EXE.KClSE 1.2
In every insurance contract there is an implied covenant of good faith
I. Determine which of the following passages are arguments. For those that
are, identify the conclusion. For those that are not, attempt to determine
whether they are warnings, pieces of advice, statements of belief or opinion,
descriptions, reports, expository passages, illustrations, conditional statements,
or explanations.
*1. The price of gold increased yesterday because of increased tensions in
12. The pace of reading, clearly, depends entirely upon the reader. He may
the Middle East.
read as slowly or as rapidly as he can or wishes to read. If he does not
2. If public education fails to improve the quality of instruction in both pri­
mary and secondary schools, then it is likely that it will lose additional
students to the private sector in the years ahead.
3. Freedom of the press is the most important of our constitutionally guar­
anteed freedoms. Without it, our other freedoms would be immediately
threatened. Furthermore, it provides the fulcrum for the advancement of
new freedoms.
~. The Swiss Alps contain a number of very high peaks. Thus, the Weiss­
low octagonal tower roofed by a pyramidal skylight. The soft diffused
horn, Matterhorn, and Nadelhorn are all over 14,000 feet.
light that descends through this skylight onto the circular pool and vine­
5. It is strongly recommended that you have your house inspected for ter­
mite damage at the earliest possible opportunity.
6. Shut the cage door, you fool! The lions are escaping into the streets!
*7. If the earth's magnetic field disappears, then the Van Allen radiation
belt will be destroyed. If the Van Allen radiation belt is destroyed, then
intense cosmic rays will bombard the earth. Therefore, if the earth's
magnetic field disappears~ then intense cosmic rays will bombard the
earth.
8. Fictional characters behave according to the same psychological proba­
bilities as real people. But the characters of fiction are found in exotic di­
lemmas that real people hardly encounter. Consequently, fiction pro­
vides_us.with the opportunity to ponder how people react in uncommon
situations, and to deduce moral lessons, psychological prindples, and
philosophical insights from their behavior.
U.R. McCuen and A.C. Winkler, Readings for Writers, 4th edition)
9. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free
peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or
by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work
out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should
be primarily through economic and financial aid, which is essential to
economic stability and orderly political processes.
(PreSident Truman, Address to Congress, 1947)
*10. Mexican workers at a recently opened Ford Motor Co. assembly plant
in Hermosillo went on strike, demanding a 70 percent pay raise. The
1400 workers, who are non-union and the lowest paid at the plant,
earn the peso equivalent of $105 to $116 a month. Mexico's minimum
wage is about $91 a month.
(Newspaper Clipping)
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11.
and fair dealing. The duty to so act is imminent in the contract whether
the company is attending to the claims of third persons against the in­
sured or the claims of the insured itself. Accordingly, when the insurer
unreasonably and in bad faith withholds payment of the claim of its in­
sured, it is subject to liability in tort. .
(Justice Sullivan, Gruenberg v. Aetna Insurance Co.)
understand something, he may stop and reread it, or go in search of elu­
cidation before continuing. The reader can accelerate his pace when the
material is easy or less than interesting, and can slow down when it is
difficult or enthralling. If what he reads is moving he can put down the
book for a few moments and cope with his emotions without fear of los­
ing anything.
(Marie Winn, The Plug-In Drog)
*13. The central rotunda [of the John G. Shedd Aquarium] is surmounted by a
covered island below forms one of the pleasing features of the aquarium.
(Chicago's Famous Buildings, ed.1ra J. Bach)
14. Israeli doctors have discovered that nation's first known heterosexual
transmission of the AIDs virus. The Jerusalem Post said the wife of a
drug addict tested positive for the antibodies of the virus. Since the
woman is not a drug addict or the recipient of a blood transfusion, she
probably was infected through heterosexual relations with her husband,
doctors said.
(Newspaper clipping)
15. Economics is of practical value in business. An understanding of the
overall operation of the economic system puts the business executive in a
better position to formulate policies. The executive who und.erstands the
causes and consequences of inflation is better equipped during inflation­
ary periods to make more intelligent decisions than otherwise.
(Campbell R. McConnell, Economics, 8th edition)
*16. Bear one thing in mind before you begin to write your paper: Famous lit­
erary works, especially works regarded as classics, have been thoroughly
studied to the point where prevailing opinion on them has assumed the
character of orthodoxy.
(J.R. McCuen and A.c. Winkler, Readings for Writers, 4th edition)
17. Young people at universities study to achieve knowledge and not to
learn a trade. We must all learn how to support ourselves, but we must
also learn how to live. We need a lot of engineers in the modern world,
but we do not want a world of modern engineers.
(Winston Churchill, A Churchill Reader, ed. Colin R. Coote)
18. No business concern wants to sell on credit to a customer who will prove
unable or unwilling to pay his or her account. Consequently, most busi­
ness organizations include a credit department which must reach a deci­
sion on the credit worthiness of each prospective customer.
(Walter B. Meigs and Robert F. Meigs, Accounting)
*19. Behavior evoked by brain stimulation is sensitive to environmental
changes, even in animals. Gibbons attacked their cage mates in a Yale
laboratory when their brains were stimulated. The same animals, moved
to Bermuda and placed in a large corral, did not behave aggressively at
all in response to the same stimulation.
(Walter Mischel and Harriet Mischel, Essentials
20. Since the time of the ancient Greeks, two distinct types of motion have
seemed central to an understanding of the universe: the motion of the
celestial bodies and the motion of objects on earth. These two kinds of
motion were considered as separate matters until the works of Galileo
and Newton.
(Douglas C. Giancoli, The Ideas of Physics)
21. Dachshunds are ideal dogs for small children, as they are already
ple, in grasslands the animal life typically includes large mammalian
stretched and pulled to such a length that the child cannot do much
herbivores, insects, and birds.
harm one way or the other.
(Robert Benchley, quoted in Cold Noses and Warm Hearts)
*22. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. They can combine to
form molecules, whose properties are generally very different from
those of the constituent atoms. Table salt, for example, a simple chemi­
cal compound formed from chlorine and sodium, resembles neither the
poisonous gas nor the highly reactive metal.
(Frank J. Blatt, Principles of 2nd ed.)
23. The coarsest type of humor is the practical joke: pulling away the chair
from the dignitary's lowered bottom. The victim is perceived first as a
person of consequence, then suddenly as an inert body subject to the
laws of physics: authority is debunked by gravity, mind by matter; man
is degraded to a mechanism.
(Arthur Koestler, Janus: A Summing Up)
24. If we place a solid homogeneous mass, having the form of a sphere or
cube, in a medium maintained at a constant temperature, and if it re­
mains immersed for a very long time, it will acquire at all points a tem­
perature differing very little from that of the fluid.
(Joseph Fourier, Analytical Theory
*25. Silver, mercury, and all the other metals except iron and zinc, are insolu­
ble in diluted sulfuric add, because they have not sufficient affinity with
oxygen to draw it off from its combination either with the sulfur, the sul­
furous acid, or the hydrogen.
(Antoine Lavoisier, Elements of Chemistry)
26. Words are slippery customers. The full meaning of a word does not ap­
pear until it is placed in its context. ... And even then the meaning will
depend upon the listener, upon the speaker, upon their entire experi­
ence of the language, upon their knowledge of one another, and upon
the whole situation.
(c. Cherry, On Human Communication)
27. Anything a doctor does that requires cutting, jabbing, or injecting is a
"procedure." Anything a doctor does that requires thinking, talking, or
counseling of patients is "cognitive services." Procedures pay much bet­
ter than cognitive services.
(Gregg Easterbrook, "The Revolution in Medicine," Newsweek)
*28. A person never becomes truly self-reliant. Even though he deals effec­
tively with things, he is necessarily dependent upon those who have
taught him to do so. They have selected the things he is dependent upon
and determined the kinds and degrees of dependencies.
(8. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity)
29. There is no doubt that some businessmen conspire to shorten the useful
life of their products in order to guarantee replacement sales. There is,
similarly, no doubt that many of the annual model changes with which
American (and other) consumers are increasingly familiar are not tech­
nologically substantive. (Alvin Toffler, Future Shock)
30. If one knows the plant life of an area, certain assumptions can be made
about the climate and the animals that will be found there. For exam­
(King, Saunders, and Wallace, Biology: The Science of Life)
*31. Almost all living things act to free themselves from harmful contacts ....
A person sneezes and frees his respiratory passages from irritating sub­
stances. He vomits and frees his stomach from indigestible or poisonous
food. He pulls back his hand and frees it from a sharp or hot object.
(B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity)
32. Men are less likely to develop osteoporosis until later in life than
women and seldom suffer as severely because they have 30 percent
more bone mass on the average and don't undergo the sudden drop in
estrogen that occurs with menopause. ,
(Matt Clark, "The Calcium Craze," Newsweek)
33. What seems to be one of the simplest proposals for preventing war turns
out on doser examination to be one of the most complex. Defining disarm­
ament is not hard; it means the reduction or elimination of weapons. As a
means of preventing war it is logically unassailable. Without the means to
fight you cannot have a war, any more than you ca~have highway acci­
dents without vehicles. The problem comes when you try to describe pr~­
dsely what weapons you want states to eliminate.
W. Ziegler, War. Peace, al1d 1l1tenllltional Politics. 4th ed.)
*34. Four hundred French medical students protesting proposed university re­
forms burned their white lab coats in Marseille, then marched to the
docks and threw a police officer into the sea. The officer was rescued by a
fisherman. About three hundred law students staged a similar protest in
Lyons, and authorities said there were minor injuries in dashes with po­
lice. Six students were arrested.
(newspaper clipping)
35. Although the plane mirror is perhaps the oldest optical instrument known
to man, it remains an important element in the modern arsenal of sophis­
ticated optical devices. For example, the earth-moon laser-ranging experi­
ments, initiated in 1969, rely on high-quality reflectors.
(Frank ). Blatt, PrinCiples of Phi/sirs, 2nd ed.)
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