10.

3
Systems of Linear Equations:
Matrices
A matrix is defined as a rectangular array of
numbers,
Column 1 Column 2 Column j Column n

Row 1

Row 2

Row 3

Row 4
Augmented Matrix:
Row Operations on an Augmented
Matrix

1. Interchange any two rows.

2. Replace a row by a nonzero multiple
of that row.
3. Replace a row by the sum of that row
and a constant multiple of some other row.
Echelon Form of an Augmented Matrix
 Solve

Find the augmented matrix:

Find the echelon form.

R2=-2 R1+ R2
 R2 =R2/3

R3 =-4R2+R3
 R3=R3*(-3/25)

The third row of the matrix represents the

equation z =-7/25. Substituting this into the
equation represented by the second row we get:
 Let z =-7/25, y =-44/25 in the first:

Solution is:
Solve

using a graphing utility.

 Substitute z = 5 into the second.

Substitute z=5, y =-2 into the first.

Solution is (x, y, z) = (1, -2, 5).
Solve using a graphing utility:

Using rref(.) function we get:

Dependent system: Infinitely many solutions.

Solve for y from the second: Solve for x from the first:

Solution is (x, y, z) = (18/5 - (7/5)z, 7/5 + (2/5)z, z)