NASA TECHNICAL TRANSLATION NASA TT F-13768~

THE HALL EFFECT IN POLYCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTOR

TEST SPECIMENS

A. Kobendza, M. Chorazy

Translation of "Zjawisko Halla w polikrystalicznych p r o b k a c i ~

polprzewodnikowych," Archiwum Elektrotechniki, Vole
19, No. 4, 1970, pp. 855-863.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 JULY 1971
 THE HALL EFFECT I N POLYCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTOR TEST SPECitqihS
1
A. Kobendza and M. Chorazy

AESTlt4CT: D e s c r i p t i o n of t h e model of a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e
semiconductor f i l m assuming t h a t t h e g r a i n s and t h e boun-
d a r i e s between them have d i f f e r e n t c o n d u c t i v i t i e s and
Hall mobilities. The e f f e c t of g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s on t h e
measured v a l u e s of c o n d u c t i v i t y , H a l l m o b i l i t y , and
c o n c e n t r a t i o n of c u r r e n t c a r r i e r s i s e s t i m a t e d . Using
t h i s model, t h e r e l a t i o n between H a l l m o b i l i t y and
t h e i l l u m i n a t i o n i n t e n s i t y i n p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e cadmium
s e l e n i d e i s determined w i t h allowance f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n
t e c h n i q u e of semiconductor f i l m s . A71-18187

1. Introduction

The H a l l e f f e c t was d i s c o v e r e d a t ' , t h e end of t h e 1 9 t h centur-y Ci.3 l879), --

/855*
Today, it i s g e n e r a l l y a p p l i e d i n t h e p h y s i c s of semiconductors t o determine
t h e concentration of current c a r r i e r s . I n some c a s e s , t h e H a l l e f f e c c a l s o
f u r n i s h e s i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e band s t r u c t u r e of a semiconductor.

The c l a s s i c a l H a l l e f f e c t r e f e r s t o e l e c t r i c a l l y homogeneous s p e c i ~ n c n sof

constant thickness. However, i n p r a c t i c e , specimens a r e n o t measured u n d e r t h e
above c o n d i t i o n s . Examples are specimens of e v a p o r a t e d semiconductors w i t h a
granular structure.

Grain s i z e s a r e c o n s i d e r a b l y s m a l l e r t h a n t h e l i n e a r dimensions o f -the

e n t i r e t e s t specimen, about 1 micron. The b o u n d a r i e s between them can have
d i f f e r e n t e l e c t r i c a l p r o p e r t i e s f r o m ' t h o s e of t h e m a t e r i a l o f t h e n e i g h b o r i n g
grains, The q u e s t i o n t h e r e f o r e o f t e n a r i s e s a s t o whether measurements o f zhe
H a l l e f f e c t s e r v e any u s e f u l purpose when t h e s e specimens a r e used, It is
d i f f i c u l t t o answer t h e q u e s t i o n unequivocally.

But i f an e l e m e n t a r y , s i m p l e m4del of a g r a n u l a r specimen i s u s e d , we can

p r o v i d e a number of p r a c t i c a l c o r o l l a r i e s f o r t h e e s t i m a t i o n of H a l l neaswe-
ments on vapor-deposited p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e l a y e r s . The purpose o f this a r t i c l e
i s t o d i s c u s s t h i s m a t t e r , w i t h s p e c i a l emphasis on cadmium s e l e n i d e vapor-
coated layers,
--
1, Semiconductor Device P l a n t , E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g I n s t i t u t e , Polish
Academy o f S c i e n c e s .
* Numbers i n t h e margin i n d i c a t e p a g i n a t i o n i n t h e f o r e i g n t e x t .
2, Fundamental assumptions and c o n d i t i o n s

F i g u r e 1 shows a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e semiconductor specimen which we c.an usct

t o measure t h e H a l l e f f e c t .

L e t u s assume t h a t o n l y one k i n d of c a r r i e r s , e l e c t r o n s , takes~par-ti n

c u r r e n t conductance.

F i g u r e 1. Specimen f o r H a l l measurements

Current j (E
X X
> 0 ) f l o w s i n t h e d i r e c t i o n of t h e x a x i s of t h e specimen, i856
The induced magnetic f i e l d , B , i s d i r e c t e d p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e s u r f a c e of t h e
specimen a l o n g a x i s z. The H a l l v o l t a g e o c c u r s a l o n g a x i s y(j =
Y
The f o l l o w i n g u n i t s w i l l be used:

2
oiS/ml; F$irn3/cl; uHlm /VS = l/~l
The e l e c t r i c f i e l d i n t e n s i t y i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e y a x i s is
E = R j B , (11
Y Hx
1
where % = -A-
en
i s t h e H a l l c o e f f i c i e n t , c o n s t a n t A = 1 t o 2 depending on t h e
s c a t t e r i n g mechanism of t h e c a r r i e r s i n - t h e c r y s t a l l a t t i c e , and j = oE = en, E*,
x x n x
A f t e r s u b s t i t u t i n g t h e s e magnitudes i n Equation ( 1 )

1E,= - A p , E X B , C2)
E,= - p H E a B .

I n p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e l a y e r s and i n t e r m e t a l l i c compounds A = 1,

3. Model used f o r a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e t e s t specimen

The f o l l o w i n g model i s t a k e n f o r a t e s t specimen of a p o l y c r y s t a i i i n e s e ~ i -

conductor. The g r a i n s a r e s q u a r e s , w on a s i d e ; t h e p a r t i t i o n i n g b o ~ u n d a r i e so f
t h e s q u a r e have width h ( F i g u r e 2 ) . Thiclcness of t h e specimen i s consc-~;n-can&
e q u a l t o d. C o n d u c t i v i t y and m o b i l i t y o f g r a i n s a r e t a k e n a s o1 a n d L,;; of
t h e b o u n d a r i e s , a s o and p , r e s p e c t i v e l y , and f o r t h e whole p o l y c r y s - ? a l l i n c
2 2
specimen a s o and p The magnitude of w i s many t i m e s s m a l l e r than -;he dimen-
H'
s i o n s of t h e specimen.

The c o n d u c t i v i t y o of t h e p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e specimen can be expressed

1 a,h
a= C-
.
B B k
-+.--
k+w
,-'@I 4
.7 W

Figure 2 . Model of a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e Figure 3 , Model of a layer i n case

layer of b o u n d a r i e s p a r a l l e l . t o
t h e c u r r e n t vector,

The g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s have d i f f e r e n t e f f e c t s on t h e H a l l e f f e c t , depending on

whether t h e i r c o n d u c t i v i t y i s l a r g e r or s m a l l e r t h a n t h e g r a i n conduc.eivizy,
Moreover, t h e i r i n f l u e n c e on t h e H a l l e f f e c t i s d i f f e r e n t depending on t h e a n g l e
current j makes w i t h t h e boundary.
X

3.1 H i g h - r e s i s t i v i t y boundaries a > o

I- 2
a) The c u r r e n t v e c t o r ,j i s p a r a l l e l t o t h e boundary
X

The e l e c t r i c f i e l d i s c o n s t a n t i n t h e g r a i n and a t t h e boundary, and i s E ,

X
C u r r e n t s of d i f f e r e n t d e n s i t i e s , jl and j2, f l o w t h r o u g h t h e g r a i n and t h e
boundary where o f a2' A bend i s r e c o r d e d on t h e e q u i p o t e n t i a l line khC ax
t h e boundary t r a n s i t i o n , where t h e H a l l e f f e c t i s d i f f e r e n t i n two a r e a s ,

L e t u s d e s i g n a t e t h e H a l l v o l t a g e , VH, between p o i n t s AC ( ~ i ~ 3u) eas

 Substituting p = pZ, we g e t t h e equation f o r a homogeneous specisem
1
-a/,,-pe~~J(w t h ) , (>I

VIIl - PI(W 4 h )
-- (6:
. P/g ppWf~2h'

Eq. ( 6 ) y i e l d s t h e r e l a t i v e change i n t h e Hall v o l t a g e caused by chc cxis-cence

of a h i g h - r e s i s t a n c e i n t e r g r a n u l a r boundary p a r a l l e l t o t h e c u r r e n t vector,

Eq. ( 6 ) i s f o r a s i n g l e boundary and a s i n g l e g r a i n , but it i s valid for

a m u l t i g r a i n specimen.

b) The c u r r e n t v e c t o r j- i s p e r p e n d i c a l a r t o t h e boundary
4%

jx = jl = j2=

The c u r r e n t d e n s i t y i s c o n s t a n t i n both g r a i n and boundary, and i s jx, The

e l e c t r i c f i e l d depends on t h e c o n d u c t i v i t y of t h e a r e a of g r a i n and boundary, --

/a58
and i s E, and E,, respectively,

Let u s d e s i g n a t e t h e H a l l v o l t a g e V,, between p o i n t s AC ( ~ i g u r e43

If P1 = P2 and o = g 2 does not hold a t t h e g r a i n boundar2es

1 9

' Eq. ( 9 ) y i e l d s t h e r e l a t i v e change i n t h e H a l l v o l t a g e , VH1, caused by r h e

e x i s t e n c e of a h i g h - r e s i s t a n c e i n t e r g r a n u l a r boundary perpendicular to it;he
current vector.

Equipotential l i n e

Figure Model of a l a y e r w i t h bouncaries

perpendicular t o t h e curren-c
vector
 Eq. ( 9 ) depends on t h e magnetic f i e l d . I n Eq. ( 2 1 , f o r t h e Wall efLecr,

The magnitude of 1 can b e l a r g e r t h a n h by many o r d e r s of magnitude, a s will Se

s e e n from Eq. ( 1 0 1 , a s w e l l a s by w.

When 1 > w , Eq. ( 7 ) does have a d e f i n i t e e r r o r , b u t s t i l l can be ~ s e d-La

e s t i m a t e t h e change i n t h e H a l l e f f e c t produced by t h e boundary,

l / ( l + S ) = h(w+h) and S / ( l + S ) = w/(w+h) can be t a k e n a s t h e f z r s h ap2roxi-

mation i n t h e c a s e of a r e a l p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e specimen. I t e x p r e s s e s che f a c z
t h a t a p a r t of t h e e q u i p o t e n t i a l l i n e p a s s e s through t h e g r a i n and a p a r t -
/a59
through t h e boundary. Accordingly, i t s l e n g t h i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o w and h,

EqU ( 1 0 ) can be o m i t t e d i n t h e p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e l a y e r s .

3.2 Boundaries a r e b e t t e r c o n d u c t o r s t h a n g r a i n s , o % o
1-
The H a l l e f f e c t i s reduced a t good conducting b o u n d a r i e s because the
H a l l v o l t a g e i s s h o r t e d through t h e good conducting a r e a . T h i s phenomenon is
, analogous t o t h e i n f l u e n c e o f c u r r e n t e l e c t r o d e s on t h e H a l l v o l t a g e [L?,
*
I n t h e specimen of a n e l e c t r o d e system w i t h t/w 2 3 ( 1 - l e n g ~ h ,w - wL~-cra
of t h e specimen), t h e H a l l e f f e c t i s p r a c t i c a l l y t h e same a s f o r a nuch l o n g e r

-- -
specimen ( 1 -B co). On t h e o t h e r hand, when l/w = 0.25, voltage V is reci~ced
W
t o 20% of t h e p r e v i o u s v a l u e . The r e d u c t i o n i n V i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h ?;he facz
H
t h a t t h e e q u i p o t e n t i a l l i n e s i n t h e semiconductor i n t h e v i c i n i t y cf zhe edge
o f t h e c u r r e n t e l e c t r o d e s a r e n o t p a r a l l e l t o them. There a r e good condLccing
b o u n d a r i e s i n t r u e p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e l a y e r s some o f which a r e p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o
t h e c u r r e n t f l o w and p l a y t h e r o l e of t h e above-mentioned c u r r e n t c o a l a c d s ,
The g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s themselves can show a c e r t a i n H a l l e f f e c t . Wcwever, t h e
e f f e c t w i l l be n e g l i g i b l e when average c o n d u c t i v i t y , and c o n s e q u e n t l y -the
c u r r e n t , jx, i s low,
4. L i m i t a t i o n s of t h e model used

The model of t h e p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e - l a y e r s t r u c t u r e can be s i r n p l i . f i e ~ L kher.

c u r r e n t f l o w s t h r o u g h t h e p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e l a y e r , e l e c t r i c a l c h a r g e can ~ce-ua-&!ate
a t t h e g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s , c o n d i t i o n e d by a change i n t h e e l e c t r i c a l f i e i d v e c z a r ,
E, a t t h e boundary of t h e two media. Moreover, t h e change i n t h e c a r r i e r COL-

c e n t r a t i o n changes t h e Debye l e n g t h , L,,, and, c o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e "widoh" of t h e

g r a i n boundaries. The assumption of c o n s t a n t s o, 2 and ol a l o n g t h e bow-~dary, o r
a l o n g t h e g r a i n , does n o t correspond w i t h a c t u a l c o n d i t i o n s , e x c e p t when i, is
si

many t i m e s s m a l l e r t h a n t h e mean g r a i n measurements. Change i n i n d u c t i o n , D,

i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a bend i n veci(or E a t t h e passage through t h e b o u l ~ d a r yof
t h e two media, and t h i s was n o t t a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n t h e above paper,
I n t h e c a s e of t h e g e n e r a l s o l u t i o n , one should know t h e mathematical g r z i n
d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e specimen, a s w e l l a s t h e d i e l e c t r i c con-
s t a n t ( s p e c i f i c i n d u c t i v e c a p a c i t y ) of b o u n d a r i e s and g r a i n s . The appearance
o f energy b a r r i e r s between g r a i n s a l s o i s p o s s i b l e , These b a r r i e r s e f f e c t t h e
t e m p e r a t u r e and luminescense r e ' l a t i o n s o f t h e H a l l m o b i l i t y and conduc-kance,
a s w e l l a s t h e s c a t t e r i n g of c u r r e n t c a r r i e r s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e above
s t i p u l a t i o n s , t h e d i s c u s s i o n of t h e e q u a t i o n s d e r i v e d i n S e c t i o n 3 y i e l d s c e r -
t a i n p r a c t i c a l s u g g e s t i o n s f o r t h e measurements of p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e l a y e r s ,

5, D i s c u s s i o n of r e s u l t s

5.1 Low-resistance b o u n d a r i e s , o
2 3 1
I n concordance w i t h S e c t i o n 3.2, measurement o f a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e
specimen w i l l show t h e conductance t o be h i g h e r t h a n t h e conductance i n grains
(5 . The H a l l v o l t a g e w i l l be many t i m e s s m a l l e r ( V
H
< V ) than f o r a
HI
homogeneous specimen. H a l l m o b i l i t y w i l l be l e s s t h a n i n t h e g r a i n s , and she
c a l c u l a t e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n w i l l be g r e a t e r .

5.2 H i gh-resi stance boundaries , o-1 <o

a) Doundnrics p a r a l l e l wit11 t h e j - v e c t o r .
n

The g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s p a r a l l e l t o t h e c u r r e n t v e c t o r j infiuej~ce
x
t h e H a l l v o l t a g e , VH, b u t t h i s i n f l u e n c e i s c o n s i d e r a b l y s m a l l e r t h a n i.hat o f
t h e p e r p e n d i c u l a r boundaries.
 L e t u s suppose t h a t we have a t o u r d i s p o s a l a p l a t e composed o1 dcl--ge
monocrystalline blocks of d i f f e r e n t o r i e n t a t i o n . I f a H a l l s p e c i a e n cannot bc
c u t from a s i n g l e b l o c k , i t s h o u l d be done s u c h t h a t t h e b o u n d a r i e s rsn nore
o r l e s s p a r a l l e l t o t h e c u r r e n t flow, F u r t h e r m o r e , i f t h e b l o c k s i n -ciie s p e c i -
men have t h e approximate p a r a m e t e r s o and i ~ ,, t h e measured H a l l e f Iect ll h a - ~ e
~+il

t h e same v a l u e a s w i l l a homogeneous specimen ( s e e Eq. ( 6 ) ) . If pl k, p 2 and

o1 $ 02, t h e measured v o l t a g e V
H a c r o s s a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e specimen w i r h parallel

h i g h - r e s i s t a n c e b o u n d a r i e s w i l l be lower t h a n t h e H a l l v o l t a g e a c r o s s %he g r a i n s
themselves.

b) Boundaries p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e j-- v e c t o r .
h

The e f f e c t of g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e ~ u r r c n tvector,
jx, was c a l c u l a t e d t h r o u g h Eq. ( 3 ) and ( 9 ) , assuming o= c o n s t . o1 ekianges
2
o v e r a wide r a n g e from o = o t o o1 = 200 02, f o r example, a s a r e s u P e of
1 2
i l l u m i n a t i o n o f t h e specimen

Table 1

bounq "widergt bound

W W
-=I0 * -=2

If g r a i n conductance i n c r e a s e s , t h e r e s u l t a n t conductance o of the specimen

i n c r e a s e s , b u t a t a s l o w e r r a t e because it i s l i m i t e d by t h e weak c o n d u c ~ a n c e
of t h e g r a i n boundaries.

The H a l l v o l t a g e , VH, as w e l l as t h e H a l l m o b i l i t y , t h e n i s calcuLated

assuming pl = p2. Table 2
Assuming p,! . = p,2

7
 -
I f pl= p Z , t h e measured Hall v o l t a g e , VH, i s higher a c r o s s very l a r g e -
/861
boundaries, than t h e Hall v o l t a g e a c r o s s t h e g r a i n s themselves, t h e lower t h e
c o n d u c t i v i t y of t h e boundaries, and t h e g r e a t e r t h e i r width. This proves t h a t
t h e e n t i r e Hall e f f e c t depends p r i m a r i l y on high-resistance boundaries.

Measured m o b i l i t y , y , d i f f e r s l i t t l e from t h e m o b i l i t i e s of g r a i n s and

boundaries.

Table 3 1 l s z s v o l t a g e VH and m o b i l i t y y f o r t h e c a s e when y1 { u2.

I f p2 < yl, measured m o b i l i t y y i s always smaller than m o b i l i t y p , i n t h e
grains. The g r e a t e r i s t h i s decrease t h e higher t h e r e s i s t a n c e of t h e boundaries,
and t h e g r e a t e r t h e i r width.
Table 3

W
. . ' . . \. .
.....
..,..... , '. h .
. .. .
- 1
' ' 1

. I .:.. ,
,

,
.'. . . . vs vil /a I . . I P
. .
.' .
u1=@2
.
' fit = 2 O ~ i 0,915V~g ' 0 , 6 8 3 ~ ~. 1 , 0.915~1 0.683~1
':a1=2az .pl=2Op2 0.92 Vaa 0.7 vat 0,809~l 0,462~~
: - al=lOap. fir =201z 4 9 5 YEP $833 VR; 4483~1 . 0.166~1
u1=I00uz, p1=20pz . 1,46Van 23Vsn .' 41361 0,0529fil
: u1=200~2 ~r'2OPr , . 1.82V.n.. ., , 4vx'an 0,091fil ' 9041 n

. .. - .

Let u s i l l u m i n a t e a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e specimen. Let u s assume ol changes

from a = 2a2 t o al = lorn2, and t h a t t h e width of t h e g r a i n boundaries i s from
1
h = wj/2 t o h = w/10. Table 3'shows t h a t t h i s i l l u m i n a t i o n produces an i n c r e a s e
i n measured m o b i l i t y , y , by a f a c t o r q15.

6. Hall e f f e c t measurements i n cadmium s e l e n i d e vapor-grown l a y e r s

Some p r o p e r t i e s of vapor-grown CdSe l a y e r s can be explained by using t h e

above model of a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e layer.. Included among o t h e r s i s t h e r e l a t i o n -
s h i p between H a l l mobility and l i g h t . This mobility shows c e r t a i n c h a r a c t e r i s -
t i c s t h a t persuaded t h e authors t o examine t h i s question.

Light causes a change i n t h e f i l l i n g of d i s p e r s i o n and recombination cen- -

t e r s of semiconductors of t h e CdSe type t h a t can r e s u l t i n a t h r e e f o l d change
i n mobility a t t r i b u t a b l e t o l i g h t .[21. On t h e o t h e r hand, an i n c r e a s e by a
30 i s observed i n m o b i l i t y , p , i n p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e l a y e r s when t h e
f a c t o r of
specimen i s i l l u m i n a t e d ,. [3 1.
 The e f f e c c o f l i g h t on change i n m o b i l i t y was found, upon e x a f i i n u ~ ~ oto
~,
depend on t h e t r e a t m e n t given t h e l a y e r s . T y p i c a l r e s u l t s a r e listed i n L ~ b i e
4. These r e s u l t s c a n be summed up a s f o l l o w s , Unwarmed specimens, o r those
warmed i n a i r a t t e m p e r a t u r e s below b O ° C , show an i n c r e a s e i n mobj.Pizy upcjn
illumination. T a b l e 3 shows t h a t t h i s happens w i t h i n c r e a s e i n o,., and w5zh
i

d e c r e a s e i n h , and y 2 < pie Atmospheric oxygen p r o b a b l y d i f f u s e s f r o m che

g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s i n t o t h e d e p t h , forming a c c e p t o r conditTons, P a r t i a l ox5da-
t i o n of CdSe t o CdSeO a l s o i s possible. I f t h i s i s s o , conductance r , 01 t h e
3 'd
boundaz-y w i l l d e c r e a s e , and i n f l e c t i o n o f t h e CdSe energy bands w i l l deb-eiop
t h e boundary. Illumination increases a and d e c r e a s e s t h e Debye lang-zb ax
1'
t h e boundaries. Boundary w i d t h , h , d e c r e a s e s .

Specimens, warmed t o 400°C i n a i r , o r i n argon, show a drop i n r e s i s t a n c e , --

/862
and oxygen i s r e l e a s e d from t h e l a y e r , The b o u n d a r i e s t h a t develop are c h s r a c -
t e r i z e d by s m a l l p and 0 2 , a s w e l l a s by c o n s t a n t h.
2
Table 4

. ,
4
I , j
. -. !, I
' , , ..,
Treatment
. '
s

$.,.,
,

' . '
'!

. $. a r k
,
Remarks I
\ '. :
I .
I n c r e a s e i n grain eonduccsnce

2 - 1 hour warming i n 2.1p3.

. airat400°C , -
d i s p l a c e m e n t of 0, from xlio~nd,
4

3 1 hour warming i n 9-10'. Boundaries of c o n s t a n t wid ;h,

I -- argon a t 400'C . .-- . ,I

d i s p l a c e m e n t o f Q 2 Zrom boiir*b,
Warming a t 250°C
in air II. .'
16;lo4
,. . ,*..:
......: .
I n c r e a s e i n g r a r n eonduc-cance

conddctance cf

-1
vapor-grown l a y e r
on t o p
same specimen (fi) 2.10-1
['warmed i n argon a t i
I b o u n d a r i e s , sligh-c. increase in
conductance of g r a i c s , de-

300°C

The w i d t h of t h e boundary does n o t depend upon i l l u m i n a t i o n , ib:easwed b

decreases with increase i n o a s w i l l be s e e n from Table 3.
1
The r e s u l t s f o r specimen No. 5 concord w e l l w i t h t h e model w i t h h i g h a
2
boundaries. A f t e r warming t h e CdSe specimen w i t h vapor-grown indium in argon,
c o n d u c t i v i t y i n c r e a s e d ( b y a f a c t o r of 2.5-fold), and m o b i l i t y d e c r e a s e d by a
f a c t o r of 20.
 T h i s can be i n t e r p r e t e d a s s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e indium d i f f u s e s zoz2
r a p i d l y i n a region with an imperfect l a t t i c e , i.e., b o u n d a r i e s , t h m L?
grains. Indium i s a donor admixture f o r CdSe, When it d i f f u s e s into rbe b c m -
d a r i e s , it r e a c t s f r e q u e n t l y w i t h oxygen, forming r e l a t i v e l y good condd-zinc
oxides.

A s we s e e , i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h e r e s u l t s of H a l l measurements, and cC con-

d u c t i v i t y of p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e specimens, i s v e r y d i f f i c u l t . Generally s p e k i n g ,
t h e d i f f e r e n c e s between p a r a m e t e r s o , p , and RH f o r t h e g r a i n s , a s w e l l a s for
specimens a s a whole, can d i f f e r by o r d e r s of magnitude. F u r t h e r disckassion
of t h e i n f l u e n c e of g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s on measurements i s welcome.

A model of a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e s e ~ n i c o n d u c t o ri s p r e s e n t e d . I t i s as.surned
t h a t t h e g r a i n s and t h e g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s have d i f f e r e n t c o n d u c t i v i x i e s and
d i f f e r e n t Hall mobilities. The e f f e c t of t h e g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s on t h e values
o f measured c o n d u c t i v i t i e s , of H a l l m o b i l i t y , and of c a r r i e r c o n c e n t r a ~ i o ni s
estimated, The model i s used t o e x p l a i n t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f m o b i l i t y zo
i l l u m i n a t i o n o f a p o l y c r y s t a l l i n e cadmium s e l e n i d e t e s t specimen and 6 ~ depen-
s
dence on t h e c o n d i t i o n s under which t h e above-mentioned l a y e r s a r e 03-l;a.ined,
 REFERENCES

1. Kobus, A., Tusaynski, J,, &iLI Trons and &eir ~ ~ ~ l i c a t i oWNT,

n , Warsaw,
1963

2, Bubo, R. H., Donald, H. E., Blanc, I., "Photo-Hall Effects in Photoconduc-

tors,!! J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1961, 22: 173-180,

3. Fowler, A, B., IIPhoto-Hall Effects in CdSe Sintered Photocond~ctors,~~

Ibid - 7 P - 181-188.

Translated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under

contract NASW-2038 by Translatibn Consultants, Ltd., Arlington, Virginia.