Types

 Parking Brake
 Service Brake
 Hydraulic
 Disc Brakes
 Drum Brakes
 Dual System
 Antilock Brake System (ABS)
Play Principles of Braking
Brake System Principles
 Kinetic
Energy
 Mass
 Weight
 Speed
 Inertia and
Momentum
Coefficient of Friction
Video
 Parking Brake

 Not an “Emergency” Brake

 Used specifically to keep a parked
vehicle from moving
 Usually on rear wheels only
 Mechanically operated
 Static Friction: at rest friction- More
friction
 Kinetic Friction: in motion friction- less
friction
Typical Parking Brake
Play Parking Break Video
Play Parking Brake
Adjustment Video

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 Service Brakes

 Primary Braking System

 Should be stronger than the engine
 Hydraulic Operated
 Can be Vacuum, Hydro or Motor
assisted
 Disc System
 Drum System
 Dual System
Typical System
 Hydraulic Principles

 Fluids cannot be compressed

 Fluids can transmit Movement
 Acts “Like a steel rod” in a closed
container
 Master cylinder transmits fluid to wheel
cylinder or caliper piston bore.
 Fluids can transmit and increase
force
Force
Pressure
Area
 Hydraulics
 Simplified Hydraulic Brake System
 Drum Brake
 Master Cylinder
 Disk Brake
 Hydraulic pressure is
distributed equally in all
directions
Same line pressure to
all wheels
 The Hydraulic pressure is the
same, but the applied force can
be changed by the piston size
 The applied
pressure can
be raised or
lowered by
piston size
Play Hydraulic Pressure
Video
 Brake Pedal Design
Advantage by Leverage
 First Mechanical
Advantage is
Driver’s foot
 Length of Lever
determines force
applied
 Uses Fulcrum
 Pedal Ratio
10 5:1 2.5 inches
2 0.5 inch
5
Play Break Pedal
Leverage Video

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 System Basics
 Hydraulic
actuation allows
multiplication of
pedal force.
 In this system, a
10lb force on the
pedal produces
360 lbs of force
at the friction
surface.
Play Break Lines & Hose Video

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 Brake Fluid
 Properties of Brake Fluid
 Does not thicken or then with
changing heat
 Must not boil
 Must be compatible with brake parts
material
 Must lubricate internal parts
 Must not evaporate easily
 Brake Fluid types
DOT= Department of Transportation
High #= High stands, quality and boiling point
 DOT 3 and 4- • DOT 5-
 Polyglycol based • Silicone Based
 Most common • Used only for heavy
 Compatible with duty applications
• Not Compatible with
one another
4&5
 Inexpensive
• Very Expensive
 Destroys paint
• Does not damage
 Ruined by moister paint
 Fluid Contaminates
 Moister- Lowers boiling point
 water boils @ 212*F DOT 3 boils @ 401*F
 Petroleum Based Product-
 soften rubber parts causing swelling
 Dirt & Debris-
 causes corrosion and clogs
 Air and Vapors-
 Compressible prevents pressure from
reaching brakes
Play Break Fluid Video
 Master Cylinder

 Provides a reservoir for brake fluid and

contains the driving pistons in the
hydraulic circuit
 2 Types
Front - Rear split
-One piston for front brakes and one for rear
-If a leak occurs you could lose front brakes
Diagonally split
-One piston drives one front wheel and one rear wheel
-Diagonal layout allows you to maintain directional
control if a leak occurs
Play Tandem Master
Cylinder Video
Play Divide System Video
Power Booster in closed
position
Play Power Booster Video

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 Drum Brakes
 Expanding shoes
create force on the
inner surface of the
drum
 Used on the rear of
some trucks and
SUV’s
 Self-energizing
design requires less
activation force
 Require periodic
adjustment
Drum Brake System
 Vented Rotors
Vented Rotors have Fins in the spaces
between their machined surfaces.
These spaces allow air to pass through,
which helps carry heat away.
 Nonvented Rotor
Non Vented Rotors are used on smaller
vehicles, and have no cooling fins
Play Brake Disc Video

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Disc Brake Caliper
Assembly
 Caliper Types
There are 2 types of Calipers
 Fixed
 Calipers are disc brakes that use a caliper that
is FIXED in position and does not slide. They
have pistons on both sides of the disc. There
may be 2 or 4 pistons per caliper
 Floating
 Much more common
 Single Piston
 Easier to work with
 On “inboard” side of caliper
 Fixed Caliper

•Motorcycles and
some import trucks
and cars use this type

•Similar to bicycle
brakes
Sliding Caliper

 Applies pressure
to two pads on
opposite sides of
rotor
 Caliper
 Sliding
 Fixed
 Friction Material
exposed to air
 Fixed Caliper
 Applies two
pistons to
opposite sides of
rotor
 Caliper stays
stationary
 Disc Brakes
require higher
hydraulic pressure
Play Disc Brake Calipers
Video

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 Diagnosis
Several different types of
Complaints
Noise
Pulsation
Pedal travel
More later…
Brake Noise

Wear
Indicator
 Brake Pulsation
Usually a
warped Rotor
Rotor needs
trued on a
brake lathe
 Pedal Travel
•Excessive pedal travel
•Pedal feels soft and squishy
•Requires excessive effort to
stop vehicle or my cause
brakes to not function at
all
NO BRAKES!!!!
Play Drum Brake
Inspection Video

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Play Disc Brake
Inspection Video

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 Anti-Lock Brakes
 A locked (sliding) wheel offers less
braking force than a decelerating
rolling wheel
 The locked wheel also produces little
lateral force, preventing steering
control
 Anti-Lock systems (ABS) monitor
wheel lock-up and modulate brake
pressure to provide controlled
braking under most circumstances
Play ABS Principles Video

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 Anti-Lock Brakes
 System can have 2, 3 or 4 channels
 Trucks typically use 3 channel with
only one sensor for the rear axle
 Most modern cars use 4 channel
system
 Wheel speed sensors monitor each
wheel speed
 ABS controller and high-pressure
pump increase or reduce pressure to
wheels in order to maintain consistent
wheel speeds
Play ABS video

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Play Drum, Disc, & ABS
Video

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 Other Braking Systems
 Air Brakes
 Exhaust Brakes
 Electric or Trailer Brake
 Play Disc Brake
Replacement Video
Play Replacing
The Rotor Video

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 Play Drum Brake
Replacement Video

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