NAME: Kervin Kenneth D.

Cruz YEAR & COURSE: BSEd 1-5

LESSON 2: Measures of Central Tendency

MEASURE DESCRIPTION FORMULA

1. Arithmetic Mean or Mean
The mean is the arithmetic average and is the most
popular and well-known measure of central
tendency. The mean is equal to the sum of all
values in the data set divided by the number of
values in the data set.

2. Median The median is the middle value. It is the value that

splits the data in half. To find for the median, first
arrange the dataset in ascending or descending Median = (n + 1) / 2
order. If the number of items in the dataset is odd,
find the middle values where in there are equal
number of data below and above it.

3. Mode The mode is the most frequent score appeared in

the dataset. If the data have multiple values that
are tied for occurring the most frequently, the data
have a multimodal distribution. If no value repeats,
the data do not have a mode

LESSON 3: Measures of Dispersion

MEASURE DESCRIPTION FORMULA

1. Range The range is the simplest measure of dispersion. It is

defined as the difference between the highest and
lowest value in the dataset.

2. Standard Deviation The standard deviation is defined as the positive

root of the arithmetic mean of the square of the
deviations of the given observation from their
arithmetic mean. The sample standard deviation is
denoted by 𝑠 and the Greek letter sigma (𝜎) for
population.

3. Variance The variance is the square of the standard deviation.

It is denoted by 𝑠2.
 LESSON 4: Measures of Relative Position

MEASURE DESCRIPTION FORMULA

1. Percentile A percentile is a measure which provides an

estimate of proportion of the data that should fall
above and below a given value.

2. Quartiles Quartiles are the values that divide a list of

numbers into quarters. The four quartiles are
denoted by 𝑄1, 𝑄2, and 𝑄3. The first quartile, 𝑄1,
divides the dataset such that 25% is less than it and
75% is greater. The second quartile, 𝑄2, is the
median, which means it is at the middle of the
dataset. Lastly, the third quartile, 𝑄3, divides the
data set in such a way that 75% is less than it and
25% is greater.

3. Standard Score A standard score indicates how many standard

deviations an element is from the mean.

4. Box and Whisker Plot
The box and whisker plot is used to show all the The box and whiskers plot
important values. can be drawn using five
simple steps:
Step 1: The smallest value
in the data is called the
minimum value.
Step 2: The value below
the lower 25% of data
contained, called the first
quartile.
Step 3: Median value
from the given set of
data.
Step 4: The value above
the lower 25% of data
contained, called the
third quartile.
Step 5: The largest value
in the dataset is called
maximum value.