Measures

of
Dispersion
Subtopic 8.2
Page 219
 variance and standard deviation as a measure to Standard
describe dispersion of an ungrouped data? Determine the range,
interquartile
Chapter 8 Measures of Dispersion for Ungroupedrange,
Data variance
n statistics, the range of an ungrouped data is the difference between and standard deviation
the largest and the smallest values This measure shows how data is as a measure to describe
8.2 Measures
distributed of inDispersion
or example, a ahasa elayu test, a class that has dispersion of an
a larger range of mar s means that pupils achievement varies greatly ungrouped data.
How do you determine the range, interquartile range, Learning
variance and Range
standardLargest valueas a measure
deviation mallest value
to Standard
describe dispersion of an ungrouped data? Determine the range,
interquartile range, variance
Example
n statistics, the range3of an ungrouped data is the difference between and standard deviation
the largest and the smallest values This measure shows how data is as a measure to describe
iven a set of data , , , , , , , determine the range of this set of data
distributed or example, in a ahasa elayu test, a class that has dispersion of an
Solution:
a larger range of mar s means that pupils achievement varies greatly ungrouped data.
, , , , , ,
Range Largest value mallest value

mallest Largest
Example
value 3 value
iven a set of data , , , , , , , determine the range of this set of data
Range
Solution:
, , , , , ,
How do you determine the range from the frequency table?
mallest Largest
Example 4
value value
The table below shows the scores obtained by a group of pupils in a Chemistry test
Range
Range

How do you determine the range from the frequency table?

Example 4
The table below shows the scores obtained by a group of pupils in a Chemistry test

Score

Number of pupils

8
CHAPTER
etermine the range of the above data

Solution:
mallest value Largest value

Score 8

Number of pupils

Range

219
Chapter 8 Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data

How do you determine the interquartile range of a set of ungrouped data?

hen the values of a set of data are arranged in an ascending order, the first quartile, Q1 is the value
of data that is at the first 1 position while the third quartile, Q is the value of data that is at the
position from the data arranged in order
se the following steps to determine Q1 and Q from a set of ungrouped data
1. rrange the data in ascending order
2. etermine the median of the data
3. ivide the set of data into two parts, the part of data before the median and the part of data after
the median
4. Q1 is the value of data in the middle position of the part of data before the median
5. Q is the value of data in the middle position of the part of data after the median
6. f the number of data is odd, the median, Q1 and Q can be identified directly from the
the data
7. t the number of data is even, the median, Q1 and Q can be obtained by finding the average of
the two values in the middle positions of the parts of data before or after the median
8. nterquartile range Q Q1

Example 5 INTERACTIVE ZONE

etermine the interquartile range of each of the following sets of data Data can also be arranged
a , , , , , , , , , , in a descending order.
b , , , , , , , , In this case, how do you
 the two values in the middle positions of the parts of data before or after the med
8. nterquartile range Q Q1

Example 5 INTERACTIV

etermine the interquartile range of each of the following sets of data Data can also
a , , , , , , , , , , in a descendi
b , , , , , , , , In this case, h
obtain Q1 and
c , , , , , , ,
Solution:
a
MY M
}

}
}
}
values values values values
Median is
Q1 median Q
the middle
nterquartile range of data is a
etermine the position
an ascend
of the median first
descendin
b
}
}
}
}
values values values values
INFO
Q1 median Q
 Chapter 8 Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Dat

Example 6
etermine the interquartile range of the following frequency table
Score
Number of pupils

Solution:
th value of score rd value of score

Score 8
Number of pupils 8
Cumulative frequency 8
C1 C C C8 C C C C C C C C C C

C11 C

Q1 the ( 1
th value Q the ( th value INFO ZONE
the th value the rd value Cumulative frequency
 determined by adding
nterquartile range its frequency and all
the frequencies before it.

What do you understand about variance and standard deviation?

ariance and standard deviation are the measures of dispersion commonly used in statistics The
variance is the average of the square of the difference between each data and the mean
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance which also measures the dispersion of
a data set relative to its mean measured in the same units of the original data

How do you determine the variance and standard deviation for a set of ungrouped data?
ariance of a set of ungrouped data can be obtained using the formula of variance

x or x
N N MY MEMORY
–x = mean of data
x x
tandard deviation, or N –x = x
N N

Example 7
etermine the variance of the set of data , , , ,
Solution:
ean, Saiz sebenar
variance is the average of the square of the difference between each data and the mean
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance which also measures the dispersion of
a data set relative to its mean measured in the same units of the original data

How do you determine the variance and standard deviation for a set of ungrouped data?
ariance of a set of ungrouped data can be obtained using the formula of variance

x or x
N N MY MEMORY
–x = mean of data
x x
tandard deviation, or N –x = x
N N

Example 7
etermine the variance of the set of data , , , ,
Solution:
ean, Saiz seben

221
 –x = mean of data
x x
tandard deviation, or N –x = x
N N

Example 7
etermine the variance of the set of data , , , ,
Solution:
ean, Saiz seben

221
 Alternative Method

Example 8
etermine the standard deviation of the set of data , , , , , , , , ,
Solution: INFO ZONE
ean,
= variance
= standard deviation

ariance,

tandard deviation,

Example 9
The table below shows the number of boo s read by a group of pupils in a particular month

Number of books 1
Number of pupils 8
Calculate the variance and standard deviation for the number of boo s read
Solution:
ean,
 tandard deviation,

Example 9
The table below shows the number of boo s read by a group of pupils in a particular month

Number of books 1
Number of pupils 8
Calculate the variance and standard deviation for the number of boo s read
Solution:
ean,

ariance,

INFO ZONE
Alternative Method 1 If the ungrouped data
given in a frequency
8 table, then
–x = and
f
f(x –x )
= or
f
aiz sebenar = –x
f
 8

tandard deviation,

Exercise
8.2a
1. Page
etermine the223range and int
followingNosets1-4of data
a , , , , , , , , , ,
b , , , , , , ,
c , , , , , ,