1.

Escherichia coli - is a Gram negative rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the
Lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
- Virulent strains of E. coli can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections,
and neonatal meningitis.
2. Klebsiella pneumonia - is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose
fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium found in
the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines.
- The most common infection caused by Klebsiella bacteria outside the
hospital is pneumonia
3. Proteus vulgaris - is a rod-shaped, Gram negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal
tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water and fecal
matter. It is grouped with the enterobacteriaceae and is an
opportunistic pathogen of humans.
- It is known to cause urinary tract infections and wound infections.
4. Yersinia pestis - is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family
Enterobacteriaceae. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans
and other animals.
- Y. pestis, most of the spreading occurs between rodents and fleas. In the
sylvatic cycle, the rodent is wild, but in the urban cycle, the rodent is
domestic
5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - is a common bacterium which can cause disease in humans and
non-human animals. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most
man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only
in normal atmospheres, but also with little oxygen, and has thus
colonized many natural and artificial environments.
6. Chlamydia trachomatis - an obligate intracellular human pathogen, is one of three bacterial
species in the genus Chlamydia. structurally the organism is
Gram- negative. Identified in 1907, C. trachomatis was the first
chlamydial agent discovered in humans.
- Both sexes can display urethritis, proctitis (rectal disease and bleeding),
trachoma, and infertility. The bacterium can cause prostatitis and epididymitis
in men. In women, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic
pregnancy, and acute or chronic pelvic pain are frequent complications. C.
trachomatis is also an important neonatal pathogen, where it can lead to
infections of the eye (trachoma) and pulmonary complications.
7. Rickettsia rickettsii - causes the malady known as Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF).
RMSF is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick while feeding on
warm-blooded animals, including humans. Humans are accidental hosts
in the rickettsia–tick life cycle and are not required to maintain the
rickettsiae in nature.

8. Coxiella burnetii - is a species of intracellular, pathogenic bacteria, and is the causative agent
of Q fever. The genus Coxiella is morphologically similar to Rickettsia, but
with
a variety of genetic and physiological differences. C. burnetii are small
Gram negative bacteria with two growth phases, as well as a spore form
which lies idle in soil. It can survive standard disinfectants, and is resistant to
 many other environmental changes like those presented in the
phagolysosome.
9. Campylobacter jejuni - is a species of curved, rod-shaped, non-spore forming, Gram-negative
microaerophilic, bacteria commonly found in animal feces. It is one of
the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world.
Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely
debilitating but is rarely life-threatening
10. Helicobacter pylori - is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that can inhabit various
areas of the stomach, particularly the antrum. It causes a chronic low-level
inflammation of the stomach lining and is strongly linked to the
development of duodenal and gastric ulcers and stomach cancer. Over
80%
of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic.
11. Vibrio cholera - is a gram negative comma-shaped bacterium with a polar flagellum that causes
cholera in humans.V. cholerae and other species of the genus Vibrio belong to
the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria.   There are two major biotypes of
V. cholerae, classical and El Tor, and numerous serogroups.

12. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae - are fastidious Gram-negative cocci that required nutrien
supplementation to grow in laboratory cultures. Specifically,
they grow on chocolate agar with carbon dioxide. These cocci
are
facultatively intracellular and typically appear in pairs (diplococci),
in
the shape of coffee beans. Of the eleven species of Neisseria that
colonize humans, only two are pathogens.
12. Neisseria meningitides - is a heterotrophic gram-negative diplococcal bacterium best known
for its role in meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease
such as meningococcemia. N. meningitidis is a major cause of
morbidity and mortality during childhood in industrialized countries
and is responsible for epidemics in Africa and in Asia.
13. Bacillus anthracis - is a Gram-positive spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, with a width of
1-1.2µm and a length of 3-5µm. It can be grown in an ordinary nutrient
medium under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
14. Clostridium botulinum - is a rod-shaped microorganism. It is an obligate anaerobe, meaning
that oxygen is poisonous to the cells. However, C. botulinum tolerates
traces of oxygen due to the enzyme called
superoxidedismutase(SOD)
which is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to
oxygen.

15. Clostridium perfringers - is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium

of the genus Clostridium. C. perfringens is ubiquitous in nature and
can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation, marine
sediment, the intestinal tract of humans and other vertebrates,
insects,
and soil.
16. Clostridium tetani - C. tetani is a rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe which stains Gram positive in
 fresh cultures; established cultures may stain Gram negative. During
vegetative growth, the organism cannot survive in the presence of
oxygen,
is heat-sensitive and exhibits flagellar motility. As the bacterium matures,
it
develops a terminal spore, which gives the organism its characteristic
appearance. C. tetani spores are extremely hardy as they are resistant to
heat
and most antiseptics. The spores are distributed widely in manure-treated
soils and can also be found on human skin and in contaminated heroin.
17. Corynebacterium diphtheria - Four subspecies are recognized: C. diphtheriae mitis, C.
diphtheriae intermedius, C. diphtheriae gravis, and C. diphtheriae
belfanti. The four subspecies differ slightly in their colonial morphology
and biochemical properties such as the ability to metabolize certain
nutrients, but all may be toxigenic.
18. Staphylococcus aureus - is a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus, which appears as
grape-like clusters when viewed through a microscope and has large,
round, golden-yellow colonies, often with hemolysis, when grown on
blood agar plates. The golden appearance is the etymological root of
the bacteria's name; aureus means "golden" in Latin.
19. Staphylococcus saprophyticus - is a coagulase-negative species of Staphylococcus bacteria.
S. saprophyticus is often implicated in urinary tract infections. S.
saprophyticus is resistant to the antibiotic Novobiocin, a
characteristic
that is used in laboratory identification to distinguish it from S.
epidermidis, which is also coagulase- negative.
- It is implicated in 10-20% of urinary tract infections (UTI). In females between
the ages of ca. 17-27 it is the second most common cause of UTIs. It may
also reside in the urinary tract and bladder of sexually active females. S.
saprophyticus is phosphatase-negative, urease and lipase positive.
20. Streptococcus pyogenes - is a spherical gram-positive bacterium that grows in long chains and
is
the cause of Group A streptococcal infections. S. pyogenes displays
streptococcal group A antigen on its cell wall. S. pyogenes typically
produces
large zones of beta-hemolysis (the complete disruption of erythrocytes and
the release of hemoglobin) when cultured on blood agar plates and are
therefore also called Group A (beta-hemolytic) Streptococcus.

21. Streptococcus pneumoniae, - or pneumococcus, is gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, bile

soluble
aerotolerant anaerobe and a member of the genus Streptococcus.
A significant human pathogenic bacterium, S. pneumoniae was recognized as
a
major cause of pneumonia in the late 19th century and is the subject of many
humoral immunity studies.
 - S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults
and children and dogs and is one of the top two isolates found in ear
infection, otitis media.
22. Mycobacterium tuberculosis - is a pathogenic bacterial species in the genus Mycobacterium
and
the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis. The physiology of M.
tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a
pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, MTB infects the lungs,
causing
tuberculosis.
23. Mycobacterium leprae - also known as Hansen’s coccus spirilly, mostly found in warm
tropical
countries, is a bacterium that causes leprosy .It is an intracellular,
pleomorphic, acid-fast bacterium. M. leprae is an aerobic rod-shaped (bacillus)
surrounded by the characteristic waxy coating unique to mycobacteria. In size
and shape, it closely resembles Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Due to its thick
waxy coating, M. leprae stains with a carbol fuscin rather than with the
traditional Gram stain. The culture takes several weeks to mature.
24. Borrelia burgdorferi - is a species of Gram negative bacteria of the spirochete class of the
genus
Borrelia. B. burgdorferi is predominant in North America, but also exists in
Europe, and is the agent of Lyme disease. B. burgdorferi is one of the few
pathogenic bacteria that can survive without iron, having replaced all of its
iron-sulfur cluster enzymes with enzymes that use manganese, thus avoiding
the problem many pathogenic bacteria face in acquiring iron.