HOUSING BUILDING AND PLANNING

__________________________________________

NAME:IRWIN JUPELISH

NO MATRIC: 99715

SUBJECT: RPK 334 (TRAFFIC PLANNING)

LECTURER: MR AZIZAN HUSSIN

SUBMISSION DATE: 23 SEPTEMBER 2010

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INTRODUCTION

Rapid development occurring at present, especially in this country

led to the development of all aspects.This development provide so

many benefit to all of us which our lifestyle going to improve then

make our live more easy.Toward the 2020 vision the government

currently going to develop in many aspect include the road

Infrastructure.In term of infrastructure the government going to create

so many roads to make connection between the town even the rural

areas.Generally the road exactly used by car or so many types of

transportation.

In Malaysia there have provided the classification of road such as

Expressway,National highway,Arterial way,Collector road and Local

road.Expressway way can be definite as a single point of access

roads to traffic with full access control were designed according of

high standards and have grade separation on each junction .This road

offer the faster travel speed and comfort for all transport .In rural

areas it serves as a basic network for road transport link with the

capital in every state.In rural areas Expressway to be a basic network

of transport systems which complements the rural Expressway

between the town.The National highway is a middle of the road

network between states in this country to complete the network, its

connected the state capital expressway.Generally this road

connecting with the Federal capital and the points of in / out in this

country.

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 This road offer the remote and simple route on a relatively high rate

of speed or movement.For a smooth highway its provided with partial

access control.For the Arterial way basically this way works to route

traffic in a continuous way, in urban areas its offers a middle distance

trips and usually connect to centres of growth city.Speed its not

important in this way but the smooth flow of traffic is very important

because the volume of traffic on these roads are usually very high

hence partial access control is needed in this way.

The collector road is a major road in central area in urban growth

This road offer a an short and medium travel.Speedin this road is not

important but the smooth flow of traffic needed.Same with the Arterial

road its very important to provided the partial access control.For the

local road, these road including of urban road network and connect to

the road collector.Its works to serve local traffic with the short travel

distances and usually without access control.

Traffic definition

Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded

animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or

together, while using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic

laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while

rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may

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have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of

traffic.Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes,

right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections.

Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked

lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs.

Traffic is often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car,

truck); other vehicle (e.g., moped, bicycle); and pedestrian. Different

classes may share speed limits and easement, or may be segregated.

Some jurisdictions may have very detailed and complex rules of the

road while others rely more on drivers' common sense and willingness

to cooperate.

Organization typically produces a better combination of travel

safety and efficiency. Events which disrupt the flow and may cause

traffic to degenerate into a disorganized mess include of road

construction, collisions and debris in the roadway. On particularly busy

freeways, a minor disruption may persist in a phenomenon known as

traffic waves. A complete breakdown of organization may result in

traffic jams and gridlock. Simulations of organized traffic frequently

involve queuing theory, stochastic processes and equations of

mathematical physics applied to traffic flow.

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Traffic review in Malaysia

Currently,the statistic of road accident in Malaysia increase by the

year.The annual statistic show that the road accident causes by the

vehichles,road user even the infrastructure.The road accident is not a

new trend in this country, its start many times ago when the

infrastructure was provided and the increasing of vehicles produced

contribute this road accident.Usually the road accident mostly occur

when the end of year especially on the holiday such as Hari

Raya,Chinese New Year,Deepavali and so on which most people go to

travel in long distance for purpose to go back their hometown.

Another that the illegal racing(mat rempit) also contribute to this

road accident.Even the government do so many rule to avoid this road

accident but its not in controlled.For example the government

introduce some regulation such put the signboard to remind the driver

so that do not drive in higer speed and implement of summons but its

not be function as well.So the road accident actually seem like

something occur out of our control.Its can be happen when most of

driver its not to be care and comes suddenly,simple to say its depend

on our fate but not it all so many causes need to be consider.So

according the latest statistic of road accident in this country we can

analyse the causes and plan some solution for the future.

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The latest statistic by the national holiday based on the Ops Sikap

start from 2007 until 2010 are show below

2007 / 2008 / 2009 / 2010

TYPES ACCIDENT FATAL DEATH DEATH PERDAY
(11.02.07 - 25.02.07)
TAHUN BARU CINA
OPS SIKAP XII 15911 202 225 15

(7.10.07 - 21.10.07)
HARI RAYA AIDILFITRI
OPS SIKAP X
5526 22 81 13.5
1V(KHAS)
(6.11.07 - 11.11.07)
DEEPAVALI
OPS SIKAP XV 13,625 192 210 14

(19.12.07 - 2.1.08)

KRISMAS / TAHUN BARU

OPS SIKAP XVI 14,991 178 190 13

(31.01.08 - 14.02.08)

TAHUN BARU CINA

OPS SIKAP XVII 15,996 186 208 13.9

(24.09.08 - 08.10.08)

HARI RAYA AIDILFITRI

OPS SIKAP XVIII

5,616 45 95 15.8
( KHAS )
TYPES ACCIDENT FATAL DEATH DEATH PERDAY

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(24.10.08 - 29.10.08)

DEEPAVALI

OPS SIKAP XIX 14,618 198 212 14.1

(19.01.09 - 02.02.09)

TAHUN BARU CINA

OPS SIKAP XX 17,335 237 261 17.4

(24.10.09 - 29.10.09)

HARI RAYA AIDILFITRI

OPS SIKAP XXI 14,185 178 201 13.4

(07.02.10 - 20.02.10)

TAHUN BARU CINA

From the statistic above we can see that the higer total of road
accident occur occur on Hari Raya.It is commonly because on that
holiday mostly of people going back to their village especially for
muslim people then its will make the road is crowded.So this situation
may to invite the road accident.

Causes Of Road Accident

Infrastructure

The most causes of road accident is contribute by road

infrastructure especially the improper intersection design of road and

provision of street lighting.Improper design at intersection can cause

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significant increase of accident.

Currently, accident occurrence at intersection is mostly which the vehicle

going to collision each other such as rear end collision. Usually this accident
cause by improper design of right turn which did not provide enough storage
lane for vehicle while wait to turn right. These improper intersection design
causes the vehicle don’t have enough sight distances.Situation of multiple
intersection at 1 km road stretch around 15 junctions/km increased
possibility for accident to occur.

The provision of street lighting also causes this road accident.

Without proper street lighting and low visibility especially at junction

during nighttimes will give higher cases of accident especially to the

pedestrian.Usually when the vehicles are faced from the front view the

light which come out by the vehicles on front may to stir the driver

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view so the the street lighting is important to gave the driver more

vision on right and left side.Many cases occur on the dark area mainly

involved the pedestrian and the vehicles.In this area mostly vehicles

cannot see the pedestrian when they are on the back side especially

the pedestrian who wear the black clothes.Sometimes the vehicles

light is not be function properly then they may to hit the pedestrian.

Road user

With increase of road network and vehicle’s specification, most of

new vehicle will drove exceeding the posted speed limit. This may due

to the availability and visibility of existing road signage. Furthermore,

none realistic speed limit may impose to further increase in speeding

motorist.

Road user is the individual that can to determine the road accident

They control the vehicle whether going fast or slow depend on their

attitude on side.This individual can make accident anytime if they

want,its show in the case which have a person going to suicide by its

own vehicles caused of personal problems like a lot of stress then

drive very fast for suicide purpose.But in the same time they don’t

relize that its can involved others vehiche and make others road user

in dangerous situation.

The attidude is playing important role to determine the causes of

road accident.In Malaysia have a lot of road user that not

responsibility,they didn’t care about the rule provided,they just ignore

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and going to get more comfortable.For example they always ignore

about the traffic light.Then when they do not obey the rule hence they

got an accident.Most of them always drive fast so that can arrive to

their destination in short time but when their drive more than speed as

show on the signboard they can get wretched and involve others

vehicles.

Another that the individual that bring the vehicles in drunk

condition is mostly common causes that contribute the road

accident.When their drive in drunk condition they didn’t relize that they

actually drive very fast because they are influence of alcohol.So they

going to get trouble in road side.

Strategy To Reduce The Road Accident

From the causes that has been detected hence the solution should

be follow up so that the road accident can be reduce for the common

interest.Here is the best solution which according to the causes of

road accident by the infrastructure and road user.

In term infrastructure,The intersection should be improve which

provide Offset left-turns at intersection left-turn lanes without offset

may not provide adequate sight distance to approaching vehicles.Its

will be more safety for vehicle when to turn over. Beside that this is an

option which provide longer left-turn lanes at Intersection then the

length of left lane must includes the entering taper, deceleration

length and storage.

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 The provision of street light should be more as more light is better

so that the road user view can be focus.Most important to provide the

street light on the pedestrian centre to avoid the road accident among

the vehicles and pedestrian.

For the road user,the attitude should be change as well when on

the road side because its important to reduce the accident.Moral value

need to apply among of road user for common interest.Should be

patient when on the traffic light and do not ignore the rule.The

authorities should need to more strictly and be honest when they

doing the job especially in the case of a summons.The road user are

not allowed to drive under alcohol influence and should be

banned.Create the new regulation for this case and should be more

strictly hence road user never to drive when their drunk.

Reffrences
www.jkjr.gov.my/statistics.
www.keselamatanjalan.jkr.gov.my
Road Safety Dlm Wikipedia The Free Encylopedia. 2005. (Ensiklopedia Internet).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_safety.

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