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SOURCE OF RICE:
 Rice is the seed of the monocot plant Oryza sativa.
 As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a
large part of the world's human population, especially in
East, South, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Latin America,
and the West Indies.
 It is the grain with the second highest worldwide production,
after maize (corn)
 The rice plant can grow to 1²1.8 m tall, occasionally more
depending on the variety and soil fertility.
 Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with
low labour costs and high rainfall.



 Milling is the process wherein the rice grain is
transformed into a form suitable for human
consumption.
 Brown rice is milled further to create a more visually
appealing white rice.
 After harvesting and drying, the paddy is subjected to
the primary milling operation which includes de-
husking. In this process the rice which is obtained
after milling is called raw rice.
 An other process through which rice is obtained
after milling is called "Parboiling Riceµ.
 Nearly 60% of the total rice produced in India is
subjected to parboiling.
 Rice milling losses may be qualitative or
quantitative in nature.
 Quantitative or physical losses are manifested by
low milling recovery while the high percentage of
broken kernel reflects the qualitative loss in rice
grains.
w
 w

 
 TRADITIONAL METHOD:
Before the advent of mechanical milling, hand-pounding
traditional method of rice milling was in practice. In fact,
hand-pounding rice has got more nutritive value as
compared to machine milling rice. In hand-pounding, a
variety of implements is used such as :
 Mortor and Pestle
 Dhenki
 Hand Stone (Chakki)
MECHANICAL METHOD:
 With the introduction of mechanized mills, hand-
pounding method has steadily decreased because
it could not compete with machine mills. The
conventional mills in use can be categorized into
three main types :
 Huller mills
 Sheller-Huller mills
 Sheller-Cone Polisher mills.
RICE MILL PROCESSING:
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 The process for modernisation of rice milling
industry in the country was initiated in 1970.
 Higher yields of rice and better quality of by-
products such as bran and husk, suitable for edible
oil/industrial oil extraction and as a source of fuel
respectively.
 The Rice Milling Industry (Regulation) Act 1958 and
the Rice Milling Industry (Regulation and Licensing)
Rules 1959 were amended.
 In view of the sustained efforts made by the Government,
the number of modern/modernised rice mills have gone up
from practically nil in 1970 to 34113 in 1995
 . Also the quantity of rice bran processed for oil extraction
has increased from 1.87 lakh tonnes in 1970-71 to 31.0
lakh tonnes in 1993-94.
GROWTH RATE OF MODERN RICE MILL:
POST HARVST TECHNOLOGY FOR RICE IN INDIA
:
 India produces about 93 million tons of rice,
which is about one-fifth of world production.
 India is the second-largest rice producing
country in the world.
 India exports rice valued at about US$1.4
billion, of which Basmati is $420 million and
non-Basmati is $980 million
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERNISATION PROGRAM:
 In 1955, the government of India set up a
committee to examine the problems concerning the
development of a rice-milling industry.
 It recommended that preference be given to
sheller-type mills over the existing metallic huller.
 On the basis of these recommendations, the
government promulgated the Rice Milling Industry
(Regulation and Licensing) Act and the Rules
thereof for regulating the industry.
 Further, modern mills yielded by-products (husk and bran)
separately for better end uses.
 The government of India recognized for improving the entire
post harvest technology of the paddy/rice system.
 Accordingly, the Rice Milling Industry (Regulation) Act,
1958, and Rice Milling Industry (Regulation and Licensing)
Rules, 1959, were amended in 1968 and 1970,
respectively.
MODERNISATION OF HULLER RICE MILLS:
 Over the years, several designs of low-cost mini rice mills
became available in the country.
 In July 1976, by an amendment to the Rice Mill Industry
Rules, provision was made for the gradual modernization of
single-huller mills.
 A huller subsidy scheme with 50% of the cost to encourage
the modernization of huller mills.
MODERNISATION OF PADDY PARBOILING:
 In 1950·s- the Indian Council of Medical Research sponsored
research at the Central Food Technological Research Institute
(CFTRI), Mysore, and Jadavpur University, Calcutta, for
improving the paboiling and drying processes.
 In 1957-58, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture
recommended the new technique of parboiling.
MODERNISATION OF PADDY/ RICE STORAGE:
 In 1965-66, the ´Save Grain Campaignµ was organized by the
Government.
 It covers 19 states/union territories to popularize an effective
method of grain storage among farmers, traders, etc..
 The Indian Grain Storage Institute was established at Hapur,
for conducting applied research, development, and training in
grain storage with the assistance of the United Nations
Development Programme.
PRESENT POSITION OF THE INDUSTRY:
 Rice post harvest technology in India has come a long way over
the past three decades.
 Now, more than 50% of the overall rice production is processed
by modern mills, about 40% by traditional mills, and about 10%
by hand pounding.
 Fifty percent of the total paddy production is parboiled.
 The estimated losses in storage and handling are about 10%.
 Rice husks are primarily used as fuel in husk-fired furnaces to
produce steam through a boiler for parboiling.
 At present in India, a large number of trained
technical personnel are available.
 Many research workers are actively involved in
rice post harvest technology research.
 India manufactures and also exports all types
of rice-processing machinery and equipment.
 India also provides training to foreign
personnel.
LIST OF RICE MILLING INDUSTRIES:
 Rajarana impex ² Gujarat
 Forsberg Agritech India Private Limited ² Gujarat
 S. S. Milling And Engineering Co.-Uttar Pradesh
 Perfect Equipments- Chennai
 Kantam International-West Bengal
 Sanjeev Agro Private Limited - Punjab
 Bhullar Engineers - Punjab
 Grapes IP India and Company- Punjab
 Sager Scrap- Gujarat
REFERENCES:
 FAI (Fertilizer Association of India). 2003. Fertilizer
statistics. New Delhi (India): FAI.
 MA (Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India). 1971.
Modern versus traditional rice mills³a performance study.
Delhi (India): MA.
 MFPI (Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government
of India). 2003. Annual report. New Delhi (India): MFPI.