Business

Applications
Using RDBMS

Presentation by Prabhakar Rao K, Capital IQ

Capital IQ www.capitaliq.com
 Powering the People Who Drive the Financial Markets

 Capital IQ Platform is a web and Excel-based research

product that combines deep information on companies,
markets, and people worldwide with robust tools for
fundamental analysis, idea generation, and workflow
management. Capital IQ Platform is deployed at over
2,400 leading investment banks, fund managers, private
capital firms, and corporations.

 Capital IQ Data Feeds help clients populate financial

portals, CRM systems, and other business applications.
Capital IQ Platform Summary
 Global Company Fundamentals : Research public and private companies

 Global People Intelligence : Look up executives and investment professionals

 Global Transactions Data: Analyze M&A and private/public capital market

transactions

 Global Industries and Markets: See snapshots of industries, regions, and

M&A/capital markets

 Financial Analytics : Access detailed financials, charts, and more

 Capital IQ Excel Plug-In: Utilize Capital IQ data via Microsoft Excel

 Screening and Targeting: Build lists of companies, stocks, deals, and more

 Relationship and Workflow Management: Manage contacts, relationships, and

projects
 Capital IQ Real-Time: Get streaming market data and news
Comprehensive Global Coverage of Public and
Private Companies
 Capital IQ serves as the primary information
source for tens of thousands of investment
bankers, financial analysts, and fund managers.

 Combining proprietary research with select third-

party content, Capital IQ provides highly
structured profiles of public and private
companies, investment firms, and professionals.

 Depth of information includes company financials,

relationships among firms and people, biographical
and contact data, transactions, events, securities
data, ownership, brokerage estimates, corporate
governance, regulatory filings, and news.
Capital IQ Strengths
 The most accurate financial data in the
marketplace
 Up to 2,000 financial and supplemental data
points per company
 Comprehensive coverage of private
companies with public filings.
 Industry-leading turnaround time on public
company filings, news, and events
Company Data
 Business overview , Public company financials , Private
company financials
 Research and estimates, Shareholder details , Insider
activities
 Credit ratings and research, Officers and directors, Executive
compensation
 Equity and debt Securities, M&A transactions, Credit default
swaps
 Subsidiaries and Investments, Legal and financial advisors
 Competitors and partners, Customers and suppliers
 Products, Key Developments, Corporate governance
 News and blogs, Corporate governance, Transcripts
 Events calendar, D&B company reports, Filings and key
documents
Capital IQ Coverage Stats
 79,000 public companies
 1,000,000 private companies
 11,000 private equity firms
 1,700,000 executives, board directors, and
investment professionals
 234,000 M&A transactions
 235,000 rated securities
What is RDBMS?

 RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management

System. RDBMS data is structured in database tables,
fields and records. Each RDBMS table consists of database
table rows. Each database table row consists of one or
more database table fields.

 RDBMS also provide relational operators to manipulate the

data stored into the database tables. Most RDBMS use SQL
as database query language.

 Edgar Codd introduced the relational database model with

Codd's 12 rules
 The most popular RDBMS are MS SQL Server, DB2, Oracle
and MySQL.
SQL (Structured Query Language)
 is a database computer language designed
for the retrieval and management of data in
relational database management systems
(RDBMS), database schema creation and
modification, and database object access
control management
 DML (Select, Insert, Update and Delete)
 DDL (Create, Alter, Truncate and Drop)
Table Constraints
 A PRIMARY KEY constraint is a unique identifier for a row
within a database table. Every table should have a primary
key

 A UNIQUE constraint enforces the uniqueness of the values

in a set of columns, so no duplicate values are entered.

 A FOREIGN KEY constraint prevents any actions that would

destroy link between tables with the corresponding data
values. A foreign key in one table points to a primary key in
another table.

 A CHECK constraint is used to limit the values that can be

placed in a column.
 A NOT NULL constraint enforces that the column will not
accept null values.
Data Types
 A data type in programming languages is an
attribute of a datum which tells the
computer (and the programmer) something
about the kind of datum it is. This involves
setting constraints on the datum, such as
what values it can take and what operations
may be performed upon it.
 Number, Text, Float, Alphanumeric, Date…
RDBMS Schema – Stock Trading
Codd’s 12 Rules
 Rule 0: The system must qualify as relational, as a
database, and as a management system. For a system to
qualify as a relational database management system
(RDBMS), that system must use its relational facilities
(exclusively) to manage the database.

 Rule 1: The information rule: All information in the

database is to be represented in one and only one way,
namely by values in column positions within rows of tables.

 Rule 2: The guaranteed access rule: All data must be

accessible with no ambiguity. This rule is essentially a
restatement of the fundamental requirement for primary
keys.
Codd’s 12 Rules
 Rule 3: Systematic treatment of null values: The
DBMS must allow each field to remain null (or empty).

 Rule 4: Active online catalog based on the relational

model: The system must support an online, inline,
relational catalog that is accessible to authorized users by
means of their regular query language.

 Rule 5: The comprehensive data sublanguage rule:

The system must support at least one relational language
that Has a linear syntax, Can be used both interactively
and within application programs, Supports data definition
operations (including view definitions), data manipulation
operations (update as well as retrieval), security and
integrity constraints, and transaction management
operations (begin, commit, and rollback).
Codd’s 12 Rules
 Rule 6: The view updating rule: All views that are theoretically
updatable must be updatable by the system.

 Rule 7: High-level insert, update, and delete: The system must

support set-at-a-time insert, update, and delete operators. This means
that data can be retrieved from a relational database in sets
constructed of data from multiple rows and/or multiple tables.

 Rule 8: Physical data independence: Changes to the physical level

must not require a change to an application based on the structure.

 Rule 9: Logical data independence: Changes to the logical level

(tables, columns, rows, and so on) must not require a change to an
application based on the structure. Logical data independence is more
difficult to achieve than physical data independence.
Codd’s 12 Rules
 Rule 10: Integrity independence: Integrity constraints
must be specified separately from application programs
and stored in the catalog. It must be possible to change
such constraints as and when appropriate without
unnecessarily affecting existing applications.

 Rule 11: Distribution independence: The distribution

of portions of the database to various locations should be
invisible to users of the database. Existing applications
should continue to operate successfully.

 Rule 12: The nonsubversion rule: If the system

provides a low-level (record-at-a-time) interface, then that
interface cannot be used to subvert the system, for
example, bypassing a relational security or integrity
constraint.
Database Management System
Advantages of Database Systems
 Minimal Data Redundancy Since the whole data resides in one central
database, the various programs in the application can access data in
different data files. Hence data present in one file need not be
duplicated in another. This reduces data redundancy.

 Data Consistency Reduced data redundancy leads to better data

consistency.

 Data Integration : Since related data is stored in one single database,

enforcing data integrity is much easier. Moreover, the functions in the
DBMS can be used to enforce the integrity rules with minimum
programming in the application programs.

 Data Sharing: Related data can be shared across programs since the
data is stored in a centralized manner. Even new applications can be
developed to operate against the same data.
Advantages of Database Systems
 Application Development Ease: The application
programmer need not build the functions for
handling issues like concurrent access, security,
data integrity, etc. The programmer only needs to
implement the application business rules.

 Enforcing standards in the organization and

structure of data files is required and also easy in
a Database System, since it is one single set of
programs which is always interacting with the data
files.

 Better controls can be achieved due to the

centralized nature of the system.
Advantages of Database Systems
 Data Independence: The architecture of the DBMS
can be viewed as a 3-level system comprising the
following:
- The internal or the physical level where the data resides.
- The conceptual level which is the level of the DBMS
- The external level which is the level of the end user.

 Reduced Maintenance is less and easy, again, due

to the centralized nature of the system.
Systems Development Life Cycle
Client / Server
An entity-relationship model (ERM)
 is an abstract conceptual representation of
structured data.
 Entity-relationship modeling is a relational
schema database modeling method, used in
software engineering to produce a type of
conceptual data model of a system, often a
relational database, and its requirements in
a top-down fashion.
 Diagrams created using this process are
called entity-relationship diagrams.
ER Diagram
Business Intelligence (BI)
 encompasses the processes, tools, and
technologies required to transform
enterprise data into information, and
information into knowledge that can be
used to enhance decision-making and to
create actionable plans that drive effective
business activity.
BI can be used to acquire

 Tactical insight to optimize business

processes by identifying trends, anomalies, and
behaviors that require management action. 
 Strategic insight to align multiple business
processes with key business objectives through
integrated performance management and
analysis.
Information Hierarchy
Bus-
iness
Value
Drivers

Decision
Business Support
Intelligence

Management Reporting

Operational Reporting
Company Intelligence

 ID, name, address, website, exchange, year

founded, reporting template, country,
company type, fax, phone, ticker, primary
industry, financial auditors, calendar
year/quarter of audit, competitors, and
business description.
People Intelligence

 Name, biography, title, rank, function,

address, phone, fax, email, education,
board memberships, detailed compensation
data (salary, bonus, options, incentive
plans), email, nickname, birth year, and
company affiliations.
Key Developments

 Headline, summary, and dates for key

development categories
(announced/completed transactions,
company forecasts and ratings, corporate
structure related, customer/product related,
dividends/splits, listing/trading related,
potential transactions, red flags/distress
indicators, results announcements/corporate
comm.) There are 78 subtypes for these
categories.
Transactions

 Transaction type (M&A, buyback, private

placements), announce/close dates,
transaction size, role, target, buyer/investor,
sellers, synopsis, and advisors (financial,
legal, accounting).
Corporate Relationship

 Relationship type, acquisition/investment

status, subsidiary/operating units, merged
entities, investment arm, affiliates, fund
investors, auditor, legal advisor, fund
families, lender, and various current/prior
relationship flags.
 Standardized Premium Financials

 IS/BS/CF statement and supplemental

items, pension data, warrants, options, fixed
payment schedule, and industry-specific
supplemental items (oil & gas, wireless,
retail, banks, insurance, cable, airlines).
 Market Data

 Close price, shares outstanding, market

capitalization, 52 week high/low price, daily
volume, total enterprise value, market
cap/total revenue, price/earnings,
price/book value, last close beta, dividend
yield, and Altman Z score.
Business Data Models
 Online Banking Data Model

 Financial Information Portal

 Automated Teller Machine Data Model

 Customer Purchase Data Model

 Thank You
Prabhakar Rao K, Capital IQ

kprao22@yahoo.com