BARODA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

STUDIES.

TOPIC NAME
WORKING CONDITION IN FACTORIES ACT 1948.

INSPIRED BY
TUSHAR BHAPAT

PROJECT MADE BY
JAY , JIGAR & RUTVIJ.
THE FACTORY ACT, 1948.
INTRODUCTION:

In India the first Factories Act was passed in 1881.

This Act was basically to protect children and to
provide few measures for health and safety of the
workers. This law was applicable to only those
factories, which employed 100 or more workers. In 1891
another factory Act was passed which extended to the
factories employing 50 or more workers.
 Definition of Factory
1) Whereon ten or more workers are working, or were working
on any of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid
of power, or is ordinarily so carried on; or

2) Where twenty or more workers are working, or were working

on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on without the
aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on;

But does not include a mine subject to operation of the Mines

Act, 1952 or a mobile unit belonging to the Armed forced of
their Union, a railway running shed or a hotel, restaurant or
eating place.
 FACTORY ACT, 1948.
HIGHLIGHTS:

The Factories Act, 1948 came into force on 1 st day of April, 1949 and extends
to the whole of India. It was, in fact, extended to Dadra & Nagar Haveli,
Pondicherry in 1963, to Goa in 1965 and to the State of Jammu & Kashmir in
1970.

The Factories Act was amended in 1949, 1950, 1954, 1956, 1976, & 1989.a

In Bhikusa Yamasa Kshatrya (p) Ltd. the court observed that the act has
been enacted primarily with the object of protecting workers employed in
factories again industrial and occupational hazards. For that purpose, it
seeks to impose upon the owner or the occupier certain obligation to
protect the workers and to secure for them employment in conditions
conducive to their health and safety.
 Statutory Provisions In the factory
Act, 1948.
Cleanliness:
Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia arising from any
drain, privy or other nuisance.

Accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily by some effective

method.

The floor of every work room shall be cleaned at least once in every week by
washing, using disinfectant where necessary, or by some effective method,

Wall, partitions, ceilings, doors, windows, ect. Shall be painted, varnished,

white colour washed in the prescribe manner
 Disposal of Wastes and Effluents.

 Effective arrangement for treatment of wastes and effluents due to

manufacturing process carried on.

Ventilation and Temperature.

 Effective provision shall be made in every factory for providing good

ventilation and temperature which motivate employees to work effective
and also they prevent from injury to health.

 The wall and roofs shall not be exceeded but kept as low as practicable,

 The process which produces high temperatures shall be separated from

the work-room by insulating the hot parts or by other effective means.
 Dust and Fumes

 Where dust or fumes or impurity of such a nature as is likely to be

injurious or offensive to the workers is given off as a result of
manufacturing process being carried on in the factory, effective
measures shall be taken in the factory for prevention of inhalation or
accumulation of dust and fumes in workrooms.

 Exhaust appliance is necessary it shall be applied as near as possible to

the point of origin of dust, fumes or other impurity and such point shall
be enclosed so far as possible.

 A stationary internal combustion engine shall not be operated unless

the exhaust is conducted into the open air.
 Artificial Humidification.
 In any factory in which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the water used
for the purpose shall be taken from a public supply or other source of drinking water or
shell be effective purified before it is so used.

 Over-crowding.
 There shall be in every work-room of a factory a least 9.9 cubic meters (for the
factories existing before this Act) and 14.2 cubic meters for factory build after this Act)
of space of every workers.

 Lighting
 In every part of the factory where workers are working or passing their shall be
provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial or both,
 All glazed windows and sky lights used for lighting shall be kept clean and free from
obstruction.
 Effective provision shall be made to prevent glaze and the formation of shadows.
 Drinking water
 In every factory, effective arrangements shall be made to provide and
maintain at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers
employed therein a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water,

 All such points shall be legibly marked ‘drinking water’ in a language

understood by majority of the workers employed in the factory. No such
points shall be situated within six meters of any washing place, urinal,
latrine, spittoon, open drain carrying effluent or any other sources of
contamination unless a shorter distance is approved in writing by the
Chief Inspector,

 In every factory wherein more than 250 workers are ordinarily employed,
provision shall be made for cooling drinking water during hot water by
effective means and for distribution thereof.
 Latrines and Urinals.
 Sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed types shall be
provided conveniently situated and accessible to workers at the time while
they are at the factory;
 Separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and female
workers;
 Such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and ventilated.
 All such accommodation shall be maintained in clean and sanitary
condition at all time;
 Sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty would be to keep clean
latrines, urinals and washing places.
Factory more than 250 workers
 All latrine and urinal accommodation shall be of prescribed sanitary type;
 The floors and internal walks, up to a height of 90 centimeters.
 Latrine and urinals shall be washed and clean at least once in 7 days with
suitable detergents or disinfectants or with both.
 Spittoons
 In every factory, there shall be provided a sufficient number spittoons at
convenient place and they shall be maintained in clean and hygienic
condition.
 No person shall spit within the premises of factory except in the spittoons
provided for the purpose.

 Safety measures.
 Facing of machinery.
 Work on near machinery in motion.
 Employment prohibition of young persons on dangerous machines.
 Striking gear and devices fro cutting off power.
 Self-acting machines.
 Casing of new machinery.
 Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton-openers.
 Hoists and lifts.
 Welfare measures
 Washing facilities.
 Facilities for storing and drying clothing
 Facilities fro sitting
 First-aid appliances – one first aid box not less than one for every 150
workers.
 Canteens when there are 250 or more workers
 Shelters, res rooms and launch rooms when there are 150 or more workers.
 Creches when there are 30 or more women workers.
 Welfare office when there are 500 or more workers.

 Annual Leave with Wages

 A worker having worked for 240 days @ one day for every 20 days and for
child on day for working of 15 days.
 Accumulation of leave for 30 days.
 Working Hours, Spread over & overtime of Adults.

 Weekly hours not more than 48

 Daily hour, not more than 9 hours
 Intervals for rest at least ½ hour on working for 5 hours
 Spread over not more than 10 ½ hours.
 Overlapping shifts prohibited.
 Extra wages for overtime double than normal rate of wages
 Restrictions on employment of women before 6 Am and beyond 7 PM

• Employment of Young Persons

 Prohibition of employment of young children e.g. 14 years.

 Non-adult workers to carry tokens e.g. certificate of fitness.
 Working hours for children not more than 4 ½ hrs and not permitted to
work during night shift.
Thank
you