Materia

and
conscious
ness
Materia
(matter)
 Is the world that exists out of our
consciousness.
Consciousness
 Is the world of our thoughts, feelings, ideas,
dreams. It’s our internal world.
 Everything in this world is
matter or consciousness.

materia consciousness
 Substance (substantia)

 Is something that exists by itself, on its

own basis and needs nothing for its
existence.
 Is something that remains after all
changes, it is unchanged through
transitions.
 Substance can be either matter or
consciousness.
 Problem

 Is Matter the Substance?

 Is Consciousness the Substance?
 
Materialism
Holds that all things are composed
of material and all phenomena
(including consciousness) are the result of
material interactions. In other words,
matter is the only substance.

Ancient Greek philosophers believed that the

world started from 4 material substances: water,
air, fire and ground.
German phil. (1818 -
1883)

Karl Marx

Greek phil. ( ca. 460 BC -

370 BC)

Democritus
Idealism

Idealism is the philosophical theory which

maintains that the ultimate nature of reality
is based on non-physical substance: God,
Divine Cosmic Source, Universal
Consciousness.
Greek phil. (ca. 428 – 427 BC)

Plato

German phil. (1770 -

1831)

Friedrich
Hegel