Measuring Spread:

Part 1
Chap. 1 Sec. 2b
Measuring Spread
 Range  Percentiles
 Highest – Lowest  Represents the
 Simplest measure of percent of data values
spread that fall below a given
 Can be greatly value
affected by outliers  The median is the 50th
percentile
Five-number Summary
 A way to summarize the data based on
Quartiles
 Divides the data into four equal groups

 VALUES:
1. Minimum Value
2. Q1 = First Quartile Interquartile Range:
3. Median Middle 50% of data
4. Q3 = Third Quartile IQR = Q3 – Q1
5. Maximum Value
Box Plot

 A graphical representation of data using the

five-number summary
 STEPS:
40, 70, 71, 80, 90, 93,
93, 93, 93, 95, 97, 99 1. Arrange Data in Order
2. Find Min & Max
3. Find Median
4. Find Q1 (Median of
lower ½ of Data)
5. Find Q3 (Median of
upper ½ of Data)
6. Sketch above a # line
Side-by-side Boxplots

Show less detail

than histograms or
Stemplots.

Best used for side-

by-side comparisons
of data.
Testing for Outliers
(1.5 x IQR Rule)
 Outlier  STEPS:
a data value that is 1. Find Q1 & Q3
extremely high or low
when compared with 2. Rind IQR = Q3 – Q1
the rest of the data 3. Multiply IQR by 1.5
values
4. Subtract from Q1 &
40, 70, 71, 80, 90, 93, Add to Q3
93, 93, 93, 95, 97, 99 5. Any # that falls
outside of this range
is an outlier.
Modified Boxplots
 Boxplots drawn by software, where the
lines only extend out to the smallest &
largest observations not flagged by the
1.5xIQR rule. Outliers are marked with
points.
Pg. 82 1.33-1.37
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