HOMOMORPHIC FILTERING

PRESENTED BY
K.UDAY KUMAR
R NO:94015
M.TECH (E.I) IIIRD SEM
 IMAGE FORMATION MODEL

Images are denoted by two dimensional functions of

the form f(x,y).
0<f(x,y)<∞
The functio f(x,y) may be characterized by two
components

1) Illumination
2) Reflection
The two functions combine as a product to form
f(x,y):
f(x,y)=i(x,y)r(x,y)

0<i(x,y)<∞
and
0<r(x,y)<1
The fourier transform of the product of two
functions is not seperable :
Ŧ{f(x,y)} ≠Ŧ {i(x,y)}Ŧ{r(x,y)}

Suppose if we define
z(x,y)=ln f(x,y)
=ln i(x,y)+ln r(x,y)
Then
Ŧ{ z(x,y)} =Ŧ {ln(f(x,y)}
= Ŧ{ln i(x,y)}+Ŧ{ln r(x,y)}

Z(u,v) =Fi(x,y) +Fr(x,y)

Now if we process Z(u,v)by means of a filter function
H(u,v) then
S(u,v)= H(u,v)Z(u,v)
= H(u,v) Fi(u,v) + H(u,v) Fr(u,v)
s(x,y) =Ŧ-1{S(u,v)}
=Ŧ-1 {H(u,v) Fi(u,v)} + Ŧ-1{H(u,v) Fr(u,v)}
By letting
i’(x,y) = Ŧ-1 {H(u,v) Fi(u,v)}
And
r’(x,y) = Ŧ-1{H(u,v) Fr(u,v)},
Now s(x,y) can be expressed as
s(x,y) = i’(x,y)+r’(x,y)
Enhanced image g(x,y) is

g(x,y)=es(x,y)
=e i’(x,y). er’(x,y)

=i(x,y) r(x,y)
 f(u,v) H(u,v)F(u,v)
Filter Inverse
Fourier
function Fourier
transform
H(u,v) transform

Pre Post
-processing -processing

f(x,y) g(x,y)
Input image enhanced image
 Homomorphic filtering for image enhancement

f(x,y)

ln DFT H(u,v)
g(x,y)

Inverse DFT exp

The illumination component of an image generally is
characterized by slow spatial variations.
Reflectance components tend to vary abruptly at the
junctions of dissimilar objects.
Control can be gained over the illumination and
reflectance components with a homomorphic filter.
Filter function
original image image processed by homomorphic filtering
 conclusions

Application of homomorphic filtering results in

 Sharper image
 Increase in contrast
 Increase in dynamic range compression