {eH$ma
H$aUo, Ë`m§Zm A{O~mV ng§V Zgo. EImXm ^º$ dm n[a{MV Bg_ {eH$marMm em¡H$ H$arV
Agë`mMo Ë`m§À`m H$mZr Amco, Va Vo Ë`mMr AË`§V H$S>H$ eãXm§V H$mZCKS>Ur H$arV
AgV.
new-nú`m§~Ôc Ë`m§À`m A§V:H$aUmV gX¡d OmJ¥V Agcoë`m H$idù`mMr IyU
Ë`m _wŠ`m Ordm§Zm MQ>H$Z C_JV Ago. ñWmZmVrc nmird Hw$Ìr, Jm`r-~¡c, nmonQ> , ho
Ë`m§Zm nmhVmM hf© nmdV ømV H$mhrM Zdc Zmhr; na§Vw Hw$UmÀ`mhr MmhþcrZo ^waH© $Z
CSy>Z OmUmè`m {M_Ê`m, lr_hmamOm§À`m AdVr^dVr Iwemc {Z^©`nUo {H$c{~cmQ>
H$arV ~mJS>VmZm {XgV. Ë`m§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV Ë`m {M_Ê`m§Mr ^rVr A{O~mV niyZ
Jocco r Ago.
dZñnVr g¥ï>r~ÔcgwÕm Ë`m§À`m _ZmV AmË_r`Vm hmoVr. Ë`m§À`m ~mocÊ`mVyZ Oar
n`m©daU, d¥jmamonU dJ¡ao MiditMm "CXmo, CXmo' Zgcm, Var Ë`m§À`m d¥jào_mMr
gmj XoÊ`mg, AmO nwU-o S>ao dU `oWrc _§{XamVrc {dnwc d¥jg§nÎmr g_W© Amho. d¥jm§Mo
_moc Vo OmUV AgV. Ë`m_wio hmoirÀ`m gUmcm Mm§Jë`m C§M dmT>cëo `m, \$io XoUmè`m
Am§ã`mgma»`m PmS>mM § r, ê$T>rÀ`m ZmdmImcr Or ~oN>yQ> VmoS> MmcV Ago, Vr Ë`m§Zm
A{O~mV ng§V Zgo. Agë`m àWm§Zm Ë`m§Mm H$S>H$ {damoY Ago. Vo åhUV, ""Aao
{ZgJm©À`m F$VwMH«$mMo gmR>-gmR>, gÎma-gÎma \o$ao nyU© hmoVmV, Voìhm Hw$R>o Aer S>ao Xo ma

lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO / 235

PmS>o V`ma hmoVmV Am{U Vwåhr Vr ~o{\$H$sanUo VmoS>Vm, `mMr ^anmB© H$emZo H$amc ?
ZdrZ cmJdS> H$am`Mr Zmhr Am{U Ho$cr, Var gmR>gÎma df} dmQ> nmhmdr, Voìhm Hw$R>o
EImXo PmS> BVHo$ _moR>o dmT>Uma. _J Aem VèhoZo d¥jg§nÎmrMr, Z¡g{J©H$ _mc_ÎmoMr
{~Z{X¸$V ZmgmS>r H$aÊ`mMm VwåhmAmåhmcm Hw$Ur A{YH$ma {Xcm ?''
Oa Hw$Ur Bg_ Am`Vo CËnÞ {_i{dÊ`mMm _mJ© åhUyZ PmS>o VmoS>yZ {dH$V Agoc,
Va lr_hmamO Ë`mcm Ë`mnmgyZ namd¥Îm H$arV AgV. Xwgam EH$ ñd^md{deof Ë`m§À`m
~mocÊ`mVyZ àH$Q> hmoV Ago; Ë`m§Zm eoVr {nH${dUmè`m ì`º$s~Ôc Img AmnwcH$s
dmQ>V Ago. EImXm _Zwî` Amncr d{S>cmonm{O©V eoVr^mVr Oa AJË`mZo gm§^mirV
Agoc dm n[al_ H$ê$Z Ë`m_Ü`o A{YH$ ^a KmcrV Agoc Va Ë`mMo `mo½` H$m¡VHw $ Vo
MmaMm¡Km§V H$arV AgV. àg§J nS>cm Va Aem ì`º$scm Ë`m§À`m àmn§{MH$ AS>MUtgmR>r
Vo Am{W©H$ _XVgwÕm XoV AgV, OoUHo $ê$Z Ë`mMo cj eoVrÀ`m ì`dgm`mdê$Z CSy> Z`o
d eoVr {dHy$Z Q>mHy$Z ZmoH$arnoemÀ`m _mJo Ë`mZo Ymdy Z`o. Ago KS>ë`mZo XoemMr AÞYmÝ`-
ñd`§nUy V© m YmoŠ`mV `oV,o Ago Ë`m§Mo gm§JUo Ago.
ZmoH$arY§ÚmVrc _Zwî` hm Oa H$V©ì`Xj Agoc d Zr{V_ÎmoMo nmcZ H$ê$Z gwpñWVrcm
nmohmoMcocm Agoc Va Ë`mÀ`m~Ôc Vo àe§gmoX>²Jma H$mT>rV AgV. AÝ`Wm n¡emcm n¡gm
OmoS>Zy _Zwî`mZo Ðì`g§M` H$aÊ`mgmR>r OJUo, `m Jmoï>rMm _mÌ Ë`m§Zm {VQ>H$mam hmoVm.
_Zwî`mMr H¥$Vr, Ë`mMo AmMaU, ho A§V:H$aUmnmgyZ Agmdo. Ë`mcm AdS>~§ amMo
ñdê$n `oVm H$m_m Z`o, Aer lr_hmamOm§Mr {eH$dU Ago. Vo ñdV: àmV:H$mir d
gm`§H$mir {Z`{_VnUo ñZmZg§Ü`m, XodnyOm, AmaVr, `m gd© Jmoï>r H$arV AgV. Ë`m§Mm
gd© {XZH«$_ hm emómkoZgw maM MmcV Ago. nU ho gd© H$aVmZm Ë`mV H$Yrhr H$_©-
H$H©$enUm OmUdV Zgo. Ë`m§Mo Am{•H$ åhUOo CËH$Q> ào_mMm, ^{º$^mdmMm Am{dîH$ma
Ago Am{U Vmo BVH$m n[aUm_H$maH$ Ago, H$s nmhmUmè`mÀ`m A§V:H$aUmMr àd¥Îmr
ZH$iV na_oœamH$S>o ìhmdr.
lr_hmamO Zoh_r åhUV H$s, ""OJr Acm¡{H$H$ Z hmoAmdo'' åhUOo AmnU {XgÊ`mV,
dmJÊ`mV Mma-Mm¡Km§à_mUo Agmdo. ømMm AW©, BVa cmoH$ H$erhr dof^yfm H$aVrc,
dm ñd¡a, emó{déÕ dV©Z H$arV AgVrc, Va Ë`m§Mo AmnU AZwH$aU H$amdo Agm
Zìho. AmnU Ho$ìhmhr Amncm Am~ amIyZM Agmdo, nU Ë`mMdoir BVam§À`m _Zmda
Amnë`m ì`{º$_ÎdmMo ~mø dof^yfÀo `m`moJo XS>nU `oBc © , Ago hmoD$ XoD$ Z`o. lr_hmamO
ñdV: H$gmoerZo hr Jmoï> nmirV AgV. gdmªer {_iyZ {_giyZ dmJÊ`mÀ`m AmS>
Ë`m§Zr Amnco {d^y{V_Ëd, _moR>no U H$YrM `oD$ {Xco Zmhr.

236 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 Q>mnQ>rn, ZrQ>ZoQ>Ho$nU, dº$eranUm `m~m~VrV Ë`m§Mo dmJUo _y{V©_§V AmXe©M
åhQ>co nm{hOo. Ë`m§Mr gm_mZmMr nÍ`mMr Q´>§H$, XmoarZo ~m§Ycocr diH$Q>r hr Á`m
ì`dpñWVnUmZo R>do cocr Ago, Vo nmhÿZM _Z W¸$ hmoD$Z OmV Ago. Ë`m§À`m d¡`{º$H$
dmnamÀ`m dñVy _moOŠ`mM AgV; na§Vw Ë`m BVŠ`m ZrQ>ZQo >Š`m d R>am{dH$ OmJrM
R>do coë`m AgV H$s Ë`m S>mi o o {_Qy>ZgwÕm Zo_Š`m OmJrM gmnS>mì`mV. nydu lr_hmamO
ñdV:Mo H$nS>o ñdV: YwdZy Vmaoda dmiV Q>mH$sV AgV. Vo H$nS>o BVHo$ ì`dpñWVnUo,
ngê$Z KmcrV AgV, H$s nmhmUmam _Zwî` Amü`m©Zo Vm|S>mV ~moQ> KmcrV Ago.
lr_hmamOm§Mo ì`{º$_Îd Aï>nc ¡ y hmoV.o Ë`m§Zm gd© Mm¡gï> H$cm AdJV hmoË`m.
Jm`Z dmXZmXr emñÌo, Á`mo{Vf, Am`wdX©o , A°cmonW° r, doXm§V, H¥${femó, B_maV~m§YUr,
{MÌH$cm, {eënH$cm Aem Ag§»` emñÌm§Mo Vo kmVo hmoV.o Ë`mMà_mUo {d{dY ^mfm§dahr
Ë`m§Mo à^wËd hmoV.o H$m`m©Mr gwgÌy AmIUr Am{U ÐþV, à^mdr H$m`©dmhr `m§_Ü`o Ë`m§Mr
~amo~ar H$ê$ eHo$c Ago CXmhaU Xw{_©i Amho.
lr_hmamOm§Mr emar[aH$ l_ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm A_`m©X hmoVr. H$ï>-Šcoe ghZ
H$aVmZm BVam§Zm Vo Ë`mMm nÎmm cmJy XoV ZgV. H$mhr doim OUy Vo _wÔm_ Amnë`mda
emar[aH$ H$ï> AmoT>dZy KoV AgV. gZ 1964 Vo 70 n`ªVÀ`m H$mcI§S>mV lr~m~m
_hmamOm§À`m O`§Vr CËgdm§V, H$moUmÀ`m Zm H$moUmÀ`m Var J¡adV©ZmMo {Z{_Îm hmoD$Z,
lr_hmamO Iyn g§VmnV AgV. hm Ë`m§Mm H«$moY BVH$m ÁdmcmJ«mhr Ago H$s, ^ë`m^ë`m§Zm
Ë`m§À`m ~¡R>H$sg_moaMm ìham§S>m Amocm§S>yZ OmÊ`mMr àmkm hmoV Zgo. Agm amJ Amcm
H$s, Vo AÞnmUr dÁ`© H$arV AgV. CËgd nyU© {X_mImV, gmJ«gJ§ rV H$m`©H$« _m§gH$Q>
Mmccocm Ago Am{U lr_hmamO _mÌ VrZ {Xdg Mma {Xdg Cndmg H$ê$Z amhmV
AgV. {Xdg-amÌ CËgdmMo {Z`moOZ, nmcIr, H$sV©Z, Amë`mJoë`mMr Mm¡H$er, àgmX
XoU,o gd© H$m`©H$« _ AJXr EHy$U EH$ `WmpñWV Mmccoco AgV; na§Vw lr_hmamOm§Mm
Cndmg BVH$m H$S>H$S>rV Ago, H$s {H$Ë`oH$Xm Vo VrW©gÕ w m àmeZ H$arV ZgV. Ho$di
Ë`mMm dmg ¿`m`Mo. ^º$m§Zr {H$Vrhr {dZdÊ`m Ho$ë`m Var Ë`mMm H$mhrhr Cn`moJ hmoV
Zgo. lr~m~m _hmamO Ooìhm Ë`m§Zm CnmofU Wm§~{dÊ`mMr Amkm H$arV, VoìhmM Vo AÞJ«hU
H$arV AgV. lr_hmamO CËgdmV \$maM H$_r åhUOo AJXr XmoZ qH$dm VrZ Vmg Pmon
KoV AgV; Ë`m§À`m ~amo~arZo H$m_ H$aUo gmoS>mM; nU Ho$di Ë`m§À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV ZwgË`m
D$R>~g H$aÊ`mZogÕ w m gd©gmYmaU _Zwî` WHy$Z OmV Ago. àË`oH$ H$m_ V§VmoVV§ `mo½`
nÕVrZoM H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ë`m§À`m AmJ«hr H$gmoQ>rcm CVaUo åhUOo {Xì`M hmoV.o ~ao, ho gd©
ZwgVo ~mocÊ`mnwaVo hmoVo åhUmdo, Va Vgohr ZìhVo. Xwgè`mZo Ho$coco H$moUVohr

lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO / 237

H$m_, Vo ñdV: OmVrZo {VWë`m {VWo, AJXr Ë`m Bg_mÀ`m g_j, Ë`mÀ`mhÿZ CÎm_
arVrZo àË`j H$ê$Z XmIdrV. Ho$a H$mTÊ`mgmaIr gmYr Jmoï> Agmo d B_maVrMo _moO_mn
KoUo Agmo, Vo H$m_ Ë`m§À`mhÿZ A{YH$ Mm§Jco H$aUo, Xwgè`mcm eŠ`M Zgo. Ë`m§Zmhr
`mMr H$ënZm hmoVrM. Ë`m_wio WmoS>rer H$ga `m _§S>itÀ`m H$m_mV amhUmaM, ho Vo
J¥hrV YarV AgV; na§Vw Ë`m§Zr ñdV:_Ü`o gVV gwYmaUm H$arV amhmdo `m hoVyZo,
àË`oH$ doir Ë`m§Zm `mo½` àH$mao gm¡å` eãXm§V g_O XoÊ`mMm Vo H§$Q>mim H$arV ZgV.
Á`m§Zr Amncm Aml` Ho$cm Amho, Vr Amncr ^º$_§S>ir, BVam§nojm gd© H$m_mV
Va~oO {XgyZ Amcr nm{hOoV, Aer AmñWm Ë`m§À`m ~mocÊ`m_Ü`o Zoh_r AmT>iZy `oB.©
lr_hmamOm§À`m àË`oH$ ^º$mda, Ë`m§À`m {eñV~Õ OrdZmMm H$_r-A{YH$ à_mUmV
R>gm C_Q>cc o m {XgVmo. Vmo ^º$ BVam§njo m doJim Agm ZOaoV ^aVmo. hr lr_hmamOm§MrM
{H$_`m åhUmdr cmJoc.
doX Am{U doXdmŠ`mZwgma dmJUmao ~«m÷U `m§À`m~Ôc Ë`m§À`m _ZmV Anma AmXa
hmoVm. ""~«m÷Umo __ X¡dV_²'' Ago Vo Zoh_r åhUV. ~«m÷Um§Zr Anma hmc Anoï>m
gmogZy doXm§Mo ajU Ho$co Amho Am{U `m~Ôc AmnU gdmªZr Ë`m§À`mR>m`r H¥$Vk am{hco
nm{hOo, Agm Ë`m§Mm AmJ«h Ago. nwÊ`mÀ`m g_m{Y_§{XamV Ë`m§Zr doXnmR>emim gwê$
Ho$cr. JmdmoJmdÀ`m doXnmR>emim d doX{dÚoMo AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ H$aUmao d¡{XH$ ~«m÷U
`m§Zm Ë`m§Zr Ana§nma Am{W©H$ gmhmæ` {Xco. H$_©_mJm©Mo Vo nwañH$V} hmoVo. g_mO
gwì`dpñWV amhm`cm nm{hOo Agoc Va H$_©_mJm©Mr H$mg gmoSy>Z MmcUma Zmhr.
cmoH$m§À`m _Zmda H$_©_mJ© R>gmdm åhUyZ nwUo d S>oadU `oWrc _§{Xam§V Ë`m§Zr AZoH$
`k`mJmXr AZwð>mZo Ho$cr. ~«m÷Um§Zm ^anya g§^mdZm-Ðì` XoD$Z Vmof{dco. ^º$_§S>ir
d Amnco AZoH$ MmhVo, `m§Zm Vo AmdOyZ© `m H$m`©H$« _m§gmR>r {Z_§{ÌV H$arV AgV;
OoUHo $ê$Z `m AZwð>mZm§À`m Xe©ZmZo Ë`m§À`m A§V:H$aUmda gwgñ§ H$ma KS>mdoV d Ë`m§À`mV
B©œa^º$s dmT>rcm cmJmdr.
lr_hmamOm§Mo amï´>ào_ ho Ë`m§À`m Y_©lÕoà_mUoM OmÁdë` hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m ^mfUmVyZ
d AmMaUmVyZ Ë`m§À`m amï´>ào_mMm àË`` doimodoir `oV Ago. Amnë`m ñWmZm§V
ñdmV§Í`{XZ d àOmgÎmmH$ {XZ `m XmoÝhr {Xder g_ma§^nydH© $ amï´>ÜdO C^maÊ`mMm
CnH«$_ Ë`m§ZrM gwê$ Ho$cm hmoVm. àË`oH$mZo `m XmoZ {Xder Hw$R>o Zm Hw$R>o Var amï´>ÜdOmcm
A{^dmXZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m gmohù`mg CnpñWV am{hcoM nm{hOo Aer Ë`m§Mr AmJ«hr ^y{_H$m
hmoVr. gZ 1940-42 À`m H$mimV lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdmV§Í`cT>çmV ^mJ KoD$Z Ë`mgmR>r
JmdmoJmd {\$ê$Z cmoH$m§Mo g§KQ>Z Ho$co hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`dra {d.Xm. gmdaH$am§~amo~a

238 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

aËZm{Jarcm Ë`m§À`m H$mhr ~¡R>H$shr Pmë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m H$mimVrc Ë`m§À`m hmcMmcr
Jwá ñdê$nmÀ`m AgV.
Ë`m§Mr dº¥$Ëde¡cr hr ~arMer ñdmV§Í`dra gmdaH$am§Mo ñ_aU H$ê$Z XoUmar, à^mdr
Am{U A§V:H$aUmcm hmV KmcUmar hmoVr. àma§^r AË`§V gmdH$me, EH$ EH$ eãX,
H$mhrem hcŠ`m nÅ>rV, Aem àH$mao Ë`m§À`m ^mfUmcm gwédmV hmoB.© hiyhiy eãXm§Mm
AmdoJ MT>V, dmT>V OmB©. lmoVo Xoh^mZ {dgê$Z àË`oH$ eãX OrdmMo H$mZ H$ê$Z EoH$V
amhmV. lr_hmamOm§À`m _wImda Am{U ñdamV, lmoË`m§À`m H$ë`mUm{df`r Vi_i Am{U
A{Zï> àd¥Îmr, AY_m©MaU, ZmpñVH$dmX, `m§Zm CISy>Z \o$Hy$Z XoUmam gmpÎdH$ Ëdof,
`m§À`m EH$mnmR>mno mR> EH$ ~XcË`m N>Q>m AmcQy>Z nmcQy>Z nmhmd`mg {_iV. ñdamÁ`
ñWmnZoÀ`m _§ÌmMm CX²>Kmof, hmVmVrc Hw$~S>r C§MmdyZ H$aUmao lrg_W© am_Xmg ñdm_r,
YramoXmÎm H$_©`moJr cmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$ Aem Wmoa {d^yVtMm gmjmËH$ma, Ë`m doir lmoË`m§Zm
lr_hmamOm§À`m ì`{º$_Îdm_YyZ KS>V Ago.
lr_hmamOm§À`m XmV¥Ëdmcm gr_m R>mD$H$ ZìhVr. cjmdYr én`m§À`m XoU½`m Ë`m§Zr
ñdV: à{gÕrnamL²>_I w amhÿZ {Xë`m. doXnmR>emim, Xodmc`o, gm_m{OH$ {hVmMo H$m`©
H$aUmè`m g§ñWm, gËàd¥Îm ì`º$s, Ym{_©H$ d ^{º$na dmL²>_`mÀ`m àH$meZ g§ñWm,
dmaH$ar g§ñWm, VrW©jÌo m§Vrc godm^mdr g§ñWm, Y_©emim, godm^mdr é½Umc`o, AÝ`
g§VgËnwéfm§Zr ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m JaOy Ym{_©H$ g§ñWm, emim H$m°cO o ,o Aem AJ{UV
g§ñWm§Zr Ë`m§À`m {Zanoj Am¡Xm`m©Mm cm^ KoVcm. ñdV: XohYmar AgVmZmM Ë`m§Zr
ñWmnZ Ho$coë`m "lr {dÇ>camd Omoer M°[aQ>rO² Q´>ñQ>' _m\©$V Ho$di g_mOmV gËàd¥ÎmtZm
AmYma {_imdm Am{U Ë`mÛmao Y_m©Mo H$m`© g_W©nUo MmcV amhmdo, `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
Anma XmZY_© Ho$cm d g_mOmda AJ{UV CnH$ma H$ê$Z R>do co.
A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`mM na§naoVrc lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m dhmiH$a
`m§Mo gV²{eî` lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a `m§À`mer lr_hmamOm§Mm AZoH$ dfmªMm
ñZoh~§Y hmoVm. Ë`m§Mo dmñVì` Agcoë`m gmdS>} (Vm.{MniyU) `m Jmdr lr_hmamO
AZoH$Xm ^oQ>rgmR>r OmV AgV. lrg§V dhmiH$a~wdm `m§À`m nwÊ`{VWr CËgdmMr
IMm©gH$Q> O~m~Xmar lr_hmamO ñdV:À`m A§Jmda KoV AgV. lrg§V grVmam_~wdm§Mr
{dMmanyg H$aUo, Ë`m§Zm hdo ZH$mo nmhmUo, ho gd© H$mhr lr_hmamO AmñWoZo H$arV AgV.
Ë`m§Zm nma_m{W©H$ _mJ©Xe©ZgwÕm H$arV AgV. lrgrVmam_~wdm§À`m CnOr{dHo$gmR>r
cJVÀ`m S>oadU JmdmV eoVO_rZ KoD$Z Ë`m§À`mgmR>r {ZdmgñWmZ ~m§YÊ`mg
lr_hmamOm§Zr gwédmVhr Ho$cr hmoVr. nU Xaå`mZ lrg§V grVmam_~wdm§Zr Xoh R>do cm

lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO / 239

(18 OmZodmar 69). Ë`m§À`m ñ_aUmW© lr_hmamOm§Zr ""lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a
M°[aQ>~o c Q´>ñQ>'' `m cmoH$godmH$m`© Am{U B©œa^º$sMm àgma `m C{Ôï>mZ§ r ào[aV, g§ñWoMr
ñWmnZm Ho$cr.
`m Q´ > ñ Q> À `m Ûmao lr_hmamOm§ Z r EH$m _hmZ H$m`m© M m, cmo H $go d o À `m,
g_mOH$ë`mUmÀ`m Am{U gZmVZ Zr{V_yë`o nwZà©ñWm{nV H$aÊ`mÀ`m Amnë`m H$m`m©Mm
nm`mM KmVcm. JmoaJar~ OZVoÀ`m AÞ, dó Am{U {Zdmam `m àmW{_H$ JaOm§Mr nyVu
H$aÊ`mg hmV^ma cmdyZ, Ë`m§Mr _Zo B©œamH$S>o didm`Mr ho Ü`o` S>moù`m§g_moa R>odyZ
lr_hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo d _mJ©Xe©ZmZo Q´>ñQ>Mo godmH$m`© gwê$ Pmco. àma§^r AÞXmZ,
dóXmZ Aem CnH«$_m§Ûmao gwédmV Pmcoë`m `m H$m`m©Mm dQ>d¥j AmO Agm àM§S>
{dñVmacm Amho, H$s AmgnmgÀ`m n§MH«$moerVrc Cno{jV IoS>Jo mdm§Mo a§Jê$nM nyUn© Uo
nmcQy>Z Joco Amho. _mo\$V H$m¡co, Km|JS>çm dmQ>n, eoVrgmR>r {dZm_yë` Jwao, {eî`d¥Î`m,
_mo\$V d¡ÚH$s` _XV, AË`mYw{ZH$ é½Umc`, Z{gªJ ñHy$c, B§JO « r _mÜ`_mMr emim
BË`mXr Ag§»` cmoH$H$ë`mUH$mar H$m_m§Mm {h_mc` nd©V AmO VoWo C^m am{hcocm
{XgV Amho. `m gdmªÀ`m _wimer lr_hmamOm§Zr Ag§»` hmcAnoï>m, emar[aH$ H$ï>
gmogZy Ho$coco n[al_, cmoH$m§Mr qZXm-{damoY ghZ H$ê$Z, {MH$mQ>rZo, Y¡`m©Zo Mmc{dcoco
{Zacg g_mOH$m`© Amho ho cjmV KoVco nm{hOo.
lrjoÌ S>ao dU `oWrc {ed-g_W©JS> Am{U {edg¥ï>r åhUOo lr_hmamOm§Mr XwXå© `
CnH«$_ercVm Am{U AÝ`m`H$mar Jw§S>nw§S> nwT>mè`m§er Ë`m§Zr I§~ranUo d ñdV:Mr
Zr{V_yë`o Z gmoS>Vm, Omo A{dñ_aUr` cT>m {Xcm, Ë`mMo _y{V©_§V àVrH$ Amho.
VimJmimVrc JmoaJar~, _moc_Owar H$ê$Z CXa{Zdm©h H$aUmao eoV_Oya, lr_hmamOm§À`m
hñVjonm_wi,o `m danm§Jr à{V{ð>VnUmMm ~waIm nm§Kê$Z, ZmS>cëo `m OZVoMo emofU
H$aUmè`m nwT>mar _§S>itÀ`m OmoIS>mnmgyZ _wº$ Pmco. ñdV:Mo {hVg§~§Y A~m{YV
amhmdoV åhUyZ `m nwT>mè`m§Zr lr_hmamO d Q´>ñQ> `m§À`mda ~{hîH$ma KmcÊ`mMr
JmdH$è`m§da gº$s Ho$cr. Ë`mgmR>r J«m_X¡dVmdarc Ë`m§À`m ^m~S>çm lÕoMm `m amOH$s`
nwT>mè`m§Zr hdm Vgm J¡a\$m`Xm CR>dcm.
nU lr_hmamO Oamhr Z S>J_JVm `m g§Kfm©cm gm_moao Joc.o àË`oH$ AS>MUtda
{ZYm©a Am{U {hH$_VrZo _mV H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr Amnco H$m`© {gÕrg ZocoM. nwT>o cmoH$m§Zmhr
Amnco Iao {hVajH$ H$moU AmhoV ho C_Jco Am{U _J AmnmoAmnM Ë`m nwT>mè`m§Mo
IƒrH$aU Pmco. Ë`mZ§Va Q´>ñQ>À`m H$m`m©cm àM§S> JVr cm^cr. AmO Q´>ñQ>Mo Zmd
KoVë`m{edm` S>oadU-gmdS>} n[agamMr AmoiIM gm§JVm `oUma Zmhr, BVHo$

240 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

lr_hmamOm§Mo H$m`© gd©ñneu ~Zco Amho.
Ago A{daV B©œar H$m`© H$arV, XohmMm H$U Z H$U gX²>Jwégodm Am{U namonH$ma
`m§gmR>r doMUmè`m lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr, d¡emI dÚ à{VnXm eH$ 1911;
a{ddma, {XZm§H$ 21 _o 1989 amoOr _hmg_mYrMm A§JrH$ma Ho$cm. Ë`m§À`m gX²Jéw ৠ_mUoM
Ë`m§À`mhr nm{W©dmda g_m{Y_§{XamÀ`m AmdmamVM Img nadmZJr H$mTy>Z, Am¡Üd©X{o hH$
g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m OmJoda AmO Ë`m§Mo gwaI o g_m{Y_§{Xa C^maÊ`mV Amco
Amho. Ë`m§Mo {eî` d ^º$_§S>ir `m {R>H$mUr Ë`m§Mr O`§Vr d nwÊ`{VWr gmOar
H$aÊ`mgmR>r _moR>çm g§»`oZo O_V AgVmV.
("Vy{§ M ~mn YZr' `m M[aÌJ«W§ mMo AmYmao)
***

XmXa `oWo "lr§' Zt Ho$bobm CnXoe

(gZ 1979_Ü`o lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr "gw`moJ,' XmXa, _w§~B© `oWo

^º$m§Zm Ho$bobm ghO CnXoe, Á`m_Ü`o gX²Jwé§Mm _{h_m dU©Z Ho$bm.)
"lrgX²Jwé ~m~m ho AmH$med¥Îmrbmhr {JiyZ, AI§S> AmË_mZwg§YmZ _¾ Pmbo
hmoVo. AmH$med¥Îmr åhUOo gX²Jwéê$nr B©œamda nyU© ^ma Q>mHy$Z OrdZ ì`VrV H$aUo.
Amnë`m {ZH$S>rÀ`m H$moUË`mhr JaOm§~Ôb Hw$UmH$S>ohr H$mhr _mJmd`mMo Zmhr, CgZo
_mJmd`mMo Zmhr, Cnmg_ma Pmbr Var {MS>m`Mo Zmhr qH$dm emoH$hr H$amd`mMm Zmhr.
Ho$di na_oœamda ^ma Q>mHy$Z gXmgd©H$mi AmZ§XmV amhmÊ`mMr d¥Îmr Omonmgmd`mMr
åhUOo _wimVM V`mar nm{hOo. H$maU nwT>rb AZw^d nmofH$ Zgbo Va hr d¥Îmr ~imdV
Z OmVm AmogaVo. åhUyZ Ho$di ÑT> lÕmM AgyZ ^mJV Zmhr Va ~më`d¥Îmrhr ñdrH$mamdr
bmJVo. Ogm EImXm Ý`m`mYre AkmZ nmë`mbm Vmo gkmZ hmoBn© `ªV åhUOo YZXm¡bVrMm
gm§^mi H$am`bm nmÌ hmoBn© `ªV, EImÚm kmZr nmbH$mÀ`m hmVr gmon{dVmo, Ë`mà_mUo
Vmo na_oœa, ^ŠVmbm gX²Jéw À§ `m ñdmYrZ H$aVmo. Vo _yb qH$dm Vmo ^ŠV gX²Jéw ê$nr
nmbH$mda lÕm d ào_ R>do Zy dmJbm Va Ë`mMr CÞVr hmoVo d ñdmZ§XmMr, AmË_kmZmMr
YZXm¡bV hmVmer `oV.o nU Ago Oar Pmbo Var Ë`m YZàmßVrMm Jd© H$ê$ Z`o. ~mbd¥Îmr,
AmH$med¥Îmr, ñdmZ§Xrd¥Îmr BË`mXr d¥Îmr lr~m~m§Zr ñdV: eodQ>n`ªV AmMmaë`m, BVŠ`m
H$s eodQ>r Vo Ë`m d¥ÎmtÀ`mhr nbrH$S>o Job.o AmÜ`mpË_H$ OrdZmÀ`m dmQ>MmbrV hmoUmè`m
Amnë`m àJVr~Ôb AmnU H$Yrhr \w$emê$Z OmD$ Z`o d BVam§nwT>ohr \w$emaH$s _mê$

lrgX²>Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO / 241

Z`o. H$maU EH$m_mJyZ EH$ Aem {Xì`mVyZ gmYH$mbm Omdo bmJVo. Ë`mÀ`mda gmaIo
hmVmoS>o R>moH$bo OmVmV. qH$~hþZm Oer Oer ^Jd§VmMr H¥$nm AdVaVo, Ver Ver
narjm nmhmUmar g§H$Q>ho r Am@@ dmgyZ nwT>o C^r amhmVmV. Aem doir eaUmJV ~mbd¥Îmr
Cn`moJr nS>V.o lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Aem VèhoÀ`m AZoH$ {Xì`mVyZ Jobo d lrñdm_r
g_WmªÀ`m gVVÀ`m OmUrdnydH© $ Zm_ñ_aUmZo d nyU© lÕoZo Vo nmahr nS>b.o lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO H$m` qH$dm lrgX²Jwé ~m~m H$m`, XmoKm§Zrhr Eo{hH$ d¡^dmH$S>o nmR> {\$a{dbr d
Vo AË`wƒnXr OmD$Z ~gbo. H$maU `m {dœmMo nmbZ H$aÊ`mg Omo g_W© Amho, Vmo
PmonS>rV amhmUmè`m J[a~mMo nmbZnmofU H$aUma Zmhr H$m` ? Omo àM§S> g¡Ý` amIy
eH$Vmo, Vmo H$m` H$m_JmamMm nJma XoD$ eH$Uma Zmhr ? Zìho, Vmo ZwgVmM gm_Ï`©dmZ
Zmhr, Va X`miy AgyZ ^º$mÀ`m ewÕ ^mdmMm ^wH$o bm Amho, Aer lr~m~m§Mr qH$dm
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm§Mr ÑT> lÕm hmoVr.'
`mZ§Va lr_hmamOm§Zr nwT>rb A^§J åhUyZ XmI{dbm.
gX²Jwê§$Mr H¥$nm-Ñï>r å`m§ ~mObr Ÿ& Z^t {dIwabr _moVr gd© Ÿ&&
gmo{Z`mMm Mya ewÕ {MÎm {Xgo Ÿ& dñVyVo àH$meo H¡$emnar Ÿ&&
AJ{UV Amo{Vbo Anma Ÿ& AI§S> {Z_©b ~«÷ê$nŸ &&
nO©Ý`mÀ`m Ymam A^«mdrU nS>o Ÿ& XoIUo ho ~wS>o AmnUm§_mOr Ÿ&&
kmZXod åhUo H$m` gm§Jy IyU Ÿ& {Zd¥Îmrgr Xo{Ibo _mJo nwT>o Ÿ&&
Z§Va lr_hmamO åhUmbo, "hm AZw^d Koerb Voìhm VoWo Amåhr Agy.'
***

~moYdMZo
* Vwåhr EH$gmaIo _mÂ`mH$S>o H$emcm `oVm ? {eî` JwéOdi
{MH$Qy>Z ~gmdm cmJV Zmhr. Vmo Ë`mÀ`m ~moYmcm {MH$Qy>Z am{hcm
nm{hOo.
* ~mîH$i ~mocy Z`o. gX²>Jéw Z§ r gm§{JVcoco Zm_ KoV Omdo.
* gX²>Jé
w À§ `m ^oQ>rcm AmXë`m OÝ_mMr AmoiI d nwÊ`mB© hdr.
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

242 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo Mmccoco H$m`©
lr_hmamO gZ 1989 _Ü`o g_m{YñW Pmë`mZ§Vahr Ë`m§Zr Ama§^ Ho$coë`m Ym{_©H$
d godmH$m`m©Mm àdmh Hw$§ R>rV Z hmoVm, A{YH$M Omo_mZo d CËgmhmZo dmT>V am{hcm.
à{Vdfu gáeVr à_wI n§Mm`VZ `mJm§Mr e¥I § cm AI§S> MmcV Amcr. gZ 1992
_Ü`o Va Acm¡{H$H$ Agm cjM§S>r `k lr~m~m _hmamOm§À`m g_m{Y_§{XamV KSy>Z
Amcm.
lrjoÌ S>ao dUÀ`m ñWmZmV lrXÎm _§{Xa (1990), lrkmZZmW _§{Xa (1993),
lrñdm_r g_W© - lram_ _§{Xa (1996) hr _§{Xao C^r am{hcr. `m gd© _§{Xam§À`m
{Z{_©VrÀ`m AZwfJ§ mZo àË`oH$ doir chmZ_moR>r `k`mJmXr AZwð>mZo XoIrc KSy>Z Amcr.
gZ 1993 _Ü`o lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo OÝ_J«m_r nmo_S| >r ~w.(aËZm{Jar)
`oWrc nwamVZ lram_ _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. lr_hmamOm§À`m KamÊ`mMo ho
ñdV:Mo am_ _§{Xa Amho. lr_hmamOm§Mo Cnmñ` X¡dV lram_ à^y hmoV.o AZoH$ àg§Jr `m
_§{XamVrc nyOmAMm© ~§X nS>Ê`mMr doi Amcr AgVmZm lr_hmamOm§Zr ñdV: cj
KmcyZ ñdIMm©Zo nyOm Mmc{dcr hmoVr.
AgoM Xwgao EH$ _§{Xa åhUOo ImZy (aËZm{Jar) `oWrb lrXod ^dmZr Jm§Joœa
_hmXodmMo _§{Xa hmo`. `m _§{XamV lr_hmamO AZoH$Xm CnmgZm H$arV AgV. ho gwÕm
\$ma nwamVZ AgyZ OrU© Pmcoco hmoVo. `m _§{XamMmhr OrUm}Õma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. gw_mao
~mameo Mm¡ag \w$Q>mMm hm°c d H$mMoMm Aï>H$moZr Jm^mam Ago AmVm `m _§{XamMo ñdê$n
Amho. lrJOmZZ, _mVm nmd©Vr d Z§Xr `m ZdrZ _yVvMr emómoº$ àmUà{Vð>m H$aÊ`mV
Amcr. {X.22, 23 d 24 _mM© 2001 `m H$mcmdYrV H$sV©ZàdMZm§g{hV hm gmohim
gmOam Pmcm. Jm^mè`mV lr_hmamOm§À`m _moR>çm AmH$mamVrc à{V_oMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV
Amcr. `m gmohù`mMo {Z{_ÎmmZo gw_mao 1500 ^{JZtZm gmS>çm XoÊ`mV Amë`m.
lr_hmamOm§Zr nwUo `oWrc g_m{Y_§{XamV chmZ à_mUmV doXnmR>emioMm Ama§^
Ho$cm hmoVm. AmO Ë`m nmR>emiogh lrjoÌ S>ao dU `oWrc _§{XamVXoIrc doXnmR>emim
Mmc{dcr OmVo. XmoÝhr {R>H$mUr gw_mao nÞmg {dÚmÏ`mªMr ^moOZ, {Zdmg, H$nS>mcÎmm,
A§Wê$U-nm§Kê$U, Am¡fYmonMma `mgh , {dZmewëH$ ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amho.
`m {dÚmÏ`mªMm Aä`mg VgoM gdmªJrU àJVrH$S>,o ì`{º$JV cj nwa{dco OmV AgVo.
`m{edm` Aem àH$mao g_{n©V arVrZo H$m`©aV AgUmè`m AÝ` doXnmR>emim§Zm hr

lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§À`m àoaUoZo Mmccoco H$m`© / 243

g§ñWm, amoI AZwXmZ XoÊ`mMo d«VXoIrc MmcdrV Amho.
lrjoÌ S>ao dU `oWo g§ñWoÀ`m dVrZo B§JO « r _mÜ`_mMr àmW{_H$ d _mÜ`{_H$ emim
Mmc{dcr OmVo. `oWrc {dÚmÏ`mªMr Aä`mgmà_mUoM AœmamohU, EAa-am`\$c eyqQ>J,
{d{dY Ioi, H$cmä`mg Aem AZoH$ joÌmV cjUr` àJVr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mV `oV AgVo.
{deof åhUOo `oWrc ewëH$ ho AJXrM Zm__mÌ åhUmdo BVHo$ H$_r Amho.
VoWrc é½Umc`mÀ`m n[agamV, Z{gªJ {S>ßcmo_m, nr.Or.S>r.E_.Ec.Q>r.,
S>mŠ° Q>gg© mR>r nXì`wÎma {S>ßcmo_m `m§À`m {ejUmMr gmo`gwÕm g§ñWoZo H$ê$Z {Xcr Amho.
`m gd© {dÚmÏ`mªH$[aVm hm°ñQ>c o Mr VgoM _ogMr gw{dYmhr AË`ën ewëH$mV CncãY
Amho.
lrjoÌ S>ao dUÀ`m ñWmZmV g§ñWoV\}$ Aà{V_ Jmoemim Mmc{dÊ`mV `oV.o VoWo AmJ«hmZo
gd© ewÕ Xoer d§emÀ`mM Jmode § mMo à{VnmcZ Ho$co OmVo. `m JmoemioVZy n¡Xmg hmoUmao,
eoVrH$m_mÀ`m `mo½` Agcoco ~¡c, VgoM Xw^Ë`m JmB©, JaOyZ§ m {dZm_yë` na§Vw H$mhr
AQ>tda {Xë`m OmVmV. Ë`m JmoYZmMm gm§^mi AmñWoZo ìhmdm, hmM hoVy Ë`m AQ>t_mJo
AgVmo.
lrg§V grVmam_~wdm dmcmdcH$a M°[aQ>~o c Q´>ñQ>À`m {dÚ_mZo à{Vdfu H$nS>mcÎmm,
{eî`d¥Î`m, _mo\$V Km|JS>çm/_§Jcmoar H$m¡co, emim§Zm emñÌr` CnH$aUo, g§JUH$,
~mcdmS>çm§Zm IoiUr, Q>H± $aZo dmS>çmdmS>çm§VZy nmUrnwadR>m, ñdñV XamV YmÝ`/Voc/
S>mir/gmIa `m§Mm nwadR>m ho H$m`© AI§S> Am{U d{Y©îUy ñdê$nmV MmcVM Amho.
S>ao dU n[agamVrc ~mcJmonmim§Zm IoiÊ`mgmR>r CÚmZmMr {ZVm§V JaO hmoVr. `mgmR>r
Q´>ñQ>Zo gw_mao gmS>Vo rZ EH$a joÌ\$imda EH$ gwX§ a ~JrMm "lrñdm_r g_W© CÚmZ' `m
ZmdmZo {Z_m©U Ho$cm. `oWo H¥${Ì_ Y~Y~m, Pmonmio, KgaJwS§ >çm, _o[a-Jmo-amD§$S>, gr-
gm° \$ir Aer H«$sS>mgmYZo, {hadi`wº$ nm`dmQ>m, a§JrV àH$mePmoVmVrc H$ma§Or,
lr_X²OJX²Jéw AmÚ e§H$amMm`mªMo _§{Xa, `m gdmªZr CÚmZ AË`§V emo{^d§V H$aÊ`mV
Amco Amho. {XZm§H$ 18/12/1994 amoOr `m CÚmZmMo CX²>KmQ>Z Pmco, VoìhmnmgyZ
ñWm{ZH$ ~mcJmonmi Ë`mMm AmZ§X cwQ>V AmhoV.
lrg§V {XJ§~a~m~m dhmiH$a `m§Mo g_m{Y_§{Xa g§ñWoZo ZdrZ ~m§YZy eoOmarM N>mQo >go o
lrhZw_V§ mMo _§{Xahr ~m§Yco Amho. `m _§{XamV à{Vdfu MH«$s^OZ, H$sV©Zo Ago H$m`©H$« _hr
hmoV AgVmV. gmdS>} hÔrVrc lrXod XÎm _§{XamMm OrUm}Õma XoIrc Q´>ñQ>Zo Ho$cm Amho.
lr{edg_W© JS>mMo àdoeÛma nwÝhm Zì`mZo ~m§YÊ`mV Amco Amho. VoWrc
g^m_§S>nmda H$m±H$« sQ>Mr ñc°~ KmcyZ Ë`mcm A{YH$ Mm§Jco ñdê$n {Xco Amho. ZdrZ

244 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

nÕVrMr àH$me`moOZm, {edg_W© JS>mVrc {^Îmr{eënm§Mr emo^m A{YH$M dmT>drV
Amho. gmdS>m© ~mOmanoR>oV Q´>ñQ>Zo EH$m gwaoI _méVr _§{XamMr C^maUr Ho$cr. (gZ
1997). H$mù`m nmfmUmVrc "dra _méVr'À`m _yVuMr `oWo {d{YdV à{Vð>mnZm Ho$cr
Jocr. Jocr AZoH$ df} `m _§{XamnmgyZM lr{edO`§Vr CËgdmMr {_adUyH$ gwê$ hmoV.o
lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr `oWyZ {_adUyH$ H$mTy> Z`o åhUyZ àIa, qhgH$ {damoY
H$aUmè`m ñWm{ZH$ {damoYH$m§Mm {~_moS> hmoD$Z, gZ 1996 nmgyZ hr {_adUyH$ {X_mImV,
\$Q>mHo$, T>moc-Vmeo, coPr_ nWHo$, Pm§OnWHo$ `m§À`mgh {Zd}YnUo {ZKV AgVo.
nwÊ`mVrc lrgX²Jéw lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mo _§{XamV XoIrc lram_M§Ð {Zdmg, lrhZw_V§
{Zdmg, A§JX{Zdmg, AmXr ZdrZ {Zdmg gw{dYm§Zr `wº$ B_maVr Cä`m am{hë`m AmhoV.
_mVm gm¡.OmZH$s~mB© Am¡fYmc`mcmhr `m_wio ZdrZ d àeñV OmJm cm^cr Amho.
g_m{Y_§{XamMo ^ì` àdoeÛma, amOñWmZr {eënH$mam§H$Sy>Z Zì`mZo C^maÊ`mV Amco.
Ë`mcm Pw§~ao d ZmdrÝ`nyU© àH$me`moOZoMr OmoS>hr XoÊ`mV Amcr. àdoeÛmamÀ`m
~m§YUrÀ`mM nR>S>rVrc ~m§YH$m_ H$ê$Z, ZdrZ H$ma§Oo V`ma Ho$co Amho. lr~m~m
_hmamOm§Mo _§{XamÀ`m àdoeÛmamV XJS>r hÎmr ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Amco AmhoV. {edm`
_§{XamMm Mm¡Wam Mmahr ~mOyZ§ r H$moard hÎmtZr gwemo{^V H$ê$Z, _§{Xa Ë`m hÎmtZrM
{eamda VmocZy Yaë`mMm Am^mg {Z_m©U Ho$cm Amho. _§{XamÀ`m g^mJ¥hmV, q^Vr§da
lr~m~m _hmamOm§Mr d lrAmB©gmho~m§Mr V¡c{MÌo, Img H$adyZ KoD$Z cmdÊ`mV Amcr
AmhoV.
_§{XamVrc `k`mJ d à_wI CËgdàg§Jr Cn`moJr nS>mdo åhUyZ _moR>çm AmH$mamMo
d Amdí`H$ gmo`rgw{dYm§Zr gwgÁO Ago H$m`_ñdê$nr AÞnyUm©Jh¥ (ñd`§nmH$Ka)
~m§YÊ`mV Amco Amho. gw_mao nmM hOma _mUgm§Mo ^moOZ `m {R>H$mUr ghOVoZo ìhmdo,
BVH$s `mMr j_Vm Amho.
***

A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xa (A§Yoar)

lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Mo gV²{eî` d _w~§ B©Vrc AJ«JÊ` ~m§YH$m_ CÚmoOH$
^º$loð> H$_cmH$an§V dmcmdcH$a `m§À`m _o.g_W© S>ìo hcn_|Q> H$m°nm}ae
o ZZo gZ 1978-
79 _Ü`o EH$ \$ma _moR>m ~m§YH$m_ àH$ën hmVr KoVcm hmoVm. _w§~B©Vrc Amo{edam
(A§Yao r) `oWrc ImS>r/ImaO{_ZrV ^amd KmcyZ Ë`m Zdg§nm{XV O{_Zrda eoH$S>mo

A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xa (A§Yoar) / 245

B_maVr Cä`m hmoUma hmoË`m. H$m_mg gwédmV hmoÊ`mnydu lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr
H$_cmH$an§Vm§Mo H$adr Ë`m ^y_rda EH$ ghòM§S>rgh n§Mm`VZ `mJ H$a{dcm hmoVm
(gZ 1979). Ë`m `kmV lr_hmamOm§Zr `kr` XodVm-nrR>mMo eoOmar lrñdm_r g_WmªMr
EH$ ^ì` à{V_m ñWmnZ Ho$cr hmoVr. `k gmohim AmQ>mno ë`mda Ë`m§Zr lr.dmcmdcH$a
gmho~m§Zm Ë`m OmJoda lrñdm_r g_WmªMo EH$ _§{Xa ~m§Ymd`mg gm§{JVco. Ë`mZwgma
Ë`m§Zr Vm~S>Vmo~ Ë`m OmJr EH$ chmZgo _§{Xa ~m§YZy Ë`mV lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m ^ì`
à{V_oMr ñWmnZm H$ê$Z, nyOm AMm© H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$m ~«m÷UmMr {Z`wº$s Ho$cr. eoOmarM
EH$ N>mQo >rer, nU gd© \w$cPmS>,o ~oc-Vwig-Xydm© `m gh \w$c~mJ ~Z{dcr. Aem
VèhoZo lr_hmamOm§Zr ào[aV Ho$coco _§{Xa C^o am{hco. Xaå`mZ ZdrZ B_maVrhr Cä`m
am{hë`m. AmgnmgMr AZoH$ _§S>ir {Z`{_V lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m Xe©ZmgmR>r `oD$
cmJcr.
lr_hmamOm§ZrM `m Zì`mZo dgcoë`m ZJamcm lrñdm_r g_W© ZJa Ago Zmd XoÊ`mg
gm§{JVco. Aem VèhoZo _§{XamÀ`m Amgnmg ~arM cmoH$dñVr dgcr, na§Vw _§{Xa VgoM
chmZgo amhÿZ Joco hmoV.o Ë`m_wio lrH$mH$m _hmamO `m§À`m gm§JÊ`mZwgma lr.dmcmdcH$a
gmho~m§Zr Ë`m OmJoda ^ì` _§{Xa C^maÊ`mMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co. {XZm§H$ 2 gßQ>|~a 1994
amoOr _§{XamMo ^y{_nyOZ lr.dmcmdcH$a gmho~m§À`m ew^hñVo Am{U lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamOm§À`m AmkoZgw ma g§nÞ Pmco. cJoMM PnmQ>çmZo ~m§YH$m_mg gwédmV Pmcr.
amOñWmZ_Yrc _H$amZm `oWrc ImUt_Ycm g§J_ada AmUcm Jocm. Ë`mMo
H$cmHw$garMo H$m_ H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$mamJrahr VoWZy M AmUco hmoV.o Jm^mè`mMm ZjrXma
cmH$S>r XadmOm d lrñdm_tMr _oKS>~§ ar KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r {hamcmc ZmdmMm amOñWmZr
H$mamJra Amnë`m _XV{Zgm§~amo~a gVV VrZ _{hZo InV hmoVm. Xe©Z_§S>nmÀ`m N>Vmda
ßcmñQ>a Am°\$ n°[agMr ^ì`, àH$m{eV ñdpñVH$mH¥$Vr H$aÊ`mV Amcr. _§{XamMo
ZmdrÝ`nyU© {eIa d dmñVw{eënmË_H$ aMZm `m§gh ho _§{Xa, Ad¿`m nmM _{hÝ`m§À`m
H$mcmdYrV nyU© Pmco. hr EH$ {deofM Jmoï> Pmcr.
e{Zdma, {XZm§H$ 18 \o$~«dw mar 1995; _mK H¥$Ÿ&& 3 eH$ 1916 `m {Xder doX_yVu
qH$OdS>Ho $a JwéOr, doX_yVu H$moVdS>Ho $a JwéOr, doX_yVu \$UgiH$a JwéOr AmXr g§nU
y ©
qhXwñWmZmV AJ«JÊ` JUë`m OmUmè`m d¡{XH$ {dàloð>mÀ§ `m CnpñWVrV Am{U doX_yVu
gào JwéOtÀ`m nm¡amo{hË`mImcr lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§À`m hñVo dmñVwem§Vr d "lt'À`m
nmXwH$m§Mr àmUà{Vð>m `m§Zm Ama§^ Pmcm. `m_Ü`o dmñVwàmgmXmcm qhXwñWmZmVrc gd©
ZÚm, g_wÐ, VrW©jÌo o `m§Vrc n{dÌ Oc, _mZggamodamVrc _¥{ÎmH$m `m§Zr `wº$ Aem

246 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

81 H$cem§Zr _§JcñZmZ KmcÊ`mV Amco. _§{XamÀ`m àdoeÛmamer _m§Jë`gyMH$ åhUyZ
Mma gdËg YoZM §y o XmohZ H$ê$Z Ë`m XwYmV {eO{dcoë`m ^mVmMm Z¡dÚ o H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
_w~§ mnwarVrc CnpñWV ^m{dH$m§Zm ho gd© {dYr àW_M nmhmd`mg {_iÊ`mMm `moJ Amcm.
_mK dŸ&& 5 eH$ 1916; _§Jidma, {XZm§H$ 20 \o$~«dw mar 1995 amoOr ltÀ`m _yVuMr
_§{XamV à{Vð>mnZm Pmcr. Z ^yVmo Z ^{dî`Vr Agm hm gmohim Pmcm. gw_mao Xhm hOma
^m{dH$m§Zr `m {Xder _hmàgmXmMm cm^ KoVcm. gm`§H$mir ehamVrc AZoH$ à{V{ð>V
ì`º$s, CÚmoOH$, cmoH$ à{V{ZYr, nwT>mar _§S>itZm àgmXmgmR>r {Z_§{ÌV Ho$co hmoV.o
_§{Xamg_moaÀ`m [aH$må`m ßcm°Q>_Ü`o Ë`m§À`m H$[aVm ^moOZn«gmXmMr ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV
Amcr hmoVr.
`m gmohù`mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo {XZm§H$ 17 Vo 19 \o$~«dw mar 1995, `m H$mimV amÌm¡
lrñdm_r g_W© g§àXm`mMo _mhmËå` {deX H$aUmar àdMZo Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Amcr
hmoVr. CËgd H$mimV _§{Xamg_moarc {VÝhr {Xem§Zm OmUmè`m añË`m§da Xyan`ªV ZoÌXrnH$
amofUmB© H aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr.
_yVu-à{Vð>mnZoÀ`m Xwgè`m {XdgmnmgyZ {XZm§H$ 21 Vo 26 \o$~«dw mar 1995 `m
H$mimV lrgáeVr hdZ à_wI n§Mm`VZ `mJmMm àma§^ Pmcm. aËZm{Jar, Jmodm, nwU,o
½dmëhoa, JmoH$U© Aem {d{dY {R>H$mUm§hZÿ gw_mao gmS>Vo rZeo ~«m÷U `m `kmgmR>r AmñWoZo
CnpñWV hmoV.o añË`mnbrH$S>o Ë`m H$mimV _moH$ù`m Agcoë`m ßcm°Q>_Ü`o Ë`m§À`mgmR>r
_§S>n KmcyZ {Zdmg-ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. eoOmarM ñZmZJ¥h,o Mmodrg Vmg
Ja_ nmUr, em¡MHy$n, H$nS>o dmi{dÊ`mgmR>r Xmoè`m, Mncm§Mo ñQ>S± > BË`mXr EHy$U EH$
ì`dñWm g‚m R>do cocr hmoVr.
`m CËgdmÀ`m H$mcmdYrV Pmcoë`m AZwð>mZm§_Ü`o, lrgáeVr hdZ (7000 nmR>),
lrJUnVr AWd©erf© (1 cj AmdV©Zo d 10 hOma AmdV©Zm§Mo hdZ), lrgm¡agyº$,
_Ý`wgºy $, nd_mZ, éÐ (gdmªMo nmR> d Xem§e hdZ) `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm.
{XZm§H$ 24 \o$~«dw mar amoOr _§{XamgÝ_wI amÌm¡ H$sV©Z Pmco. Xwgao {Xder ^OZ hmoV.o
a{ddma, {XZm§H$ 26 \o$~«dw mar 1995 amoOr gH$mir 11 dmOVm `kmMr nyUm©hVÿ r Pmcr.
Ë`m {Xder _w~§ B©Vrc VgoM naJmdÀ`m hOmamo ^m{dH$m§Zr _hmàgmXmMm cm^ KoVcm.
VoìhmnmgyZ à{Vdfu `m _§{XamV _hm{edamÌ, lr~rS>H$a _hmamO O`§Vr, lrñdm_r
O`§Vr/nwÊ`{VWr, lram_ Zd_r, lrhZw_mZ O`§Vr, lrJUoemoËgd, ZdamÌmoËgd,
lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO ñ_¥{V{XZ, Ë`mMà_mUo JwT>r nmS>dm, ZmJ n§M_r, Xgam,
AmXrH$ê$Z gd© gU {XZ{deof gmOao hmoVmV.

A¸$cH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xa (A§Yoar) / 247

 `m _§{XamV {XZm§H$ 29 _o 2006 Vo 25 Owc¡ 2006 `m H$mcmdYrV doX_yVu
`moJoœa ~moaH$a JwéOr `m§Zr F$½doX g§{hVoMo KZnmam`U Ho$co. `m nmam`UmV "lmoVm'
nXmda doX_yVu XÎmmÌo` nm§.ZdmWo JwéOr A{Y{ð>V hmoV.o nmam`UmMm àma§^ doXemóg§nÞ
JUoœaemñÌr X«{dS> JwéOr (dmamUgr) `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImcr Pmcm. KZnmam`UmÀ`m
gm§JVm g_ma§^mV g§ñWoÛmao n.ny.lrH$mH$m_hmamO `m§À`m hñVo doX_yVu `moJoœa ~moaH$a
`m§Mm _mZnÌ d "lrg_W©-doXdm[aYr' hr nXdr XoD$Z gËH$ma Ho$cm Jocm. Ë`m§À`mg_doV
doX_yVu ZdmWo JwéOr, doX_yVu dg§Vamd \$S>H$o JwéOr, doX_yVu H$moVdS>Ho $a JwéOr AmXr
{dÛmZ d¡{XH$m§Mmhr gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
`m gËH$mag^oMo AÜ`jñWmZ n§{S>V àda lr.~iram_emór ewŠc (dmamUgr)
`m§Zr ^yf{dco hmoVo.
lrñdm_r g_WmªÀ`m _w~§ mnwarVrc à_wI _§{Xam§_Ü`o A§Yao rMo lrgX²>Jéw {XJ§~aXmg
_hmamO ào[aV lrñdm_r g_W© _§{Xa àmYmÝ`mZo JUco OmVo. ^m{dH$m§MmgwÕm _§{XamVrc
CËgdmXr H$m`©H$« _m§Zm _ZmnmgyZ à{VgmX {_iVmZm {XgyZ `oV AgVmo.
***

^º$loð> H$.c.dmcmdcH$a é½Umc` d amoJ{ZXmZ H|$Ð

lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamOm§Zr lrjoÌ S>oadUÀ`m n[agamVrc OZVoÀ`m
Amamo½`godogmR>r EH$ AÚ`mdV é½Umc`mMm g§H$ën Ho$cm hmoVm. S>oadUcm ZOrH$
AgUmar "eoarMm _mi' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIcr OmUmar O_rZ Ë`m§Zr nyduM IaoXr
H$ê$Z R>odcr hmoVr. gZ 1977 nmgyZMm hm g§H$ën gË`mV CVacm gw_mao AR>am
dfmªZ§Va. g§ñWoÀ`m AÝ` CnH«$_m§À`m VwcZoZo hm \$maM _moR>m d I{M©H$ àH$ën
Agë`m_wio BVH$m H$mcmdYr OmUo ñdm^m{dH$ hmoV.o e{Zdma, {XZm§H$ 24 OyZ 1995
amoOr n.ny.lrH$mH$m _hmamOm§À`m CnpñWVrV lr.dmcmdcH$a gmho~ `m§Mo hñVo
é½Umc`mMo ^y{_nyOZ Pmco. doX_yVu qH$OdS>Ho $a JwéOr d doX_yVu gào JwéOr `m§Zr
doX_§ÌmoÀMmanyd©H$ `m àg§Jr nm¡amo{hË` Ho$co.
^y{_nyOZmZ§Va doJmZo ~m§YH$m_mg gwédmV Pmcr. Ad¿`m ghm _{hÝ`mV
é½Umc`mMr B_maV nyU© Pmcr. {XZm§H$ 13 OmZodmar 1996 amoOr é½Umc`mÀ`m
B_maVrMr dmñVwem§Vr H$aÊ`mV `oD$Z VoWM o ghòM§S>r-hdZ-à_wI n§Mm`VZ `mJhr
H$aÊ`mV Amcm. {XZm§H$ 18 OmZodmar 1996 amoOr `kmMr nyUm©hVþ r Pmcr. _mK ew&&Ÿ12

248 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

eH$ 1917; Jwédma, {XZm§H$ 1 \o$~«dw mar 1996 amoOr Xwnmar 1-40 `m ew^_whVÿ m©da
é½Umc`mMm J¥hàdoe gmohim Pmcm. gm`§H$mir nmM dmOVm _§{Ì_hmoX`, Hw$cJwé d
AÝ` _mÝ`dam§À`m CnpñWVrV lr.dmcmdcH$a gmho~m§À`m nyUm©H$¥ Vr _yVug_moa Xrn
à‚dcZ H$ê$Z é½Umc`mÀ`m Zm_\$cH$mMo AZmdaU H$aÊ`mV Amco. gX²Jéw ^º$s Am{U
Am¡Xm`© `m§Mm AmXe© emo^Umè`m, lr.dmcmdcH$a gmho~m§Mr ñ_¥Vr {Ma§VZ OVZ ìhmdr,
`m hoVZy o é½Umc`mMo Zm_H$aU ""^º$loð> H$.c.dmcmdcH$a é½Umc` d amoJ{ZXmZ
H|$Ð'' Ago H$aÊ`mV Amco.
`m é½Umc`mV Ama§^mnmgyZ EŠg-ao, AëQ´>mgmD§$S> _erZ, gr.Q>r.ñH°$Z, gwg‚m
n°Wm°cm°Or c°~ AmXr AÚ`mdV gw{dYm amIÊ`mV Amë`m hmoË`m. AmO{_Vrg g_ñV
H$moH$UnÅ>rMo ^yfU R>acoë`m `m é½Umc`mV, AhmoamÌ H°$Á`wAëQ>r, ZdOmV A^©H$m§gmR>r
Am`.gr.`y, OZac Am`.gr.`y., ñnm`ac gr.Q>r.ñH°$Z, Qw>-S>r BH$moH$m{S>`© m°Jm« \$s, H$ca
S>mn° ca, {h_moS>m`{c{gg, gd© àH$maÀ`m c°àmoñH$mo{nH$ eñÌ{H«$`m, aº$noT>r, ZoÌnoT>r,
AnKmVJ«ñVm§gmR>r Img é½U{d^mJ, `mgma»`m AZoH$ Xw{_©i gw{dYm JmoaJ[a~m§gmR>r
CncãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. j`amoJmda _mo\$V CnMma, n{hco ~mi§VnU
_mo\$V, AË`ën ewëH$mV _moVrq~Xy eñÌ{H«$`m (q^JmamonUmgh), {gPo[a`Z ~mi§VnU,
S>m`{c{gg gw{dYm, Aem AZoH$ gdcVt_wio ho é½Umc` JmoaJ[a~m§Mr OrdZaofm {gÕ
Pmco Amho.
_w~§ B©, nwUo `oWrc »`mVZm_ gO©Ýg, VÁk/{deofk S>mŠ° Q>g© ho é½Umc` åhUOo
é½UgodM o r Anyd© g§Yr _mZyZ, {Z`{_VnUo S>ao dU `oWo ^oQ> XoV AgVmV. \$mQ>cco o AmoR>/
Q>mim `m§Mr _mo\$V ßc°pñQ>>H$ gO©ar, S>Ýo Q>c gO©ar, ApñWamoJ, Am°Wm}ñH$monr, _UŠ`mdarc
eñÌ{H«$`m, d§Ü`Ëd CnMma, {VaionUm, _yÌ{dH$ma Am{U nmoQ>mVrc amoJm§À`m eñÌ{H«$`m,
Ë`mMà_mUo H$mZ/ZmH$/Kgm `m§À`m eñÌ{H«$`m, öX`amoJ VnmgUr d Am¡fYmonMma,
_|XM y o {dH$mam§da CnMma Aem AZoH$ ~m~VrV ho S>mŠ° Q>g© é½Umc`mcm AmË_r`VoZo gmW
XoV AgVmV. Ho di `m é½Umc`m_wiM o `m Cno{jV H$moH$Uàm§VmV, JmoaJ[a~m§Zm _mo\$V
AWdm AË`ën ewëH$mV darc gw{dYm CncãY hmoV AmhoV.
é½Umc`mV VgoM JmdmoJmdr KoVë`m OmUmè`m _mo\$V Amamo½` {e{~am§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
hOmamo _moVrq~Xy eñÌ{H«$`m (q^JmamonUmgh), XwY©a amoJm§da CnMma, AmOn`ªV
`eñdrarË`m H$aÊ`mV Amco AmhoV. gn©Xe § d qdMyXe § `m§Zm ~ir nS>Ê`mnmgyZ hOmamo
ì`º$s¨Zm OrdXmZ {_imco Amho. _hm_mJm©darc dm H$moH$U aoëdodarc AnKmVJ«ñVm§Zm
`mM é½Umc`mZo nwZO©Ý_mMm àË`` {Xcm Amho. ^mOcoë`m é½Um§Zm Amdí`H$ AgUmar

é½Umb` d amoJ{ZXmZ H|$Ð / 249

Amamo½`godm, VËnaVoZo `oWoM àmá hmoV AgVo.
_w§~B©À`m gwà{gÕ Q>mQ>m _o_mo[a`c g|Q>aÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo, aËZm{Jar d qgYwXwJ©
{Oëøm§_Yrc JmdmJmdm§VZy {e{~ao KoD$Z, H°$ÝgaÀ`m é½Um§Mm emoY YoD$Z, Ë`m§À`mda
doido a CnMma d eñÌ{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMo d«V `m é½Umc`mZo A§{JH$maco Amho. `m _mo{h_o_i w o
{H$Ë`oH$ H°$ÝgaMo é½U OmJ¥V hmoD$Z é½Umc`mVrc CnMmam§Mm cm^ KoD$ cmJco AmhoV.
é½Umc`mVrc S>m°ŠQ>g©, Zg}g Am{U AÝ` H$_©Mmè`m§gmR>r é½Umc`mZ{OH$M
g§ñWoV\}$ {ZdmgñWmZm§Mr gmo` H$ê$Z {Xcr Amho. H$_©Mmè`m§À`m gmo`rgmR>r `m
g§Hw$cm_Ü`o EH$ àmopìhOZ ñQmoAa Mmc{dco OmVo. é½Um§H$[aVm Ho${_ñQ>Mo XwH$mZ gwÕm
`oWo Amho.
`m é½Umc`mMm cm¡{H$H$ AmVm naXoemV XoIrc nmohmoMcm Amho. Ë`m_wiM o B§½c§S>,
ñnoZ, H°$ZS>m, A_o[aH$m `mXoemVrc VÁk S>m°ŠQ>g© d gO©Z, `oWo `oD$Z é½Um§Zm Amncr
godm XoD$ H$arV AgVmV. Ë`m§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zm_wio ñWm{ZH$ S>mŠ° Q>g/© gO©Ýg `m§Zm d¡ÚH$s`
joÌmVrc AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌmMr AmoiI hmoV.o é½Um§darc AZoH$ AdKS> eñÌ{H«$`m `m
naXoer S>m°ŠQ>am§À`m ghH$m`m©_wio, Q´>ñQ>cm _mo\$V H$aUo eŠ` hmoVo.
nXì`wÎma {ejU KoÊ`mnydu H$mhr R>am{dH$ H$mi S>m°ŠQ>am§Zr J«m_rU ^mJmV godm
H$aUo, ho emgZmZo A{Zdm`© R>a{dcoco Amho. Aem godgo mR>r emgZmZo `m é½Umc`mcm
_mÝ`Vm XoD$Z `oWrc cmoH$godM o r XIc KoVcr Amho.
***

~moYdMZo
* eara H$m` dmQ>c
o Vo _mJoc nU åhUyZ AmnU Vo Úm`Mo H$s H$m` ?
* EImXr _mi AmoT>mdr, AmH$memH$S>o nmhmdo. gX²Jé
w _mUgm§Mo ~ir
KoVmV. Amnë`mcm AmYr _mUyg ìhmd`mMo Amho.
* Á`mcm Ë`mcm Ë`mÀ`m Hw$cXodVonmer nmohmoMmd`mMo Amho.
_ lrgX²Jwé ~m~m _hmamO

250 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²Jéw {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO {da{MV
lrgX²Jéw ^pŠVna aMZm
Ÿ&& lrgX²Jwéd§XZmï>H$_² Ÿ&&
àUd§ OJXmYma§ gË`§ kmZ§ ö{X pñWV_²Ÿ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&1Ÿ&&
g{ƒXmZ§XH§$Xmo@`§ `: gmjmËào_gmJa…Ÿ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&2Ÿ&&
ñdê$n-Ü`mZ-`moJZo OrdJ«W§ ü o ^oXH$:Ÿ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&3Ÿ&&
`ËàH$memV² OJËgË`§ ^mg_mZ§ ^doËgXmŸ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&4Ÿ&&
gJwU§ {ZJw©U§ M¡d JwUmVrV§ gwI-àX_²Ÿ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&5Ÿ&&
VmaH§$ {ZO^ŠVmZm§ na§ Á`mo{V: ñd`§à^_²Ÿ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&6Ÿ&&
Û¡VmÛ¡V-{d_wŠVmo@`§ MVw_w©pŠV-àXm`H$:Ÿ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&7Ÿ&&
ñdg§doÚ§ {Zamb§~§ {eî`m@ZwJ«h-H$maH$_²Ÿ&
V§ d§Xo Ho$dbmZ§X§ am_M§Ð§ {à`§ Jwé_² &&8Ÿ&&
BX§ ûcmoH$mï>H§$ {ZË`§ ^pŠV_mZ² `: nR>oÞa:Ÿ&
kmZ~moYoZ `wŠVmo@`§ ^doËgX²Jwédëb^:Ÿ&
&& B{V lr_V²XÎmmdVma-gX²Jwéam_M§ÐMaUaO-XmgoZ
{da{MV§-lrgX²Jwéd§XZmï>H§$ g§nyU©_²Ÿ&&
Ÿ&& lrgX²JwéMaUma{dÝXmn©U_ñVw Ÿ&&

lrgX²Jwé ^pŠVna aMZm / 251

 Ÿ&& lrgX²Jwé-dmgwXodmZÝVgañd{V-dÝXZmï>H$_²Ÿ &&
{Z{Ib§ ì`mßV§ {dœ§ `oZ gXm VËnamËna§ gË`_²Ÿ&
AmZÝXñ` {ZYmZ§ dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§` {ZË`_² &&1Ÿ&&
doX-ñ_¥{V-emómUm§ _ybmYma§ øJmoMa§ {ZË`_²Ÿ&
CÝ_{Z-gm¡»`-{ZYmZ§ dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§ {ZË`_ &&2Ÿ&&
AmJ_{ZJ_mVrV§ gÎmmYre§ gwañ¡ gXm goì`_² (ñVì`_²)Ÿ&
na_§ _mL²>J{bH§$ VX² dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§ {ZË`_² &&3&&
A{IbMamMaì`mßV§ `oZ gXm {Z{_©V§ OJÞmQ>ç_²Ÿ&
VV² lr{edeŠVre§ dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§ {ZË`_² &&4Ÿ&&
gH$b¡OudmZm§ `X² OrdZ_ñVr{V Ho$dbmZÝX_²Ÿ&
gwIX§ gVV§ é{Ma§ dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§ {ZË`_² &&5Ÿ&&
gpÀN>î`gm¡»`X§ `V² "VÎd_{g'-àoaH§$ na§ {Xì`_²Ÿ&
VƒmÛ`na_moƒ§ dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§ {ZË`_² &&6Ÿ&&
ApñV^m{V{à`Vm`m `Ëgm{jËdm{XX§ OJËgË`_²Ÿ&
V{ÞJw©U_mZÝX§ dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§ {ZË`_² &&7Ÿ&&
`Ôe©ZmÞ ^y`mV² nwZamd¥qÎm VWm M ^d~ÝY_²Ÿ&
VÎmmaH§$ {ZOmZm§ dÝXo@h§ JwénXmå~wO§ {ZË`_² &&8Ÿ&&
JwénmXdÝXZmï>H$_oVX² XmgoZ {Z{_©V§ gwIX_²Ÿ&
n[anR>ZmXmVm©Zm§ ñdê$n~moY§ ^doV² gXm gwb^_² &&9Ÿ&&
Ÿ&& B{V lr{XJ§~aXmg{dÇ>boZ {da{MV§ lrgX²JwédÝXZmï>H§$ gånyU©_²Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²JwéMaUma{dÝXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&
JwéH¥$noM| h| boU|Ÿ& bod{db| JwéZo§ CnmYr{dU|Ÿ&&
B`oM Xoht {ZOH¡$dë`XmZ|Ÿ& V¥ßV Ho$b| boHw$am§Ÿ&&
_ lrgX²Jwé {XJ§~aXmg _hmamO

252 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

lrgX²Jwé am_M§Ð-d§XZmï>H$ (1)
Ag| H$moU _r§, H$moRw>Zr `oW Ambm|Ÿ&
H$ioZm åhUmoZr, ~hÿ H${ï> Pmbm|Ÿ&
H$at Vy§ H¥$nm gX²Jwamo, bmqd Zm_tŸ&
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&1Ÿ&&
_bm dmgZm JwV§ dr, _mohOmir§Ÿ&
~hÿ OÝ_ Vr, Koddr doidoitŸ&
ZH$mo OÝ_ Vo, àm{W©Vm| ñdmW©-H$m_tŸ&
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&2Ÿ&&
{H$Vr doi Vo, OÝ_ Kodmo{Z `md|Ÿ&
Vwbm drgamoZr, àn§Mr§ ^amd|Ÿ&
AVm§ ewÕ ~wÕr, _bm XoB ñdm_rŸ&
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&3Ÿ&&
Ago ì`W© hm, _m{`H$mMm ngmam
Xoho ZmgVmo, A§VH$mitM gmamŸ&
ZH$mo dmgZm, Jw§Vdy§ ho_Ym_tŸ&
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&4Ÿ&&
ZH$mo f{S´>nyg§JVr, Vr _bm hmoŸ&
ZH$mo Amg, V¥îUm, Z d¥Îmr Mimo hmoŸ&
VwÂ`m qMVZt, drgê§$ Xo _bm _tŸ&
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&5Ÿ&&
Zgo _m` _mPr, Z nrVm{h _mPmŸ&
Zgo nwÌ H$Ý`m, Z VodtM ^mOmŸ&
VwÂ`m JyUJmZt, dgmo {MÎm am_t
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&6Ÿ&&
Ia| kmZ Úmd|, _bm Vy§ AZ§VmŸ&
ZH$mo XoC§ ao, ì`W© Vr Jm Ah§VmŸ&
H$at _Ý_Zm, gd©Xm D$Üd©-Jm_rŸ&
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&7Ÿ&&

lrgX²Jwé ^pŠVna aMZm / 253

ñdê$nt gXm, R>o{d§ _mV| ^amoZŸ&
VwPm godHy$, gË`Mr ~m H$amoZŸ&
VwÂ`m ^o{Q>Z|, nyU©Vm AmË_-am_tŸ&
Vwbm d§{XVm|, am_M§Ðm gXm _r &&8Ÿ&&
gXm AW© hm, qMVwZr H$s¨ _Zm§V
gXm ñdñdê$nt, ^am ñdñW-{MÎmŸ&
Z Jw§Vm BW|, ì`W© g§gma-H$m_tŸ&
åhUo Xmg {dídm{gVm§, _wpŠV am_r &&9Ÿ&&
Ÿ&& lrgX²JwéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&
lrgX²Jwé am_M§Ð-d§XZmï>H$ (2)
à^mo am_M§Ðm H¥$nm Vy§ H$amdrŸ&
_bm ~mbH$m {ZË` Vr em§{V ÚmdrŸ&
ZH$mo dmgZm, JwV§ dr Or {Odm§grŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamer &&1Ÿ&&
MwH$m Am_wÀ`m dV©Vm§ {ZË` hmoVrŸ&
H$amoZr j_m, XmIdm ewÕ arVrŸ&
AVr ewÕ ^ŠVrM Xmdm Aåhm§grŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamer &&2Ÿ&&
gJyUm YamoZr, gXm ^md`wŠVŸ&
Amåhm§ bmqd AmMma, _mZmo{Z ^ŠVŸ&
ñdê$nt a_mo {MÎm, ào_mЩV|grŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamer &&3Ÿ&&
ñd`| XÎm Vy§ H$s¨ ñd`| ñdm{_am`mŸ&
Yargr VZy Vy§ Aåhm§ Vmofdm`mŸ&
^dt `m Vam`m H$ar Jm H¥$nogrŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamerŸ &&4Ÿ&&
_Z, ~w{Õ, {MÎmm{g EH$Ì AmUmŸ&
Ah§Vm Ë`Om`m Iar Xm{d IwUmŸ&

254 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 Aåhm XmIdm kmZ-Á`mo{V, Ëdao{gŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamer &&5Ÿ&&
gXm f{S´>ny Jm§{OVr `m {OdmgrŸ&
gXm dmT>dr dmgZm, XwîH¥$VmgrŸ&
ZH$mo, Amg, V¥îUm, {h BÀN>m Amåhm§grŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamer &&6Ÿ&&
g§gma AmgpŠV VmoS>mo{Z Q>mH$sŸ&
d¡am½`-kmZm{g Úmd| gXm H$s¨Ÿ&
ñdê$nt a_m`m _Vr Úm {OdmgrŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamer &&7Ÿ&&
gXm gd©Xm Úm{d godm Aåhm§bmŸ&
VwPr`o ñdê$ntM R>do t _ZmbmŸ&
gXm amhþ§Xo CÝ_Zt ~mbH$mgrŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ kmZamer &&8Ÿ&&
åhUo Xmg hmodmo{Z`m H$s¨ AZÝ`Ÿ&
gXm, ^pŠV, d¡am½`, `moJ{| M YÝ`Ÿ&
VwPr`o nXt, R>oD$Zr _ñVH$mgrŸ&
{Odm§ _moj ìhm`m, H$at àmW©Zogr &&9Ÿ&&
Ÿ&& lrgX²Jwé-dmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V-MaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&

lrgX²Jwé am_M§Ð-d§XZmï>H$ (3)

{Zînmn Xodm, Aggr Iam VyŸ§ &
H$ë`mUH$mar, {ZO godH$m§ VyŸ&&
Zgo OÝ__¥Ë`y, Vwbm H$m§qh R>md|Ÿ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^mdo§ &&1Ÿ&&
Ago gd© gm_Ï`©, V| VyOnmerŸ&
X`miy Iam, Zm{egr nmnamerŸ&
VwPm Aml`mo, KoD$Zr _wŠV ìhmd|Ÿ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^md| &&2Ÿ&&

lrgX²Jwé ^pŠVna aMZm / 255

 ñd`| doX Vy,§ emóhr Vy{§ M _mP|Ÿ&
Ëda| Zm{e h|, gd© g§gma AmoP|Ÿ&&
Vwbm godÊ`m, gd© gm_Ï`© Úmd|Ÿ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^md| &&3Ÿ&&
Zgo drf`mo, VyOnmer _wir VmoŸ&
ñd`| nyU© Vy§, ZrO AmZ§X Vy§ VmoŸ&
Vwbm ^pŠVM|, JyO Vo§ gd© R>md|Ÿ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^md| &&4Ÿ&&
{Zê$nm{YH$m, Zm VwPo R>mq` XmofŸ&
VwÂ`m ^pŠVZ§, hmoVgo VyO VmofŸ&&
VwÂ`m ^pŠVZ§, {MÎm h| a§Jdmdo§Ÿ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^md| &&5Ÿ&&
VwPm ñdàH$mey, Ago {dídì`mnrŸ&
Zgo ^oX Vmo, VyOnmet H$XmnrŸ&&
Ah§H$ma Zmemo{Z`m§, ào_ ÚmdoŸ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^md| &&6Ÿ&&
VwPm VoOaí_r, àH$mer OJmgrŸ&
Vwdm§ BpÀN>Vm§, Zme hmoB©b Ë`mgrŸ&&
OJV² ñW¡`© VyP,| Vwbm EH$ R>md|
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^md|Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
VwÂ`m ^pŠVZ|, H$m_ Vmo Zme nmdoŸ&
X`mgmJam, YmdwZr erK« `md|Ÿ&&
gXm ñdñdê$nt, _bm Vy§ ^amd|Ÿ&
Z_ñH$ma ~m~m, Vwåhm§ gd©^md|Ÿ &&8Ÿ&&
AVr ewÕ ^ŠVr, YamoZr _Zm§V
B`o Aï>H$m dm{MVr, Oo qH$ {ZË`Ÿ&&
V`m§ gd©Xm, nyU© H$ë`mU ìhmd|Ÿ&
åhUo Xmg, Ordm§ Ia| gm¡»` Úmd|Ÿ &&9Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²Jwé-dmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V-ñdm_rg_W©-MaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&

256 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²Jéw dmgwXdo mZ§Vgañd{V ñdm_r g_W© ñVdZ
_mPm JwéamO dmgwXdo mZ§VŸ& gañdVr `WmW© Zm_ Á`mMo Ÿ &&1Ÿ&&
AZ§V Anma ñdê$n Jwê$M| & eãXt dmZm`mMo ~i ZmhtŸ &&2Ÿ&&
dmL²>_ZmVrb Mmar dmUr naŸ& Jwéê$n Wmoa g§Mb|go Ÿ &&3Ÿ&&
H$mo{Q>^mZwà^m VwiZo m H$s¨ OoWŸ& na_ emo^V àH$mey Vmo Ÿ &&4Ÿ&&
Eoem Jwéê$nr§ pñWamdb| _Z Ÿ& em§{V n[anyU© bmYbrgoŸ &&5Ÿ&&
ì`dhmar Zm_ Ë`m§M§o am_M§Ð Ÿ& Ago Omo `moJÝo Ð MH«$dVuŸ &&6Ÿ&&
AŠH$bH$moQ>ñdm_rMmMr AdVma Ÿ& _mPm Jwéda am_M§Ð Ÿ &&7Ÿ&&
am_mZ§Xm§gmR>r Omhbo gJwU Ÿ& Ambo AdVamoZ ^y_rdarŸ &&8Ÿ&&
OÝ_mAJmoXa {dÇ>bmMo J¥ht Ÿ& dgo Jwé_m` df] XmoZŸ &&9Ÿ&&
Ë`m§htM Am{Ub| {dÇ>bm OJVtŸ& JwéH$mOnyVr© H$am`mgr Ÿ &&10Ÿ&&
am_M§Ð ~m~m CnXoe bmYbo & ~rS>H$a Pmbo Jwé Ë`m§gr Ÿ &&11Ÿ&&
CnXoe hmoVm§ ñdê$nt a§Jbo Ÿ& Xoh^mZ Jobo hmanmoZrŸ &&12Ÿ&&
Agmo{Z`m Xoht Omhbo {dXohr & gm`wÁ`Vm Vrhr _oidmoZrŸ &&13Ÿ&&
dV©bo Vo OZt n[a Vo A{bßVŸ& g§gmar§ {daŠV gd©H$mi Ÿ &&14Ÿ&&
ñdê$nt a§Jbo am̧{XZ nmhrŸ& XoV Ago ½dmhr gË` gË`Ÿ &&15Ÿ&&
gmjmV² Vo XÎm AdVma OmUm & H$io h| gwOmUmbmJtM Jm Ÿ &&16Ÿ&&
C§M Xoh`ï>r ^ì` V| eara Ÿ& H$m§Vr Vo Anma VoOmo_`Ÿ &&17Ÿ&&
gH$b {dídmM| {dlm§VrM| ñWmZŸ& `mo½`m§M§o {ZYmZ am_M§ÐŸ &&18Ÿ&&
ZdZrVmhÿZr _¥Xw A§V:H$aU Ÿ& H$m` dmZy§ \$ma eãXt AmVm§Ÿ &&19Ÿ&&
H¥$nmH$Q>mjmZ| CÕ[aVr Ordm & ñdê$nmMm {Xdm bmdmo{Z`m Ÿ &&20Ÿ&&
öX`r§ Ordmgr Xmdr AmË_mam_ & Jwé Vmo na_ Wmoa Wmoa Ÿ &&21Ÿ&&
H¥$noZM| Á`m§À`m hmoV ^ŠVH$mO Ÿ& Ah§VM o m _mO CVamoZr Ÿ &&22Ÿ&&
gmo@h§ ^md| XoVr ^ŠVm {ZOkmZŸ& OmB© hmanmoZ Xoh^mZŸ &&23Ÿ&&
B`o AdVmat Xmdr Jwé^pŠVŸ& AmMamo{Z {jVr ^ŠVm§bmJtŸ &&24Ÿ&&
_mV¥{nV¥nwÊ`| bm^bm {dÇ>bm & Jwéda ^bm am_M§ÐŸ &&25Ÿ&&

lrgX²Jwé ^pŠVna aMZm / 257

~moYmoZr ñdê$nkmZ IyU Ë`m§ZrŸ& CÕ[ab| PUt {dÇ>bmgrŸ &&26&&
Ord^md Ë`mMm Zmgmo{Z`m gmamŸ& {ZOnXr§ Iam ~¡gdrbmŸ &&27Ÿ&&
Mmbdm`mgmR>t gm§àXm` OZtŸ& Amkm gX²Jwê§$Zr {XYbr Ë`mgrŸ &&28Ÿ&&
dmZm`mgr OmVm§ nS>o dmMo _m¡ZŸ& {Zdm§V åhUmoZ am{hbm|go &&29Ÿ&&
H$a{dVr Jwê$ V| V| Ago hmoVŸ& gË` gË` gË` {ÌdmMmŸ &&30Ÿ&&
Zmht _r Cabm| AmVm§ OJVm§VŸ& dV} Jwé gË` A§V~m©ø Ÿ&&31Ÿ&&
V`m§Mo H$mOmgr am{hb| earaŸ& ajr Jwéda am_M§Ð Ÿ&&32Ÿ&&
OÝ_moOÝ_t VwPm KS>mo ghdmgŸ& nwadr ho Amg Jwéam`mŸ &&33Ÿ&&
dmgwXodmZ§V gañdVr MaUtŸ& am{hbm| a§JmoZr Xmg åhUoŸ &&34Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²JwéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&

lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mr AmaVr (1)

AmaVr am_M§ÐmŸ& gX²Jwé ~m~m nyU©M§ÐmŸ&
namËna AmË_ê$nmŸ& ~moYgy`m© H¥$nm H$amŸ &&Y¥0Ÿ&&
n§M^yV| _Z ~wÕrŸ& Ah§H$ma {MÎm g§YrŸ&
Eogr Aï>Ym àH¥$VrŸ& V`|Vw{Z nma nmS>m Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
kmZÁ`mo{V nmOimoZŸ& Oimo Ah§^md nyU©Ÿ&
^dZXr n¡bWS>rŸ& ZoB© Amåhm§ `moJoídam Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
H$ënZmOmi gma|Ÿ& Q>mH$s¨ g§hmé{Z Ëda|Ÿ&
{MXmZ§X AmË_gm¡»`Ÿ& XoB© H¥$noÀ`m XmVmamŸ &&3Ÿ&&
jamja `m§gr na Ÿ& nwéfmoÎm_ JwédaŸ&
{ZamH$mar {Za§H$maŸ& VoW ZoB© Jm qH$H$amŸ &&4Ÿ&&
{ZOmZ§Xt gd© H$miŸ& R>do t ñdê$nt {Z_©iŸ&
Xmg {dRy> MaUt bmJoŸ& öX`t Ü`mVmo JwédamŸ &&5Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²JwéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVw Ÿ&&

258 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mr AmaVr (2)
AmaVr gX²Jéw ~m~m§MrŸ& namËna ñdmË_mZ§XmMr Ÿ && Y¥0Ÿ&&
gZmVZ Á`mo{V, na~«÷Ÿ& {Zam_` {díd na§Ym_Ÿ&
kmZKZ öX`r§ Omo am_Ÿ& g{ƒXmZ§XH§$X Zm_Ÿ&
{Zam_` VoOmM| Ym_Ÿ& nyU© H$[a ^ŠVm§Mo H$m_Ÿ&
Cnm{g{V Ë`m§{g H$io gmaŸ&
hmoC{Z {ZOgmjmËH$maŸ&
_mdiw{Z Zm_ énmH$maŸ&
Á`mo{V Or na_mZ§XmMrŸ& H$[aZ Am|dmi{U _r Ë`mMrŸ &&1Ÿ&&
ñd`§à^ gmo@h§ ZmXmMrŸ& nwamVZ h§g ñdê$nmMrŸ&
ào__` ào_mZ§XmMrŸ& VÎd_{g _yi ñdê$nmMrŸ&
gJwU Am{U {ZJwU © ê$nmMrŸ& A§V Zm, nma, AZ§VmMrŸ&
^oQ>Vm§ _mdiV| ^mZŸ&
àJQ>V| ñd`| nyU©kmZŸ&
MmbV| gmo@h§M| JmZŸ&
na_ AÛ¡V gË` JwéMrŸ& {ZË` AmZ§X ñdê$nmMrŸ &&2Ÿ&&
lw{V, ñ_¥{V, AmJ_, {ZJ_m§MrŸ& _yi OZZr Or H$s¨ gmMrŸ&
nwamU| H${W{V {bbm Á`mMrŸ& doXm§ _yi, Aem h[aMrŸ&
O`m AmdS> gX²^ŠVrMrŸ& ewÕ ^mdm{M ^yH$ Á`mgrŸ&
g§V g‚mZ Á`m Ami{dVrŸ&
^ŠV öX`t Á`mgr nw{OVrŸ&
gV² ào_t O`m àrVrŸ&
Xmg, Ë`m gX²Jwé ñdê$nmMrŸ& H$[aVg| Am|dmi{U gmMrŸ &&3Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²JwéMaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&

AmaVr lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mr (3)

O` Xod O` Xod O` gX²Jéw ~m~mŸ&
gX²Jwé am_M§Ðm AdYwV Vy§Mr JmŸ &&Y¥0Ÿ&&

lrgX²Jwé ^pŠVna aMZm / 259

 gJwU ñdénm KoC{Z ^yd[a AdVagrŸ&
gË` kmZ_mJ© ^ŠVm§ ~moYrgrŸ&
ñdénmMo R>m`t Vy§ Ë`m§gr ~¡g{dgrŸ&
AmXr eŠVr {dídt Vo Vd H$s¨ A§~m Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
{ZJwU
© , {ZduH$ma, Vw§ Jm AmÚ OJmŸ&
öÝ_§{X[a¨ dggr Vy,§ AmË_mam_{M JmŸ&
ñdê$nÜ`mZ| H$éZr ^OVm§ VwOgr JmŸ&
Xmg åhUo gm`wÁ`m ^ŠVm§ {_i{d{g JmŸ &&2Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²Jwé-dmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V-MaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&

AmaVr lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mr (4)

O`Xod O`Xod, O` am_M§ÐmŸ&
gX²Jwé ~m~m, ñdm_r, XÎm-AdVmamŸ &&Y¥0Ÿ&&
{Ì{dY Vmn| nmoi{w Z, g§gmar l_bm|Ÿ&
ZmZm `moZt {\$aVm§, ~hþ Xw:Ir Pmbm|Ÿ&
nyd-© OÝ_-nwÊ`|, Vd MaUt Ambm|Ÿ&
gX²~moYm XodmoZr, _O XrZm VmamŸ &&1Ÿ&&
Zd{dY ^ŠVr Xmdm, godm KodmoZrŸ&
_m`m-nme VmoS>m, ñ_aUm XodmoZrŸ&
OmJ¥{V-ñdßZ-gwfßw Vt, Zm_ dXdmoZrŸ&
ñdê$n XmC{Z S>moim§, fS²>[anw§gr _mam Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
H$m`m, dmMm, _Zo§ Vd Xmñ` ìhmd|Ÿ&
ewÕ ^ŠVr§`moJ,| ñdê$nr a_dmd|Ÿ&
ñdê$nt a_Vm§, ~wÕr-_Z-EoŠ`m `md|Ÿ&
MaU-godm H$[aVm§, CnOmo ^md IamŸ &&3Ÿ&&
Xmg {dZdr ~m~m, Vw_Mo gƒaUtŸ&
dmgZm Oimdr, Vd Zm_-ñ_aUtŸ&
{ZO~moYr§ a§Jw{Z`m§, Vê§$ Xo ^d-VaUrŸ&
^pŠVkmZmZ§X| H$[a ~m A_a IamŸ &Ÿ&4Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²Jwé-MaUmaqdXmn©U_ñVwŸ &&

260 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm

 lrgX²Jwé ~m~m§Mm Ym§dm
`oBª `oBª dmo, Jwéam`mŸ& lrJwé ~m~m gX`mŸ&&Y¥0Ÿ&&
VmnÌ`mZ|, nmoibm|Ÿ& g§gmar§ ~hþ l_bmo§Ÿ&
{\$aVm§ Mm¡è`m§er, JwX_abm|Ÿ& J^©dmqg gm§nS>bm|Ÿ&
AmVm§ `oD§$ Xo, _m{P X`mŸ& gmoS>qd Ëd[aV {Odm `mŸ &&1Ÿ&&
fS²>[anw Jm§OrVr, AnmaŸ& Zmht nmamdmaŸ&
Hw$R>d[aŸ gmogy§ hm, OmoOmaŸ& {eUbm| _t ~m \$maŸ&
Ym§d| PS>H$ar§, __ gmømŸ& Vm[a¨, Vm[a¨, XrZm `mŸ &&2Ÿ&&
Amem ZmJrU, {dfmarŸ& S>I § H$[aVgo ^marŸ&
doT>o KmbmoZr, OÝ_^arŸ& {Odm ^«_{d g§gmar§Ÿ&
`m§Vw{Z gmoS>dwZr, _O Ý`m`mŸ& `oB© Ym§dV gI`mŸ &&3Ÿ&&
BÀN>m Am{U V¥îUm, Jm§OrVrŸ& Hw$H$_m©{g dmT>{dVrŸ&
KS>{d{V OJVm§V, AnH$sVuŸ& Od{iH$ H$[aVm§ N>{iVrŸ&
`m§gr {ZnQ>moZr, H$mT>m`mŸ& gmø hmoBª XrZm `m Ÿ&&4&&
__Vm Kmoa _bm, hr bmdrŸ& ZmZm `moZr {\$adrŸ&
A_rV bmKd, _O XmdrŸ& {df`gwIt _O Jm|drŸ&
`m§Vw{Z Vmam`m, gËd[a¨, `mŸ& hm§H$ H$mqZ KoD${Z`m§Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
Ah§H$ma ~hÿ, ~iH$Q>Ÿ& Xoh^md dmT>{dVŸ&
ZmZm g§H$Q>r, ZmM{dVŸ& \$OrV _Ogr H$[aVŸ&
Ë`mV| g_yi, Zmem`mŸ& X½Y H$é{Z Q>mH$m`mŸ &&6Ÿ&&
ì`W© H$ënZm, _O ^«_drŸ& ^dgmJ[a¨ `m ~wS>drŸ&
ZmZm g§H$ënm§, V| H$adrŸ& àd¥Îmr - {V[a¨ {\$adrŸ&
Kmoa {VMr ~mYm, MwH$dm`mŸ& g§V g§JVr Úm`m Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
ñ_abmo Zmqh Vwbm, AmOdarŸ& JwV§ {w Z`m§ ì`dhmatŸ&
_m`oMr {ngwU,| O_qd ~atŸ& _r _mP| ÑT> YatŸ&
`m§Vw{Z d¥Îmrgr, {\$adm`mŸ& gÝ_mJu bmdm`mŸ &&8Ÿ&&
{ddoH$, d¡am½`, _O Úmd|Ÿ& gÕ_u bmdmd|Ÿ&
gÝ_{V XodmoZr, ~moYmdoŸ& {dMmam§V _Z Ý`md|Ÿ&
_Obm {Zd¥Îm, ~Zdm`mŸ& H¥$nm, Am{efm§ Úm`mŸ &&9Ÿ&&

lrgX²Jwé ^pŠVna aMZm / 261

 Úmdr ewÕ Aer, gX²^ŠVrŸ& Am{UH$ Úmdr gw_VrŸ&
Zm_ñ_aUm§V, Úm{d JVrŸ& ê$n dgm| Xo {MÎmtŸ&
Úmdr D$Üd©JVr, Ordm `mŸ& ldUr§ Ko dMZm `m Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
ñdê$nt _Z _mP| a§JdwZrŸ& Yw§X Ë`m§V _O H$éZrŸ&
{ZË` AmZ§Xr, {Za§OZtŸ& ñdê$n AZwgY§ mZr§Ÿ&
R>odr§ AI§{S>V, ^amo{Z`m§Ÿ& Y_©_mJu _O Ý`m`mŸ&&11Ÿ&&
Vw{P`m H¥$noÀ`m, dm`yMrŸ& KmbtŸnm§Ia gmMrŸ&
Zm¡H$m Ý`mdr hr, ZaVZwMrŸ& ^dm n¡b{V[a¨Ÿ A_wMrŸ&
gX²Jéw ZmdmS>r, Vwpåh ìhm `mŸ& _mojlr {_idm`mŸ&&12Ÿ&&
dmMm Zm_ dXmo, {Za§VaŸ& Ñï>r ñdê$nt ñWraŸ&
g§V g§J{VMm, AmYmaŸ& A{daV bm^mo WmoaŸ&
_Z ~wÕr, {MÎm, pñWa ìhm`mŸ& H¥$nm H$at ~mim `mŸ&&13Ÿ&&
A§Vr EH$Mr, {dZdUrŸ& godm Ko _OH$Sw>ZrŸ&
{dga Z nS>mdm, VwPm _ZtŸ& R>m` gXm Xo MaUrŸ&
gH$b{h gX²^ŠVm§, gwIdm`mŸ& XmgmoÕma H$am`mŸ&&14Ÿ&&
&& lrgX²Jwé-MaUma{d§Xmn©U_ñVwŸ &&

da-`mMZm
h|{M XmZ AmVm§ XoBª Jwéam`mŸ& nS>mo ho Jm H$m`m godo_mOrŸ &&1Ÿ&&
ñdê$nm§V _Z bmJmo am̧{XZŸ& Ah§H$ma nyU© Oimo{Z`mŸ &&2Ÿ&&
OmJmo gmo@h§ Xrn A§Vat àXrßVŸ& Jwéam`m hoV nwadmdmŸ &&3Ÿ&&
H$m`m dmMm _Z| _O KS>mo godmŸ& AmË_^md ìhmdm gdmª R>m`rŸ &&4Ÿ&&
Vw{P`o ñdê$nmdm§Mmo{Z`m AmZŸ& Z {Xgmo Z`Z CKS>rVm§Ÿ &&5Ÿ&&
gH$i Ordm§gr bmJmo harÜ`mZŸ& H$[aVm§{M OmU godm VwPrŸ &&6Ÿ&&
Xwï> ~w{Õ Ordm§ ZwnOmo H$Xm{nŸ& amhmo AmË_ê$nt _Z Ë`m§MoŸ &&7Ÿ&&
g§Vg‚mZm§Mm KS>moZr gm§JmVŸ& hmodmo OZ{hV {Za§VaŸ &&8Ÿ&&
ajr ajr AmVm§ gH$i {dídmgrŸ& Zmer A{dÚogr Ordm§{M`mŸ &&9Ÿ&&
Xmg d§Xmo{Z`m MaUt _mJVŸ& da hm{M {ZË` am_M§ÐmŸ &&10Ÿ&&
Ÿ&& lrgX²Jwé dmgwXodmZ§Vgañd{V VWm amdgmho~ ~m~m_hmamOm§Mo
MaUH$_bt gd©^md| g_n©UŸ &&
***

262 / amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm