WHAT IS STATISTICS?

STATISTICS
statistics involves the collection, organization,
summarization, presentation, and interpretation of data.

TWO BRANCHES OF STATISTICS

1. descriptive statistics -The branch of statistics that involves
the collection, organization, summarization, and
presentation of data is called descriptive statistics.

2. inferential statistics - The branch that interprets, and draws

conclusion from the data is called inferential statistics.

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
A measure of central tendency is a summary measure that
attempts to describe a whole set of data with a single value that
represents the middle or center of data set.

• Arithmetic Mean

• Median - another type of average is the median.

Essentially, the median is the middle number or the mean
of the two middle numbers in a list of numbers that have
been arranged in numerical order from smallest to largest
or largest to smallest. Any list of numbers that is arranged
in numerical order from smallest to largest or largest to
smallest is a ranked list.

The median of a rank list of n number is:

1. the middle number if n is odd.

 2. the mean of two middle number if n is even.

• Mode - The mode of a list of numbers is the number that

occurs most frequently.

WEIGHTED MEAN

MEASURES OF DISPERSION/VARIABILITY
MEASURES OF DISPERSION/VARIABILITY
It is use for describing the spread of data, or its variation
around a central value.

The higher the variability, the more dispersed are the

observation; the lower it is, the more consistent re the observation.

1. RANGE
The Range of a set data values is the difference between
the greatest data value and the least data value.

Formula:

Range = highest value – lowest value

2. STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation of a set numerical data makes use of
the individual amount of each data value deviates from the mean.

FORMULA:
EXAMPLE: The following numbers were obtained by
sampling a population: 2, 4, 7, 12, 15. Find the standard
deviation of the sample
STEP 1: Determine the mean.

STEP 2: for
each number, calculate the deviation between the number and the
mean.

STEP 3: Calculate the square of each deviation in step 2.

Then, find out the sum these squared deviations.

STEP 4: Substitute the sum these squared deviations into

the formula
 Thus, the standard deviation is 5.43 which only implies that
data are spread out or too far to the computed mean

LET’S PRACTICE: Find the range and standard

deviation of the following samples. A. 6, 8, 3, 5, 6 2, 7
Range = highest data – lowest data

=8–2

=6

STEP 1: Determine the mean.

STEP 2: for each

number, calculate the deviation between the number and the mean.

STEP 3: Calculate the square of each

deviation in step 2. Then, find out the sum these squared deviations.

STEP 4: Substitute the sum these squared deviations into the

formula
Thus, the standard deviation is 2.14 which only implies that the
difference of data are small.