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11. POMaH.o, C. Canna, r.lBs,o,lt(l!1l, E. Boro

KaTanor U7350052 ISBN 88-418-2686-3

© 1996 lstituto Geografico De Agostini S.p.A .. , Novara

© NUQva edizione 2003 Istitu~o G.eografioo De Agostini S.p.A., Novara

© Ediziorte rivista e aggiornata. 2005 Is~ituto Geografico De Agoslini S.p.A., Novara

ronRMA KHLo1rA 3A )K~IBOl'H~ Ilpeso,q or IIITan~aHCKIIII e'3111K

II grande libro degli .Allimali

npeeo,qa'l nembp reHoB

Pel1eHaeHT CmeAB KYHYPUHB

Pe,o,aKTOp Kal'lUH8 BPb611RHCHa KopeKTop MUAa TOMaHoB'a-Am,fUmpoBa

ISBN-10: 954-01-1908-1 IS8N-13: 978-954~1-1908-3

www.deagostinLit

Aedazione: via Montefeltro, B/A - 20156 Milano

BOIII"l'KII1I npaaaeanaaeua. IHlI1iTO S,QH8i "Iaer He ra,3111 KHL'lra 'He MO)l<a na 6b.tl9 IK,onlllpaHa, aanBM9tRBaH8i B YCTPO"'CTBO, npe,qasaHa no,q paam'l"lHa $opMa II1nlll spea ,eneKTpOHHO YOTpoiilcTSO, lMeXBHIiI'iHO 1<810 IKcepOKonlile., IHa JIIIIOKlI1nlll no ,qpyr Ha"l~H, BKflIO"lLo1TaflHO: KIIIHO, pa,qillo ill TeneBLo13111fl, 6e'3 nlllCMeHOTO csrnacae H8 lt1a,o,aTenFlI.

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e-mail segretsria@aidr.o.orgl

ne"laT: DEAPAINTIING. 'Otlicine Grafiche Novara 1901 S.p.A Novara' .2:005

© nsn.p 83clllnes r,eHoB - npeBO,o, aT IIITenL>13HCI01e3I11K, 2006 r, © ,,rlpocBeT8I - COCPIl1'R" A,Q, BCW'IKIiI npaaa aanaaeHIiI.

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T anoro Ha M8W8CTV1T8 V1M8 8AHaeAVlHCTB8Ha ssrpeuna npa3HV1Ha, KORTO 3anOYBa OTBbH C OTBOP (ycm), YV11t1TO CT8H1t1 ca cuuo VI AItlxaTeneH, CMV1naren8H 1t1 OTA8m1T8- neH opraH. VCTaTa 8 3ao6V1Kon8Ha C S8Hel( OT nVlnana, cHa6A8H1t1 C Ko:n· PVlB,HVI KneTIKMI - KHVlA06nacn1. KoraTO 1K8pTBaT8 ce AOKOCH8 .00 8j:1Ha OT TAX, TA Vl3nYCKa OTpOBHa T8LJHOCT. T8KaBa T8YHOCT, OT.Q8neHa OT KonpVlBHVI Kfl8TKV1, napanVl3V1pa xemsara CneA TOBa nlo'1nanaTa R onpasar KbM YCT8ra.

MewecTVlT8 ca ,onaCHVlI XVlIQHVI-

L4V1, KOVITO C8 Xp8HRT C ManKVI pasera It1 pV16KV1. nopap,VI oco6eHVlR CTpOe.>K M8W8CTVlTe 48CTO ca Vlt:j8anHo CKPV1- Till SbB BO,QHVlTe t:jbn6V1HVI VI ca IKlt1BVI KanaHVI. DBa OCHOBHVI TIIIna CTPYKfYPVI ce CpeLl18T npV1 MeweCTVlT8 - nonan ~ Me'AY3B. T e ca pa3m1YHVl cpa3V1 H8 pa3BVlTlt1e Ha IKVIBOTHOTO. Jlapsara (nbpBara cpa3a) MOlKe A8 e nplt1KpeneHa V1 Aa e nOl1lt1n, a Bb3pacTHVlRT V1H,QVlBVlA na e nogBV1- >K8H. Vlnlt1 06P8THO - naps8T8 A8 e nOAB1t11KH8, a Bb3pacTHOro >KV1BOTHO - Hen O,D,B VlIKHO , KaTO npVl KOpanV1Te. CTe-

HVlT8 Ha TFlnOTO H8 MeW8CTVlT8 C8 CbeTOAT OT ABa KIl8TbYHVl cnOR - BbHWHvtFlT e Hap84€H 8KTOA8pMa lt1 BbTpeWHVlAT - eHAOAepMa. MefI\QY TAX VlM8 >KenenOAo6eH nnaer. 60raT H8 SO,D,a.

B eKTOAepM8ra V1Ma H8gnb>KHVI MyCKy'nHVI HVlWKlt1, a B eH,D,ogepMaTa It1Ma Kpbfnlt1 Myc~nHV1 Hlt1WKIt1. CKa':lalqO'TO AB~)KeH~e, XapaKT8pHO 38 M€AY3t.1Te, ce AbnIKlt1 Ha KOOPAlt1HVlpaHaT8 aKTV1BHOCT Ha Te3V1 ABa BVI,Qa Myc~nHV1 BnaKH8, KOV1TO ce CBV1BaT VI pa3nycKaT.

Dpyrlt1 KIl€TKlt1 Ha MeW8CTVlT8 C8 np8BbpHam B HepBHVl KJleTKVl. T e nOKpVlB8T Bb TpeWHlt1R

cnow Ha mnOTO KBTO 4YBcTBV1TenHa MpelKa.

MeWeCTVlT€ C8 pasnersr Ha TpV1 roneMV1 KIlaca: Xlt1AP030It1, CL\lt1CP030Vl VI KopanV1.

X~',AP030'une Ha6pOFlBaT osono 2700 BVlAa. IIlM8T ManKlt1 pa3MepVI KBTO nonVlnVl V1 Me,D,Y3lt1, Pa3MHO>KaBaT ce Yp83 nbn~BaH8. >Klt1B€m OTgenHo KaTO XV1,D,paTa V1nlt1 Ha KonoHVllt1 KaTO MVlnlllnO,D,V1T€. ClqLul)03;mne C8 BVlHarVl C8MOCTOAT8nHV1 VlHAVlBVlgV1 VI BKIllOLJB8T MeAY3V1Te C ron8MltI Y8,Qbplt1 VI APKt.1 lIB8TOB8. Te Ha6poAsaT 250 BVl,D,8 VI Ha~-ronAMaTa 8 Cyanea 8r~· erica, YVl~TO LJaAbp 8 C ,D,V1aMeTbp osono 2 M.

Ko;panwTe C8 osoro 6500 BVl,Qa VI ca Ha~-MHoro6poL1HVlAT Ha BVl,D,OB8 «nac. nOA cpopMam Ha nonan .>Klt1BeAT n08,QVlHV1YHO KaTO aKTV1HIt1V1T8 v1nV1 MOPCKV1T8 aH8MOHVlV1. nO-4€CTO ca xoroHlt1anHIi1 KaTO Kop8nVlT8 Vl Ma,o,penopVlTe.

run

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MEW ECTlI1

ISESlrPb5HiA'LlIHII1 - MeWeCTl1il

jQbD>KIIIH8 HI nillnanara:

T a31'1 MeAY3a ce cpeua 4eCTO BbB BOAI!1T8 H8 CpeAI'13eMHO Mope 1'1 romare 30HV1 H8 45-80 CM.

Am8HTIII48CKV1R oKe8H.lt1Ma 8 nlilnana, KOIliTO ca MHOro 8naCTV1YHVI. YagbPbT e CI'1- -----------

M8TpV1Y8H C 6en83HV1KaB AO TbMH04epseH LlBRT I npV1nOKpV1T C 6neCTflli.(1t1 ccpepVlYKV1. nplt1 Apa3HeH8 M8,qY3aTa 1.13nbllS8 CS8TnVlHa, KORTO ce B1II;>fI,Q8 ,q06pe rpea HOlllTa.

Pa3MHO>KaBa ce no oc06eH Hat.tVlH. napBara, HapeyeH8 nnaHyn8, ce pa3BIt1S8 OT ornoneHO R~Lle, npeCK8ya cralJ,V1R nomm It1 ce rpespsua Hanpaso B ManKa M8AY3a - ecpV1pa. T 8- Ka ,nSfI·aaU'Rma HRMa Hyt'KAa,Q8 ce 38Kpensa BbPXY cy6crpaTa, KaKTO e nplt1 APyrll1Te noIlV1nlt1, V1 3aTOS8 T11 MO)K8 ,Q8 >KV1See a OTKPV1TO Mope ,QO Vl3paCTS8H8TO ~ KaTO Sb3pacT8H V1HIJ.It1BIt1A. YecTO mIlRM 6po~ MeAY3111 ca V13maCKS8HlIl KbM 6pefOS8Te H8 KOHTVlHeHTIilTe V1 ca Cep1403Ha cracuocr 38 Kbneli.(V1T8 ce. KOIt1TO MO>Ke A8 ce onapRT or AbIlrV1T8 111M nlilnana HRKOIl1 81tl,QOS8 M8,QY3111 MoraT A8 6b,Q8T MHOro onaCHVl sa YOBeK8 III npltl,Qonlt1p na rps,Q1II3BV1Ka.T WOK.

M10PCK14 :KAPAIM:CI>LI1n

J1l11aMeTbp: c pa3nepeHII1 nvman8 AO 60 CM.

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IIIMYHItl3VlpaHI.1 Kb'M

orpceata T e3V1 pV16V1 0611148r Aa npeKapsar ronAM8 -acr OT BpeMeTO M8;>fI,Qy nV1- nanara It! nplt1 MV1HV1- ManHa onaCHOCT oe CKplilSaT cpeA TRX.

X~ApaTa >Kl-1see B Cn8,OKI.-1 BO}:l1l1 111 nplllnW·la Ha MHOro }:lem1KaTHO }:lpe6HO BOAopacno HelilHII1Te uecr nll1nanua ca osono uecr nb TII1 nO-Abnrll1 OT rsnoro ~

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IMopCKOT'O' nepo (Pennatula phosphorea) II1Ma BbHweH oarer. KO~TO e roBKaB V1 npY?Kl!1l-Jl!1pa. Era 38Ll10 m-1BOT· -oro npll1rV148 Ha neso rowe nepo

lMopcKor,o' Iserpllllm e MHOro pR,QbK «open B CpeAIIl- 3eMHO Mope 06pa3YBa ror8MVI KOnOHVlIt1 VI pa3KIlOH8- HViATa My CTiI1raT )]070 CM BiI1C04V1Ha Tblil KaTO e MHOro KpaCVlBO, e 06eKT Ha 6e3KoHTponHo cb6i11paHe

B CpeAI.-13eMHO Mope KapaM,.llInOoalaJ '6yxanKill (Ca· ryophyl/a clava) ce cpeus KaTO «opan OT rpyn8T8 H8 Ma,qpenOpil1Te iii :>K!-1Bee noeAIIlHVl4HO

non,,;pWX.,CIIiII VlMa B OCHOBaT8 Ha mmanaT8 CI!1 KIleTKV1. KOVITO ca 4YBcTBVl1enHVt KbM CBernlo1H8Ta

fo.nFlMla IKH'lI1,ra 39. >KItIBOTHH

XENIA KcEHI1R

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PA.3MHO>KABAHE

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TRnOTO Ha p9CHvl'-!eCIIilTe 4epBeil1

e H6nbnHO nnOCKO iI1 n04T11 AiI1CKOBiI1j:1HO III MO>Ke A8 8 f'lPKO OLl,B8reHO

r nasara ce pa3n03HaB6 na HanIll'-t1ll8TO Ha yYBCffiViTenHiI1 KbM caerna-ara KIlBTKI1 (.04L-'I,'-II<1>!") iI1nil1 nananua

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O,5WA XAP.AKTEPMC1iLllKA

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IMECTOOS!LllrTAHME M ,PA3npOCTPAHE:HME nnOCKVlTe !II Kpbrnme l..IepBeVl ce cpeuar B pa3nViLiHV1 MeCTO- 06I11TaHYlR: Ha AbHOTO Ha MOpeTO, esepa peKltllt16naTa, HRKOVi napa31ilTHlii 8V1AOBe fKlliB8RT BbPXY lAnOTO Ha lKVii30TH!IIT8 VI '-10- SeK8 (eKTOnapa3I1iU1) II1DIil supe B Hero (eHAonapa3Ii1TII1)

ronAMaKHHra sa )KHBOTHIII

patiea, KO~TO tKVlsee B LJepHVlR apo6 Ha MHOIO aOMawHVI tKVlBOTHVI

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Ha LJOBeKa

Kp'brnL1Je 'fepeeL1 (I1MaT nuro VI TbHKO rsno. Te3V1 tKVlSOTHV1 V1MaT Me>KAY Bb T-

peusare CVI opraHV1 rpccipactao, Hap8LJ8HO nceBAouenoM B Hero V1Ma T84HOCT, noasorssaua opeaoca Ha xpaHV1T8flHV1 B8ll.1eCTBa VI rasoae. KOVITO C8 06MeHAT npV1 ,QV1waHe XpaHOCMv1flarenHaTa CVlCTeMa Ha Kpbrnv1Te LJepBeVi V1Ma

vera VI aHyc MYCKYnv1Te ca Ao6p8 pa3BlI1TIIl 111 nOMaraT Ha Te3V1 4epS8l11 Aa npOHlI1KHaT B nOYSaTa, pacr8HV1ATa It1 tKlt1BOTHIt1Te Cpeuar ce HaBCAKbA8

B Cfl3AKIt1 BOAlI1, B no-sara nOBeLJ8TO OT Kpbrfllt1Te '1epBeV1 ca MHoro Aoe6- HIt1Itl ,QOCTlt1rar 8,QBa 1 MM B MopeTO 06aLJ8 >KV1BeAT BItlAOBe, IJbnrlt1 AO 5 CM

KpbrnVlTe Y8pB8V1, KOVlTO >KVlB8R cBo6oAHO, ce XpaH.RT C ,Qpe6HVI 6e3rpb6Ha4HVlIKV1BoTHItl VlnVl C pacratenaa xpaHa, KaTO HaHacm Ll.jeTVI Ha pacTeHV1RTa. IOflR a LlaCT OT napaaarure no tKV1BOTHVlTe C8 CpeL11aT VI npltl YOB8Ka - HanpV1M8p ,QeTCKIt1RT rflVlCT (Ascaris Jumbrieoides),

nl nOCK'lITe 14epBeL1 ce Haplt1yaT rasa nopaa» eop: Mara Ha TAflOTO 111M HRMaT CIIIcr8Ma 3a UIIIPKYfl\l1- paae Ha Te4HOCTV1 VI cneuV1anIt13It1paHV1 OpraHItl sa AVIwaH8 CbWV1HCKa xpaHOC V1flaT8nHa CV1CT8Ma nplt1 napa31tlTHItlT8 48pB8111 nnncsa. TR ce CbCTOItl OT

YCTa, pa3nOnO>K8Ha Ha KopeMHaT8 crpaHa, cespaaaa C Kp'brnO 14epBO,KO· em 3aiB'bpmea enane. 3aTOB8 orna,Qbultlle Vl3m138r OT vcrara no,Q enlt1AepMlt1Ca VlMa nORCIt1 or MYCKynHVI BflaKHa - Haanb>KHVI, HanpeYHIt1 VI APyrV1, KOVITO cssp- 36aT rspoa C «ope a. braroaapeHVl8 Ha Te3V1 MyCKYflVl nnOCKV1- re yepBeVi ce ABVI>KaT C nesora llo-rons Mara -acr OT nnOCKVlT8 Y8pa8V1 ca xepMa4>POAIJIIJL1, TOeCT V1HAVlBVlAV1T8 V1MaT VI *eHCKVI, VI MbtKKVl nOflOBVI apraHV1 V1 ce anna at Bb TpeWHO OnnaAeHOTO RVlue e 06BVlTO

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He C IKbflTbK, 8 C xpaHVlTenHVI KIlerKV1, KOlATO ce OTAeflAT or caMoro >KIt1BOTHO 3aTOBa A~lIeTO V1Ma H)I!I<,Qa Aa pacre Bb rpe B TAnOTO.

nnoCKV1Te yepaeV1 ce pa3genRT Ha TPV1 Knaca: PeCHV1YeCTill, MeTVlflVl VI TeHVlIt1.

PeCHL1L4eCJL1Te l.IepBeL1 ce HapV14aT rasa nopagV1 pecHV1YKV1Te, Komo nOKpVlBaT nonaara 4aCT Ha ~RflOTO 111 crouarat sa ABV1 eHV1eTO. Te ca Ha~"npIt1MIt1TV1BHV1Te VI Ha6poRB8T 3000 BVI,Qa. 06lt1KHOBeHo ca Ape6HV1, l:\bflrll1, AO HFlKOflKO CaHTIt1Merpa - HanpVlMep nnaHapV1ATa. HRKOIII OT TRX >KVlBeAT B cnagKV1 BOAV1, APyrlll 8 MopeTO VlnV1 -a Bna>KeH repeu KaTO Bipali,um kevense. To~ e Hatl1" eAPVlRT npencrasmen Ha «naca VI gocTV1ra 60 CM MeTL1nL1Te ca Ape6HV1 >KII1BOTHV1 VI caMO HRKOV1 BViaOBe CTV1raT AO 2 CM V1 C8 npe,QVlMHo napa3V1TL1 V1Mar peCHV1lJK!t1, seHgy3lt1 V1 KyKW+ KV1, -oes KQl.1TO ce npVlKpensaT Kb roCTOnpV1eMHVlKa Me>KAY TRX e j:106pe n03HaTV1RT roflAM 4epHOAPo6eH MerVin - .Fsse;ola nee-

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KOL'lTO n0380nABaT

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e nVlWBHa or CeTL'lBHIo1 OpraHL1

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D,b)'!(.}J,OBH>1AT 'lspBelil e nO'll"" eAHBKbB OT ):IBaTa CL'I KPSA. 38Ll10TO MO>+<:e p.a ce ,QBWKIo1 101 a naere nocoKVl "VeTaTS" ce OTBaPA Ha BTOPI.1R cervear.

Bcv14KL'I npewneHecrn 'lepBel'llo1Mar xpaHOCMlo1nareneH KaHan. KDiIITO 3af1O'lB8 OT MyeTS a" L'I ce OTBapA Ha "OnaWKaTS". D,b~o8HIo1Te 4epeeL'l ca MHoro noneaH:.1 aa 38ME!,QsnL-'l9ro

XpaHelilKlil ce c ro-sa L'I paCTL'ITenHL-'I Oma.QbLlL-'l. re pa3APo6f1B8r nO'l88T8 L'I fI OT,QenAT. crea KaTO e

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crap onoa AOCTVlrHaJl CBoeTO MaKCIt1- AbmKl'IHa:, 13 CM.

ManHO pa3SIt1T1II8 11-12 MnH. r. np.H.e.

CTPOM6OTO ce ABV1IKIII no MHoro oco6eH H8YIIIH. 1I13n0Il3Sa TSbPAli1R onepKYnYM 38 KPaK. nplII APyrlllTe MeKOTenVl onepKYnYMb T cny>KIII caao sa 3aTBapAHe Ha yepynKaT8. KoraTO ce ,[Ianpe AO cy6cTpara, OXllIDBbT OTBapR onepKynYM8 III OTCKa- 4a H8 pa3CTORHIII8 HRKonKO C8HTIIIMeTpa. I.1HTepecHoe AS ce SIIIART Te3111 6bP3111 ABWKeHIIIR, 38ll.(OTO TaKa ce npeMeCTsa YepynKaTa, KOFlTO Te>KV1 osono yeTlI1pV1 nbTVI nOBe1.Je or TRf10TO. nOHFlKora npV1 crpoM6oTO IIIMa VI 06pa3YS8LL\1i1 nepnll1 CPOPMVlIII rosa fill npaBIt1 Oll1e nO-1l8HH1t138 KOneKlllt10HepIt1Te H8 yepynKIt1.

BARBo srro.ml1us len.tiginosus

'nP.M,ABMJKB8He: C KopeMeH KpaK.

'''IepYnlC:8: cnVlpanOSli1AH8.

AbDJKMH8 H8'1e;pymC:8T8: 2-4 eM.

AM8Men:p HI OTBo;pa: 10-14 MM.

T 03V1l1pe6eH onos C opVlrVlHanHa cpopMa (cntllpanDBIi\AHa) >KIi!Bee B TVlHeCTIiI V1nlt1 nACbYHVI ,D.bHa Kpa~ 6peroB8re Ha Espona, 30HVI, nbnHiII C BO,D.OpaCnill VI noC8,qOHIilIt1 (KaCPRBIt1, npVlKPeneHVI KbM CKanV1T8 BO,D.opacnVl). Oco6eHara My yepynKa ce cpeua yeCTO no 6peroseTe H8 Moperara rpea nponerra VI H8Y8- nOTO H8 naroro

Cnlt1panOBVI,D.HIIIRT onoe e xepMaCPPO,D.VlTeH, HO IIIM8 e.llHa oC06eHOGT. nbpSOHayanHO VlH,QIIISVI,D.ItlTe ca MblKKltI, 8 ce rpeapsuat B meHCKIiI no speM8 H8 pa3MHO>KaB8HeTO. A~ueCHaCFlHeTO ce 1i13SbPWS8 npe3IDHVI-lOnltI, KB.TO R~lIaT8 ca cb6paHlii H8 KYn41t1- H8 Ha AbHOTO, nOKpltlTL1 C TVlHR VI nRCbK.

napSIilTe ce M3nIDnS8T cne,[l neseT .lIHIt1 ItI cne.ll TOBa ce pa3BItISa cnVlpanOBIIlAHa yepynKa, nOAo6HO H8 BCVlYKVI KopeMOHorVl.

".u,.n'~n' -AJ~JiI .... , ,tJ~,..... pc.,..., .. ~

I C;peAMseMIiIOM.opCKaTa KsnMHspM1n (Carinaria mediterranea) V1Ma lADO, ,Qbnro 30 CM. To e MHOro no-ronaso OT l.fepynKaTa It1 nnyBa cB060,QHO Ha nOBbpxHocna H8: BO,QaTa.

OC06eHOTO npVl BCVlYKli1 B~OBe crpoM6oe, 48 OnepKYnyMbT 111M CflY.>KI'1 sa KpaK Ii! itlMa q,opMaTa Ha wnopa, KO.RTO e MHoro ocrpa Ha APyrara crpaHlt1l..ja ca nOKa3aHVI yernpltl BV1p,a: Strombus ,gallus; Apo.rrhals pes,pelecsni, Hap€4€H Ol1\€ nemAKaHOB KpaK.

I Cpell1a ce B Cpe,q1ll3€MHO ope III Kpai:1 Cesepalll3T04Ha Espana.

Pa3npocrpaH€H e Ol1\e B T ~ iii B !I1HAV1~CKMA OKeaH.

naM6MCibT (Lambis chiragra) V1Ma roJ1RMa 4epynKa.

TM6"UilITS. (Tibia (usus) e rpom14eH BillA. !I1Ma MHoro eneraHTHa Y.epynKa C Abnbr CV1q,OH - rpb6V14Ka, 4pe3 KORTO sonara ce npeHaCA AD MaHn.1~HaTa npa3HVlHa.

KaCleT"IeliiDI (Capulus hungaricus) npvtnVl4a Ha rarenara It1 q,opMaTa Ha 4epynKala My Hano,Qo6RBa KaCK8T.

UMn,pe,na (Cypraea cribraria). '6paA8B'W'ileCKMni KannYipHYC (CaJpumus verrucosus) 1M 1011881,8 (Vb/va volva) ~It1BeRT B rponVllJHVlTe BO,QL-1.

X~nn,qOTO""OBala HDTMK8 (Natica millepunctatB) e Cpe,AM- 3eMHOMOpCKV1 XlI1Ll.1HIIIK. n O,Q06HO Ha· ,qpyrvrre !.IneHOBe or ceM8VtCTBOTO, TA e roseu -a M8KorenV1 nOi<p1l18a >KepTBvrre C HV1WKV1 or cnY3, KORTO ce oT,QenR OT KP8K8 ~.

BbPXY yepynKaTa Ha AnOHCK8Ta MII1,Q8 6.naCTa KceH04l'o;pa (Xenophora pallidula) ca 3al.\V1MeHTlI1paHVI M8nKlll ';IepynKII1 iii KaMb4eT8.

ronRMa. KHlllra aa >KIi1BOTHIil

CARINAl/1A MEDITERRJWEA CPE!lY13EMHOMOPCKA.

IWlY1HAPV1f1

LAMBIS CHIRAGR4 flAM6111C

CALPtJRNUS VERRUCOSUS EipA,UABW·tECT IWlrNPHYC

EPITON(JN/ SCAL..f.RE CnitlPMOBJi1.[jEH oxnce

XENOPriOR4 OOUOULA 5flACTA KCEH()(j)()PA

6E3!rPb,SHA'Lf'HLr1- KOpeMOHOn1 MeKOTenH

POAbT Tonne BKnlO4B8 MHoro BIllj:joBe Ha~-Ape6Hillre C8 C pas'vIeplll OT HRKonKO caHTVlMeTpa nOHRKora BViAbT He MO>K8 Aa ce onpej:jenlll, ccooe-o xoraro ce OTHaCR aa Mfla,Q1II VlHAV1BIIIAlii, oue H8AOCTVlrH3nvr Kpa~HiIIT8 C\II pa3M8plII. r onRMOTO AOnlllo ce cpeua H8. MHOro MeCTa 8 CpeAIi13eMHO 'vIope 1!1 AmaHTVlY8CKiIIR OKeaH >K1I1Be8 B Abn6oKV1 BOAItI, KbA8TO AbHOTO 8 no-

KPV1TO C TV1HA Ii1 nRCbK OC068H 6efl8r Ha AonV10TO 8 HaYV1HbT MY Ha xpaH8H8 Ha rnaBaTa My IIIMa CMYK.8T8n8H xo60T C B8H IW3a C ¢OPM8 Ha ,qV1CK LlonV10TO A V13n0n3S8, aa Aa CMyY8 >K8pTSam (MOpCKIII mpan8>KV1. MV1AV1 V1 AP·) Cneg TOBa rVl XB8- Ll\8 C gBe KyKIIl V1 rV1 OTpaBR, KaTO BKapS8 B TAX CMbpTOHOCHa noaa KOHl.jeHTpVlpaHa CAPH8 KIIlCenIt1Ha. KoraTO IKepTBaTa YMp8. LjOnV10TO R P8>K8 Ha nap48Ta C OCTpm8 3b61t1 H8 P8AynaT8

AM~O;pHarTa IMena (Melo amphora) e TpOm.,4ecKlil osnos C KpacV1B8 4epynKB. V1 roneMVI pa3Mepli! T ponV14ecKV1 Blo1A e V1 CMOK.,ttOBMIAHa1C3 '~L\l11l103a (Reus fIIOsa). V1Ma rona 48- pynKa c CPOPM8 H8 CMOKIiIHR

XV1Ll.\HV1KbT no;pcll,.,py,c e ):IbJlbr OKOno 9 CM lIlM8 oco6eHV1 0pHaM8f-iTVI aT TpV1brbnHVI nli1HV1IA, nonY48Hli1 or oTgenRHeTO Ha nV1fMeHTV1 no pb6a Ha 4epynKBT8 npJ.1 HapaCT8aHem

MPSMOPHMfIT KOHYC (Conus marmoreus) ce xpaHV1 C MV1- Alii. Y6V1Ba rli1 CbC CMbPTOHocH8Ta CV1 OTPOB8. KOATO OTAen,q 4P83 3b6V1Te, HaMli1pal..l.1V1 ce B xo6OT4eTO My

ViBIIlI"leCI8ra IM.,IlPa (Mitra zonata) OT A,Qp\llaTW.J8CKO Mope t1Ma OTpOBHa P8Ayna, C KOPTO csuo ynaBR epTB\IITe CIA

AllHllllllifH~flT Ma,q~(IImyc (Magt/us antlquanus) napa3VlT14pa BbPXY KopanlilTe, 8 KOlilTO CVI V13,Qbn6as8 AynK8

'l.IepaeHaTa liILiln,peA (Cypr88caSSIS (uta) V1Ma ronRM8, CV1nHO HarbrJaT8 4epynKa. ,D,bnra 15 CM npe3 XVIII BeK e V13nonsea-a sa HanpaB8 Ha KaMeV'] (YKpaWeHIiIFI)

PeCHM"IeCKIIIRT ,l!IlIIlMarlllYM (Cymatium parthenopaeum) e nDK.pV1T l.\enY1W C peCH\I14KV1 v 06VlTaB8 Cpe,Q1438MHO Mope

EneraHTHV1F1T \11 %CTpOllBeTeH BI'I,QXapna (Harpa amourella) IKV1Bee B [.A3TOllHVlR T V1X\I1 OKeaH T ponV14eH BV1A e V1 Vlrflecrara T,eH:e6pa (Terebra subulata), KORTO liIM8 X6- pasrepaa Y,Qbn eHa, no,O.o6H8 H8 cj:lYHV1~K8 cpopMa B MVlH8noTO e Vl3n0Jl3SaH8 38 npo6V1BaHe H8 aynKV1

llJuw8He: C xplllfl8.

npUABM1KS8He: C KOpeM8H KpaK.

'L.lepynKa: 6olJ,Jlv'IBa

DoAJ1I11BlI1FH MypeKc (M'ureK .trosche/i) e eAIt1H OT Hall1- KPaCIi1Bline OxnlOBVl tn ceM Muricidi >Kv1Bee B ,D,bn6OKIiI BOAV'! c nACbYHQ gbHO B V1HgVl~CKVlR VI B T IiIXV1R OKeaH III KPa~ 6perosem Ha RnOHlI1R. ViMa V1HTepecHa ¢opMa H8 4epynKaT8 T R e nOKplt1Ta C 60AnV'!, KOll1TO OCV1ryPHBaT Ha,Qe>l'\QHa aauara OT XI!1Ll\HIIIl.jIi1. OT CBOR CTpaH8 MypeKcbT e XIi1li.\HII1K - xpaHVI ce C 6am.,HIi1 (MOpCKV1 palleTal It! MV1Ali1. POAbT Murax BKfllOllaa XItlLl\HIi1 oxn lOB 1I1 , MHOro pasnpOCTpaH8HIi1 BbB BCItlI.jKV1 Mopem VI OKeaHVI C TOnflll1 V'! YMepeHO TonnVl BO,q1il

T 83V1 OXJlIOBItl I4MaT >Kn83a, pa3nOnD>K8Ha 8 XpVlnHaTa npa3HItlHa Ha MaHTIt1AT8 . .>Kne3aTa orgenR nyp!lypHO BeLl\8CTBO, C KoeTO no epeM8TO H8 ¢IIIHItlKVf~LjIllTe ca ce OLjBeTRsanV'! TbKaHYI 50m8 ce 8 Vl3BDIi14ana OT Mural branciaris. 3a nonY48BaH8TO H8 1 r 60A 6111nll1 Heo6xoAIt1MItI 8000 8K3eMnm:rpa. ETO 3au.tO XV1nAAV1 VI XV1nFlAIiI OXJlIOBIt1 6V1nlt1 YHVlllIOfKB.BaHltl T OBa CT8Bano B OKonHOCTlI1T8 H8 T V'!P VI AKBlt1fllllA, 38 KoeTO C8Y1AereflCTB8T CTaplll gOKYMeHTV1.

L.lepynKa: 3aKpbrfl8Ha.

ll&!1SMe1bp Ha "'Iep,ynKal,a.: DO 25 CM

------------------

AbmKMHa: 15 CM.

22 r-----------------------------------------------------------------------~

ronAMa KHlllra3a >K1I1801iHIiI

TEREBRA SU8UL4TA I!1rnEc~A TEHEDPA

CfAlATVM r:wrrHEt\IO~M PECHVlYECr ULiMATltl~'.1

HARFI'l AIACVRETTA XAPnA

23

SE3rPb!S~HALtHII'I - ~OpeMOHOrW lMel<iOTenWI

CYMBUI.JA PERC/llf L!~r:;ynl.1A

CU)Nf u/WICJNA KnLlOHE

CAVOUNIA TRlDENTATA MOPCM nErlEPY):lA

DENOFKJNOTUS

HYLOCYLIS STRlAlA XvlnOL[WTII1C

CHROMOOORIS OU4DRICOLOR LiETVlPlltUBETEH XPOMOjlOPV1C

--~-

I,&BeTeH X,POMO,"O;P"C ca OxnlOBIi1 C nne- Ha P030B xpaCT, sa 3814I11Ta !I1Ma Ha rpb6·

CKi1 tena Ha rpb6HaTa CI1 crpa-a VlMaT KIII- H8T8 CIII CTp8H8 1i13.qaTbl.jV1, a Cb140 iii KG-

,AKTeOHllJ,T e pa3npOCTpaHeH SbS SCIIII.lKIII esponeMCKIII MOpeTa Cpeua ce BbPXY BO.qopacnlllTs MOPCKa canata 5pOHATa, noKpV1Bawa )KIt1S0THoro l.laK AO rnasara MY, Cny>KIII !<aTO IIIHcrpYMeHT, C KO~TO KOnae !<belli ryHsnlil nOA nACblVl.

Pa3npocrpaHeH8ra BbS BCIIIYKI!1 Mopera Kop"~J1a e S.qHO or Ha~-KP8CIiISlilre MOpCKIII )ffio1BOTHIII, 06arpeHO C npeKP8CHIi1 uaerose HRMa l.lepynlV3 III e nOKpIl1Ta C MHOfO- 6POMHIiI 1113,QaTbUIiI, 38KpenSHIi1 38 mnOTO.

npSKp8CHIIITS rnoCOAO;P.,C Ii1 "IeTi.,p.,·

4YP or BTOplil4HO P83KflOHSHIiI HMWKY1 XPt.1- ne. KOIIITO npt.1nlll48l H8 llBsrA.

MopCKlilre nenepy.qlil ca .o.pe6HIII nnaHKTOHHIiI oxn lOB iii. Te ca Ha~'MHoro6po~Hli1re MOPCKVI )KII1BOTHIII. MopcKlTa nen.e,PYAS (Cavo/lna tridentate) e p83npocrpaHsHa HaSCAKb.qe. 1~"M6ynMA"a (Cymbu/ia peron) VI x.,nOI,&.,n.,CbT (Hy/ocylis Striata) ce cpeuar B Cpe,QlIIseMHO Mope. KnMoHeTo' (C/ione limaclne) e TlilnW'feH BIiIA 38 cTy,[le· HVITS apKTV14HIt1 BO,[lIll.

<l>na6ensTa (Flabel/ina offinij, npll1flt.14Ha

npVlSHVlre KfleTKIII H8 nOrbflH8IItITe or HeR Me,Qy3~, Cbl$Ta cnoco6HOCT Ii1Ma V1 )KlIIBeeLWOlO KPa~ alnaHTV14ecKlilTe 6perOBe Ha EBpana l'IinaaBLLI,O XpaCT'IB (Dendronotus arborescens) T 0311 OXl1IOB I1M8 rsno c MHoro pa3KflOHeHV1A. T 8311 napelllVl MeKOrem1 ca APKO 0LlBereHIi1 - npegynpe>KP,8- sar X'Al.UH14KB na CIII "bpCiI1 APYfa IKepTBa,

r~MHCKM.RT aXllIOB (HelIX hortensis) ce 3a6enFl3Ba C KpaCli1sara Clil 3e6poB~,QHa 4epynKa, ~V1BeH e Ho~eM - iI13nY13a or CKpIo1B8nI.1LWSTO CY1 Ii1TbPCV1 xpaHa,

A.enMMsrra (Delima Ita/a) e .Qpe6HO (15- 20 MM) ronnomo6V18o OXJlI084€.

CYLU'IHe"tSI (Succinea putflS) e €BpOne~CKL1 BV1A, >i<V1see BbB Bf1a>KHa cpeA8 cpeJ:l !':pa(15peiKHaT8 pacTV1TenHOC H8 peKVI V1 eseoa '''IepaeHMFliT VI r'OneMMFIiT ron OxnlOOca e.QPVI V1 .QOCn.,raT A\ln>KlilH8 15 eM. Ii<V1S€AT B ropate VI rp8.AYlHV1Te VI V13nV1- 3aT cnea Ab>KA, eMma ce. "Ie C8 683 48- pynKa, HO BCbLl(HOCT re VlMal ManKa 4epynKa nOA M8HTV1AT8 nn8Hop6at8, IPOran1lff oxmOB (Planorbrius corneus), e cn8,AKOBOA8H BV1A VI 06v1Tasa YM8peHara

30H8 Ha Espona, n0f:106SH e VI troneMM'FlT 6'nSTeH OlmOB (Lymnea stagnalis) - Ape6HO OXJlIOS4e, CpeLl(8Ll(O ce B esepara VI V13KYCTBeHVlTe BOj:lOeMt.1 V1 .QBaTa SM,il8 ce xpaHRT C BO,ilHVI paCT8HVlA 14 pacTVlTenHIll OCT8HKV1. HRKOV1 roneMV1 6naTHVI OXJlIOBIll ce XpaH.RT C nonOBIiI nb>KV14K111 VI Tpv1TOHVI,

n .. ryc"1i (Liguus dryas) >KVlBee B TOnm1Te Mopera,

nom'MMIT818 (Po/ym/ta picta) e nscrsp OXJlIOB, 061i1TaSaUl MopeTO Kpa~ AATV1nVlT8.

*,06MKHooeHMAT OIIllIOB (Helix pomaria) )KlI1Bee np€.QV1 8CIII4KO B ropara VI xpacra-

rOnRM8. KHWr.a 38. >KWBOTHIo1

POLYMJTA PJC"fA nOIlIllMIiITA

naLlIitTe, a CbUlO VI B ronero. Kbg€TO sn8iKHocna He e MHoro ronAMa, T 03V1 BV1.U ce 1i13n0n3s8 or 40BeKa, OnnO.Q8HlIITe A~Ll8, OKano 80 Ha 6po~, OXJlIOSb T CHaCA S AynK8 B nO'-lBara. Or TAX cnen 25-27 AHVI ce 1i13nlOnSaT ManKli1 QXJlIOB4eT8, nOKplilTIiI C Bap08L<1KOS8 4epym<a,

AK8T.,HBTB (Achatina tullea) e eAbp cyxo- 38MeH OXJlI08, np0ll13xO>KAaw OT 1113· 04Ha ACPPIitKa, II1Ma ronRMa nplt1cnOC06V1T8nHa cnoco6HOCT BceKIll 2-3 MeC81.\a CHaeR 140 500 RViLla C roneM1IIHa Ha rpaxoBo 3bPHO, Hy>l<,Qae ce GaMO OT BIi1COK8 Bn8iKHOCT 111 reMneparypa H8,A 24°C,

26

ISE·3fP'bISH.A4HLI1: - nnaCTMHyaTOXplt1I1V1 M9KOTe.nM (MI!1AM)

TF/I()iJC.'.;A GIGA> rl-lrAHT KA TPiIlLlAKHA ~'111lA

TEREDO \i~~

K PA&EH 'lEPBEC1

CI'HTOPJ.EURA 1Xl8lAT,II UVPT r EYPA

ronAMa KHL1ra aa )oKIIIBOTHL1

.

3~ rUf" 'le:

Ko,pa6tu'IRf l.!Iepaelil: (Teredo navalis) e MMAa, KOATO >KI4Bee B Cpe.Q\I\3eMHO Mope npY1414HABa MHOro li.(eTIi1 Ha Kopa6V1Te, KBTO" np8B\I1 .QynK", B AbpSeH14Te !11M 4aCHIt

:Llil-'l.pfonneypa:Ta (Cyr/opleur8 costata) e MIiI[la, KOATO npo51i1sa AynKl'l B CK8JlIiITe iii rnlilHaTa

Cb:PLleoKaiTa, tIlnVl MOPCKMRT opex (Cardium aculeatum), e MIiIAa C p8.Q\I\anHl4 6pa3A\I\, KOVITO nOHRKOra ca 60AnVlBiIl 06\1\TaBa eBpone~CKIi1Te Mopera nplllABII1}KSa ce. nOACKa'-laVlKV1 c MycKynHI!1R CM KPaK

Ky'cl1V1,E1apL'tRTa. (Cusp/dana cuspldana) e gpe6Ha XV1l.L\Ha Mli1ga \1\ HRMa V1CTIiIHCKIo1 xp\lme KbM Cb\..l.jll1A paspeA np\l\H8t\lle>K1iI VI eYLlVlpo8,i8! (Euciroa teramachij

n'L-fTa:pbT (Pilar lupanaous) e c 6ogn\l\sa 4epynKa, a KanaHanU::IIT (Cal/analtls dlsfBcla) npIiIHa,qne>+'i1il KbM ceMeVicTBOTO Ha 061i1KHOBeHaTa eo-rora )K\.1- BeAT 3apIiITIiI B TIiIHRTa \1\ yraViKaTa

ElfIl-'Il'I.TVI,lIHaia nytpapVlR' (LU[rarf8 elllpllca) e pasnpOCTaHeHa or HopaervtA AD CpeAIiI3eMHO Mope iii Cel-ieran

nOAo6Ha Ha 603AyraH e neHVlILlVIflOTO (Penicillus QIgantenteus) KORTO OT Ape6H3 Mlilga ce npeBphUl8 B Abnra K.8JlllV1eBa TPb6a, BbPXY KORTO ce sanensar ManKIii MliIg\l\YKIiI B eM6pV!OHaneH CTa,D,V1V1

fnOCYCIIT (Glossus humanus) !I1Ma CKoceH8 ill 1/13- Ayra BbB ¢opMa Ha CbP1I8 yepynKB Cpeua ce Ha roneMIiI Abn604V1HIiI B Cpe,q1il3eMHO Mope iii IO>KHVlR ArnaHTV1K.

Maca: 140200 Kr. a iii nOS8Y8

T pl!1j:j8KH8ra MItl,Q8 e MV1,Q8 rwaHT. >KiI1Be8 M8>+<AY KOP8nlilT8 Ha it1HA14V1CKIM11t1 TV1XItlR OKeaH. \11MB Kp8K, xpltme iii YCT8H OTBOP, H8CO"-IeHV1 Ha,qony, HO usnara MaHTlIIR e 3aBbpTRHa Ha 180 rpa,o.yca TaKa fop6b r H8 tKV1BOTHOTO e 06bPHaT KbM orsopa H8 yepynKaTa, 8 KOpeMH8Ta -acr C8 HaMlt1pa KbM supausocrra TOB8 YCYKB8He ce Abnl'+<lt1 H8 npl!1KpeneHIi1Flll1M H84111H Ha fKIt1BOT, Abn>K81l1 ce Ha Macam Ha TRnOTO. MItllJ,ar8 e onVicaHa KaTO onaCHO 38 lJOBeKa .>KIi1- BOTHO, a B ,lJ,eC1CTBV1TSnHOCT e 6e30naCH8 V1 ce xpaHIiI C Ape6HItl OpraHItl3MiII B Kpalilll.\8T8 H8 MaHTI!1F1T8 >K1t1-

BeRT eAHOKIleTblJHJ..1 BO,lJ,OpaCn VI , KOItlTO nonYlJaSaT xpaH8 OT TPJ..1- ,QaKHara MV1A8, 8 re OT CBOR CTpaH8 -oes CPOTOCIIIHT838 ~ OClllrypsaar KIiICnoP0j:j. KoraTO BO,lJ,OpaCnJ..1T8 ce pa3MHoIK8T MHOro III plt1CKY88r A8 3a,qyw8r MItlA8ra, TR 38nOlJB8 ,[18 r1t11113R1+<A8. no TO- 3V1 Ha"-llllH paBHoseCIII8TO ce Bb3CTaHOBFlBa. Ikxuara cnaaa Ha TplilA8KH8m MIt1A8 He ce ,[IbroKlii H8 8rpeCVlBHocrra ~, a Ha CIilCTeMaTa 38 3aUlillT8 cpeLUY Hana,q8renlt1 Koram ce LJYBCT8a B onacHOCl, MJ..1,[1ara 3aTBapA TelKKVlTe CV! LJepynKV!, ynaBR~KIiI BClt1lJKO, KoeTO ce HaMltlpa MelKAY TAX.

IPa3Mepw: ,[Ibnmlt1H8 Ha lJ8pynKaTa 12-15 eM.

C ¥1Mem TPb6ono~o6HVl C8 HapeLJ8HIiI MHOro BIt1~OBe MIt1,lJ,1II C yepynKa C cpopMa Ha

Abnbr Lllt1nlllHAbp LJecTO ce cpeua B espOneC1CKltlTe MopeTa. OpbAMeTo npeKapsa ronRMa -act OT iKVIBOT8 CIiI3aPOS8H8 B nACbKa V1 ce xpaHM caao npltl npIt1DV1B. Or n.RCbK8 ee flOK83B8 KbCIt1F1T ~ CIt1CPOH. Ype3 Hero MItl,[l8Ta BCMYKsa BO,lJ,a, KORTO HOGill KII!CnOpO,lJ, Itl xpaHa. XpaHara C8 XS81l18 -pes cnY3Ta B xpvmeTe, nOKpJ..1T1t1 C TpenKalllVl peCHli\lJKVl, V1 orra« TA oraea B YCTara npil1 OTnItlB MI!I,lJ,8Ta ce 3apaBFI B nFlCbKa. Or BpeMe Ha speMe MIII,[I8T8 1tl3c'rpenB8 ManKIll .aancee" BOna III 38TOS8 e H8- pe'-leHa cipenaua MIt1Aa. T83111 MIII,[I8 ce npitlABItltKB8 no ,[IbHOTO C Kp8K8 CH, KaTO OTCKalJa 140 50 eM. Moms CbLllO na ce npV1- ASWKBa Itl o6paTHo CbC CKOK Kala pSaKLllI1R OT Apa3H8H8. MIt1,lJ,aTa H8nbnBa MaHTlt1C1H8Ta npa3HIIIH8 C BOAB, KOFITO nocne 1113- X8bpnA no):! HaJlRraH8.

.[lMw8He: 4 XPIi1n9.

Cenll1RTa e e,aHo OT Ha~-pa3BVtTV1Te rnaBOHorVl or niln MeKOTem1. T R II1Ma Ao6pe pasSI4TII1 cems Vl opraHVl sa OpV1eHH1paH8 V1 Bb3npV'leM8He. KaKTO B ArnaHTVlKa, TaKa VI 8 CpeAIi13eMHO Mope cenwna HMa ABe xpvme, roneMV1 OYV1 1410 nV1nana, cHa6- I AeHV1 C seHAY3V1 5naroJ:j,ap9HIi18

Ha CTpYKJYp8Ta Ha KO:>KaTa cemmT8 MHoro 6bP30 CMeHA LIBera CV1 iii ro nplllcnoco6AB8 KbM OKOnHaT8 cpena HesaBVlCVlMO OT TOBa Cenlt1AT8 e npe,anOYlt1laHa >KepTS8 H8 8Kynlt1 9 111 ppyrnT8 P1i16111, a cuuo VI Ha 40B9K8. 3a na ce 3al!.\Y1TaB8 OT HenpV1ATenliJ npV! 3annaxa, TA V13crpenBa "MaCTliInO" - 4epHO-KacpABO B91l1eCTBO, KoeTO ce H8MV1pa B )Kfl838 B YSpBOTO ~. lIIMa BbTpewHa 4epynJ<a, KORTO CS HapV!4a "KOCT". Cenlt1ATa IIIMa CbBbpweH8 CII1CTeMa aT CHCPOH\!1, KOVITO ~ nOMaraT ,Aa ce ABWKlt1 C OTCKOl\Ii1, BCMYKSa~KliIIi1 1t13nyCKa~KIi1 BO,Q8.

Hayrli1nycbT e V1HTepeCHO masoHoro, K08TO nplMl!ll48 Ha q,OClt1flHV1T9 aMOHIt1TIi1 . .>KIi1BOO B TpOm1yeCKto1T8 Mopem H8 Abn6oYV1H8 50--650 M B T V1XV1A It1 V1HAII1~CKto1A OKeaH, KaTO ce HOCIi1 aT Te'-I9HY1ATa . .>KeHCKaTB II1Ma 90 nV1nana, 8 Mb>KKliIAT - 60, cHa6AeHIi1 C B8HAY3V1. LJepynK8T8 H8 Haymnyca e cnlt1panOBIt1,QH8 V1 e pa3Aen9H8 H8 KaMepV1 38 Bb3- AYX. ConVl,QH8 TPbOO (C\IIq,OH), KOAlO V1M3 e.QHa apTSpli1A, npeMV1H8B8 npea creHIilT9 Ha BCAKa KB.MSpa, KaTO OCVlryPAB8 KOHTpona BbPXY re4Hocna It1nlt1 Bb3Ayxa. no T031t1 Ha41ilH ce perymilpa nnysaHero Ha nOBbpXHocna V1fllt1 B .Qbn604Ii1Hlt1Te. Hayrlt1nycbT ce ABV1>K,lI1 cuuo iii XOPIt130HT8nHO 6narO,[lapeHV1e Ha CV1CTeMa 38 Vl3nOMnS8H9 VI 1i13nycKaHe.V13nOMnS8 iii 1i13nyCKa SOAam ype3 ManKa <t>YHVlA, KOATO 1i13n1il38 OT M8HTIi1~HaTa npa3HVlHB XpaHV1 ce C MeKOTel1V1 iii Ape6HVI pV16KIi1. Xsallla rill C m1nanaTa V1 rill BKapB8 B vcrara KOATO It1Ma ¢opMa H8 KIlIOH.

nlOnMlIo:200-500 A~~a, napSIilT8 ca nnaHKTOH C 6aBHO pa3sVlTVIe.

llMaMentp, IHa lfepynKB.Ta: osono 30 CM.

AMW8H8: 2 xpillne.

nlOnMno: 200-300 R~l4a: npV! l'I3111OnSaHS ManKIiIT8 C8 Abnrlil 12 MM

0611.l8 AbJUKMH8: H8.,[( 60 CM.

Cn.,pynaJa (Spirula spirula) >+<J.1Bee Ha Abll6oKO B TpOm4Y8CKlille Mopera 101 V1Ma esetau opras OT38.A SbPXY TAllora. KanMap.T (Loligo vulgaris - Ha GHUMH8- ma) V1M8. ClpOVlHO lAIlO C .o.B8. roneMV1 nn8SHVlKa, nOAo6HV1 Ha nnar-o. 101 .i'I<V1Bee KpaVi eBponelilcKVlTe 6peroB8.

Kamt41opH.,ilcIlMRT a6panonc.,c (Abraliopsis mOrissO XBatl\8. >KepTBIiITe CIII, KaTO CV1 CI1y>KiI1 C K'y'K1II4KV1, pa3n0l10>K8Hlo1 Ha /=IBe /=Ibnrl4 nV1nana.

V1Ml'lepaTOpcKMAT x"poteyn'lc (Chiroteu/his imperator) VlMa j:jB8 nVlnana, MHOro nO-j:1bI1rV1 or TAI1orO.

HayrlMnycbT (Nautilus pompilius) HAMa ,Qo6pe pa3BI-1TO 3peHV1e, KOeTae 6e3 3Ha48HVle sa lbMHVlHara, 8 KOFllO ;>KliIsee. 3a ,Qa ce Op1il8HTlilpa. ce ecna-s Ha 060-

CaM.q~nqe1iiO (Sand%ps me/ancholfGUs) I1Ma pa3nVl4Ha q,OPMCl VI KhCIil Ii1nVl nVlnCBaLUVI nvmana.

a.-,a,.a;eMIiIMRI n..,~o,eyrMc (Lycoteuthis diadema) .o.bf1>KIII IiIMeTO CVI Ha 22 caereLUVI opr8Ha Ha rsnoro, pa3n0l10>KeHIiI KaTO AVI~eMa CbC'CKhnOlleHHIiI KaMbHIII.

Dpyrilne I"naBOHorMI, nOKa38HIi1 TYK, IIIMaT ManKa yepynKa c mooa q,opMa, nOAo6Ha Ha nepo, III CrpOVlHO rsno. npliInlilY8LUO Ha ropnlllna.

rOM1Ma KHlt1ra aa )f(lt1BOTHlt1

N,lUTiLUS P(JMPlWS HAYJlilnYC

SPiFUlA SPiRUlA CnlllPY'JlA

SEW, OFFlCINAUS CEnV1A

nlOnMno,: 500 A~l..la.

--

jQbnJKiVlHa Ha sb3pacTHMAI VlHAws"'A:

>KeHCK8T8 30. 40 CM, Mb>KKV1FlT 1,5- 3 CM.

.q.,aMenp HI l.IepynK8ta.:.L10 25 eM.

051,tKHIOBE,H OKTOnO'A

nlOnwno: 150 000 A~Lla,

----------------------------

P,asMeip cneA W3n1:0nB8.HeT'O: 3 eM.

PaSMepw Ha. BbSpactHWFI MHAVlB!MA: 75-250 GM .o.bn>KV1Ha,

OKTOno.L1bT e maeoaoro, cHa6.L18HO C 8 fbBKaBV1 lo1 enaCTII1~HIII nenana. nOKpIilTV1 C ABa pena BeHAY3lt1, V1 .L1Be raneMIiI 01..{\!1 n03- Han1 ca osono 150 BII1.L18 oKTOnoAV1, HRKOlrl OT TRX AocTV1raT roneMII1 pa3MepliI. OKTOnoQbT XOHKOl1r HanplllM8p C pa3nepeHII1 nll1nana nocnra AV18M8TbP 10M. 06V1KHOBeHV1FH OKTOnOA >i<V1Bee Me>t<t:ly CK8nVITe B H8Abn6oKVl SOAVl B CpeAV13eMrlO Mope. Cpeua ce OT KaHapcKV1T8 OCTPOBVl .0.0 Cesep-o Mope. npeKapsa ronAM8 »act or epeM8ro CV1 n08AtIIHVl4HO B CKam1CH1 neLl.\8plII lo1m'! B CKpV1B8nIllll.(e, nOCTp08HO OT caMillA Hero. npll1j:\BV1>KBa ce 6aBHO, KaTO ce XB8ll.(8 CbC nltmanaTO CV1 VI nnyB8 H838.A KaTO C8- mmTa, Ii13XBbpnRVtKlt1 SOAB OT CV1cP0H8. KoraTO ce '-lYBCTB8 3aCTp8weH, Vl3nycK8 4epHO MaCTIr1nO Itl ce CKpVlBa Me>t<t:ly K8MbHV1- ie. KaTO ce emma C usera Ha oson-

uata epena OKTOnO,Qb T e V1CTV1HCKV1 XV1lL1HIilK: C nV1- nanara CV1 xsaua xepreata C 1I13H8- H8.Aa. 06lo1KHOB8HO TOB8 ca pallll1 111 MII1,QV1.

AproH8STh T >KV1B8e S CpeAV13eMHo Mope iii lJ.PYrlt1 TOnnlt1 MopeTa cuuo KaTO OKTOnOAlAT8 lI1Ma TAnD, 'loAo6HO Ha eat<. 101 DeeM mmana, nOKpillTlt1 c seHAY3V1, vera cHa6AeHa c pores "KJlIOH" , ill MHOro V13nbKHanYl 04111 3a pa3nlt1Ka OT osronc.L1Ii1T8 06a48, >K8HCKItlT8 aprOHaBTII1 V1MaT ronRMa ~epynKa C ¢OPM8 H8 nOAKa T 83V1 4epynKa II1Ma OCHOBHIt1 cpyHKLlIt1It1: nspso - opraH 38 nnysaH8, 111 STOpO rH83,QO, S K08TO l'KeHCK8Ta CH8CR A~uara C!I1. YepynKaTa He e 06pa3YBaHa 1I13aneneHa 38 MaHTIt1RT8, 8 e npoayKT Ha mosara ASO~Ka nV1nana. C TAX lKiII80THOTO Abp>K1t1 npV1nenHano KbM 4epynKaTa mnoro CIII, V13nIt13alllKV1 noHFlsora 38 KpaTKO BpeM8 Mb>KKIt1RT e osono 20 rnTIt1 nO-Ape6eH OT >K8HCKaTa, HAMa 48pynKa t.1 e):lV1HCIB8HOTO np8,QHa3Ha4eHllle Ha Cbll.(8CTBYsaH8TO My e ,D,a onnOAV1 1K8HCK8Ta.

IOnMCIOTeYCbT (Opisthoteuthis extensa) e OKTOiJO):1 C .. paMeHa", cHa6L\€HIII C BeHAY3111 III rbHKIII, III MOCKO rsro V1Ma MHOro ManKa 4epynKa.

Mam<snll ene,~OHel1a (Eledonella pygmaeac) e OKTonOj:j, ,D,bnbr HAKonKO casTIIIMerpa, c .>KenenOAo6Ho, np03pa4Ho TAn a T osa OKTonaA"e e H8MepeHo III Ha 5000 M Abn604i11H8.

IKeHCKIIITe rJ8 06 .. KHoBeHMR OKTOIiiOA Oxp8HAB8T Ape6HIIITe CVI A~Ll8, cb5paHIII B J:jbnrll1 l'K€n8T111HOBV1 wHypoBe V1 CKPII1I11 B neLllepl-1 \I1nli1 CKanHV1 rbHKIII no ,QbHOTO

T e HenpeKbcH8TO ):1Blil.>KB.T B0):18T8 III rasa CH86AABaT nlOnlllnOTO c npACHa B0):18 T Dsa npOAbfl}K8B8 n04T111 Mecelj AO 1113nlOnBaHeTO H8 M8nKvne

B 6e3L\HV1Te Ha KaPll16CKO Mope ce cpeLlI8 nenar"~H"RTaM41Mrpety,C (lvnphl(retus pelaglcus). KOMTO e np03p84eH KaTO CThKnO.

[jABoncKIII BillA I.1M8 e3MnlllpbT (Vampyroteulhls Infemalij, KO~TO e .Qbnbr 30 CM III >Kv1Bee Ha Abn60~I.1Ha 1500-2500 M B Tpom14eCKII1Te Mopera Heroaoro con IIIAHO TAJlO e nOKpvlTO C ~epHa MeM6paHa. OT KORTO 1013JlV138T momana. Te OCPOPMAT HelllO nOA06HO Ha 4a,QbP, OTCTpaH~ H8

KO~TO ce B!I1>+<aar ABe 4epBeH!I1 KaTO 8brneHI1 O~li1

AsCTpanlllViCKIIIAT BIII,Q netH"'CTa X8n3- no'xneHa (Hapalochlaena maculata - Ha CHuMHama) II1M8 B YCT8ra cnlOH'-IeHIII >KIle- 3101. T e OTAenm CVlnH8 onxsa KORTO y61i1' sa *epTB8T8, 6e3 .q8 R AOKOCBaT

OKTOMYCbT (Octopus cyanee) noBYBa rpea AeHA BbPXY KOpanOBI1Te pwpose, CJlIl1BalilKl-1 ce VlAeanHO C oKoIiHaTa epena

ronRMa KH~ra aa >K.~BOTHIIl

ARGD'Il4' TA ARGO No OH.ABT

QPISTHOTEUTH S EXTENSA OnIilCTOTEVTY1C

OCTOPUS WLGIiFIIS 05111KHOBEH OKTOflO.!l

&E3rPb6H:A'YHILiI - '4neHeCTOHOrH

~JlEHECTOHorV1

EaOI1IO'-'.lo1P1

Yn8H8CTOHOrv1Te ca mn 6e3rpb6Hal.lHlI1 fKlI1BOTHlI1, KO~TO e lI1Man ronRM ycnex B eSOIlIOl,(It1F1Ta CIII. np01l13ne3nV1 ca npelJ,ltI 500 MIlH. r. OT elJ,Ha rpyna HB: rpeunaecnne 4epseVl, C KOFlTO ViM8T e~HaK8a cerMeHTa~ViR H8 rsroro

npl<1 • CKOnOneHApar8 ce BilP'KA8 RCHO Mer8MspH8r8 crpyKTyp8 1<1 HMIiIYIilSTO -a MHoro ~'lKa. B01'-!KI<1 CrOKP8KI<1,nOA06Ho

H8 CKononSHApaTa,

I<1MaT B AelilcTBL'lTenHOCT

no e,QH8 ABOIilKa Kpa'lKa H8 BCRK.O yneHY9

OT TAI10TO .ol<1nnOnOALliTe lIIM8T OOO'lS ABe ABOl4KLII Kpa'-!Ka Ha BeRKO 'lneH'le.

KaKTO BCIiI'lf<J4 4nSHeCTOHorn CKOnOneH,qp8Ta e nOKPL'lr8

C K'fIiI1KYna. «osro npeAna3B8 ranoro

LII e TBbPA8 !'laW 6POHR OcBeH TOB8 TA He nOHaCA 06e3BOAHAS8He iii YMLllP8 npL-1 I1VlnCa H8 snara

PA3BKrME

BCt.1l.1K\IIl.meHeCTOHOrll1 ca nOKpll1TlI1 C TBbplJ,a Kyrll1Kyna. KOFlTO rltl 38U,(vnaS8 K8:TO 6pOHFI. 8 XOlJ,a H8 H8:paCTSaHeTO ClI1 re npOMeHAT SbHWHlI1A CIo1 csener. sa ~8: 1I13rp8JlRT HOS, noronsu.

OSWA X_AiPAKTIEP,HCTlo1KA

TAnoIO e paa)J,eneHo H8 oerMeHTV1, KOltiTO 06V1KHOS8HO odopMAT TPIo1 4aCTI>-1 - rnasa I'bp,oV1 V1 KopeM4e. YneHeCTOHorV1Te Io1M8T BbHweH oener, KyrIl1KyIl8: V1 H8:YlleHeHliI 1I13p8CTb~VI, C KOV1TO ce IJ,BWKaT CB060IJ,HO.

CKOnOnSHjlpaTa e cyx03eMHO 'lneHeGrOHoro.

TR e OipOBHa, HO e 6e:30nacHa. Tblii KaTO 06L-1T8rSnL-1r9 Ha H8WI1Te pa~oHVl ca MHoro Ape6HVl.

Cbu.(9crsyeaT 0OO"le rponl<1"1HI<1 BHAoae. KOI<1TO AOC'Tlo1raT 20. a AOPIil \01 30 CM AbrJmiH8.

MHOro "lneHeGWHOrYi ca Xlo1l1.lHMlIYI. CKOnOneH,QpaTa ce xpaHIo1 C HaceKOMIo1 L-1 Ape6HYI 4epaeL-1. nO-eAPL-1"fe L-1H,QYlSl'IAL-1 aT8KyB8T CKOpnI<10HLo1. i)IU.lepL-1. a nOHRKOra ill Ape6HL-1 nTl-1'lKlil.

ME.CTOOBlo1TAHM.E 1111 PA3npOCTPAHEiHIIIE npeACTaSMTenV1T8 Ha Tl.1n LJneHeCTOHOn . ., ca e,oHliI ot Ha~-WY1- POKO pa3npOCTp8H8HIIlTe 1KV18OTHIll. YneHeCTOHOrY1T8 fKVlS8m H8:SCRKb,oe, B Haiii-pa3Ho06pa3Ha cpelJ,a: MOPCK8, Cfla,aKO- 80,oH8, CYX03eMHa. Ha cywma 06V1T8:SaT BCFiK8KBV1 H8;AMOpCKIiI BV1COl.lItIHItl OT EKS8TOP8: .00 nonocare.

• InO.Q,TLiln

BliI.Q

KnAC

I.fnEHECTO~ HOrL1

AHTeHOTpaxeaTItI

BecnOHOflll

naR Koo6pa3 Hili'

BVlcw.ItI' paKoo6paSHllli

EBOJ1ltOLlMiOHeHly,cnex

U n8H8CTOHorV1T8 C8 Haw·6or,aTMAIT HI. B:L1AOBe 1KV1- , BOTV1HCKIt1 TV1n. Te H86pOAB8T OKano 1,5 MnH. OnIt1C8- HIt1 BVlIJ,a. BepoRTHo 06aI.J8 re ca He nO-ManKO or 3 MnH., KOIt1TO CbLljeCTBYB8r H8 3eMRTa, TbVl KaTO II1Ma OLlIe MHOro HeOm1CaHlt1 BII11J,OB8 l.lneHeCTOHorVl. lt1M8T pa3nltll.lHlI! CPOPMV1 - ot KpV1BV1T8 Vl npaBVlTe paLjlt1, naRLjIt1Te III CKopm"OHIIITe, BOAHIt1Te KOHLJeTa lI! nenePYAVlTe AO TBbPAOKpV1nIt1Te It1 n4enVlTe. 06LllOTO sa BCltlYKlI! lRX ca lI.jjJ1eH'eCT&IIlre U3:AITb!q&lli. T OBa ca KpaKa, o6pa- 3YBaHV1 OT nOABIIIIKHV1 yneHyeTa. KOIt1TO ltlM nOM8raT Aa ce ABII1>K8r CBo60lJ,HO npV1 TbPCeHe Ha xpaHa. TAnoro e H8LJneHeHO, roect cer-

):18 pacre. YneHeCTOHorViTe ca pa3peWII1nVl T03V1 npo6- neM Ype3 CMRHa VI nOlJ,HOBABaH8 npe3 onpelJ,eneH lt1Hrepsan OT speMe Ha crapara 06BVlBKa c HOS8 Ype3 npoL\eC8 J1MHeeHe, npe3 T03Vl nepV10ll, IKII1BOTHOTO e 6e33aLllIt1THO It1 YA3BV1MO.

LJneHeCTOHOrll1Te C8 yYylJ,B8LljO cnolKHo YCTpoeHII1 OT 8BOnlOL\1I10HHa rneAHa TOYKa. Pa3BIt1TVl ca Hanpll1M8p HAKOlll oce38mnHII1 opraHVl (yaClOT TAX ca MHora CneLjIt1¢lVl4HII1). -pes KOIl1TO T8 npOABABaT It1Hrenll1- reHTHOCT, naM8T 111 cnocctscct sa Bb3nplt1eM8He. V1M8T OTBopeH8 KpbBOHOCH8 Clt1CTeM8, nynclt1paLljO cspue. KoeTO 1I13maCKB8 KpbBTa B OTKpll1TVl npOCTpaHCTBa, H8pe'-leHII1 naKljHII1 (npa3HII1HII1) , OT TAX KpbBTa ce BPbl1(8 OTHOBO B CbpL\eTO. DIt1W8H8TO e Ype3 xpll1ne npVl BO,QHIt1r8 npeACT8BV1renll1 111 Ype3 tpaxelt1 111 6enVl APo60Be npll1 cyxo-

PaK nyClil1HHIIlK III MOPCKa aHeMoHVtR

MeHTVlpaHO, 111 ce CbCTOV'l OT rnasa rbP~V'I VI KOpeMye Ocseu rosa TO

e nGKpVlTO C TBbP~ SbHweH CKefleT, HapeyeH KynU<YJ1a, CPOPMII1P8H or CbAbPi'K8l1(O 330T SeLljeCTBO, KoeTO e npoAYKT H8 nOSbpXHOCTHVlA enaren Ha TRflOTO. TOBa seuecTBO ce Hapltll.la XVlTVH

KyrVlKYfl8T8 38ll\ItlT8B8 TRnoTO, CbU.(espeMeHHO TF! OCV1rypABa ronAMa rbBKaBOCT, 3aLljOTO MelK.QY CbCeAHItlTe cerMeHTI..1 I4M8 enaCTV1YHa SPb3Ka, KORTO OClt1rypRsa noABl!I)KHOCT He caao Ha K.paK8T8, HO 111 Ha pa3nVl'1HV1 4aCTVI Ha lRnOTO H8 >KV1BOTHOTO. OCBeH ioaa sa K)'TII1K1jflara ce 3aKpenRT MycKYm1Te,

TBbPA8T8 K)'TV1K'fna He noasonsaa mnOTO Ha IKVlBOTHOTO

3eMHVlTe.

YfleHecTOHorVlT8 ca AVlL\eCHaCAl1(It1: OT A~LjaT8 ce 1t13JllOnBaT napBVI. Te ce pa3BVlBaT, KaTO npeMIi1HaBar OT 8~Ha ¢la3a B APyr8 IilflV1 4pe3 npoL\eca:el',BM:Op4>o3BI V'I CTV1- raT AO Bb3P8CTHltIIKVlBOTHVl.

Cnoxnara KnaClt1cpV1K8L\VlR H8 rvm YneH8CTOHOrll1 e np8,qcr8s8H8 B r86nll1L\8ra (aope). 3a nO-38iJ,bn6oyeHO 1t13CneAsaHe -a pa3flV1KIt1Te VI mnonOrlt1V1Te xapaxrepnoTO 38 pa3nll14HIt1 BV'lAOB8 uie 6b,Q8 npeACTaseHO noorIJ,eflHO B CneABaLljV1Te CTpaHIt1L\1t1 sa rpwre OCHOBHVI rpynV1: PaKoo6pa3HVl (Crustacea), naRKoo6pa3HV1 (Arachnida) It1 HaceKoMVI (Insecta),

6E3'rPb6HA;'"IHII1- 4neHeCTOHOrVl - PaKoo6paSH"1

PAK006PA3'V1

06LLlA XAPAKTEPLIIC11I1KA PaKoo6pa3H~T8 ce XapaKTep~3li1PaT c ABe ABO~KVI aHT8HIt1, VlMaT Ll..(II1nKV1 VI eAHa ABO(;!Ka AonHV1 l.l8nIOCTV1, TRnoTO 111M e nOKpl'1TO c KyTV1KYfla, KORTO e nOB8l.l8 V1nVl nO-ManKO TBbPAa, npl'1 MHOro BI'1AOBe H8 rbp6a KyrlilKYnaTa 8 nOAo6Ha Ha 6poHR, Hap8Y8Ha lj8pynKa, nplil HRKOIil BV1AOB8 TR nOKpli1Ba URno 0 rano.

MECT006litTAHLilE LII iPA3npOCTPAHEHLIIE

nOYTV1 BCW-IKVI paKoo6pa3HVl ca BOAHIII. lonRM8 -acr OT TAX 06VlTaBaT cna,qKOBOAHV1 6acelilHV1 - Kpaiii 6pera, V'I B OTKpIllTIi1- T8 npOCTpaHCTBa, IJbHOTO VI Abn604V1HVlT8 Ha MopeTO, 3aTOBa rli1 HapV148T 1/1 "MOpCKIi1 H8C8KOMV1" Cp8~a ce 48CTO VI B cna,qKIi1 BO):lV1, a nO-ManKO BIiIAOB8, KaTO MOKpV1uaTa, Ii<V1B8RT VI H8 cywara

PaKOO6pa3H~e c no roneMVI pa3Mep", Ha~-"leCTO

ce coeuar

8 MOpeTO,

B aKBa i'lyMVI V!nVl npVIr018eHVI KaTO xpaHa

Ha MacaTa

T e ce om8CAT

KbM pasoea .IleceTOt<.paKl'1 VI ca Hape eHV! rasa. 3aLL!OTO VlMaT

10 1113paCTbKa.

nOA IIIMera .pallV!" ce pa36V!par paanw'lHIII BIII/:\OBe ,qecerOt<.p8KV!, KOIIITO >KlIIsem

B Cna,QKIII

V! coneHV! BOA'"

npOol necerospasare paKoo6pa3HIII ocooe-o pa3BV!TVI ca ABe ABO~KVI 8HTeHV!, pa3.QBoeHOol orrpen Kj)8Ka. yepynKa V! npV! HR QIIl (Hanpli1Mep peYHVlR paK) Kj)8Ka C MOl1jHVI lljlilnKVI, -pea K~O xsaLllaT VI pa3KbCBaT >KepTBala

JlLllWAHE

npV1 no-Ape6HVlTe BVlAOB8 paKoo6pa3HV1 AI'1W8H8TO 8 KOIi<HO, URnoTO rsro AVlwa yp83 3ApaBa nOKpVlBK8. PaKoo6pa3HVlT8, nOKplt1T1t1 C TBbPAa 06BIt1BKa, A~WaT C xplt1ne,

CErnBHLII OprAHLII

nplil BCV14KV1 paKoo6pa3HVI C8TIilBHVlT8 OpraHVI ca Ao6pe oaaBli1Tli1 Karo 48 flVl npli1 TAX flli1nCBa caso Cflyxh T. BbPXY TFlflOTO It1 KpaKaTa V1M It1Ma MHoro6pOVlHVI peCHW,KVI It1 lJYBCTBVlTenHV1 Kfl8TKV1 C OC83aTeflHa ¢YHKL\VlFI 4pe3 ceTlIlBHVI opraHV1 BbPXY aHT8HII1T8 Bb3npV18MaT BKYe It1 MV1PV1C,

ronRMa. KHli1ra aa >KIi1BOTHIIi1I

nm

KflAC

PA3PE,lJ.

PO.Q

BillA

norrren

ManKL1 payeTa

~~~~-

nenClAL1, MOPCKL1 )l(bnb,QLIl

~~~--=-~~~------~~~---

I '-InEHECTO~ HorV11

PaKoo6pa3HL1

Xpanouora

ML1,QeHIll pa-rers

BOAHIll 6bnxII1

MlI!cVlC

He6anllla _?I{~HOKlI1a

Ilecerouora

0611lKHOBeH pa«, KPll18 pas, aparocra

:C.·. ·pell.(aT ce OKono 35 000 BVI)::Ia paKo06pa3H1t1, K01t1TO

. l'K1t1sem np8g1t1MHO B MopeTaTa VI MHOro ManKO OT TRX Ha cywara. T RflOTO VIM e HaLJfleHeHO Ha pa3mtLJeH 6po~ cerMeHTlt1, CKapVlgam HanpVlMep e pa3AeneHa Ha 19 LJaCTltl, 068gil1H8HItl B Tplo1 ARfla' rnasa rbPAV1 (noKpV1TVl CbC 3ApaBa 6pOHA) V1 KOpeMLJe, HopManHo rrasara VI rbPAVITe ca cpacH8nVl VI C8 HapVlLJaT IrnaBorpbA.

BceKVI cerM8HT !I1Ma 8gH8 ABO~Ka ~sp,a.cTbQVI', Ha nbpsVlR cerM8HT T8 nancear. 38ll.\OTO T8M ca OY~·1Te, PaKo06pa3HVlTe V1MaT ABe )::IBOll1KIt1 8HTeHV1, KOV1TO ca lIyBCTBvnenHlII opraHVI. YCTaTa e YCbBbPW8HCTBaHa V1 ce CbCTOlt1 or TpV'! yaCTV'! (rapHa VI gonH8 yenJOCT VI pa3APo6ABa- 1lI1t1 Kpa4Ka). KpaKaTa, cnYIKell4V1 aa npVl£IBVlI'KBaHe, nOHAKora VlMaT ILq~nK'1, OT KOll1TO 8):1Ha ABO~Ka ca MHoro pa3BVlU1. Jlpyra LJaCT OT KpaKaTa ca npacnocobe-

HIt1 38 nnysaHe, a cuuo VI Aa Vl3nbnHRsaT VI APyrVl cPYHK- 1.\1t1V1 pa3MHO>KVlT8nHVI opra- VI V1 Aa HOCAT A~L\aTa, noBeLJ8TO BVlAoBe paKoo6pa3HVI ca pa3A8nHononoBVI, HO

csuecrsvaar V1.xepMaej);pO,AVlTVI (roecr VlHAlI1BlI1AbT VlMa VI >K8HCKa, V1 Mb>KKa nonosa CVlCTeMa). PaKoo6pa3HV1Te MO.>Ke na ce paanenar Ha ABe roneMIt1 rpynVl. HV1cwVlTe paKoo6pa3HVl 06eAVlHRsaT 9 xnaca, or KOVlTO 4 ca MHOro B8)KHlt1 - Xpv1flOHOrltl (Branchlopodij, MV1geHIt1 pa-sta (CStracodij, BbcoHorVl (Cirripedl), Becnonora (CopepodO, BMcwMlre paKoo6pasHVI, KOVITO ca okono 18 000 m"aa, npV1Hagne>KaT cauo KbM eAV1H Knac - BV1CWV1 paKoo6- pa3HV1 (Malacostraca).

HMcwVlTe paKoo6pasHMI V1MaT MHOro pa3Hoo6pa3Ho yCTpo.~CTBO Ha TRnoTO, MHOro OT TRX ca Ape6HlI1 V1 X<V1seRT B OKeaHa, KbgeTO ca ronsua -acr OT nnaHKTOHa. nopagV1 rosa Te V1rpaRT Ba>K.Ha pons B MOpCKIt1Te xpaHV1TenHV1 seplt1r1t1, OT eAHa cipaaa HV1CWV1Te paKo06pa3HV1 norRbaqaT r'ORAMO K.on~:· 'LileCTBO napB!VI, OT APyra, xpaHe~KV1 ce c TRX, OCV1rypRBaT MHOro xpaHa 38 PV1- 6V1Te, cnegBall.(1t1 racascne OT rna«TOH. PaKo06pa3HVlT8 ca YAVlBVlTenHO

pa3Hoo6pa3HV1 no pa3MepVl - HAKOItl KaTO BOAHaTa 6bflxa ca abflrV1 3 MM, a rV1raHTCKVlAT paK or RnOHCKO Mope HagMV1Hasa 4 M B AV1aMeTbp C pasnepeHIt1 KpaK8

Ha CHUMH.8ma - aparocra. KOATO IIIMa aHTSHIII, no ,Qbnrlll OT TAnoTO Ha c. 34, rope - OOIilKHOBeH KPI'IB pax

MeCTloo6MT8HLlle: MOpeTaT8.

CbLU8CTBysaT pa3nVlYHL1 BVI,[IOB8 MOPCKVI :>Kbnb,[lVi. 583 CbMHeHVle TOBa C8 Ha~-ca-

MOTHVlTe paKoo6pa3HVI. TAXHaTa KaJlUVl8Ba 06BVlBKa npv'1nw-Ia Ha o6BVlBKaTa nplt! Hla.LlLIIH "8)1(.,801: npvtl<peneHVI.

M8KOT8nvlT8 VI e 3anen8Ha 38 cy6cTpaT8 npVl rnasara Or 4epynKaTa ce nOKa3B8T Illbft)K'LIIH8: 8-10 eM.

caMO KpaK8Ta. MOPCKIiIT8 :>Kbnb-

,[IVI noeaat S0118ra -pes KopeM48ro VI cplilmpVlpaT nnaHKTOHHVlT8 MVlKPOOpraHV13MVI, c KOV1TO ce XpaH.RT. 3aKpSnS8r ce HaBCflKbAe, KbA8TO e Bb3MO/KHO, HO Ha~-Beye BbPXY Kopy6ara Ha MopCKV1Te KOCTeHYpKV1.

OnaCHItl ca 38 nn8saTenHV1Te CbAOBe, 38Ll1OTO ce H8TpynBaT B renRMO KOJ1V1yeCTBO BbPXY nOABOAHaT8 VIM -acr VI 38TPYAHflB8r nn8BaHeTQ. MOPCKItIte :>KbnbAVI ce OTHaCRT KbM KIl8C BbCOHOfVl. HRKOVI OLl8nRBaT 6naroAapeHIt18 Ha 38TBopeH8ra B 4epynK8T8 BOAa

i6IESrIPb15HA'-iIIH;IIII- YlneHeCl'OIHOrlll1l - P

rLJIr AHTCKO ULJlnIPLJI.QE,

P83MHO)K8a8HS: pa3AenHon0J10BVI.

M'eno06L11T8HLlle.: OTKpIt1TO Mope Ha 1000-3000 M AbJl604V1H8.

IHa"ilMH Ha )I(.,aOT: Snlt13a B CbCTaBa Ha nn8HKTOH8. .QbR)I(LIIHa: 25 MM.

He 6V1B8 A8 ce nOAflbfB8Te aT BbHWHVI.R BVlA Ha yB8nw-reHOTO .>KVlBOTHO Ha C. 37 rVlraHTCKO l..J.VlnpVlAe (Gig8nfocy~ pri's agassiz;)'. TOBa Ape6Ho paY8 npVlHagne>KVl KbM xnac MiIIA8HVI paseta V1 e AbnrG 25 MM. BbnpeKlil TOBa B cpaSHeHIt18 c APyrvnB BV1JjOBB OT T03V1 Kn8G, Jjbnrlil 1 MM, TO 8 IilCTVlHCKJ..1 rVlr8HT. )t(VlBOTHlt1Te OT T03V1 «nac VlM8T 4epynKa, 06pa3YB8H8 OT ABe 1..!aGTlII', KQl.1TO C8 cbeAVlHRS8T Ha rbp6a. 38 pa3nVlK8 OT APyrV1Te paKoo6pa3HlI1, MVl,[l8HVlTe oa-era VlM8T caMO ABe VlI1V1 rpllt JjBO~KI.-1 Kpa4K8 e ManKlil pa3MepVI. ABeTe ABO~KV1 8HT8HVI ca Ao6p8 pa3Bl-1TVl Ii! Cny>K8T III aa rpe6na nplil nnYBaH8. :>Kv1BOTHJ.1Te ce "BnaYat no J]bHOTO, KaTO !43n0Jl3BaT L13paCTbLlW8 8bPxy fbPAI,1Te Gill K8TO KP8YKa. CaMO nocneAHam ABO~K8 CJl)O+\II1 KaTO Mema 38 4V1CT8H8 Bb TpeWHOGna Ha 4epynK8T8 OT TV1HfI. 3pv1TenHVIre opraHVI C8 pa3Jllil4HII1 nplil OTAeflHVlT8 BIiIAoBe: H.RKOVI ca cnenVl, APYrH ItIM8T nU8HTpanHO" OKO, TpeTVI VlM8T ABe npOCTVI Ol.jVl V1nVl CJlO>KHII1, K8KBII1TO ca npll1 HaC8KOMIiITe. B!I1AOBeT8, KOIl1TO IKItIBem B MOp8TaTa, ca pa3AenHononoBV1, a Cfl8AKOBOAHlt1Te CB pa3MHOtKaB8T ype3 napTeHoreHe3ar TOeCT 003 onno>KA8H8.

PaSMHO>KaaaHe: xepM8CPPOAVlT.

.......__

.3HQ.eH1e rU4, lie:

~ *SOAHaTal 6"nxa (Oaphnia pUleK) e )J.pe6HO paKOO6pa3HO C pa3Mep 3-5 MM nO!<.pV1Ta e CbC 3A,DaBa npo3pa4Ha 4epynKa lI1 fKV1Bee B cn8,[lKOBO,QHlI1 6ace~HV1. 3a npMBVVKB3He He lI13- roresa !<.p8KaT8.. KOVlTO C8 3aTBOpeHII1 B 4epynKaTa, a ,QbIlrll1Te CIi1 aHTeHVI. KaKfO BC\I14Kl11 OJ paapeAa VI BO,QH8ra 6bnxa Cf1YI'KIi1 aa xpaHa Ha plI16V1Te 1/1 MHoro APyrn SOAHIII >l<IIIBOTHIll

CbLUO XPlilnOHOro, >l<IABeelllO B Cn8,[lKill BO,QIII, e ·6pa~:·

I xio1nyc", (Blanch/pus stagnalis), ll,bnbr CaMO 23 MM

D,pyrlll xpVlnoHorVi ca Ipecliu.,l.IeCIaTal nonMapTeMMFI (Polyateffila lorc/pata) l'I*s.pleMM'AI9 (.4flemI8 salma). ApTeMII1R-

ra 06l11TaBa COIlHlI1L\lI1Te lI1 COneHlI1Te esepa B YMepeHlI1Te 30- HIt1, Oc06eHOTO npll1 T03V1 BI4A e, 4e j:1bIl.>Kl-1HaTa Ha Kpa4KaTa

I,

111 L\BeTb T ce onpeAemn B 3aBII1Cli\MOCT or coneaccrta -a BOgara KonKOTO KOHueHrpal.\V1RTa Ha COIlTa e nO-8\11COK8., ronKOBa !<.pa4K8.Ta ca nO-KbCII1 l'1 JAnoTO e no- TbMHO

*PaKonoAo6Hio1AT TpMonc (Triops cancnformls) e xpll1noHoro, KoeTO He ce e npoMeHVlIlO B npo):lbJl>KeHIA8 Ha 200 MnH, r T osa ce norSbp>K.Q8Ba or <poCIi1IlHV1Te OCTaTbL\1o'I orroreaa >KYIaee B Cn8,QKlI1 BO):jl'1 It! lI1Ma ronaaa rpb6HO pa3nonO>l<eHCI yepynKa, KORTO ra nOKpll1Ba. llbIlbr e osoro 10 eM

naMnQAeal,1 (Limnadia lentlculans) e ,Qbnra AD 17 MM lI1 ce ABlI1fKV1 Mbp3em1BO no AbHOTO HCI M?JlKV1 cna,oKoBOAH\I1 noK.8V1.

II naytl:OBMAT Ka_1Il0KanaHY,c (Calocalanus pavo) e MOPCKO eecnotoro. KoeTO e -acr OT nnaHKTOHa V1 e cHa6geHo C

MHOro nyxKaBII1 1i13paCTbl.\lI1 I

.nenB,QIllTe VI pasera or KJlac BbCOHorVl ce np~,QbpmaT -pes I

TPb60BIi1AeH IA enaCTVlyeH "KP3K", Abnbr OKono 1 0 eM. J

ronRMa KHliIra aa )KIIi1BOliHW

CALCJCIVWUS /lI\\.{l rlAY'l-iOB KAIlOKAllAHYC

GiGIWTOCYPR/S AGISS/ll rl.1rAHTCKO WlnPVt!lE

5E3rp'b&HAI.IHIf1' - YneHeCTOHOrW - Pa,Koo6pa3HIiI

-------------------------------------------

81RGUS LATRO PM PA3f{)';'H!~K

rOJllRMa KHlllra sa *1II80TII-IIIII

PAK PA3150L4IHIILI1IK

MeCToo6MtaHMe: no 6pera.

MecTloo6wraHMe: no 6pera

Pasn,pocrpaHeHIII e:: ~peIJ,Vl3eMHO Mope.

Pa~3npoC1'paIHeHll/le: 3ana.qH8m 48eT H8 T V1XItlA OKe8H.

,QbnJKMHa Ha 'tep}mKBTa: 4-5 CM.

06I!1KHOBeHVI.RT KplilB paK KaTO BCV14KV1 paLjVl, paerpocrpaeHVl BbB SOIJ,HVlTe 6ace~HIiI Ha Espona, ce OTHaCR KbM paepen AeCeTOKPaKItI. nplil Ha~-ManK8Ta onaCHOCT 6Ara, sa lJ,a ce cKPl!1e, npI!1IJ,BWKB8l:1KV1 ce H8Crp8HIiI. YepynKaTa My e TbMHOsene-a AOK8TO LlllilnKVlTe ca no-cserna npelJ,H8T8 -acr H8 paKa 8 cHa6AeH8 C Tplll TpVlblbnHVI 3b6a Me~y ABeTe 04V1, pa3nOnO>KeHItI Ha cThn6Yem.

Maca Ha, Bh3paC1HMFlII/IHAMIB~A: 2-2,5 Kr.

PaKb T pa360~HIi1K >KI!1Bee no aan8AHVlT8 6peroBe Ha T IilXVlA OKeaH. T 031i! paK e c roneMItI pasMep1tl VI e nOnY'"lVln VlM8TO CIi! OT cnccotnocrra CI-1 ,Qa ce K8Tepl-1 no KOKOCOBI-1Te IJ,bpseT8. r OSOpl.1 ce, !..fe e B CbCTOFlHVl8 A8 npepe>Ke C l1\l!1nKItIT8 CYI IJ,Pb>KK8.T8 H8 KOKOCOBVIR apex 1!1 TOM ,aa na,QHe Ha 3eMRT8, HO TOBa 8 caso nereHlJ,8. npeAn01.jVlT8Ha xpaHa Ha paK8 pa36oliiHI!1K ca pill6vl Vlnlil MIil):lVl, 1!13XBbpneHli1 H8 6pera. GaMO noHFlKor8 ce xpaHI!1 c aupeusecna Ha KOKOCOBillA opex VI TO soraro ro H8MepVl OTBOpeH. 8 ,Qe~crBVlTenHocT He38BItIClilMO OT ron.RMara cana H8 IJ,BeTe CIII l1\ltInKY1 He e B CbCTORHVle ,aa CB8n1i1 nnOIJ,OBeT8, HliITO ,Q8 rill OTBOpttl. 3H88 ce. 48 TO- 31i1 P8K ce P83MHO*CB8 8 Mopero 1!1 4e HeroBVIte n8pBiII.>KVI8e.RT Bb8 Bo,aara ,ao M8T8MOP¢038- ta KoraTO ce npeBbpH8T BbB Bb3paCTHVl I!1HAVlBVlAlII, 1-13nVl3aT H8 cvuata T e A!.1W8T anoccepeH 8b3,ayx V1 HAM8 ff~a ):Ia ce BpbLll8T BbB BOAma.

KpI-1BVl.AT paK e .>KVIBOTHO, K08ro ce npl-1CnOC06ABa ,Q06pe B 3aMbpceHa cpe,Qa, 3aTOBa MO>Ke na ce BIilAII1 VI Ha npVlCTaHVlll1ara Fl,ae BC!I14KO: OT ,ape6-

, Ht.1 p1!16J<l.1 t.1 CK8.plitlJ,lil AD , npeWneHeCTII1 4epSelit.

Tali! e AOCT8 8rpecV1BHo >KVIBOTHO VI He nponyCK8 ,Q8 Han8AHe nO-,Qpe6HIt1 I!1nVl nlt1Heel1\1t1 ce6enoA06HVl. MHOro !..feCTO 6op68m ce BOIJ,Vl C Lllli1nKlitTe, KOI!1TO 8!11H8rlll ca OTBOpeHVl VI nOB,Qlt1rH8TlII. CIlY4B8 ce B 6111TK8- fa IJ,8 3ary61t1 eAHa OT lll!l1nKIIITe. KO.RTO 1i13paCTBa OTHOBO nplil CneABall.lOTO nV1HeeHe. 06V1KHoseHI!1RT KPI!1B paK e 3a6aBHo sa Ha6nlOAeHIi1e >K1il80THO.

AHeMoHIIIAT8 ce XPffi-i1ll c OCT8Tbl.\IIITe OT )(paH8T8 H8 pasa, 8 TR OT CBOA CTp8.Ha ro

Hili nenarH,I.!:NMAr KpMB paK (Portunus pelagicus) VI MMax-YOb' (Inachus dorsemensis) C8 ,QBa para, "l8CTO CpeLllatl.\1II ce B Cpe,q1ll3€MHO Mope. A 8 Abn6000e eoAlii /KlI1Bee ,6pa,A8Tara IOMona (Homola .barbata).

neCHO e A8 ce p83no3Hae >KeHCKaT8 or Mbm<.Y1A npVl*o6MI(HOBeHMAI KpMe paiK, (Carcmus maenas), !<aTD ce pa3rne,qa KGpeM4em >KeHcKcna IIIM8 no-wlllpoKO KOpeM4e, 38l..l.l0TO BbPXY Hero ce sarensar .A~Ll8Ta J.1 TFI rll1 HOCM CbC ce6e CIII. Mb>KKV1RT VlM8 TACHO III TplllbIDnHO KOpeM"le

nycm'ni'lHMRT paK HS. Eiep:ltapAO' (Eu- na31i1 or Henpll11:nenVl C KonpVlBHwe Clil

pagurus bemhardus - Ha CHUM/{ama) II1Ma KfIeTKII1 llapAaHYCbT (Oardanus arosor)

MeKO J.-1 YA3BJ.-1MO umo 3aTOBa >Kli1Bee B e APyr nycTVlHeH paK, KOtilTD TbPCIII CKPli1-

, 1-13OCTaB8HVl OXflIOBeHII1 4epynKl'l, KO!l1TO ro Sarlli1li.(8 B npa3HIII 48pynK\I1 Ha OXnlOBII1 111

38ll!VlTaB8T Cne,Q nlilH88H8 rsroro My Ha- /KlI1see S CVlM6V1038 C Mopcooe 8KTVlHVlVl

pacrea V1 paKb T A nycTV1HHOTO pa"le nD,P~

TbpCli! no-rornaa 4epyn!<a, aa }:I8 ce npVlIOTII1. >Klimee B c\l1M611103a C MOpCi<l1Te aHeMOHV1H.

q,enll:loea IIlna'Mxo;pa. (Parcel/ana pJatycheJes) e nnOCKO J.-1 38TOsa Tbpclil sa CKplilSarll<1ll!e nnOCKV1 11€pynKIII, a He cnlllpaIlOBII1A-

SE3IrPbISHA"'IHL1- 4nSHSCTOHOrlll - iPaKoo6paSHL4:

PHAONIMA SEDENTARIA nplt1KPEnEHA <!lPOHIt1MA

GAMMAFVS FlJLE>I nRCbYHA E.bflXA

ronRMa KHlt1ra sa >KIt1IBOTHLJ1

MOKpli1~aTa ce OTHaCR KbM pa3peA PaBHOHOrli1. V1HTep9C8H 9 ¢aKTbT, 49 Te ca 8AIliHCTBeHItIT8 paKo06pa3HV1, npV1cnoco6vlnili C8 A8 mltlBeAT Ha cywma, 683 Aa 3aBV1CRT or BOAma, K8KfO ItI 6nilt3Kop0J::PS8HIiIT8 ItIM CK8PViAIiI ItI paL_(ltI, V1M8

MHOro BIi1AOB8 MOKPV1L\ItI, pa3npocTpaH8HItI no L\Rn csar, ill Ha~-8APIi1T8 caAbnrltl H8 noBeY8 or HRKonKO CaHTV1MeTpa. T 8 ca COl\IIi8JlHIIi mItlBOTHVl, KOItITO mV1B8AT rpynoBo It! 6nVi30 eAHO AO APYro. Iasa HaM8JlRBaT CV1nHOTO 1i13nap8H1tI8, K08TO e MHOro Ba>KHO sa *Ii1BOTa Ii1M Ha cywara. )KIi1B8RT nOA K8MbHIi1, rH1li8ll11i1 AbpB8ra - HaBCRKbA8, KbA8TO Ii1Ma snsra ItI TbMHV1Ha. T 83 Vi ycnoBI!1R ca H806xO)J,ItIM1tI38 lAX. AKo C8 1t13n0>t<.8T H8 CB8mo, Ha CnbHL\8, T8 YMVlpaT CKOPO nopa,QV1 DVlnca Ha BOAa. nOS848- TO QT TRX npV1 onaCHOCT C8 CBV1B8T BbB cpopMaTa Ha TOn48, KaKfO np8BRT 6POH9HOCLjItlTe. 06BIiIBK8T8 H8 MOKpllium8 e MHOro TBbPAa It1 rosa A npSAna3S8 OT aTaKIi1T8 Ha naRl.\V1T8. OCBeH TOBa MOKpli1LWITe 1i13nYCK8T T811HOCT, KORTO e mora V1 MltIplllWe nouo, Ie-a T8 Abp>t<.8T Ha pascronaae MpaBKIi1Te Ii1 CTOHOfKKIi1Te.

lMeCT,006MIIi,aiHMe: CTy)J,eHIt1T8 OKeaHCKV1 BOAItI M8lKAY 0 iii 600 M.

HS"IMH H8 )I(.IV180T: nnaHKTOH.

"Kpvm" 8 HOpaefKKa AYM8. C HeR ce 03Ha4asaT AY31i1Ha SViAOBe Ape6HIiI paLjV1, KOIi1TO ca ejJ,Ii1HCTB8HaT8 xpaH8 Ha KIi1TOBeT8. Ha~-p83npOCTpaH8HIi1AT BIi1jJ, or TAA e eycpa3V1RTa. T A npli1nVlya H8 t:lpe6HVlT8 payeTa, KOIi1TO /tWIBeAT B CTYAeHVlTe BOAIi1, 6nli130 ,0,0 C8B8PHIi1R ronco Ii1 AO AHT8PKfV1K8.

T e3V1 paKoo6pa3HVI CH8CRT FI~L\aTa CVI Ha 250 M t:lbn6o- 1I1i1Ha ItI napBHItIRT CT8iJ.l'1V! e AB8roAIi1WeH. CneA TOBa napBVlTe ce npeapbL4aT BbB Bb3paCTHVl VlHAIt1BIt1AV1. Kplilnb T JKIiIBee B OTKpVlTO Mope, HoceH OT T8yeHVlATa, VI ce XpaHIi1 C nnaHKfOH, OT csoa CTpaHa KpVrnbT nOA cpopM8Ta H8 "cynepnnaHKTOH" VlMa Maca or CTOTIt1~1II Mv1nIilOHV1 TOH08e. >KVIBee Ha naCa>K1tI c npOt:lbnrOBara cpopMa VI C 6ene3HltlKa8 It1nltl P030B waRT. B OKeaHa Kpa~ AHrapKTIllKa npea nepltloA8 Ha pa3MH0>K3BaH8 ca 61i1nVl 1t13M8p8HItI naCa>K1iI CrbCTQT8 18 Kr Kpilln Ha Ky'6V1- 1I8CKVI M8Tbp 8oAa. Ilpes IOmHOTO nRTO KlllTOB8T8 MoraT Aa 1i13RjJ,8T Ha.A 150 MnH. T Kplllfl,

*MOKPII1UA

*KanpenaTa, (Caprella IIneafls) HanoAo6ABa no BbHweH BIi1A 60- rouonata )KIiIBee B AmaHTliI'-leCKII1A OKeaH Vi CpeAVl3eMHO MOpe nnyaa MHoro t<paCvlBo, Abp>KeViKV1 rnaeara H3,QOny, a KpaKara Harope iii TAIlOTO 06pa3YBa 6YKB8m ,S

KbM p83peA CrPSHVIttHO' nnyosl1IVI ce OTH8CA Ii1 np.VlKpeneaara 4l,poHVlMa (Phronina seden/aria).

nACb'I.IHBT8. 6bua (Gammarus pulex) e APe6HO paKoo6pa3- HO, Abnro 20 MM, yeCTO Cpe14aHD no nnatKOBeTe VI MHOro none3HO. B Ae~CTBliITeIlHOCr roIleMIii KonillyeCTBa or paCTlIITenHVlR AeTplilT VI ;>KIiIBDTHVI, V13ne3nVi OT BOA8Ta BbP:XY nACbKa, ce n04li1CTB8T or nFlCb4Ht.1Te 6bIlXVI.

*BOAHDTO' IMara,petil~e (Asellus aquaticusj, KaKfO iii MOKpVlwara npViHBAJlemJ.1 KbM pa3peA PaBHoHorY'1'. )Klimee B Cn8,QKVi mxVi BOAVi, o6pacnli1 C pacncen-ccr. He nnyaa, a 6aBHo nbJl3!11. OTrne>K):1a MaIlKVlTe CVI, aOKaTO craHaT caMOCTOATenHli1 >KeHCKlt1re HOCRT rspso A~l1ara, a nocne V1 MaIlKll1Te, pa3nOnOfl<8HV1 BbP:XY nnOCKaT8 -acr Ha nbpSlt1Te '"IeTVlpl-1 aBO~Kt1

I Kpa4Ka.

06V1KHoBeHo IK8HOKMiJUa (Squilla mantis - Ha cHuMK8ma) ;>KVlBee B CpeJ\iI13eMHO MOpe. ,Qbnra e ):10 20 CM III CHaCFI osono 50 000 Fl~l\a, >KeHCKaJa HOClil A~l1ara Me>K):1y ll\lIlnKViTe osono 10 cegMVllJ,li1, rpaa KOVITO TA He ce xpaHItL

M'M!3"'Ae (Mysis reficata) e Ape6Ho paKoo6pa3Ho, KoeTO :>KVlsee B cTYAeHV1Te BOAV1 Ha eseoara B CeaepHa Espana

MeCloo6MTBHll'le:. BnBmHVI T8peHVI.

AVlwaHe: c 1li3M8H8HttI xpli1n8.

6EsrPb6HALlHLII - '4neHeCTOHOrll1 - naFI1Koo6pa3HII1!

nAFlK006PA3HVl

IEsontOLCYLA', PA3npOCTPAHEHLI1E Lit IMECTOOSWfAHIIIE n8RKOo6pa3HV1T8 YlM8T .QpeSeH npOVl3XO.Q. Ha~-CT8pV1Te cpOpMV1 g8TVlpar OT CTOTV1L!.111 MlIlnlllOHIIl ro.QIIlHV1 V1 npV1m..,48T Ha C8- r8WHV1T8 CKopnV10HV1 n8RL!.V1T8 ca pa3npOCTpaH8HV1 HaBCRKb.Q8 no cyw8ra V1 ocoteuo B pa~OHIo1, Kb.QeTO e MHOro snatKHO Iii rorno. DpyrY1 IKIo1B8RT B YMepeHV1T8 30HIo1, 8 HRKOVl BVI.QOB8 n8RL!.V1 ce CpeLl.\8T 4aK.QO apKTlilYHV1T8 paIilOHV1.

Salticus sanguinolentis

(gOAy f3.rv:l8o) e MHoro V1HTepeC8H naRK. 04141"8 My ca paarono 8HV1 B TPV1 flV1HvU1: CPEmHV1T8

ca HaVi-ronSMiI1T8, B cpaBH8HV18 C APynne, V1 npl .. 1n1l14aT

Ha reneo6eKfV1B8 H8 ooroaraoar B Ae~cTBV1T8nHoCT T8 YBenWiaBaT pa3Mepa Ha ~epTBara, HO V1MaT orpaHI.-148HO none3peHillB

ETO 3aLUO T831'1 naRl..IV1

C8 npV16nWKaBaT MHOro 6nl.-130 AD .>K8pTBaTa. npeAV1

Aa ce HaXBbpnRT BbPXY HeA

OS!LllA ,XAPAKTEPIIICTlI1KA

T anoro Ha naRKoo6pa3HV1T8 e pa3,QeneHO Ha npe.QHa lIaCT rnaaorpu; V1 3ElAHa -acr KOP8MLf8 naRL!.IiIT8 iI1M8r 8HT8HItl. nbpSara ABOIi1K8 LfneH8CTlIIItl3AaTbLlltl ca X8nVlL(epV1Te, cHa6AeHlil C t<yKJIII-IKV1 II1nlil llIliinKIII sa XBaLl.\aH8, pa3APo6ABaH8 V1 nOAHaCFlH8 Ha XpaHara KbM ycrara

XPAHEHE

naRKOo6pa3HV1T8 ca M8COFl.QHV1 V1 'y'}KaCHVl XV1ll1HII1L!.V1. CKOPnl!!OHme ce XpaHHT C IKItIBV1 >KepTBV1, KeTO TBbPAOKPVlnV1, AbpBeHV1L.(Itl VI APyrV1 4neH8CTOHorV1 r KOItlTO pa3KbCSaT C llIV1nKI!!Te III 1II3CMYKB8T Y8CTV1Te V1M. naFlL!.V1T8 noKpV1saT CbC CMV1naTeIlHIII COKOBe >KepTB8Ta aa onpenene-o SpeMe, sa .Qa ce "crom.,", npeAV1 na R 1!13R.Q8T.

n04TIo1 BCIo14K~ naRl..IV1 ca CYX038MHIo1 KbLUHV1RT naRK (Tegenaria domestica) e MHOro paarpocrpa-ea 1.-1 003rp1.-1)l(HO nyCKa HV1WKMTe 1!1 Mpe>KV1Te CV1 BKbllll!1 Paanonara ce B cas B Haliirscrara 4aCT -a Mpe.>KaT8 (cHUMKama aope).

MHOro CflO>KHV1 ca Mpe.>Kl!1Te Ha Micrathena (gOl\!j 8gRCHO). xapaKfepeH 38 Tonm.ne 30HI.-1 naRK c 6paHI!1paHO VI 6ol=lnV1Bo KOpeM48

nOBE~EHVlE

naRKOo6pa3HV1T8 ca MHOro arpeCV1BHV1 >KItlBOTHItl. BVlKarl!! ca roTOBI!! Aa aT8KYBaT VI n06e.QFIT lKepTBaTa. CKOpnV10HV1T8 1013- nonssat orpoaara CVl, HaMltlpallla ce B t..13P8C'DK Ha 38.QH8T8 -acr Ha rsroio. c KORTO y6V1B8T lKepTB8r8 n8Fll\V1T8 ca CbBbpweHIII npV1 nOCTpOFlB8H8TO Ha 3ApasVI, np03pa4HV1, nenKaBV1 Mpe>KlII, KOItlTO 111M cnJ?«.ar 38 XB8Ll.\8He Ha lKepTB8m.

ronAMa KHl-1ra sa >KIt1BOTHl-1

CyxoaeMHL'I Cb~eCTBa

ca Tpb6eCTV1 TpaxeVl MHOro KbpnelKlt1 1]lIIWaT c KO>KClTa 1t'mV1 yepSOTO. MblKKlIITe V1 >KeHCKV1Te It1HAV1SIt1AV1 4eCTO ca MHOro pa3nV14Hltl (ooros AV1MOPCPIt13bM), Tasa e HanpV1- Mep npV1 naRllV1Te.

Pa3MHO>KaBaHeTO e c R~'-Ia. PRAKO R~'-IaTa ce pa3BIt1BaT ltl Vl3fllOnBaT supe B opraHVl3Ma.

Knac naRKo06pa3HV1 (Arachnida) ce OTHaCR KbM nOAmn XenV1'-1epam, TOeeT IKvtBOTHV1 c XenVl'-leplt1, KOVlTO ce pasnemr Ha peAVlua pa3peAvt.

CKopm,oH~ITe VlMaT ABe roneMVI neAltlnannltl, KOIIITO sasuxuBar c ll\VlnKV1, a OnaWKaTa - c OTpOBeH WV1n nb>KeCKOpn~OHWTe ca MHoro Ape6HIt1, OT 1 ,0,0 8 MM, 6e3 onauxa CnbH"IeBMTe naR4&11 ca eAPV1, nOKpV1TV1 C rbCTIt1 pecHvt4KIt1 It1 V1MaT ABe roneMVl xenV1-

lleplt1, npeespuat» B Knell\V1 KaMWM"IeCTLilTe CKopm,oHM ca HOll\HlII >KlIIBOTHlII V1 06l11TaBaT cy6TponV111V1Te V1 TponV111VlTe AM6nMnMnne ca Ape6HV1 naR4eTa c MHoro Abflrlt1 neAV1nannV1, nOKpv1TVI c 60An1t14KlII. C'bLl.4l11HCK&IITe naR4111, OT KOV1TO ca n03HaTlII 26 000 BV1Aa, ca V1 Ha~-MHor04V1cneHlIITe BlIIAoBe OT KIlac naRKoo6pa3HlII CeHoKoc4Mre V1MaT Ape6Ho TRno V1 AbnrV1 KpaKa. >K1t1Bem B YMepeHVlTe V1 TpOm14Hlt1Te Wlt1plllHlII CpeA Kbpne>KMTe ce cpeuar MHOro BlII,Qose, KOV1TO >KltlBeRT Ha cyuara DpyrV1 ca paanpocrpase« 1t1IlV1 B COneHIt1, VlnV1 B Cna1]KV1 B01]V1. MHoro Kbpne>Klt1 ca

n 03HaTVl ca osono ~6 000 BV1,Qa naRKoo6pa3HV1, HO ce CMRTa, LJe cuiec SYBaT oue MHOro XvlnA,D,1t1 HeOnltlCaHlII nocera nOBeLJeTO OT TRX ca CYX03eMHV1, He- 3aBIt1CIt1MO -e ca pasrpocipaeHV1 BbB BCWiKV1 Cpe,D,V1, BKIlIOLJV1- TeIlHO III BbB BO,D,HaTa, oc06eHO B ro-romate perlt10HlJI

BCIIlYKIt1 naRKo06pa3HIt1 lIIMaT CXOAHO yCTPO~CTBO, TRnOTo e pa3,QeneHO Ha rnaBOrp'bA, CbCTORtl\ ce OT rnasa V1 rbPAVl noKPV1TO e c TBbp1Ja 068V18Ka III V1Ma wecr QBO~KV1 1t13paCTbl(1t1 - e,QHa ABO~K8Xem'IL~epM, 8,D,Ha J:lBO~Ka neA&II,nann&ll V1 48T\I1plt1 J:lBO~KVl Kpa4K8, KOpeMyeTO HRMa Kpa4- Ka. XenL1ueplt1Te ca 6nV130 ,0,0 YCTaTa V'l cny>K8.T 3a XSa1J4aHe V1Illll

Ha CHUMHama - SViA paKonoAo6eH naAK, Ha c. 42 eope BgRCHO naRK TOMIo1CyC

aa SKapBaHe Ha orposa. a nOHRKora sa npeaeHe no HV1UK8Ta, neAlIInannVlTe MOraT ,Qa VlMaT pa3nW.JHa cpopMa V1 CPYHKlllt1!t1, nOHRKora cny>+<.aT sa ,QbBKaHe, ,Qpyr nsr ca CHa6AeHV1 c roneMV1 VI Te>KKV1 KIletl\V1, C KOIt1TO xaauat xepraara MO>Ke 1]a cny>K8.T V1 sa pa3MHO>KaSaHe, YeTIt1- pv1Te ABO~KlII KpaYKa cnyx<:aT sa ABV1>KeHV1e, KonaHe, nnyeaHe, 3a HaMOTaS8He IHa. naA>K~HaTa, 3a,Qbp>KaHe Ha xeprsara III 1]P

CKOpnlllOHIt1T8 Vl naRllV1Te, a It1 HRKOl-1 Kbpne>K1t1 ca cHa6- t:leHVl C OTPOBHUI >Kl1e3L1. naRUIt1Te VI HRKOlll APyn.., nasKoo6pa3HVl lIIMaT namKV1HHVl >Kfle3V1, .QIt1XaTenHlIITe opraHVl

napa3lt1TIt1.

I ran

nO,QTVln

KnAC

PA3PE.!l

naRKoo6pa3HVI CKOpnli10HI11 06V1KHoseH CKopm10H

~----------------

"iIlEHECTOHon"

Mecl,006wraHMe: SDa>KH1iI MeCTa II1mDli1aHCKIi1RT CKOpm10H npIiIHap,n8)t(1iI KbM c8MeiltCTBO, K08TO BKnlO4Sa OKOno 60

Blilj:la, pa3npocTpaH8HIi1 no BCV14KV1 KOHTIiIH8HTV1, C lII3KnlOLl8HlII8 Ha AscTpanV1R iii A<J>pV1K8 Ha or OT Caxapa. Toil! e eAIt1H OT 48TIt1plt1T8 BIi1Aa cKopnV1oHV1, KOV1TO C8 CP8ll18T B VlTanV1A.l1Ma HOlll8H HaLlV1H H8 )KIiIBOT, KpV18 08 OT CBemV1Hara S AYnKVI no CTeHII1-

T8 iii nOA KaMbHIiI. XP8HV1 ce C HaC8KOMIi1, naA41i1, KOVlTO xsal1\a c lLIlilnKV1T8 Gill VI y61i1sa c xem"Ll8pliIT8 v1nVl Llpe3 GMbpTOHOCHO ymV1DBaH8 G SbPxa Ha KOpeMY8TO CVI. II1Ma cnaoo 3peHlile VI 4aKa >KepTBlilT8 My A8 AOiltA8T Ha6nlll30. >K8HCK8T8 HOCV'! MaDKV1T8 BbPXY rbp6a ClII B npOAhD)t(8HVl8 Ha C8AMIi14V1 cnen Vl3DlOnB8.H8TO. ManKVIT8 OTHa48nO ca HenOj:lBIil>KHVI Vl crasat aKTV1BHIiI cnen nbpBOTO m1HeeH8. AKo re He 1i136ftraT B8j:1Hara, !liMa onaCHOCT MailtK8T8 A8 rill V13AA8. KoraTO ca npen H8R, TA rill B3V1Ma 38 xepTBIll. T 831i1 CKOpm10HIi1 ce pa3MHOIK8saT eAsa cnen 3-4-roAV1wHa Bb3paCT. MnagV1T8 ca CBemV1 V1 ce pa3DIiI48S8T OT Sb3paCTHv1T8 no pa3MepV1 iii nponOPllV1lt1, TADOTO 8 no-o6eMHO, HAMaT HOKTV1 B KpaR Ha Kpa48TaTa V1 m-mcsaT pecHV14KIIl. CP8l1\8 ce III Y Hac.

'2u JI':',a',MI,a' ..A ~cI' A~ • tJ,~,~ ,,,,,,.,., r,IoG'I

CIKOpn.,OH.,re Ii1MaT CvlnHO pa3BIi1TO yYBCTBO 38 J:lonli1p. TOBa KOMneHCli1pa cna6mo 3peHV1e - CKopnV10HV1Te He BW'KAaT xepTBaTa AOPIi1 xoraro MV1HaBa MHOro 6n1i130, Ii1 He .R rpecrenaar, aKO TR 1i136.Rra

eMma ce, -e aKO CKOpn.,OHbT e 3a06l-1KOneH C OrbH, ce caMoy6Ii1Ba, KaJO ce caMOy>KMnsa c IKV1noTO CVl. BepORTHO 068'·le. rbp4eJltKVI ce or 6onKa, HeBonHO 3a61i1S8 >KIi1noTO CV1.

Orposara Haa4lpIIIK8HCIQIIA 'CKOPl11110tli (Mdroctonus australis). >Kli1Beel.l..l B A¢PViKa, e MHorO Cli1nH8 MO>Ke):1a YMbPTBIii KYYe sa H.RKOnKO ceKYHAIi1 1'1 e B CbCTO.RHV1e na y61i1e Ii1 40BeK.

>KbJ1T'OOnaWan'RT CiI!COpm.10HI. Hape4€H rasa nop8A1i1 >Kbnrn.R llBAT H8 onausara 3aBbpWBal.l..l8 C i'KII1no, e orpoees V1 e el=\IiIH OT I.l€Tlilpv1Te cpeuaun ce BIi1):1a B V1Tamm

Y Hac ce coeuar ABa BIi1Aa * Euscorpius carpathicus l!1 • E. italiCUS. T .RXHOTO y>KVIIlBaHe He e onaCHO 38 40BeKa.

Mem,py Ha~-e,Qpli1Te CKOpnli10HIi1 B Espana e Ii1bnl.leCT.,AT cK.o;pnllloH (Iurus dufourensis)

YecTO Cpell.l8H B ronnare paVioHVI Ha AMepli1Ka e a;pllli30.HCKIIIArT

I ,CKO;PIilIMOH (Hadrurus aJlzonensis) C llB.RT. CbSn8A8l.1..1 C TepeH8 Vlnl-1 nRCbKa.

JJjaY~BerHMRT cKopnllloH (Hadogenes bicolor) Ii1 l:iIeJKJflllfiT ,cIliOprn'Otil (Centruroides gracilis) ca aMepV1KaHCKIi1 BViAOBe.

B paBHItlHiIIT8 Itl nnaHIiIHIiIT8.

lQ:bftMlnHa: 3,5-5,5 CM.

InMnEPA'T'O'PCKIn CIK'O,pnLIIOIH

Pa3MHOJKaBaHe: >KIi180Pa>KJJ.8H8.

Abn*lnHa: 15-18 CM.

T 03111 e,o.bp CKopnlilOH >KIi1S8e 8 tomare It1 Bfla>KH1iI roplt1 Ha UeHrpanHa A¢pV1K2.. AKrll1B8H 8 npe3 HOI.l.jra KoraTO nOBill 6e3rpb6Ha4HIiI, fYll.I8plil V1 Ape6HII1 603aVlHIiI1l1iI. Tali! xsallla >KepTBV1T8 C lLIlilnKlilre CM, cne,o. K08TO IV! ymJ..1nsa HAKonKO nhTIt1. CDe,A rosa CKopnlilOHbT HOCIl1 noaa CIt1 B AynKaTa, pasncsa nnRLfK8Ta Ii1 R Vl3R>I<.Aa. no sp8Me H8 pa3MH0>K8BaH8TO Mh>KKv\RT ce npV16nV1>K8sa BHV1Mar8nHO KbM >KeHCK8Ta 1.1 KoraTO ce yS8plt1, 4e e pa3no3H8T K8TO napTHbop, a H8 KaTO IKepTBa, 3an04Ba yxa>K88H8TO. Cb6li1pa V1 nOBAV1ra lLIV1nKlATe Clil V1 3anOYSa na 06V1- KanR, TaHllYBaIllKV1. B Ae~CTBIt1T8DHOCT Mb>KKJ..1AT 08 crpeMV1 na AOS8A8 )t(8HCKaTa AO MFiCTOTO BbPXY 3eMATa, KbAeTO e OCTaSV1D crepsara KOFITO A onnO)KAa. TaHl.(bT npO,Qbn>K8Ba or H.AKODKO -aca AO 2 ,o.HV1. HRKODKO M8ceLjB cneA rosa >KeHCKar8 : a>KAB ManKV1Te.

rOnAM8J KHlilra3a >KIiIBOTH14

HADRUFI'.JS /.R!Z(}{v[NS1S

EUSCORPI..:$ I'LAI/iCAUDUS )KbnTOOf1AWAT (f>:JpjlI1:)H

45

6E3rPbISHA''''IHlt1- 4neHeCTOHOrL1 - lniaFlKoo6pa3HL1

lKaMWM,"IeCfMAT IIib>KeCKOpnMOH (Masllgoproctus giganleuse) e MHOro eabp - ,Qbnbr e no 7 CM. 06~raBa MeKcV1Ko V1 IOIKHV1Te 48cn<1 Ha CAU.! He3aBV1cV1Mo OT 3annawvrrenHIilR Clil BIIl,Q I III cnaaara Ha nOBel.( Ha X<a6l11 roi:1 e 6e30naceH sa 40Bel<.3.

Aibnr'Ol1eAMIi1BlIlnOSMAT lI1Iib>KeCKOpn.,OH (Prynlchus rendor- 1

mls) ce 'lPIll,QBI!lI+<Ba 6aSHO C TpVl ABO~KlI1 KPa4Ka. l!13n0n:3Sa Vl3- ,Qbrm<eHIilTe CIIl V1 60AflVlBIIl neJ:\V1nannlil KaTO KanaH. 38 na xsaua TBbp,QOKpl'lnlA Iil AbPBeHIill.(~ nhpBara My ABO~1<.3 Kpai.lKa ca ,Qbn-

f14 V1 3,QpaBIilIil cny?KaT KaTO C8TV1BeH opraa

A'bnrOKpaKiHAT ,ceHoKoce~ (Phalangrum api/io) IIlMa caso

ABe 041il He omea Mpe>Ka Mb>KKIIlAT III »<eHCKaTa CVI npVlnlillfaT. ~

lt1Ma HIilWKOBIilAHIll KPaKa III np\l1 6bP30 6RraHe 4OCTO ry61t1 HRKOVl

or mx 3a oa3nlilKa OT naAl..IlIlTe 3ary6eHIIlRT KpaK npVl Hero He 1il3- pacraa OTHOBQ.

Me>K.,Qy B~OBere ceHOKOCllL.1 e A rOnAM01l!4MnKOOMAT nb.>Ke-'CKOpnll!OH (Iscl'r;ropsalls heluwlgij cHa6,QeH C rOneMIIll.1.llllnKIil

CnibH"IeIMA' naAK (Galeodes arabs) e e,Qbp HOl.1.leH naFIK or pa3pe.o. Sol fugae iIlDIII 1 Hap. CDbH4€BiI1 naRl.(Vl Pa3npocTpaHeH e B Espana V1 A3V1A. lt1Ma CiIlnHO pa3BVlTVl xeJ1l!1l1epv1. C KOIiiTO xsa-

uta \11 pa3KbCBa TepMvrr~ rytllepV1 \.1 Ape6HIiI 6038C1HIIl1l1iI I

lt1Ma XVlnRL\\I1 BIIl,QOse Kbpne)IU"I1 C ManKlt1 pa3Meplil T e 0614TasaT BCIiI4Klo1 reorpa¢CKIii WlilpV1HIIlIil Ha,D.MOPGKll1 BIilCQi.lIllHIll AD 5500 M. Kbpne.>KiIlTe ca MHOro YCTOiil4i1lBVl napa31i1TIr1 iii 14HQleKTiIlpar pacreHiIlR iii >KV1BOTHI>1 TaKbB e iii KY4ewKlI1AT KbPfleiK

*KY'-IEWKLt1 KbPnE>K

Mecr006MT8HMe: napa3V1Tli!pa BbPXY fKI.1BOTHY!. ,.QbruKMHa: osono 15 MM.

KbpnelKvne ca pa3pe,[l >KIIIBOTH~ c oco6eH CTpOe>+< - HAMaT -epso BCV1YKlil rs MoraT na 6bAaT MHoro onaCHV1 HenplilFIT8nV1 Ha 1..J0seKa Kbpn8>+<V1- re B }:I8V1CTBIIIT8IlHOOT ca npeHOClt1r8IlIiI Ha MHOfO 6oneCTOTBOpHIt1 BiI1pyCI!1 Hac1-onaceH OT TAX e npli!41i1HIilTenAT Ha M8HlI!HrVlTa, .Kolino MOIKe na npe):lV13BV1Ka CMbpr 3aTOBa):la ce gOKocsaT VlIlV1 AO- 6flV1>KaBaT HAK014 BIIIAose KbPIl8IKV1 e MHOro onacHO, 38l11OTO yxanBaHeTO VIM MOlKe Aa npV14I11H~ cePIiI03HVl HenpVl.RTHOCTlil

Kbpnelt<l4Te ce XpaHRT C !<pbB OT rOCTOnplileMHV1Ka. «oaro CMyYaT 4pe3 POCTPYM, 06pa3YS8H OT xenlilW8plllTe III ne,Qltlnannvne. T e CMyYar KPbB 4pe3 CBl!1- BaHe iii arnYCKaH8 Ha CTOMaxa 51110nO[1;l"Ta Ha KbP ne>KVfre e MHOro eneM8HTapH8 T OK)'-UIO 1I13nlOneHIIIT8 napBV1 C8 V13Ka4BaT no CTb6naT8 Ha rpeeara iii KoraTO MV1He >KIIIBOTHOTO, re ce xsauat sa Hero Cnen peaV1ua flVlHeeHIiIA ,D.OCTV1rar Bb3paCTH8Ta ¢OPMa. KbpnelKb r ce onno>KAa BbPXY rocTOnpllleMHViKa flana Ha 38MRTa, CH8CR Rli1waTa V1 yMl'1pa, HoB0V13.1IOneHV1r8 napsill 3anOljB8T HOB14.A WIIIKbn

nb>KECKOpnIl10'HII1 Mecroo6MTaHVle: oonero.

6li16nIilOT8KlI1r8. nb:>«ecKopnliloHIilTe ca nOB8LJ8 OT 1500 BIiIAa. >KV1B~RT 8 YMepeHV1T8 III ronIlV118 pa-

110HV1 B csera 6n1il3Kli1 cane IIICTVlHCKV1Te CKopnIilOHV1, HO HAMal >KIIIIlO Ii! TRIlOTO V1M .Qb.lUIO'lHa: HAKOIlKO MlilnV1M8Tpa.

e'no-xsco. BCVl4KV1 flb>f<eCKOpm10HIiI ca Ape6HIiI. AO HRKonKO MlI1nV1M8Tpa. Te ca

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MeOToo6MITa'H'Me: noLfsara.

MpeJKa:: nOKpIt1B8. .QynK8. B nOYSaTa.

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'OTIPO.Ba: 6e30nacHa.

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III Mana A3I11R >Kt.-1Bse B paBHIIIHI-1Te KpaVi eseoa III 6naTa

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OCB8H -e ca Ha~-MHoro6po~HVlRT Ha Bl!1AOBe Knac Ha 38MRTa, HaC8KOMVlT8 npv1TetKaBaT VI .o,pyr p8- KOPA - BCltlllKV1 pa3pe.o,VI HaCeKOMl!1 ca Ha Bb3paCT 230 MHH rOAVlHVI VI CbLl18CTBysaT 140 ):lH8C T OBa e npogbn;>Kl!1Tefl HOCT, KORTO He e AocTVlrHara gopVl VI OT no-eBOfliOltlpaflVl OT TRX IKVlBOTHVI.

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rOflAMa KHVlra sa ;If(VlBQT"HVI

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pa3MepVlTe CV1, AocTV1ra~KV't AO 70 MM. 3aeAHo C roaa ce CMeHR VI L\BeTbT - or >KbnT VI Ka¢RB crasa eAH8KbB UBRT. Xpa-

InYCIIIIHHMAI CKaK8'neL4 (Schlstocerca gregaria) e YHV1lL10>KIr1Teom Ha >KV1TQTO. 3a TOBa ce roSOpVl s 5V16flVlATa VI e e,QHO or ce,qeMTe CMbpTHVI HaKa3aHVlA, KOIo1TQ 3aCRraT ErVineT. Ta~ e e,qbp CKaKBOell, ,Qbflbr 75 MM.

CpeAM3eMHOMO,PCK8,T8 CKSPMIA8 (Acrida mediterranea) e CKaKanell, lfl.1FlTO rnaBa e c $apMa Ha 1<.0- HYc V1 VlMB nenKaBI1 KpBKa. IKeHCKaTa e ,Qbnra 75 MM. MbfKKlIlRT He nee V1 nsara nona >KI1SeAT Ha Sfla>KHVl M8CTa B lO>KHa EBpana.

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Mb>KK~Te, >KeHCKYlTe He DeTAT

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B HAKOIr1 30HV1 -a A$pI.1Ka C:K8Kanq"Te MoraT na noKpVlAT rnou or 1000 K8. KM V1 ca 8 CbCTORHV18 ,[Ia norbDHaT 20 000 T xPaHa H8 ,QeH.

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YCT,eH anap!T: CMeceH AbB4elllO-CMY48CT.

---

MeTaMop~03a: nsn-o npeSpbLl\aHe

,.Q,hn)l(MH8 IHla. Bh3paCIHWR IWH.QM'BMA: AD 8 CM. Pa3MIX HI KpMnata: 8-10 CM.

UVlnOl';pVlIlVl'Te or POA P'epsis C8 roneMIt1 XVll1IHlilllV1, KOVITO 1KVlB8m B K).>KHa AMepVlKa, HO nOHAKora nersr 4aK AO MeKCItIKo. VlMaT roneMV1 p83MepV1, C pasrsopeH\II Kp.l!ln8aOCrnraT 10 CM VI MoraT A8 aTaKYBaT eAPIt1 naAL.jVl.

Koram nenCIIICb T aTaKysa J'KeplS8Ta, TOIii ce np\ll6IlVl»aaa 6aBHO, KeTO ce npV1ABVllKBa H8 KbCIt1 pa3CTOHHIt1A \II OCTaBa s 3aca,na C WVlPOKO pa3TBopeHV1 Kpv'lJla. CTpeMVI ce nplll arasa CbC cepVlfl ytKV1HsaHVlR, KOIilTO MOlKe ,£Ia TPaRT AO 50 MVlHyrl'1, ,08 napanltl31i!p8 naRKa. Cnet:1 TOBa ro 38RBnW-1a B AynKara VI TaKa OCVlryPRB8 60raT peaeps OT xpaHa aa napBltIle.

rOflHMaKHL.1ra sa >KL.1BOTHL.1

ScaLIA PROCER CKOn14

AMMOPHILA SABUI OSA AMO<IWlflA

OINOPONEPA GlGmTEA Iv!rAHTCAA MPABAA

BoMBiJS TERRESTRIS 3EMH.A. n~EflA

EUI,fENES COARCl1flA EYMEHV1M

61

M,.WTiS8Il S1YRlAC4 MAHTV1CnA HA CT!I1P!I1R

RAPH OIA NOTATA PA<illt1n4

CHRYSO~ ilULGARIS XPvi30nA

NEMOPTERA SINU4TA HEMonrEPA

PAI.fN<fS UBELLULOIDES nA.f1nAPA (Mpl<BOnbB)

ronAM8. ,KHI!1!ra. sa :lKl!1iBOTHIt1

MpasonbBV1T8 neTAT 6aBHo, oce~KV1 C8 BbB Bb3jJ,yxa. npJilnlilyaT H8 BOAI-lV1Te KOH- 4eT8, H838SV1CV1MO Y8 IIIMaT MHoro nG-.qe6enV1 BHT8HIIl. n8pBV1T8 ca onaCHIll XVlLLjHYI-

lIlil 38 MpaBKV1Te III ,Qpyrlll H8CeKOMYI, KOVlTO C8 ABl!l)t\aT no 38MAT8.

napBI.1 H8 Mp8BonbBVlTe !l!3KonaS8T B n.RCbKa ManKa t:wnK8 nOA cbopMa Ha $YHVlFl, H8 YVl8TO ,QbHO C8 3apaBRT, nOK8.3Ba~KIiI caMO 48mOCTV1Te CV1. KoraTO MpaSKa lJ1nV1 APYro HaceKOMO na,o,H8 BbB ¢YHV1~KaTa. rspeara 1Il3xBbpnR nFlCbK C noMOLLjT8 Ha roreMII1T8 CV1 Y8n!OCTV1. Tosa He nossonssa H8 >K8pTB8T8 ,Q8 C8 Vl3KaT8PV1 no CT8HiI1Te Ha ¢YHItl~K.8Ta V1 HaKp8FI T.R nonana B -enocnrre Ha napS8T8. MpasonbSb T ce cpeua B UeHTpanH8 V1 K)/KH8 Eepona BCbWHOCT ce Cp8LLj8 noLJTVI H8SCRKb,A8 B Espona. 3anOYSa~KV1 OT iO>KH8 CKaHAV1HaBVlR. Mb>KKV1T8 VlM8T B 3a,o,HaT8 sacr Ha TFlnoTO Vl3pacTbllVl, KOV1TO cny:>K8T 38 XS8l1\8H8.

XIP~30nA

VCJe.HI anapin: ,QbB48LLj,

MefaMo;p,o,sa: nbnHa. ------~------~~I

)l,b>lO'lHa: OKono 1 CM.

XpV130n8T8 nplllHa,o,n8>KVl KbM paspeA Mpe>KOKpV1nVl. TA 8 6n8p,o OUS8T8H8 C AbnrVl VI MHOro p,enVlK8THV1 KpV!na, nOKpIIITVl C MP8>K8 OT >KVlnKVl, KOViTO Hano.Qo6AB8T .Q8HTena. XpVl30nlt1T8 ca cna-

611 n8TL\1Il iii ca 8KTIIIBHItI HOLLj8M npeK8pB8T A8HFI Me>K,Qy p8CTeHIiIATa V11i13nV138T S8LJep, npV1BnVlY8HIt1 OT CBeTnIt1H8Ta. RliIL\8T8 H8 xplil30naTa ca 3eneHIII, a H8 APyr~ BV1.QOBe OT T031t1 pa3peA ca KaCPRBVl, 1o-e.QpV11t1 BV1CRT BbPXY .QbnrV1 HVlWKVI, HanpaBeHV1 OT H8ceKOMOTO It1 3an8neH~ no .QonH8T8 CTpaH8 H8 nV1CT8T8.

Xpil130nara e H8C8KOMO, KoeTO ce XpaHY1 C a¢lI1AV1, n03H8TIt1 K8TO "BbWKI1 no pacTeHV1RTa~. ETO 38LLjO xpV130nillTe ca none3HV1 38 cenCKOTO CTOnaHCTBo. nOPBAV1 ronaaoro KOnVll{eCT80 BbWKV1, KOma napBVlTe Ha XPV1301l8T8 MoraT .Qa V13RA8r, nOHRKora rV1 Haplt1- 4aT .nsaose Ha a¢V1.QV1Te". PB3KbCBaT napa3ViTa V1 V13CMYKBaT reneCHI.1T8 My TeYHOCTV1 C nOMolllT8 Ha ye.nIOCTIt1Te VI YCTH8T8 KyxlilHa ~o nbnHOTO My 1t13CYW8B8He napB8T8 H8 xpV130nam ttlM8 ce,[IeM yepHIA lOlIKL1 SbPXY m8S8Ta !tI 38TOB8 e HapVlLJ8H8 ceAeMTOYKOBa Koraro VlCKa A8 ce CKpv18, J!13n01l3B8 MHOro e¢V1KaCeH MeTO.Q. CneA K8TO e 1il3CMyKaIl8 BbrpewHocTV1T8 H8 nV1CTH8T8 BbWKa, ce nOKpvlB8 C H8~HaTa 06BV1BK8.

napBaTa Ha MpaOOIllIb!Ba nS'lllll1apSI (Pal pares /(belluloldes) - Ha~-roneMV1R MpaBonbB B EBpona, ~Bee ron nRCbf(8 C ronewre Clo1 4eniOCTV1 TO~ XBaLl\8 BCRKO HaceKOMO, KoeTO MJ!1He Kpa~ Hero, BKapBa '0 nag nRCbKa VI V13CMYKBa BbTpeWHOC1VlTe My Bb3paCTHOTO HaceKoMo neTV1 npe,QV1MHO HOLl\eM KaKTO aeV1LJ~ MpaBonbBVI o6V14a CyxVl VI nRebYH~ MeCTa.

napBIr1Te H8 MaHTHcnaT8 HS CTiHPHB (Mantlspa styriaca) pacrar KaTO napa3MTYl B nacJK)lnYeTaT8 Ha nafll . .1Ii1Te. TOBa HaceKOMO nplilnltlya H8 Ape6Ha 6oroMOnKa, HO e no-cTpoC1HO VI Kpliln8T8 My ca Mpe>+<eeH1 !<aTO npV1 xpV130naTa XpaHVI ce c MYWV14KlA V1 nem D,eHeM 111 HOLl\eM

3a j:jS ce '1pej:jnS3BaT or nouoro speMe.a:ClICElllla,. cl>vclIITe (Ascalaphus macaroni us) crsaat Kpv1n8Ta CiI1 KaTO nanaTKa BbPXY TRnoTO 1opa.QiII BbHWHIiIA VlM BV1J:l nOHRKora f1,1 B3eMaT 3a neneoYD,1II V1MaT no-nsnrill 8liTeHVl OT MpaBonbs8 111 DeTAT no-6bP30

Pa~~AaTa (Raphldl8 notala), KOATO e .Qbflra 1-2 eM, 111MB HenpOnOpUil10HanHO Abnro rsno ETO 3aLl\O "18- eeKOMV1Te OT ceMe~CTBOTO. KbM KoeTO TR npVlHagnemtI, ce HapV148T V1 HaceKOMV1-3MV1V1

HeMonrepaTal (Nemoptera slnuata) 111M3 MHOro ):lbflr\l1 38,!J,HV1 r<.p!l1na Ha KOpeMyeTO npVl Mb)'KKI!1R V1Ma ,ABe MlllpV1CHIiI >Kn83111

S,ES'rPbSHA'LJ'HVI - YneHeCfOHOrL1 - HaC9IKOML1

Ha nalVlHCKM T83111 nenepYAa 8 HapV148H8 Kallima, KoeTO Ha rpbl\KV1 03H848Ba "np8Kp8CHa". T08a !liMe e A8AeHO H8 rpyna AHeBHIII TpOm1YHV1 nen8PYAIt1, KOIIITO >KV1Bem B A31t1F1, HO MoraT ,Q8 ce cpeuuar iii B AcjJp!llKa, V1 H8 M8.QaracK8p. H8~-BV1AV1MaTa ccoteaocr e crocotnccrra 111M Aa It1MV1TV1paT T04HO cyx nV1cT, Koram ca KaLjHanV1 SbPXY CTb6no V1nV1 KJlOHKa. KoraTO CVI no41i1S8, nenepY,Q8Ta noKa3B8 ,QonHam CTpaH8 Ha Kpl/inaTa, SbPXY KO!I1TO V1Ma e,QH8 L\eHTpanH8 >KV1flK8 C P83KJlOH8HV1e, npt.1flil1LJaLlIO H8 II1CTV1HCKV1 cyx flIllCT. T831i1 MV1MIIIKPIiIFI 3al1\maSa MHOro ,Q06pe nenePYA8Ta. 583,Qa C8 TpeBO)Kll1 MHOro. TA Mom8 A8 1/13n8TV1 8 nocneAHV1F1 MOM8HT, KoraTO onaoccrra e HeV136e>KHa. KanV1Mara npeAnOyma CeH1.leCrn MeCTa C rscra paCTIiIT8nHOCT, Kb,Q8TO nOLJIIIB8 Ii1 e TpYAHO,Qa 6b):le 3a6enR38H8. He TbPC!I1 HeKTap 111 C8 xpaHIiI CbC COKOBeTe, KOIilTO cMY1.!e, K8TO npo6V1B8 Kopara H8,QbpBeTara. IbCeHIiIL\aT8 ce xpaHV1 C KOnpv1Ba. VlM8 ,QBa AbnrVll!13- paCTbK8 BbPXY rraaara a Ibp6b T ~ e nOKpIilT C P8Avll.(V1 or 60.QJlV1YKV1.

IKAnL4rO

YCTieHI an'i!l!par: cMYLJelll.

P,BSMBI HB IKp . .,nsra: 12-14 CM.

nenepYAIt1T8 or POA Cali go ca Halil-KpaC1t181i1Te B TpOnW.[H8 AMepV1K8. V1M8T KacjJABV1 KpV1Jl8, eAHOLjB8THlit no ropHara nOBbpxHOCT. DonHam noBbPXHOCT Ha Kpll1nata BV1HarV1 e KacjJFlBa, Ha TbMHIIIII1 csema neHllt1. OCHOBHII1AT 6ener npll1 Ta311! nenepYAa ca ,,04t.1~ B LjeHTbpa Ha 3aJ:lHIiITe KpV1na. V4eHII1Te ca CMFlTanlt1, 48 T83111 cjJanwlI1- BV1 OLJtII, HanOA06f1salJ.(V1 OLJV1T8 Ha 6yxan, cny>KaT Ha nenepY,Q8T8 na MV1MV1KpV1pa V1 ra nnawV1 XII1LL\HIiILlY1Te. KamtroTO HaBelKAa rnasara CII1, nOKa3B8.CfbHaTII1T8 KpV1na V1 ce BII1.>K1l8 AOflHaTa 111M nOBbpXHOCT, KOATO ,VlMitlTtllp8 rnaaara H8 XIt1LL\Hara mli1L\a. Tasa KanVirmo CII1 n04V1B8 KaTO BCVl4KII1 nen8pYAII1 C BAV1rH8m rnaaa 111 KpV1na, CfbHaTtII eAHO cpelJ.(Y APyro. CTpaHHI!ITe ,,04111" ca caao xy6aB OPH8M8HT. KoraTO neTVI se-eo iii HOlJ.(eM, KantlirOTO npvtntllLJ8 Ha npV1nen. (Ha~-Ho8V1Te V13- cneABaHVlR sa ponara Ha cj)aJlWV1BII1T8 "OLJVl" n0K83BaT, 48 nenePY,Q8ra npll! 3annaxa 38n04B8 Aa ABl'IIKtII KpVlnara CtII. V13B8AHbm npeA Hana,q8lJ.(IIIH Xtlll1\HIi1K ce noRBRBaT T83V1I104t11". T08a ro cnapa 38 MOMeHT til nenePYAaTa 111M3 Bb3MO>KHOCT na V13fl8TtII til A8 ce OTAan84V1- 6. np.)

64 1------------

Y,creH anapar: cMyyeLl\.

AbJUKIIIHSI Ha rbCeH..,qara: ,QO 8 CM. P,aSM8_X Ha IKp..,nsTa: 8--9 CM,

3HtMUHe fIU4, lIS.:

Pa3peA nenepytRIi11 (Lepidoptera) e 8AV1H OT HaM-MHoro6pOIi1HV1- T8 VI Bl<JllOYBa oscno 165 000 BVI):1a pa3nV1YHO 0L1Ser8HII1 aacesoMVI. !t1MeTO Lepidoptera o3H8yasa "nOKP!;1TVI c mocnV! KPVI:Jla·. ManKWTe flIOCnVlYKV! ce OT):1enAr MHOro neCHO, aKO ce AOKOCHaT KPlI1nara

YCTHVlFlT anapar e C ¢opMa Ha xo6oTLJe II1nll1 cnVlpanHa Tpb61111.1-

Ka Koram nenepYAaTa n041i1Sa, TPb6V14KaTa, 06pa3YBaH8 or Aee I

poroBVlAHV1 Yacm, ce HaSl1S8 Ha cnl1pana nOA mnoTO MO OTKPVl8 xpaHa - HeKTap B L1SeTOSere, nenePYAara Vl3npasFi X06OT-ero Ype3 MyCKYfll-l VI HanRraHe H8 KpbBTa

nenepygar8 IIwweM (CatocaJa nupta) e HOUjHa nenepyg8 (3agHWT8 ~ Kpl1na ca FlPKO ollBeTeH!I1 V) rosa e Ha'-lVlH sa 38Ll1V11a. np!l1 AOnl1p Kplilnarn ce pa3TS8PRT, flpKVlTe LlB8TOBe 06bPKB8T XVlll.!HVlKa 101 nenepY,Q8Ta MO>K8 ,Qa ce OTAanei.lVl VI cKpVle - 6. np.)

nenepYAlI1Te cuuo Ml1rpl1p8T. 3H8M8HVlTaTa MbprseWKH rnasa (J!cherontia atropos) e nonY'·lVIna VlM8TO CVl OT p!l1CYHbKa Ha rbp6a, H8n0):106RsaUj YOBeWKI-l -eoen >i<YtBee B A¢p!l1Ka, HO MiI1rpVlpa npea nponerra S Espona. HeVlHII1T8 3a):lHVI Kpvma ca >+<bHn1 c '-IepHVI VlBVlUVI

Karam rbCeHIiIL1aTa Ha Cerura 'venulata' ce Apa3HVI, TR .Qpbnsa rnaaara CVI VI nOKa3Ba OT 3a,QHara CVI -acr ABe AbJlrIil "onaWKl-1", no):106HIiI H8 K'y'KVI.

nenepYAVlT8 nOCTaBAT naWK)'n'-leT8Ta CVI Ha H8 cyxo MRCro iii taKa Moral A8 113,Qbp>+<aT roAVlHVI. Tosa ce ):1blllKlI1 Ha KOnplilHeHWTe

HVlWKVI, OT KOil1TO ca HanpaBeHt4 T e ca MHOfO Vl3APb>KflIilBV1 VI I

3ana3B8T R~l.IaTa c rOAliIHVI.

rOllflMa KHVlra sa )KIiIBOTHH

ivTOMERIS JO nEnEPV

KALWM4 NlICIiUS nEnEP;'L\A. CYX nacr (c Pa3T80peHIi1 Kp!I1na)

/woPf-fYLLA MAGN FICA nPEKPACHA N-lOdllt1nA

ACHERONn4 ATROPOS MbPTBEWi<A rrlAS"

CERURA VlNULA UEP;'PA

i5E.3rPbSHALilIHIVI: - YneHeCIOHOrVl - HaCeKOMVI

ZYGiJENA RUPENDUUE 3111 EHA

EPHES"M KUEHN'ElLA DPAWHECTA nEnEPr)lA

A8RA.>:

GI'Il:lSSULARlATA nEIlOMEPKA no (]l!>£HCKOTO rP030E

BVlll C MbxeCT8 nOKpIi1BKa VI pa3AeneHVI Ha rer '-InSH4em BbpXOBe Ha Kp~naT8 T R e MHOro nesa ~ BRTbpb T A OTH8CA H8Mne48.

Karam 3MreHaTa (Zygaena fllipendu/ae) KaL1He, crpYS8 HVI ce, -e e n04TVI 6e34YBCTBeHa ~ e necHO Aa 6b,qe XB8H8Ta. Iorasa 06a48 TA v13nycKa :>KbnTa OTPOBH8 TN -ocr. npeAV13BVlKBa a nOBpb!l.l8He

HOLQ.tul!rre· nenepY.tI.l-1, KbM KOI/ITO ce OTH8CR aB'Orpa~1J' (plusra gamma), 06101- TaBaT BCV1 .... KV1 30HV! C jMepeH Kn~MaT Ha

ARGEM4 MITTRB APrEMA

PWSIAGAMWI ABrorPA(p

raillR (Arelia gala) npli1nVl4a no ApKVlTe CVl l.\B8TOS8 !ia Otq)8CKaT8 Ha Tlt1rbpa T OBa e npeAynpe,[lVlTenHa Otq)8CKa 38 ffili1l.jIi1Te - ,qa He A 3aKaY8J, 3aLUOJO VlM8 orpOBHli1 Beuiecrsa

3a,qHVlT8 Kplilna HaapreM8ITS (Argema mittreij VlMaT ABe AbnrVl onau.;KVI, KOVITO npli1 Mb>I<.KVIA ,QocrnraT 20 CM. >KeHCKaT8, ,qOKaTO e rbCeHVlL(8., Harpynsa xpaHli1TenHVI B8-

!l.IeCTSa, 3aUlOTO KaTO nenepy,q8 fA Htf1- TO RAe, HVITO nVle.

E.QpaT8 M'S.tI.8.rSCKSpCKS nenepy . .tIa ypSHMRI (Chrysiridl8 madaseariensls) e e,QHa OT H8Vi-6oraro ox.paceHV1Te nenepyAlii. TA e MHorO Ll8HeH o6eKT 38 KonSKL\V10- Hepvrre, 3a!l.lOTO uaerceere ~. AOPVl Vl3nG:>KeHV1 Ha npeKVI cnbH4esV1 Pb4l-1, ce seraaBaT Abnrlll roAVlHVI.

Dpe6H8Ta Ine·TonpbCTHS nenepYAa (Aluclta pentadactyl a) e eBpo-cVl6V1PCKVI

ronRMa KHIVlra3a )KIVIBOTHVI

JCVNS PROMETHEUS nPOMETEEBA nEnEPVJJA

MORPHO DIDlJS MOP<DO

AGtAlS URTICiJE KonPV1BOBA nBlEPI'JJA

PAPlLlO NVDRCiCLfS nAillAnl40

PAP/UD UUSSfS YIMC080 rwllAnl40 I

ERIHCEA DEHlWI EPlMO.A

3eMATa. T e ca Ha\4-MHorOLJ~CneHaT8 rpyna nenePYA14.

napSIi1Te Ha TartNx 'v;r;diana ca Bpe):1HV1 38. 40881(2, 3alljOTO npVl MaCOBO pa3MHOw.asaHe Vl3R>KAaT BCVl4KV1 nacra Ha Ab6a.

Celer;otineata npli1H8AnelKVI KbM ceMe~crBO Sfmgidae, KoeTO )KVlBee B tporlVlL\\I1Te, VI AOCTl!1rar 20 CM C pa3TBop8HVI KpVlna.

ne,AOMepK8.i8 Ino 'Ij)peHcKoi'O IrposAe (Abrax grossulanala) e T\I1n\.-1\.f8H rpeacta-

saren Ha c8Mei.1cTBo Geometridae, LJV1l4TO napBV! ce ):1BIII)KaT Ha K,Oa4KV1. Y Hac ce HapV14aT ne):10M8pK(.1

npOM8HAll\V1T8 ce L(BeTOBe Ha i~p~AaTa (Apatura ins) C8 AbroKaT Ha C8ernVlHeH eeesr, npe,OI>'\3BiI1KaH OT npVl3Marll1LJHara cpopMa Ha mocnViTe T e Orp83ABaT cnbH- 4eBI.o1T8 nb4111 OT MOPCKO CIl1HbO 8bB BVioneTOSO cncoea bnbna, nOA KOi.1TO ce Ha6moAaBa nenepYAar8.

KOnp.,soB8ra nene,py.q8 (Ag/ais urti·

cae) ce cpeua 48CTO B ViTanIl1AV1 Y Hac. HAM8 rspeara LJaCT OT npeAHIiIT8 KpalJKa. KbA8TO C8 H8MII1pa C8T111B8H BKYCOB opraH.

B rponil1YHVlTe ropll1 Ha AM830HKa ce cpeuar npeACraBII1Ten14 -a ceMe(:1cTBo Mortidae. Te ca V13BeCTHIo'1 C soacoraa CVI- Ha· npVlMep .Mo.rpho ,didius

I bC8HVlL\ara H8 JolBns prometheus 06- pa3YBa T8I.1HOCT, C KO.RTO ce xpaHAT H.RKOIl1 MpaBKII1.

5E.3rp'b5HALlHM - YneHeCTOHOrl'1- HaCeKOM:L111

npO.R,'b.n)l(JVllTe,nHOCT Ha lIKVIBOTS HS iBb3pacfHVlTe: 3-5 AHVl.

06VlKHOB8HVlRT KOM8P e MHOro ,L:10C8AHO CbLUeCTBO III ce cpeua H8BCFlKblJ,8 CMyY8 KpbB OT nTlIIL\V1T8 Vl40S8Ka KOP8M48TO e OTHOCVlTenHO Wl'1POKO B KpaR CIt1 It1 e nOKplt1TO C nlocnVl. IKeHCKBTa lIIMa nO-KbCIIl aHT8HlII B cpasH8HlII8 C Mb.>KKIi1R, KO~TO C8 xpaHIil C H8KTap. Tali! VlM8 WVlPOKIt1 peCH!II48CTItl aHT8HIt1, KOV1TO My cnymaT A8 ynasR 6PbM48H8TO H8 >K8HCKiIlT8 V13SYUV1T8, 1t13A8S8HiIl OT APYrlll Mb>KKlII.

Vi Mb)KKJ.1T8, V1 >K8HCKIi1T8 iIlMaI Abnro X060T'i8, C KoeTO CMyY8r xpaHaT8 06i1lKHOS8HlIIRT KOMaP CH8CR RIi1L\aT8 CVI SbB BCIII4KIiI BIIlAOB8 38CTORna BOAa. 38 Aa AII1W8T, 1l8PBV1T8 CTOm B8PTlllKallHO no,L:1 nOBbpXHocna H8 SO):l8Ta !II nOKB3sar H8.A HeR 38,QH8Ta -acr Ha TRIlDTO Cill. KbA8TO C8 H8MlIIpaT IJ,1IIX8T8IlHIIIT8 IilM OpraHlt1. Jaosara ce xpaHVl C paCT8HVlR VI )t<].1BOTHVl, a KBKBBIi1A8ra, H8- 38SVlCV1MO Y8 8 8KTItlBH8, He RAe HViLUO. MbtMJilT8 H8 MHOro Blt1- AOBe ,JIla,D,ysar" np83l..\81lVlR ClI! KPaTbK )t<].1BOr, KaTO lt13n0n3B8T p83epSVlTe. KOIllTO ca HaTpynaHIiI rpea napBHIt1R neplllOJ4 >KeHCKIi1T8 )t<].1S8RT MHOro no-nrro or Mb:>KKli1Te.

68 --------------------------------------~

YeleH anapaT,: CM':{48ll..(.

MefIMoP«i»o3a: nbllHa.

Pa3Max Ha 'KpVlnaTa: nplll HRKOIt1 nO-8Aplil It1HAliIBIt1AIII AD 10 eM.

r paAV1HCKIIIAT KOMap e 8):1HO or H8V1-pa3npOCTpaH8HIt1T8 S caera ABYKPlt1m'l. AKTIt1B8H 8 reea HOll..(Ta VI nplilnVlya H8 eAbp 061i1KHOBeH KOMap, He3aBVlCVlMO '-Ie HAMa xanetl( YCTeH arapar. He npV14V1HAsa np061leMItI K8.TO o6V1KHoseHV1R KOMap.

r PaAltlHCKIt1AT KOMap e o6V1TaTeIl Ha nonara T 0111 1l8TV1 nocra 6aBHo Vl >KIiIBOTb T Mye MHOro KpaTbK. KaU8 no TP8S8T8 iii lleTV1 Ht.1CKO HaA HeR Bb3paCTsoro H8ceKOMO ce xpaHIiI C H8Krap V1 ):lpyrlil pacTIilT8IlHVI COKOS8. JleTelKb T 8 TelKbK iii Tpy,qeH. Jlapaara e Abllra Vl rbBK8Ba. TR e M oro onac a, seuoro ce xpaHVI c KOpeHIilTe Ha 38neH'-IYUVlT8, no-cneL\V1anHO c MOpKOBV1Te. Vi3,qbP>K8. H8 necraUV1AIi! VI e np061l8M aa cenCKOTO croraaorao Karam >KeHCKaTa CHece .F!Ii1L\a B H806pa6OTSaeMI1 3eMV1, nspsare ce xpaHAT C KopeHVl Ha >KIt1THIii TpeSIi1.

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CeAVI BbPXY AOJlHaTa CIt1 -acr, Kb,o,eTo ce HaMlt1pa Ii1 YCTHVI.AT OTBOp. AHanHV1AT OTBOP ce otaapa Ha o6paTHara crpaaa orrope s Lj8HTbpa Ha ceeoara AepMOCKeneTb T ce CbCTOV1, KaTO npVl BC1ll4K1i1 rapare:>KY1, OT 1 0 ,o,SO~KIII neHTVI or K8Ill(Vl8SVI nJl04KV1. T e 06pa- 3YS8T TBbPAlIIR CKeneT. HAKOI4 OT Jl8HTIilT8 OT K8JlLj1llesVi nnOLJKIi1Ii1Mar nbnKV1, aa KOIllTO ce XB8lL18T VlrIlli1Te, Ii1 noManKli1, BbPXY KOVlTO ce 38KpenBaT Kpa4K8T8. T08a ca M8i1KIt1 no,o,BVI>KHlt1lL1V1nKII1, KOIt1TO ttlrpBflT 38UlVlTHa pona OT TRJlOTO 143Jlli138T ner ABO~KIt1 neHTIi1 C nO,D,BIt1>KH1II KP84K8, KOVITO CJly>K8T 38 npVlABWKB8H8. BceA,QHO >l<1t1- BOTHO e.

MOPCKAKPACTA8~UA

'2u.I:·n.Mllln JI.I.6 hA, ,_ ",~'''''''I 1.,.-".,.", r:M:i'.~

11

Rhizoc.r.fnus IO.forensis e MOPCK8 nVlnlilA C MHOro ,qenll1K8THO CTb600 - ,Qboro osono 7 CM, VI C KbCYI Kb,qPVlLlltl, oUBeTeH1II CliIBO 111I11l1 )KbnTO. Ta3111 nll1nli\R ce cpeua B 1O>KHY1A AToaHTVlK Ha Abn- 604V1Ha 140-4800 M Cenocrfnus asteria' csuo e MOPCK8 nVlnl1R, KORTO i'KIIIBee B aanansara -acr -a V1HAVI~CKlilA OKeaH Ha Abn604Y1H8 200-600 M IKbnTO-KaCPFlB8 8 H8 lIBAT, C 4aWK8 C ,Q1I18MeTbp 1 ,7 CM iii paMeHa, ,QbnrVl 1 a CM

CpeA'~3e,MHOMo,pCK~ATaHITeA,OHI (fl.ntedon mediteranea) ce cpeua 4ecTO B Cpe,QV13eMHO MOpe IKII1Bee TaM Me*AY SO,QOpacnV1Te e Abn6V1HV1T8, npll1Kpenel-' aa CKaIllilTe iii KopanOBOTO AbHO .0.0 220 M Abn604V1Ha

MopcK""e KpaclsBMq,It1 B espone.:1cKV1Te Mopera V1MaT cseT- nOK8¢AS, ClilB \11 >KbnTeHV1KaB lISAT, AOKaTO BIilAoseTe npV1 «opanosl-1re 6aPlileplii ca APKO OL(seTeHVI npe,QHara 4aCT Ha TAnoTO Ha .PeJa,goth.urla ludwig; e 38.061t1KOneH8 OT MeM6paHa, noAo6H8 Ha 4a,QbP, KO~TO ce CbCTOIil OT 13-16 nV1nana. Toea ~ n03BOllRBa ,Q8 nnysa KaTO Me):ly38

.RhopalodftJs' lageniformis e 383111,QaHa s nRCbK8 c AOJlHaT8 4aCT Ha TAnoTO Clil ["" opaara 48CT 1i13nV138 Ha,Q nACbKa, 38 Aa BCM}fKBa BO,Qa

MopCK"I:re' TSpSneJiK'M ce xpaHw C TPynoee Ha pV16V1 V1 ,qpyrV1 }KIilBOTHV1, BO,QopaCllVl VI J:1bpBeCV1H8 n0K838HI4 ca npeJ:jCT8svrreJlIt1 ua Tpl-1 BVlAa fucidar,is trib.uloides, Kmno 06vnaBa Kao\l16-

I CKO MOpe 1/1 6peroseTe -a 3ana,QH!I1A AmaHTVlK, .Echinus .meto', I pa3npocrp8HeH B ArnaHTI44eCKV1A OKeaH V1 Cpe,QV138MHO Mope, VI Echinarachnius p.arma, cpeusui ce KPa(1 cpIl1JlV1nV1HCKII1Te 6peroee Ha Cesepra AMepVlK8.

(b0pMa: npo,QbflrosaT8

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.1l.nlK~Ha: 20-35 eM

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Ir'IPED,EHECTA 3IBE3.QA

jQlVlBMenp: 10-28 eM.

C1I>0pMa: paMeHaTa (flb4ViTe) He ca OTA8fl8HVi T a3V1 MOPCKa 3S83Aa npV1HBAn811<1t1 KbM CeM8~CTBO Astropettinidae. T yK ca

BKfllOyeHVI MHOro BVlAOS8, xapaKTepHItl C WIt1POKItI, pa3nOnOIK8HIt1 Ha pb6a Ha OT L\8HTpanHIt1A QI<!CK, nfl04KltITe no KPaR

nbLJa nnOLJKli1 VI V1rnVl, nOKpv1n1 C rpaHynV1.lpe6eHeCTam 3S83Aa I.1Ma 5 flb4a, ca KaTO W8B!I1l1lt1l.1li1rfill1.

KOli1TO 38.BbpWBaT B Kpalil1l18Ta C IiIrnV1. Ta3V1 KpaCv1Ba MOPCKa 3S83j:j8 C -ep- MeCTOQ6m'BHVle: nRCbLJHVI AbHa Ha 1-20 M

B8HO-nOpTOKaJlOB USAT LJ8CTO C8 cpeua no nn8)KOB8Te or CpeAl138MHO MQ- Abfl604lt1Ha.

pe AO AmaHTV1Ka. KoraTO IKV1S8e 6fllt130 AD 6p8ra, I-1Ma DC06eHO noS8A8HIiI8 -

npll1 OTfllil8 C8 aapasa 8 nACbKa, nOKa38a~KV1 caao rco-ara Y8eT Ha L\8HTbpa CVI, KO~TO e Ha6b6Han VI II1Ma ¢opMara Ha KOHYC. AKO C8 nv1nHe, KOHYCbT ce CBI-1Sa It1 IKIt1BOTHOTO HaBnVl3a Ollj8 no-Abn60KO B nRCbKa. Qt"18BVlAHO KOHYCbT e yY8CTBI-1T8fl8H opras iii Ae~CT8I<!TeflHO 8 rasa 3aL4OTO npVl nplilfllt1B 3S83AaTa Vl3fllt138 OT nRCbKa I<! ce HOCI<! SbB BOA8m. Cnoco6Hocna Aa ce KpYle B nRCbKa nD380flA88 Ha IKIt1BOTHOTO Aa ce np8Ana3V1 OT TOnnv1Te CflbHY8SIt1 flbLJVI, oco6eHO t:lOflHaTa -acr Ha TRflOTO, KORTQ HRMa nlilrM8HTVI VI e MHOro YYSCTBIiITeflHa. ["" pe6eHeCTaT8 3Be3Aa e XVlll1HIt1K V1 ce XpaHIt1 1il3KfllOYViT8flHO C M8KOT8flVl - XS8llj8 rill c mYVlT8 VI cnea rosa 8KaPSa 8bTP8WHocTVlTe VIM B yctara CVI. T.A nccraaa rKepTBVlTe B ycrara Gill 6naroAapeHVle Ha WVlPOKI!1Te It!

nOAB!tIlKHVI VlrnV1, KOV1TO ce H8MI.1P8T osono YCTH8ra KYXV1Ha.

HE>KHA O<J)MYIPA

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cJ)OPMS: paMeH8 (JlbLJItl), OTAeneHI-1 OT 1I8HTpanHVlR AViCK 1-1 nOKPViTVI C 60AllVI.

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3~ ""', Ize: I'

linckia' laev,gata e CVlHR MOPCKa 3Be3}:1a VI m-IBee B MOperara Kpa~ ABcTpanVlFl. 3a6ene>Kl-1TenHa e He~HaTa cnoco6- HOCT sa pereHepaL.\VlA. Or e}:lHO paMO TR MO>Ke Aa Bb3CTaHOBIII4RnoTO mno. B xOAa H8 T0311 npOL.\ec TflVlMa T.HBp. ¢oPMa KOMela c eAHO ):lbnro paMO V1 'ieH-1pVl KbCV1.

B cpasHeHllle C APyr!l!Te MOPCKVI 3B83Alil Irpe6eHecral,a. 30e3Aa (/lstropecten aurantiacus) ce npH.QBVVKB8 6bp30 .. B CbCTORHVl8 e A8 ce npeMecTV1 30--60 CM sa M!I!H'y1a.

A.can.thaster planel e Cl!1nHO OTpoBHa MOPCKa 3Be3A8. Cbc CBOII!Te 11-21 KbCII! paMeHa VI C AbnrlllTe CVI 6op,nVl e B CbCTOFlHVle Aa 3annawVI II! pa3PYWV1 KOpanOBl4Te CKaJlV1

LilepBeHSi.8 M:o:pCKa 3BeSA8 (Crossaster papposus) .>KVIBee B IO>KHam -acr H8 ATJl8HrW"leCKV1F1 OKeaH. V1Ma 8-14 KbC!I1 paMeHa .101 WII!pOK AV1CK C AV1aM8Tbp 34 CM

.Fro.mla ghardaqana' .~ yepBeHa Ha lIBRT, 1I!3nbCTpeH8 C 6em<1 TOllK!l1 VI ce cpeua B 4epBeHO Mope.

/KeHCKaTa AmphllyclJS androphQl'lus e C roneMIII paaaepll!, a MblKKlItAT e MHoro ,Qpe6eH VI OCTaBa aareneuaa HeR roes l.\eflll!fI CiI1 >KIIIBOT.

Ophiodel'ma longicanda ce coeua B Cpe):lVl3eMHO Mope VI AmaHTV1yeCKVlfI OKeaH. Oph'iura albida' );(II!Bee B CpeJJYt- 3eMHo Mope, AmaHT144eCKVlFI OKeaH VI 3anagH8r8 LJaCT Ha banTl!l!l1CKO Mope.

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AclJ,IiIAIiIIUa (eope) e npe,qCT8BIiITen Ha nOA]li1n OnaWI-4QXOPAOBIII (TYH1IIKOB1-1). TA e MHOro nplllMl'ITliIBHO }i(lItBOTHO iii 1-1Ma cjxJPM8 Ha Top61114Ka. 06ne4eHa CbC COnlllAHa ryHlllKa OT }i(lItB8 TbKaH.IIIMa eA1-1H YCTeH ~¢OH, npes KOVrrO snasa BOJ:1a (aT HeA aClJ,IIIA1-1AT6 83eMa KlIIcnopo,q, Heo6xoAIiIM 38 A!4W8H9TO.

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VCTBla s nOA06H8 He ¢YHIiIA. nOKPII1Ta C MHOro 3b61il. pa3nOn0>K8HIiI He KOHlleHTpll1"lHIiI KPbroS9. a B cpenara e e31i1KbT

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ronAMa KHWra sa >KWBOTHW

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oprann. KOV1TO ce nOBTapRT B ranoro. Ha KopeMHara crpaaa ompe,q ce OTBapR YCTa, 60rara Ha peCHIt1, KOVlTO npewe>Kf:laT soaata V1 38,Abp>KaT xpaHara, KPbBoHocHara CV1CTeMa ce CbCTOVl OT MycKYnHVl npa3HVlHVl, KOVlTO ce CBVlBaT ttl pa3nycKaT ttl rara Vl3macKBaT KPbBT8. nonoseTe ca pa3AeneHVl Vl onno.>K):1aHeTO crasa BbB BO,QaTa,

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naTIilM8plr1RT8 (Latimeria chalumnae UlllOCmp8t.1UAmB gOllY) e OTKPilU8 roes lbpsara nonOBiI1H8 Ha X BeK CMRT81l0 ce e. 'l8 TR e 1il3Y8JHsna np8AIo1 70 MnH r AH8C e 8A1i\H )j<;Ir1B ocean. ToeCT e,QHO OT MaJl><OTO 3ana31ilnVl ce Io1BOTH!I1 OT eAHa rpyna. WI.1POKO pa3npOCTpaH8H8 npss MVlHsnvne eplll Ir1 ocrasana CbC CblLlOTO npli1MVlTIr1BHO YCTPOIi!CTBO, naTI.1MepLIIAT8

IilM8 nn8B8TeneH Mexyp. nbneH C M83HIi1H8. Ii1 roli! He L43nbnHAB8 HLo'!KaKB8 Xl1IlPOCTaTLIIYH8 pons rpbllHVll8 nepKVI KaTO -e nL<l

ca npliiroll8HIIIIla KP8'm' no IlbHOTO iii Ir1M8T 81lW-l nccnecr 113paCTbK. KOIilTO aaaspuea C 32 nbya

OSmA XAP,A'KTEPLilCTli'IKA,

PItl6vl1e V1MaT BpeT8HOBVJ.qHO VI nJ10CKO TAnO B noB8Y8TO CflY4aV1 TRnoTO e nOKPV1TO C JllOcnV1 lI1 e cHa6aeHO C rpb6HV1, KOpeMHV1, rpb,Q.HVl, aHanHVl V1 onaWHV1 nepKV1. UV1WaT c nOMOlllTa Ha XpV1ne. MHOrO BV1,QOS8 6J1aro,Q.ap8HII18 Ha nnaSaT8J1HVlR CVI M8xyp MOraT .o,a 06V1TaBaT 6e3 yC\lIllV1R Onp8p,8neH8 t:\bJ160-1V1H8

XP.AIHEIHE

PVl6!J1T8 ca paCTV1T8J1HOFl,QHVI VI XV1l1\HVlL\V1 V1 CP8j:\, ej:\HVlTe, iii COeA ,QpyrV1Te II1Ma BIilt:\OB8, xpa 8ll1V1 ce C OpraHiIl3MVI, KOVITO iIlM8T roJ18MVI rena, 6J1aroAapeHV18 H8 nOSe48 VlJ1i1l nO-ManKO pa3SV1Ta 3b6Ha CV1CTeMa . .Qpyrltl BItl,[10B8 06a4e ce xpaHRT iIl3KJl104l11TenHO C MV1KpOOpraHl!I3MlJ1 (8J1V13aT S CbCTaSa Ha nnaHKTOHa) , KOItlTO cpillnrpysaT OT sonata CbC Cn8Ljli18J1HIi1 anapaTItl.

5o:i1HaTa pY16Ka (Betta sp/endens -

CHUMlfama ecce. BgACHO) np0l>13XO>Kjl,a OT T a:i1nsH,Q B peaynrat H8 ceneKllIllA ca Cb31la.o8HLI1 MHoro pa3nlilYHl1 peel'! OT l83111 KpacliIBa 8KBaplo1YMH8 plr16Ka

T fI )j<;Ir1Bee f.l.S QBOVlKIr1 11 38ll.11'\TSSa TSPIr1TOplr1RTa CIr1 OT JJ,pyr'A Mb>KKi/I, 3a paJnl!1Ka or nOOe'l8TO plo161'1 60VlH8T8 p1r16K8 OTrnS;N<JJ,8 ManKJ·ne CI!1 saen-o C !'K9HCK8T8, KORTO CH8CA X8L1lsepa B rH831l0 OT Bb3.QyWHVI Mexypl!1 Te ca nOKpIilTY1 CbC CnlOHKa l>1 nnvear BbPXY aonara

EBOntm.4I1lR, IPA3npOCTPAHEHIIlE LIIIMECT'OOSJ.lITAHItIE T OBa ca nbpBItlTe rpb6Ha'-lHIt1, KOtllTO ca HaC8J1V1J1V1 3eMfHa npeAIil OKano 400 MnH r .>KV1B8RT B Cnat:lKI!1 V1 COJl8HIt1 BOj:lill no l.\enVlA CSAT ill AocmraT ,Qbn604V1Ha OKano 9000 M Onlt1CaHVI ca OKono 27 000 BV1j:la, or KOillTO KbM 5000 .>KIt1BeRT B CJla,Q.KIiI SO,Q.1tl HRKOV1 or TFIX ca B CbCTO,RHiIle ,[Ia MlIlrpl>tpaT OT Mopero B P8KItlT8 ill o6paTHo

XpMne,nepKM

ill rpb6HaLleH cTbn6

Knac PV16V1 (Pisces} SKflfOYSa XpYll4f:mHV1111 KOCTHVI pVl6V1. KbM xpylqAnH~Te p~6~ ce OTHaCFlT 8K}1nOnOA06H111 re, CKaTOSIIIT8 V1 xV1M8pOno,D,06HVlT8. AKynonoJJ,06HV1Te IIIMaT VlJJ,8anHa XVlP.POJ],V1H8MVI'-IHa ¢opMa III KO.>Ka, nOKpVlTa CbC 3b648Ta. T8 06a'-le HAMaT InnaBaTeneH Mex.yp V1 sa ,o,a He nOTbHaT, rpaosa ,o,a nnysar nOCTOAHHO. CKaTOSVlTe IIlMaT cmecuaro V1 WVlPOKO rsno nopaAVl pa3paCTsaH8TO Ha rpbAHVlTe nepKVl, CBbp3aHV1 3Apaao C rbPAV1- Te. npV1 HRKOIll onaunsara e 3aOCT-

peHa VI II1Ma CV1nHO OTPOS8H WV1n, HFlKOV1 CKaTOS8 V13nYCKaT CIt1nHIIl 8n8KTpW-JHVI 3apR,qVI. XVlM8- pono,q06HV1T8, KOV1TO .>KV1SeFlT S Abn60YV1HV1T8, VlMaT cpe,qHV1 P83M8pl!! V1 ca 68306V1,qHV1 >KV1BOTHV1, a H8 onaCHV1, KaKTO rV1 CMFlT8T, Te np8SRT Bpb3Ka Me.>KP.Y xpYlJ_(FlnHV1Te V1 KOCTH!IlTe pV16V1, XV1MeplllTe ca

Fonsaa KHl>1ra sa )KVlBOTHVI

MHOro ,qpeBHVl /K!IlSOTHV1 - CMFlTaT ce 38 IIICTV1HCK!Il .>KV1BVI ¢OClI1mt1, KOCTH~Te p~6~ V1M8T KOCTeH c-ener V1 BKflf04BaT BCVl'-lKV1 n03HaTV1 PVl6V1 (6e3 orvca-are no-rope), KOV1TO V1M8T p83nV14HV1 cPOPMV1 V1 u,BeTOBe. KOCTHV1Te pV16V1 ca paanen-o nonoan V1 '-IecTO Mb.>KKIilTe V1 .>KeHCKV1Te C8 MHoro pa3nV14HV1. XaC1BepbT (AC1u,8Ta) MO/Ke Aa nnyaa CBo6oAHO B MopeTO V1 CbJJ,bP/K8 KanKa Ma3H~Ha, KaKTO e nplll TyHeu,a. Te MO.>Ke na ce -ocnr OT T84eHV1ma Ha Mam~a .obn60YV1Ha OT rcespo-ccrra 388,qHO C nn8HKTOHa. RC1u,ara MO.>K8 ,qa C8 nO-Te.>KKill OT BOA8Ta VI nanar Ha ,qbHOTO KaTO npV1 KpaC16p8.>KHVlT8 V1 cnansoBO,qHV1T8 pVl611l. kcraro OnnO>K,Q8H8- TO e BbHWHO, Mb>KKV1RT aannaa CbC

cnepva AC1W8T8. AKa OnnO>K,Q8H8TO

CKaT

8 BbTP8WHO, Mb/KKV1FIT onno-na >K8HCKaTa C noMOl.L(Ta Ha oco6eH opra-, H8peY8H r,OH.onOA. 5pOFIT H8 xaC1BepHV1T8 3bpH8 (FlC1u,aT8) MO.>K8 ,qa nocrwue MV1nV10HII1, RtltwaT8 V1 napBV1T8 o6aye ca neCHa nnR4Ka sa ,qpyrV1Te .>KVlBOTHV1 III ManKO OT TAX crurar .00 Bb3paCTHO /KV1SOTHO.

nm

KIlAC

PA3PEA

BlI1.Q

nO.QTVln

XOP,qOBVI

YepenHl'1 (rpb6Ha'-lHIo1)

AKynono,Qo6HII1

AKyna

naTIo1Mepono,Qo6HVI

Cengonogo6HL.-1

3MIo10pKonOA06HL.1

WapaHonOA06HL.-1

3apraHonOAo6HIiI

3apraH

TpeOKonOg06HVI

V1 rn 0 nO,Qo6HII1

3MVlenO,Qo6HVI

MOPCKIiI ,QRBonlil

6Rnam aKyna, illnl.o1 Ky4eWKaTa aKYI18, npV1H8gne>K1.o1 KbM renAMa rpyna xpYL1\RnHI.o1 pIt16V1, CpeLLla ce S OTKPV1TO Mope, Ha noBbpxHocna VI Ha Abn6oYV1H8 AO 1000 M, HO cuuo V1 KPalil 6peros8T8, 06V1Tas8 SCV14KV1 MopeTa, HO e pR,QKa B Cpe,QIt!S8MHO Mope It1 TpOmU-1I.o1T8, 8 CI.o111ilmWl, B pa~oKa Ha Ma3apa nen Ban-

no BeRKa ro,QV1Ha C8 XBalL\8T no ,QBa V1H,QIt1BV1,Qa. !I1Ma 8,APO V1 MaCV18HO TAnD CbC CV18 It1nlt1 KacpRB llBFlT It1 6An KOP8M, Pa3- n03HaS8 ce no noca. Kolilro e c ocrpa KOHYCOSIt1,QH8 CPOPM8, nonynYHH8ra onausa til YtK8.CRB8llj8ra ycra C V13nbKHanVl 48mOCTltI C TpttlbrbnHI.o1 3b6V1. Te ca Hape,Q8HVl B nOBe48 OT 8,QV1H pet:1. pe>KelllV1 ca KaTO 6pbcHa4, C ,Qbn>KV1H8 AO 8 CM npV1 nO-8APV1T8 VlH,QIt1BV1AI.tI· n8CHO e Aa Ctli np8AcraBV1M n8KOT8Ta, C KORTO TOBa MOPCKO Cbllj8CTBO MO>K8 na pa3Kbc8 xepr-

sata CV1. XpaH!I1 ce c Ape6HVI MOPCKV1 >t<1t180THVI, a npVl cnYLJalil1A C nO-8APItI, KaTO AencpVlHVlV1 ,o,pyrV1 8 Kyn VI , B cTOMaxa Ha xsaH8rVl I.o1HAI.o1BI.o1,o,V1 ca H8MV1paHI.o1 MHoro HeLLl8, ,0,0- PV1 Vl M8ranHVl K'y'TVlVl. Cj)opMar8 H8 TAnOTo npeAnonara, ye 6Rnara 8Kyna MOIKe A8 nnys8 MHoro 6bP30, He3aBV1CV1MO lf8 B cnY48v, H8 npecne,o,B8H8 He ro nOK83S8, KonKOTo!ll,Qa e YYAHO, 6(11-

IcRnA A KV/IA.

Ha~-eAP8T8: aKYI1a cpej:l BCI.14~ pl.161.1 e 1<"."O&a.I,1 altYlIs, (Rhinchodon Iypus) I KGATO e Abnfa 20 M V1 Te>KV1 osoro 20 000 Kr. nnYBa 6aBHO C otsope-a YCTa, KORTO gocrnra 2 M, 1-10 ce XpaHI.1 C nnaHKTOH III Ape6HI.1 Pl-16KIA

Onauxara H8 IMopcKa.r8 n"C"LI,a (AJopias vulpinus) e nO-Abnra ot rsnoro. He38B!I1CJ.1MO OT BHYWIIlTenHI4R CII1 BI!1,Q ta- 314 aKYna, KORTO Te/Kll1 450 Kr, e HanbnHO 6e30naCHa aa 40BeKa, nopag!4 naKOMI!1Rra CI.1 nornbl$ HaBej:lHb>K BCI!14KI.1 pVl61.1, KOI!1TO ca B ycrara ~, PI.16ap!l1Te R HeH8-

,lIlllftJKHHa: 6-7,5 M, .

IPa3npOCiJipa'HeHHe:

KocMonom'1THO,

oncrwna H8 T03Vl BillA e cnato V13YY8Ha,

Mnagv1Te cnoHol'llo'lQ,ofiHn aKYm'll (Catorfinus maximus) I4Mar Abnra MYl1YHa. KORTO npJ.1I1I1148 H8 xotor npl4 Bb3R8CTHI!1Te xo6oTh T e OTHOCl!1TenHO nO-KbC,

Kowala He! Irstyll:o:m, (Sq4iorhinus canicula) e nOKpV'lTa C ¢a.nWI.1BV'I 3b614 111 B MII1Haroro e 61.1na V13nOmBaHa KaTO cTbpranKa, T a3111 pll16a CHaCR A~l.\aTa CI.1 BbB BI!1,Q Ha wHfPOBe, ,Qbnrl!110 CM.

VCTaTa H8 nbcrpsr,a aKYna (Greclolobus macula/us) e 3806111KoneH8 or KO>KHVI V13,[1aThl.\l!1. KOI!1TO npv'1nVl4ar Ha ,qpe6HVi 6e3rpb6Ha4HI.1 I.1nV1 BOAopacnl.1 Tasa >K1t1- BOfHOTO ce CKpV1B8 BbPXY nI1I.1TKl.1re ):IbHa. MOIKe 614 C re3~ 1t13,Q8Tblllt1 nscrpara aKy-

BI4>K,QaT. 3aLllOTO pa3KbCB8 Mpe>KI.1Te VIM. na pa3n03H8B8 VI XpaHaTa.

,

BbB BenI!1K06pI.1T8HVlR 1I1Ma MHOro Kny60- :

Be sa OpraHII13111paH8 H8 nOB Ha IKYLtenO,.o6HlITa aKYna (Carchan8S ferox). :

KORTO e HapeY8H8 "cna,QKVlR Vl.1nRM"

He38B14C14MO 48 e MHOro naKOMa, ae'ne- ' iH..,KaBa.T8 8KYn8 (Prionace glauca), KG- ' RTO e CbC CI!1HKaB LlBRT 1.1 6Rn KopeM, He ce npVl41t1cnRB8 KbM OnaCHI1Te 8KYnl!1, nornbLll8 1!1 HexpaHl!1renHVI MarepVlan!ll VI -ecro MO>Ke na ce BV1AV1 osono KVlTOnOBHl1Te Kopa61.1 ,qa cb6V1pa ccranuare Of 041!1CT8HI!1r8 KI!1.TOSe

ronRMa KHttlra aa >KttlBOIHttI

CUORHINUS MAX/MUS CnoHonoOOGHA AKYM

SCYLIDR!-!NUS C/W/CULA rA1V'-tO

RHiNCHODON IYPtJS KY'~OBA ,t.KY[1I\

CARCHI\RODO'II C4RCHARII6 K'i'jEWIlAA'l'YM

CARCI-'AFlIIS FEROX K'i'j810n05HA AK\'f1!I

PRIONACE GLf.llCA 3Ef1EHI4i<.ABA AKVi'1A

QRECTOLOBUS MACULATUS nbCTPA AKV'lA

rPbsHA' .... HL4- XPYLlJIRnHLiI p1016Li1

ETMOPlFRUS SPINA>!

LlEPHA AKYJ1A

I MYUOllATIS

PDJILA MOPCKiI1 OPEIl

PRJST/S PECTINATUS PiI15A TPV10H

RAJA MIFW..ETUS POM60BI.1JlEH CKAT

RHINOBATOS RHINOBAfOS PiI15A UVlfYnKA (CKAT)

cpopMaTa H8 KaMa vm~ 3b6eCT mpaH, KOMe TO ca OTPOBHY1. Kor8TO 1i13HeHcmBautO ce nORBIi1 OT AbHOTO 6narogapeHIiI8 H8 rpenT€HIiIRTa H8 CBOY1Te rpbAHIiI nepKV1, npv1nlil-a Ha nn8Ba\lla nml(8.

pacn« BbOPb~eH AO 8AHa rpsia OT Abn~HaTa My C 60AflVl OT ):lB8TS CTpaHvt T 03V1 V13paCTbK (pocrpYM) My CI"lY*Vl Aa saneMeTV1 APYrVlr8 pV16V1 V1 Aa POBV1 B YTa~KV1Te, Kb,QeTO nOB~ M8KOTenli1 H APyr~ >Kl!1BOTHIi1.

nOp8Jl1i1 BbHWHIiIA eM BIi1A iii MRCTOTO CIi1 B 8BonlO1IIi1Rr8 MO,PCIU'IAT asren (Heniochus acuminatus) ce eMRTa sa M8»<AVlHHa <l>OPM8 MetI\QY 8K'y'nV1 VI CKaTOB8.

OPb:>KVl8TO 38 Hana,qeHVle Ha pHSa,a TiPMOH (Pr/sUs pectinafus) e Abnbr V13-

I

MOpC.K'MAI o;pen (Myliobatis aquila) e 06eKT H8 cpaHTaCTV1YHiI1 MOPCKiI1 pa3Ka3V1. T o~ V1M8 oreuxa, BbOPb:>K8H8 C II1ma nOA

CIHHCKanra uyna (Oxynofus centJina) Ii1Ma rpb6HIi1 nepKiI1, 38BbPWS8U-l1i1 C wlilnoBe. nbpBIi1RT ot TAX 8 H8KnOH8H Hanpeg.

*MOP'C,KA. IKO'TKA

AKvnA LlVK

Pa3MHOlKBBlHe: IKltlBOpa.>KAalL(8.

Spai HI II8IIKme: 30-40 .

J!'bnlKMHa: AD 1,5 M.

.Q1tIDKMH8 HI Bb3pac11f .. A "HA .. BMA:' ,1:10 6 M. W"p .. H8 HI rnaaara: AO 80 eM.

------

Pa3np0cTp8H8HMe: KOCMononVITHO.

IPaanpOCTjpaHeHMe: nmnKV1 ,QbH8 H8 LJepHo Ii1 Cpe,Q1i13eMHO Mope 1il1i13T04HIi1Te 4aCTIi1 H8 AmaHTlli48CKIi1F1 OKeaH.

XpaHeHe:: C MeKOTenli1, paKoo6pa3HIi1.

AK)l1l8T8 LJyK e e):1V1H MHoro IiIHT8peGeH iii eKCTpasaraHTeH SHA aryna. He ce 3Hae npw.JIi1Ham 38 oco6eH8Ta pa3W14peHa ¢lopMa Ha rnaaara ,Qbnra cuuo 80 CM. BepoHTHO CrpaHIi14HIi1Te 1-13paCTbllli1, 8 4V1V1T0 Kpalill..l..l8- ca pasnOnO>KeHIi1 041i1Te iii KOV1TO ca no-Wli1pOKlil iii roneMH VI or rpb.QHIilTe nepKli1, IiIrpam pomra Ha CTaooDVl3aTOp 38 paSHoserneTO Ha pV16ara. AKynaTa 4yt< e ,Qbnra 6 M 1!1!l\Iilsee B Abn6041i1HV1Te H8 MoperaTa B yMepeHV1Te III Tponw-!HIilTe 30HIII, B Cpe,QV13eMHO Mope ce XB8li.\8 PAJ:IKO, B ,Qbn601.!IiIHIilT8 Ha MOp8T8Ta Kpa~ AI-iTwlCKV1T8 OCTpoBlil1i1 6peros8T8 Ha Cj)nopliIAa ca Ha6moA8- BaHV'! rpynlil OT CTOlV141i1 Mml,Q1iI aKYlllII INK. XpaHAT ce npe):1I11MHo c XPYL4RnHIi1 p1t16lt1 Ii1 C paKoo6pa3HV1, KOIilTO Tbpcm no IlbHOTO. nopa.Q1Il nBKOMIIIRTa CII1 8K)111V'!Te YyK He ce Cnli1paT gopl4 iii npe):1 OTpOBHIiITe CKaTOBe iii ,Q,eC1CTBV1T8nHO B TbKaHIIITe Ha HAKOIi1 V1HgV1- BH/J,1!1 ca HaMIi1paHIt1 TeXHIi1 Wli1nOBe, >KeHcKV1Te ca >KIIlBOPa>l<A8lltV1 III ca oc06eHo nnoAoBIiITIi1.

MOpCKaTa KOTKa (H8 CHUMRama) 8 e,QV1H OT MHOroTO BIiI~oBe OrpoBHV1 CKaTOse. MOIKe na e P030B8, Macm1HeHa IiIllliI CIi1Ba Ha l.IBAT. MYLlYH8m ~ e rpV1brbnHa, a OnaWKaTa e BbOpb>KeH8 c Abnbr Wli1n, aasspuaau C e,QHa IiInli1 ABe Ii1rnli1, Ii1 e Abma 1,5 fTbTVl KOllKOTO TRIlOTO. BbTpeWHIi1Te CT8HIiI H8 Wvm8 3aTBapRT KaHan, B KO~TO ce H8MIi1par OlPOBHIi1 >Kfl83V1. 38 ,Q8 ce 38ll.\ViraBa, MOPCKaT8 KOlKa noB,Qli1ra wli1na Ii1 e cnoc06Ha Aa npo- 6Vle C Hero llQ,QKa liIJll!1 onaCHO na paHIiI >KepTBV1T8 CVI. B HAKOVI paMOHVl Ha T V1XVlR OKeaH onaWHVlFlT WVln ce Vl3n0n3B8 or MeCTHOTO HaC8neHIi18 38 1!13pa6OTB8He Ha CMbPTOHOCHVI OPb>KVIR.

MopCKaTa KOlKa >KVlBee nonyCKpv1T8 B nACbKa iii ce npIi1ABVl>KB8 caao KoraTO TbPCV1 xpaHa: Me" KOTellli1, paKoo6pa3HVI VI .QpyrVl 6e3rpb6H84HVI, f on8MIi1Te rpbAHVI nepKVI Cb3,Q88a1 npVl ):1BIi1IKeHVl8TO C!l1 BIiIXPIi1Ii1 «rare IKltlBOTHOTO e 6nlil3KO AO ,QbHOTO, BAVlr8 roIlFIMa MbTl!IJll\8, TaKa MOpCKaTa KOTKa OTKpMB8 CKpIi1IlIllTe ce B TVlHRTa >KVIBOTHV1 Ii1 rVl XB8ll\8, )lbBK8renHIiIFIT anapar e cHa6,Q8H C MHOro CIi1THVI Itl ocrpa 3b6V1, pasnonO>K8HVl B HFiKonKO pena HAKOIi1 BIiIAose IiIMaT 06V1Y8R A8 cnrat ,QO YCTIiIRT8 H8 peKIi1Te.

POM6oB~,AHKATCKa1 (Raja miraJefus) ce pa3MHOJi<8Ba c A~lIa, KOVITO ce Onn01t';Q3T BbTpetUHO. CneA TOBa R~l.I8Ta ce 3aTBapAT B KOX\€CTO naKeT4e C HenpaBvlnHa <PoPMa - BceKVl blbn e c pa3nVl'-lHa AbroKlilHa.

IMaMrMElTa, (Manta birostris) e VlCTIr1HCKlil flilr8HT. MOJKe Aa AOCTHrH€ 8 M WVlpVlHa VI Te)Klo1 3000 Kr. Kaa,QpaTHara til rnasa LoIMa

ABa V13paCTbKa, HaC04eHIil HanpeA·

B JlpOOHI'IR PVlM neKapVlTe ca lo-13n0n3BanVl eneK11pMI"teCIOtTe CKlIlDBe (Torpedo torpedo) sa neKyBaHe H8 6onecTIi\. Te ca e,QHVI or ManKOTO pV16l1!, KOVITO ca B CbCTOAHV1e ,Qa 1I13nycHaT OKono 200 sonra enecpV14eH 10K BbPXY ce6eno,Qo6HVlTe, OpraHVIre, KOVITO o6pa3yaar eneKYpVl4eCTBoTO, ca

noera aooMHV1 VI ca pa3nOflOJK8HV1 OTCTpaHVI H8 rrasara, fJ,D Bpb3KaTa ~ C ranoro.

'MI~CTep~.D3H.,,'e xMMepMI (Chimaera monstrosa) ca o4apoBaTenHlI!' CblllecTBa, 06V1TaS81l1V1 MOpCK\!1Te ,Qbn6V1HIII. Ii1MaT onawKa, nOAo6Ha Ha KaMWVlK, GMFlTaT ce sa >KV1BV1 cpocv1nvt - Te ca nOCnefJ,HvtT8 npefJ,CTaBV1TenV1 Ha H3Mpem1 ceMet1cTBa.

- --

~-

85

CbOIMIrA

CbOMfaTa >+<V1Bee It1 B CIl(3AKItl, It1 B COneHItl BOAItl. TR e HeYMOpeH nbTeW8CTBeHIt1K. CbOMfaTa HanYCKa MOpem, soraro AOCTlt1fHe nonosa 3PFlJlOCT B MOMeHTa, B KO~'lTO e rorosa ,0,8 ce pa3MHO>K~ It1 e Harpynana 3a6enerKvneflHO KOflW-leCTBO Ma3HIt1HItl Iorasa ce nplt1ABlt1.>KBa KbM YCTIt1RTa Ha peKl4T8 til ce 1t13KcNBa yaK ,0,0 V13BOpIt1Te V1M, KbAeTO CT)lAeHtIITe BOAIt1 ca 60raTVl Ha xpaHa. npeOAOflRBa~KtII MHOro npenFlTCTBVlR - BOAon8AV1, 6bP381t1, 6aparKiI1, pV16V1T8 npeMV1HaBaT CTOTiI1UVI K!t1flOMeTplt1, np(l1 KoeTO ry6FIT eAHa rpera OT Macara Cl<1, sa Aa ,qOCTlt1fHaT MRCTOTO, Kb,QeTO ,qa ce pa3MHO>KaT.

B pesvrnar ua roflRMOTO Vl3pa3XO,QBaH8 Ha OpraHIt14Ha Maca HRKOIt1 OT CbOMfltlT8 y"Mlt1par, Cfl8,Q KaTO ca XBbpnlt1fllt1 xa~sepa, It1flltl CTaBaT neCHa >KepTB8 Ha p1t161t1, flTlt1UIil It1 603a~HIt1UIt1 YCTaHOB8HO e, 4e caMO 5 % OT CbOMrV1Te, KOV1TO ca 1t13BbpWIt1flitl nspeara Citl MV1rpaLlvlA, cnrar OTHOSO .0.0 MOpeTO. V13JllOneHV1T8 pV16K111 s rop-ata yaCl Ha pesata Mlt1rpV1par KbM Mopem, «rare AocTlllrHaT 10-12 CM ,Qbfllt<.l.1Ha It1 ssspacr 1-2 roAV1HV1 . .llocmfai1KIt1 MOMeHTa Ha pa3MHO~saHe, 18 ce BPbu.(ar B pesara, KbAeTO ca pOAeHIt1. T08a ce Abfl>K1t1 Ha Opr8HM, KOvrrO ca A06pe pa3BIt1TIt1 It1 ca B CbCTOflHIt18 Aa pa3no3HaRT AOPV'! cnen 5- 6 roAItlHVl MIt1PIl1- ca, T8Mn8parypara It1 X\IIMVlYHIt1R cicras H8 BOHara, B KORlO ca pOAeHItl

P,aSMHolKaBaIHe: c FI~Lla (xa~Bep). .I!lbnllClIIHa: AO 1,20-1,50 M.

MeCIOo6.,IaHl-1e: Mopera VI peKItl.

*LUYKA

Pa3MHO)l(aBaHe: C fli1ua (xa~Bep).

.AbftMMHa: AO 1,35 M.

Maca: AO 23 f<J.

MeCToo6MTaHl-1e: Cflao,KOBO}:1HIt1 6ac8~HIil

llzyK8Ta e Cfl8AKoBoAHa pt-16a C nouara coosa Ha eAHO OT KpbBO>Ka,D,HIt1T8 .>KiIIBOTHV1 B p8KliIT8, T8yaLl.\1t1 B C8BepHara -acr Ha ropCKIiI.R nORC (LilrnOIU4CTHIiITe roPIli) B HaW8TO nOnyKbfl60. LUYKaTa npegn04WTa cnoKoV1HVlT8 80AIi! B esepara VI peKWTe 6e3 KaMeHIIICTVI }:1bHa. Iasa He ~ ce -anara Aa rpeononaaa re- 4eH ItlR , KOItlTO He ~ n03BOflRBaT na CTOIil HenOABVliKHa, sa ,[Ia 1il3HeHa,Qa Iil X88H8 lKepTsaTa- CV1SV1RT LiBRT Ha KOIKaTa, Ha6- pa3A8Ha C TbMHIil V1BIt1LiIt1, R CKplt1Ba It1A8anHO Me>KAY paCTeHIt1- ATa. COJll.1AHaTa ~ cnausa VI V13npaseHaTa n03V1UIi\.A Ha masHIt1L1V1T8 npeBpbLl.\aT Ll.\YK8r8 B y61t1B8Ll1a MawV1Ha V1 Aei1cTBIt1- TeflHO 183111 n031tlllV1R ~ n03BonRs8 na XB8H8 PIi16V1, KOIt1TO ce HaMVlpa- Ha pa3CTOAHItl8 10M OT HeA. T Fl npItl6flwt<asa, npeAItl na ca R 3a6eflR3anltl.

l1lYK8Ta Hana,Qa naTIt1UIt1, nOTanHI-1UIt1 V1 BOAHttI KOKOWKIil. nopaAlii naKOMVlFlTa CV1 Itl Ao6pe BbopbiKeHaTa CbC 3aKpll1SeHVI H8sbTpe 3b61t1 YCTa TR 8 HapV1Y8Ha Itl Cfla,QKOBOAHa aKYfla. CHaeR xa~Bepa CItl BbPXY noABOAHIIlT8 paCTeHIilR.

CnSjq)KOBOAHlI1Te PW6V1,>Kli1S8RT B pa3nVl'1HIiI yacm Ha peKL1fe cropen Hpt\QaTa OT TOnrillH8 ill KillcnopOA

MopcponOfll1YHIiITe iii 6101onorW'IHiIITe npoMeHiII B peK!l1Te ca nplil'1i11Ha 3a 1i134€3a8Hero Ha an03.8JI (Alosa flc/a), KOATO 1i13nVl3a OT MOpeTO, aa na XBbpnV1 xai18epa Cill B peKVlTe KETO CbOMrara B tI1ranlllR se4e He ce cpeua

*IEB;pOne"CKIVIflIT xapvtyc (Thymallus thymallus) IIIMa ronFlM8 rpb6H8 nepsa nOAo6H8 H8 rnano T bC1 KaTO IIIMa HYIK,Qa OT MHorO KiIICflOP0o., TB3111 4yacTBIiITenHa KbM eonara PVi6a crpana MHoro or He~HOTO 38MbpCRsaH8

'Lfe,pBeHIITa nbCTbpBa (Oncorhynchus nerl<a) >KVlBee B TiIIXIiIR OKe8H V1 H88nV13a B 83i113TCKJ,1Te J,1 acppV1KaHCKIi1Te peKI.1

*ClIIrbT (Coregonus lavaretus) npV1HClAJle>l<Y1 KbM rpyna- 18 H8 6em'ITe pill6V1, KOIl1TO B eBpone~cKV1Te peKJ,1 ca Ha V134e3B8He.

AO;pocoMiTa (Oorosoma cepedianum) ce coeua B peKVlTe Ha UeHTpanH8 iii lO>KHa AMepil1Ka VI B AmaHTVl4ecKYlR OKeal-1 npil1HBAJ1e>KJ,1 KbM pII\6\11Te, Komo VlMaT ronRMO 3Ha4eHVle KaTO xpaHa sa 40BeKE

Aam,ullTa (Oa/fia pectora/Is) e TVlnlll4Ha 38 CeBepHa /lMepltlKE VI CIt16V1P plll6a V1 >KiI1Bee B sacroanare BOj:1V1 B ryHJ]pata

rOIlAMa KHV1ra aa )KV1BOfHVI

HIODON TERGISUS 3b6ATA CEfI.UA.

*CORfGOIIIUS LAI:4RETUS CVlf

OAUJA PECTORALIS D,M\I1A

SALMOSALAR CbOMfA

OOROSOMA CEPED/IlNUM DOPOCOMA

88

IOblDWTHUS FA5CO!.A PLi1c.o. .PPMOH

MvROUCUS MUaLERI MlOflEPOB MAVPOflVlKYC

ARGYROPELECUS AFF/NIS GPE&bPHA &PA,IlBA

CYCWTHCKIIE SIGNATA UV1KJlOTOH

MOPCKBTB nenenANKB: (Chauliodus sloanerJ VlMa MHOro nO,QBI4>KHO TRnD iii ,QOflHaTa Y8mOCT MO)Ke Aa ce OTBOPV1 ,QO o6pa3ysaHe Ha brbn 90°,

MI01ne;poBMAT MayponMKYc (Mauralicus muellerrJ V1 I.I\MK~ nOTOH'bT' (Cyelothone signata). OT KOV1TO nbPSV1RT BillA ce epeua B Cpe,QVl38MHO Mope, 8 BTOpli!RT HaBCRKb):l8 OCBeH B APKTVl48CKO MOpe, ItlM8T cna60 BKOCTeH CKeneT VI cpe6pVlcTillAr 111M rpb6 caern III nsara BVI,Q8 C8 MHOro B8>KH1iI3a xpaHVlT8flHVlT8 sepV1flll, 3all1OTO te ce xpaHRT C ,QbHHIil >KV1BOTHIiI, a Cb1l10 VI C APyrV1, KOV1TO >KVlBeAT H8 cuiara Abfl60YIIIHa. MaYPoflvlI<:yCbT V1M8 MHOro rofleMIiI 04111 III ce V13,QV1ra H8 noBbpXHocna caao roes HOLl(Ta.

'Cpe61bPH8JB 16p1ABB, (Argyrope/ectus alfinis) 06VlT8S8 CpelJlVl3eMHO Mope VI VlMa roneMIII' ¢OTCXPOpVl, KOV1TO V13flbl.!BaT posoea CBemV1H8,

P",6BT,BI APBKOH (Idiacanthus fascia/a) IIIMa ,Qbnrlll VJ3- pacTbL(Ii1, B KpaR H8 KOIilTO ce H8MlilpaT 04Ii1T~,

Ha Abn6oYIilH8 300-2000 M >+<VlB8RT oc06eHV1 pVl611l, Te IIIMaT V13):1bJDKeHO TRflO, HawapeHo C L(B8THIII neTH8 iii nOKplilTO C WeCTObrbnHVl IlI0CnVl, r pb6HIilFlT iii' 8H8flHIilFlT nnaSHVlK ce H8MIilpaT 6m130 AO oreuxara

Te31il ,Qbfl60KoBo,QHltI pVl61t1 ca Hape48HltI 01118 "pVl6lt1 ARsonlA" nop8AV1 He06V148~HIII.A CIII BbHweH SVlA, T e V1MaT rofleMIiI 48- mocTVI, KOltlTO MoraT Aa C8 OTBapRT 003 orpaHV14eHVl8 Vl ca BbOpb>KeHV1 c OCrpVl AbflrVl VlflV1 KbCV1 3b6V1, TVInlll4HVl 38 XV1ll\HVlL(V1Te. CrpaHIATe'liI MytzyHaTa, Komo 06111KHOBeHO ca pa3WVlpeHVl, IiIMaT pa3flVNeH 6po~ Cserell.jVl opraHV1, H8peyeHIII ¢Oro¢oPVl, 8AV1H OT KOV1TO ce HaMV1pa Henocpe.QCTBeHO nOA 04V1T8. Ha AOflHaT8 -enocr VlM8 KBMWIi14e, nOHAKora TO e MHOro Abflro, cHa6AeHO esc CSeT8ll.j8 TbK8H, KOATO CflytKliIlJla nplilBfleye >KepTB8Ta KETO V1CTV1HCK8. CTpbB. BepOATHO IKIIIBeRT Ha rpynV1,

MopCKBra 160B (Stomias .boa) e CIABa III iIIMa MHOro CBeTelL\1Il opraHl/I OTcrpaHIii H8 raroro.

rOfl'RMa KHVlra3a >KVlBOTHVI

P~51~~ 'O'6,~TA'TEnLII HlA C,n,A,AKIilTIE B,OaM B rson VI LtLIITE

B pa3pe.£l Cefl.£lono.£lo6HIIl anesar 8.£1plll pIll6lt1, Km-no 06v1TaBaT cna,aKV1T8 BOA""

PM6s1S, QCrpMe {Xenomislus nigrij HRMa rpb6eH nflaBHV1K, HO ",Ma MHOro Abflbf nnaBHV1K Ha Kop8MHara CTpaHa B pe- 3ymaT Ha CbeAV1HRsaH8 Ha TPV1T8 nIlaBHV1K8. - KopeM8H, aH8- neH V1 onaweH,

A:panaMMara (Arapaima gigas) e onacen Cfl8AKOSOA8H XV1L1.lHV1K, KO~TO >KV1B88 B rofl8MIilTe P8KV1 Ha 5pa3!11nlt1R It1 rSVIaHa, D.oCTlltra 5 M AbfllKV1Ha iii no 200 Kr Maca, B fH83- ):IOTO, K08TO Mb>KKIi1AT nOCTpORsa Ha MACTO 6e3 paCT8H",R, IK.8HCKaTa CHaCR AO 11 000 R~l!8,

ellen rosa rplil>K8Ta sa nOKon8HVleTO n08Ma MbIKKItIAT, K8- TO 38Ll.!v1TaSa MaIlKVlT8 1.-1' aKO TpA6aa Aa rVl npeM8CTIIl, a8- PORTHO rVl npeHaCR, K8TO rVl nOCTaBR B YCTHar8 Cill K'y'XV1Ha. MeCTHOTO H8C8fl8HIII8 XBalLl8 ap8na~MaT8 3ap8AVl M8COTO V1 83t.1KCl., KOV!TO 1il3flOfl3BaT K8TO OCTPV18,

XENOMISrus MOOI PvlEA OCTf'I,I1E

ApaBaHara (OsteogJossum bicirrhosum)Iil3IllOnS8 R~LlaTa CIII a YCTaTa, K8.TO rV1 AbP'»<V1 B uA/Ko6", HaMlilp8lL1 ce M8tKAy KOCTV1T8 H8 AOflH8ra '-!enIOCT. VlMa rIl8):lKO rano C MeTaIleH 6flRCbK, no,Q P,OflH8T8 '-!eflIOCT V1MB AbflfV1 MycraLlV1 (yYSCTBV1- TeflHIiI 1Il3paCTbLlV1), lJpe3 K01l1TO OTKpV1B8 :>+<8pTB8T8 - npeAV1MHO pau,V1, nnyaa no,Q n08bpXHOCTT8 -a aO,QmB V1 ce !<pltte SbB aO):lHara paCTV1TeflHOCT.

PMiaTS nenepYAS (Pantodon .buchholzij, KOATO 06v1Taa8 BOAHV1Te npOCTpaHCTBa Ha HV1rep V1 KOHro, CbLllO e MHoro VlHTepeCHa. rpbAHV1T8 ~ nnaSH1I1LlIiI npV1IlliIlJaT Ha roneMIII Kpllln8. a KopeMHV1Te ca cHa6AeHVI c Abnrlil TbHKIiI V13paCTbL\III, nplilnW-lalLl'" -a nb'-!V1, PV16aTa nenePY,Q8 rlil 1i13non3Ba K8TO CeTIi1SHIiI OpraHIA. XpaHIII ce c Ape6H1Il pVl6KV1, KOMTO xaaua ):lBli1fKe~K1Il ce 6aBHO no nOBbpXHocn8 Ha BO,Q8ra V1nlil KB.TO CTOIII HenO):lBV1:>+<HO. KOfaTO MIi1H8 HaceKOMO. TF! n0.£lCKaya H8):I BO,Q8Ta Ii1 ro XBa l1.I8 , XP8HV1 ce Ii1 C HaC8KOMV1, naaHaflVl BbB BO,QaTa BbB BC8KIi1 cny'-!aV! MH8HtI1eTO sa H8F1 KaTO 38 pIiI6a, KORTO e cnocobuana IleTVI nO):l06HO Ha nenepYAa, He e OCHOBaTenHO, TR CKa4a SbB Bb3,Qyxa iii pa3CTORHV1eTO, K08TO AOCTlilra npli1 nere« 82 M8Tpa.

PANTODQN BUCHHOI..ZJ Pv1EA nEnEPfIlA

'\

OSTEOGLOSSUM 8ICJRRHOSUM APABAHA

90

rPbSHALlHL4- KOCTH.1t1 pw6lt1

GYMNARCHUS NlLOTiCUS HlilnCKV1 rlilMHAPX

MARCUS£NU$ LCiNGWJALJS MAPKV\3EHVlR

CAJ1APYlOMORMYRUS CURViAOSTRI$ KP,1BOK.IlIOHOBA PV1&A

Mo MYR'JS IWIII\'/..JMc MOPM~PYC

GNATHOO£M S PET£RS

P.1f:>1.. H

MrcrOPHU~1 PUNC"'A~ M TO'"lKOBIt1JlEI-I MiI!"TOf.[J

~~~

GALMIS ATTENUATUS 05i<1,(HOBEH -'JlA' ~

ELECTRON4 RISSOI E1E~TPOI-lA

ronAM8 KHIi1r8 38 >KI!1BOTHII1

Hl!1nCKIllAT ill1MHapX e rpencraearen OT paapen LJoBKonOA06HII1 T e MoraT IJ,a 1i!3- nycKBT nOCTOAHHVI en8KTpVl4HIi\ VlMnynciI1 6naroAapeHVle Ha opraa pa3nono~eH B MYCKYnll!Te Ha onaWKaTa T e3111 iI'IMnynclil ce pa3npOCTpaHRBaT BbB BOAaTa 111 Cb3AaBaT eneKTpll14HO none - HeBIIIAII!Ma 6apV1epa osono ~ItiBOTHOTO. B MOMeHTa, B KOIllTO HRKOv! HapywVl T83V1 6apil1epa, pV16aTa Beye e 1ti3BeCTeH8 -oes ManKV1le nopV1 BbPXY rrasara Te ynaBAT BCV14KV1 ABIII~eHV1R Ha BOAaTa V1 rlllMHapXbT ce OTAanellaBa 6bp30. Cpea 6ypHIIITe BO.QII! Ha peKV1T8 V1 eaepa'a, Kb.QeTO IKIIIBeRT t..tOBKOnOlJ,06HIIITe, cnoccosocna Aa csanaaar eneKTpV14HO none OKOno ee6e CIII e MHoro nonesua CbU.\O III 38 TbPC8H8TO H8 XpaH3. HliinCKVlAT rV1MHapx VlM8 rnro. nOlJ,06- HO Ha 3MV10pKaTa III nOKpV1TO C MHoro Ape6HIII nlOcnl!1 OnaWKaTa e Abnr8 V1 conV1AHa, C TbHbK SPbX. HRMal cnau-a. aHanHa VI KopeMH8 nepK8, HO rpb6H8Ta, nOtJJJ,bplKBHa or 200·215 ns-a e CVlnHO pa3BV1Ta 041i1Te ca ManK!I1111 C8 pa3nonoIKeHill H8):I ronRMara gbnra MYUYHa 3b61!1Te, KOIllTO V1MaT cpopMaTa Ha KOHYC, III Xpll1nHIllTe OTBOPV1 ca nobpe pa3BV1TVI. nnaBaT8nHIIIAT Mexyo VlMa <popMa Ha 8nBeonVl 683 OlBOPVI, KOItiTO 38):1bPIKB.T Bb3lJ,yx. C Hero pll16aTa Altlwa npes cyxVlTe neplIloAV1, «oraro HII\BOTO H8 BOLj8ra Cn8):lH8 3HaYV1T8nHO riVlncKV1RT rli1MHapX 8 HOlljeH Xli1ll1HIIIK nOBV1 pauV1. >KV1Bee AOCTa Vl30nVlpaHO, KaTO ,QbP-

HLt111CKlII rlllMHAPX

IKVI £lPyrv1Te H8 P83CTOAHVle or CBORTa l8p1i1TOPil1A.

P1II5A CnOH

Pa3MHO)l(8B8He: C Aillua (xaVlBep).

------------------

.[lbn)l(MHa H8 x060Ta: 1,5 2 eM.

------------------

MeCToo6MTaH~e: IJ,bn6oKO B cn8AKV1T8 BOAV1·

PI!16aTa enos (Gnathonemus petersij ce xapaKTepV13V1pa C rpb6eH nnaBHIIIK, KOI4TO V1Ma csuara AblllKIIIH8 V1 e CVlMeTpliIYHO pa3nOJlO:>K8H HC¥1 aHanHVlA nnaBHVlK. VI nsara rnasHVlKa ce HaMVlp8r B 38AHara -acr Ha rsnoro. VlMa Cbll.\O Y,QbnlKeHa MYL\YH8 VI 4eniOCH1, BbOphlt<eHVI C ManKO 3b6111. PVl6aTa cnoa e crpaHHa pV16a c UV1flV1HAPIl1YHO rsno. cHa6- AeHO c Abnbr V13paCTbK T O~ CTb[)YV1 HanpeA KaTO xo6or, pa3nOnO>KeH Ha nonaara -enocr npVl APyrl1 BVI,QOB8 Vl3- paCTbKbT MO>Ke IJ,a 6bAe MHOro nO-Abnbf V13aOCTpeH.

T e3V1 opraHVI ca npVlcnoco6neHVle KbM coensra VI 1113nbnHABaT csuara C8TIilBH8 CPYHKlIWl KaTO "'YCTaL\L-1Te.

PY16aT8 cnOH cuuo MO:>Ke Aa V13nbYBa eneKTpV1YHO none, KoeTO nOKpll!B8 nnoLl.l C P8AVlyc 1 0-20 CM OT raroro He~Hara "cneUV1anHocT" C8 CbCTOIII B cnocco-ocrra VI A8 CIII Vlrpae c eAHO TOnY8, nOAo6Ho H8 MflC¥1 6038vn·-!!IlK, He38- BIiICIilMO -e npIilHagne>KV1 KbM Kn8C PVl6V1

Pa3MHO>K8B8He: c A~L!a (xaVlBep).

nonara rpllllKlll

MeCToo6"'TaHVle: cn8AKV1Te BO.Q1I1 Ha Hv1Jl, Hlilrep VI e38pOTo LJ8):I

I

JH,.Q,BHU!. rU4, IUJ: I

• EreKTpV14Hme Ir1MryncV1 Ha ~oBKono,qo6HwTe C8 MHoro I

cna6V1 V1 He ca B CbCTORHIllf' na :apanIil3V1par ~epTBaTa ! ~

I

PIt16vne OT PO)] Mercusenius ipeKapBar Hea<"VlBHIiIF llepVlOA HenOABWKHV1, c r asa Hae04eHa KbM AbHO 0 >N.1sem 6nll130 AO AbHOTO Ha 6aeel~H:.re roneMVi peKIiI VIm" M8nKlii peK\I14KIiI

rOnRM8 -acr OT plil6we H8 P')D, Campylomormyrus l~MaT "xo60T4e" - ManKO, ,13KpIiIBeH:; lA MOMe ::;a :::TVtrHe

Ha Abn>KIiIH8 AD 10nOBIilHaTa OT P83Mep8 Ha TPflOTO Ponata My e na npDHIiI:\Ba v1 B no- TeCHIiITe uenH8TIiIHIiI, 38 na I ynaBFI llapBVI •

Electrona .rissa; OT pasoer; 'vIrctofl!ormes ..1Ma cserellIliI op 'BHiII, pa3nOn')~eHVI BbOXY rsnoro OTCTpaHIiI Ha ~ KopeMa

~ nO):1 Kpa~HaTa aCT Ha rpb6H;"~ "''laBHVlK npv TO"lKO-

B"AH~FI M"KTO~ !I1Ma r:BeTelJ.1V1 opraHVl. ~

~ 06WKHoeeHKRT ranaKC.,c (Gal8XIs attenuarus) OT oaa- I pen r anal<conoAo6HVl lt1Ma cnocotsocrra Aa Mv1rpVlpa I~ csacev ecTeCTBeHO OT MOpCKaTa sona B nonyconer.,1 VI

I

cnaAKIiI BOAIiI.

rlPibISIHA.Ii.IHIf1- KOCTHYlI pYl6Y11

IP33MHO)K3BSHe: C AC1W8 (xa~Bep).

EsponeC1cKaTa 3MVlOPKa e HOLlleH XVllLlHII1K, KO~TO >KVlBee .QbIlro VI II1Ma Ce30HHII1 l1bn>KMHS: .0,0 1,5 M.

MlI1rp8L\tllliI. B V1raIllt1A ce cpeua B 6aceC1Ha Ha peK8 no til no Kpa~6pew;lileTO. M'ecTOoSMraHMe:'

V13K8YB8 C8 no P8K1t1T8 OT AmaHTI!IY8CKIi1R OKeaH rpea ¢eapyaplil-MapT, a OT MOPCKtII VI cna.o,KV1 sO.Q[II.

T V1p8HHO MOpe OT H08MSPVl .0,0 Ma~. V1Ma TI!InlilYHO 3MIil8BIiI.QHO rano, C KopeM8H

VI rpb68H nnaSHI1K, .QbnrVl n04T1!1 KOIlKOTO mIlOTO. lIlMa osoro 260 npeturesa MblKKl1T8 ca .QbIlI1ll OKOIlO 50 eM, a >KeHCKV1T8 .0,0 1,5 M. 3M1I10PK8T8 MO>Ke A8 nbn31i1 no rpeBIi1CT [II sIlaw;eH r'epeHlII3BbH BOA8J8 MHOro 4aCOS8, .Qopll1 Ii1 .QHVl. Ko)l<8Ta .~ e rna.o,Ka. Vl eIlaCTI!IlJHa, K8TO lJ8 IlV1 p[ll6ara e rona HO BCblLlHOCT e nOKpll1T8 CbC 3aKbpHenV1 [lIOCnV1. HaC1-B8)KHV1RT 6ener Ha Ta3V1 MOPCK8 ,,3MVlA" e cnocotsecna ~ A8 1il3MVlH8sa ron8M1i1 pa3cToAHV1R. B .Q8C1cTBV1T8nHOCT pa3npoCTpaH8HIiI8TO 111 MV1rpalllllRT8 H8 3MV10pKYfTe BeKOS8 HapeA ca 6v1n1i1 8AH8 or Ha~-IilHTepeCHIiITe 3ara.o,KVI. E.Qs8 opes XX seK ea 6J.o1f1V1.QocTaTbYHO npoy'l8HVl MHOro Crp8HltI OT TeXHIi1.R )KVIBor. Or Capr8C{)SO Mope AD eaponelitcKV1Te 6peroS8 C8 ycr8HoseHIi1 pa3nlll4HVI napsHIiI ¢OPMVI Ha 3MV10PK8T8 S 3aSV1CV1Mocr or Cra.D,V1A Ha pa3BV1TV18, KOV1TO CbLlleBpeM8HHO ca ce npV1ABIi1>KBanli1 Ha V13TOK. npVl8M8 ee, ye 3MVlOpKara xBbpnFl xaC1sepa CV1 B CapraCOBO Mope.

V'l3IllOnV1Ilv1T8 ee IlapBV1 aanOYBaT .Qbnro rlb teuecraae Ha .QbIl60YIi1Ha 400 M B npoAbfDKeH~e Ha 4 roAV1HVl, K8JO crensar MopoKV1Te Te~eHIt1R VlItI3nnysaT see no-ierope. KoraTO CTlt1rHaT .0,0 eBpone~CKOTO KpaIil6peW;1t18, J1apSV1Te C8 npeSPblll8T B It1HAIt18V1AIi1 C KbCO llli1IlVlHAPli1l1HO TRIlO, AbIlro 6-8 CM. CJ18.Q rosa ce 1t13K84Bar no T8118HIII8TO H8 peKV1T8 It1 cnapar B cnoKoiilHVI Meora. 3M~OPKVlT8 He HanYCKar AbIlf\l1 roAIt1HIt1 Te3111 MeCla, .QOKaTO He ,D,OCTVlrHaT norosa 3pRnoCT. B KpaA Ha IlRTOTO It1 Ha4anoro Ha ecesra 3anO'-lSar A8 CIlVl38T no TelJeHIi18TO Ha P8KV1T8, HaBIllt13aMKM B MopeTO VI onaM B AmaH1ltI48CK[IIR OK8aH.QO CapraeOBO Mope. TOBa e nbTyB8H8 GaMO B 8AHa nocosa sauoro W;8HCKIi1Te yMVlpar TaM, a napsare. nOBIt1KaHV1 OT HeYMonlllM It1HCTV1HKT, 3ano4saT csoa AbJ1bf nb T KbM M8CTara, Kb.Q8- TO ca W;VlB8nli1 T8XHIt1Te pO.QIt1T8n[ll.

IwGUlLtA IWGUJLtA 3MV1OPKA

ronAMa KHlo1ra aa >KIo1BOTHIo1

MURENA HELENA MVPEHA

MYP EHA Pa3MHO>K9B9He:

C A (:1L-I8 (xa~B8p).

MypeHaTa CbU.\O npVlHagn8>KV1 KbM pa3pe):l8 H8 3MVlOpKaTa - 3MVlOpKOnOA06HVI, VI

npVInVlya no ¢>opMa Ha HeR. TR 8 C MHoro MYCKynecTO Vl3a06n8HO, LlVlnVlH):IpVl4HO llbn>KIIIHs: ao 1,3 M.

~~--

TAno. lI!Ma MHOro no-erpecaeea BbHW8H BVlA- C ocrpVl 3b6V1, RKIII yemOCTV1 VI Man- IMecriOO6.,raHllle: MOPCKaTa BOAa

Kli1 OYVI, pa3nOnO>K8HVI nO-Hanpe,Q BbPXY y,Qbn>K8Hara MYllYHa. rn8B8ra 8 OTHOCVI-

TenHO ManKa E3V1Kb T VI ABO~KVlTe nnaBHVlLlVI nVlnCBaT, KO>KaT8 8 MHOro rnansa HAM8 nlOcnVl, 6oraT8 e Ha >Kne3V1, Km1TO oTAenAT cnY3. nOYTVI BI4HarVl 06BVlBK8Ta Ha T83111 p1-1614 8 O,-\B8TeHa VI nOKpVlTa C PVlCYHKII1 HRKOt.1 MypeHVI - HanpliIMep 386poBlII,QHaTa, KORTO C8 OTrne>t<,Qa, 8 V13nbCTpeHa C 6enVl iii >KbnTVI npbCT8HV1 D,pyrV1 - Hanpt.1Mep MypeHara OT Cpe,QltI- 3eMHO MOpe, ItIMaT MpaMopHa >KbnTO-4epHa nOKpV1BK8., TpeTVI ca C "n80nap):lOB8" OKpaCK8. MypeH8Ta ItIMa WV1POK8 ycra, KORTO npVl OTBapAHe crara AO 041t1Te, ItI RKItI 3b6V1, pa3nonoIK8HVI B nOB848 OT 8AI.1H peA B OCHOBaTa -a 3b6V1T8 !riMa >KIl83V1, KOVITO OT):I8nRT OTpOBa. H8 BCW-IKVI yY8HlII 06aY8 ca CbrnaCHVI C TOBa. Cnope,Q HRKOVI npVlcbcTBVleTO Ha OTPOBHV1 >KJle31t1 He 8 ,QOKa38HO, ):IpyrVl 06a48 CMRT8T, Y8 yxanB8Hero Ha MypeHara MOIK8,Q8 6bAe coec-o ,QOPVl V1 38 YOS8Ke. 3a Aa ce 1t1368rHaT Vl3H8Ha,QVlTe, plil6apv1T8 OlpR3BaT rnaaara H8 MypeHVlTe B8,QHafa cren XB81J..l8He iii npe,QnaraT pVl6aTa 0683rnaa8Ha Ha nasapa MYP8H8T8 06V1Tasa BClII4KVI rpOnltl4HVI VI cy6Tpom14HlII MopeTa . .>KItIB8e KP~ CKanVlCTVlre 6P8- roae VI KopanOBMT8 6apltleplI1, Kb,QeTO CTOVI CKpV1ra npes AenA, a npes HOU.\T8 06VIl<8.-

nfl, aa A8 TbPCII1 xpaHa. XpaHItI ce npeAItIMHO C p146a, M8KOTenltl VI paKoo6pa3- HVI, KOV1TO HaKbcsa C AKWT8 CVI 3b61i1 MypeH8ra 8 HOU.\8H XItILl\HVlK ill It1Ma npe,QHIiI H03,QPVI C nea 143paCTbKa HanpeA, no.Qo6Hli1 Ha TPb61t14KV1, 111 38AHVl H03,QPlil C ¢>opMar8 Ha npOCT!tI KPbrnlil OTBOPVl, pa3nonoIKeHIt1 OTrOpe, 6nVl30 AO O'-lVlr8. MYP8HIi1T8 ca MHOro ynop!tITIll npltl 6op6a. MoraT ,o,a npe>KII1B8m nsrro speMe 1.1 683 BOAa. MecoTO Ha MypeHItIT8 8 6vmo MHOro npeAnOY14T8HO OT pltlMnRHIi1Te ill 3aTOSa OLLte rpes 92 r. np.H.e. ca nOCTpORB8HJ.16ace~HVI, aa Aa rli1 orrneiKAaT

rp'bISHA'-IIHLo\t - KOCTHW IPw6L1

*3.AprA.H

Pa.3MIHDH<aBaHe:: C FI~Lja (xa~Bep),

Pa3MHDH<aBaHe:: C FlIi1Lj8 (xa~Bep),

----------------------

nbnH<MHB cnejQ M3ntOnB8He': AD 13 MM

Abn1KMHa Ha B'b3,paCTHMA MH,AMBM,A: 15-20 eM, MeCToo6wrSN,Me: Mopero,

M'eCIDo6MT8HMe: MopeTO,

- -

. -.--:

- --

-ara CIi1 ona.uK8, TA MQ)Ke Aa CK04\11 Ha . MeTbp H8,[\ nOBbpXHocrra It1 Aa nnaHVlpa

I

AeceTKIII MeTplII C roneM\I1Te C\I1 rpb.QHlII

nnaBHlIIlllll, OTBopeHIII KB.TO nTlII4V1 KP\I1na,

P",6a.ia q,ap (Lampns reg/us) nplllnlll a ' no ¢OPM8T8 CIII H8 pli16aTa nYHa, aOCTlllra AbJl>Kl.1H8 2 M V1 Maca 1 00 Kr

tMopCKaTal l"'lrna (Syngnalhus Iyphle) VlM3 1113j:lbn)KeHO rsno VI e B CbCTO~Hllle Aa CTOJ.o1 SepTli1KB.nH.a t.1 Heno.QSI'1>KHO M€}t(,!l.y paCreHVl~Ta, cnllls8l71KJ,1 ce C lAX,

.AMe,prIKaHCKMAT cr.1M6paxyc (Symbranchus marmora/us) ycnAsa,Qa npeKapa c')OOI1Te nepVloAIII nog r\llH1na, K8.TO AIII-

.

wa 4pe3 Komara CVl,

06V1KHOS8HIiIFlT 3apraH II1Ma 3en8H, 6PV1f1RHTHO-CB8mOCV1H L(BFlT, Tali! 8 or pV16VlJ€, KOV1TO MoraT na CK848T npV1 onacHOCl IiIm.., npli! V1rpa H8A 80Aa18. T 83V1 pV16a e 6bP3 111 CTPO- 8H XV1lL\HV1K CbC conV1AHO TRfIO V1 YAbn>K8HIII "-IemOClV1. KOV1- TO O¢OPMRT TACH8 V1 oerpa vera T R e cHa6AeHa e OCTpV1 Ape6HV1 3b6V1 V1 C KflIOHeCTV1R CIII 1113AaTbK 8 B CbCTO.AHV18 Aa KflbBHe iii 38):1,bP.>KV1 .>KepTBvne, KOV1TO cpeuse npV1 6bP3DTO CV1 nflYB8H8 - pV16111, K8f1MapV1, paKoo6pa3HVI. 3apraHbT e8 pa3MH0.>K88a mea nponerra KaTO XBbpflA xalflBepa CV1 KpaVJ 6pera, KbAeTO TO~ C8 sanenaa sa BOAOpaenL'ne 11\ APyrV1 paCTeHItI.A spes 3lJ,paBV1 HV1WKIiI, npeA 3V1Mara sapfBHb T ce npeM8CT8B 8 orPV1TO Mope, 06V1T8Ba 6a08~HIiIT8 H8 CpeAIt138MHO Mope V1 ATfl8Hn14eCKV1R OKeaH. B LJepHo 1/1 ~pyrlt1 Moper8 e 8AV1H or OCHoBHV1re npOMV1WneHV1 BViAOBe sa YflOB.

MOPCKOTO KOH48 e eAHO or HB~-rpal.\V103HVlTe 101 Hoo6V1- 4B~HVI .>KVlBOTHV1. nonyflRpHO e 38Pa,qV1 q,opMaT8 CV1, r naBBTB My e nperbH8Ta KbM TAflOTO, YCTaTa H8nOA06ABa 1pb- 68 It1 TaKa TO npV1flV1ya H8 W8XMaTHara ¢V1rypa KOH. I.tlHT8- peeeH e HaYV1HbT My HB pa3MH0.>K8BaHe, 3an04BB ce C MBYicTOpeKo YXB.>l<BaHe, KoeTO npe,QCTBBflRBa CBBT6eH npa3HlI1K, GbCTOFllL\ ce OT V1rpV1 HB Mb>KKV1A npeA >KeHCKara CneA TOBa Mb.>KKIiIRT V13npa3B8 CBORTa KopeMHB 1Op- 6V14K8 OT BO,[!8ra, C KOATO e nbflHB, It1 >K8HCK8Ta C RI/Il,(enorsranoro CV1 FI nbflHV1 c xa~Bep, Mb.>KKV1RT onnOJKjJ.a R~l.\aTB, HRKonKO CeAMV1l.\liI rV1 HOCIii CbC ce6e CVi Ii1 cnen TOBB rV1 1113nlOnB8,

koraro Rt148T8 ce V13fllOmn, TOp6V14KarB ce OTBapFi VI ManKV1Te Yl3f1V13aT BbB eonata, ompaBR~K!II ce KbM nossp» uocrra. sa A8 HBnbflHRT C 8b3AYX nn8B8TeflHV1F! CII\ Mexyp, npltIlJ,BWKBBT ce. no.QCK8yaC1KIIl Sepn1K8f1HO, 6narOAape-

Vie Ha rpb6HV1R CV1 nnaBHV1K, KO~TO BVl6pV1pa 6bp30. 38- nsnsar ce CbC 38Bv1T8TB CI/\ onaWKa sa 8oAOpaCnll! V1 KOpanV1, rorrsuar nnaHKTOH It! Ape6HIil.>KWBOTHV1.

? liS:

(}1UUYfUJ rIU4, ~

Ha~-nnOAOBIIITlIIle P1ll6V1 B CBeTa V13BbPWBa ):lbflrill Ml1rpaLjllllll Ha roneMI1 PTa 11 TOBa fI npaBVI MHoro nO)J,XOAR1ll8 3a p* 60nOB,

nOp8):l1ll TBbP):lOTO CV1 III CnfleCKaHO TAnO p~6a,a Ha C!Bel1~ ne11lp (Zeus faber) e rpfl6aano na ce npV!cnoco6111 VI ga aT8K'y'sa MHOro npeana3nVlBO 5naraAapeHHe Ha H83a6efle:>KIIIMV1Te gBiII:>KeHilifl Ha OTA8flHVITe nfl8BHV111~ 11 onaWK8.Ta TA ycnAB8 na ce ):106nVVKJ..1 6aBHo III HeycelHo,

.neTALq,8r8 p,,6a (Cypsehurus heterurus) npV1H8A/le/Klil KbM ceMeiilcTBOTO Ha .neral1.lIIITe pV16v!", CneA !<palKO 3aCl1flsaHe BbH OT BOaara, 6nafOgapeHlII€ -a pa3K1l0He-

MOPCKaTS 160An"'BKI (Spinachia spinach/a) nocrpoasa rHe3Ao OT cnY3, 3anere-o 38 paCTeHVlRTa. npl1 pa3MHO>K8.SBHe ce o6pa3ysa aSOVtK8. V1 TA ce rpWKIII 38 I nOKoneHllleTO

. Uelnop~HKOiO (Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus) III APyrV1Te BVlJ:lOBe or ceMeiilCTBO MaKpV1pillj:l1ll ce HaplIIyar Ollie V1 PVl- 6V1-MI'IWKlII

nOCoceoKYHL,n,e (Percopsis omiscomaycus) ce xapaKTep\l13Vlpal c no-ronaMa AOflHa -enccr III 60AJlillBlt1 flIocnili.

*Mep,nY3BTal (Gadus morhua) e cpea

ronRMa KHlt1ra aa >KIt1BOTHlI1i

CCELORHYNCHUS CCRORHYNCHUS L(EflOPlArlKO

ZEUS FABER PlAf>II HACBETI4 nETbP

* GADus MORHUo'o MEPf1II3o',

• SYNGNATHUS TYPHLE MOPCKAlilrnA

CepaHV1AIiI e V1M8TO H8 ceMeJilcTBoTO, KbM KOeTO cnanalil roJlFlMaT8 4epHIiIFl Maca: AO 400 Kr.

V1M8TO np0V13Jl1il38 OT AYMaTa serra, KORTO Ha naTVlHCKYI 3H8YVI "TPVlOH" Ii1 ce ---------------

OTHaCR 38 Kp8V1lljaT8 H8 06pa3YS8HV18, HaMlilpal..UO ce 6Jl1l130 AO OTBOpv'IT8 MeCTOo6Mrt.8HVle: MOPCKV1 neCbKflli18V1

iii KaM8HVlCTYI AbHa Ha CpeAV138MHO Mope Ha xpl.1Il8Te. T 83V1 Kp8Y1111a ca fbCTO H83b6eHV1, noAo6Ho H8 pe>'K81l1ara

iii AmaHTIiI48CKYlR OKeaH. -sct Ha rpll10H. T OBa, KoeTO xapaKTepV13l!1pa 0684e no-ACHO rOJlRMara Y8p-

HV1A, ca HeJilHVlTe pa3Mepv1. T A cTlilra Ha Abf'DKli1H8 AO 2 M V1 Maca 50 Kr. Velma ce OTsapR H8AOny VI TOBa R npaBVI MHOro CTpaWH8. LlOCTaTbYHO 8 YCTam Aa ce OTBOPV1, sa ce 06pa3YB8 npa3Ho npOCTp8HCTBO, KOOTO MOlKe A8 nofbnHe 1.1 pli161i1 C roneMIi1 pa3Mep~. HAMaT Hl4TO pe3l...(1/1, HVlTO KY'"l8WKV1 3b61i1 V1 3810BB nnAYKaTa C8 nornsua L1FiJla It1 nocne 6V1B8 CAbBKaH8 C ¢8pV1HranHIi1Te 3b614, KOV1TO C8 HaMV1paT Ha H861181O. r onAM8ra yepHV1R e MHOro yceAHana iii 8 CBbP38H8 C MRCTOTO, KbA8TO C8 Kpli18. Omane-esa ce OTT8M caMO npli1 TbpCeH8 Ha xpaH8. HRKOVI 48pHIi11-1 VlM8T croccenocna AS CM8HAT nona CVi. BCVlYKVlII1HA.V1BIi1AI-1 ce Pa>K,Q8T lKeHCKl-11i1 caMO BbB Bb3paCTH8 ¢OPM8 HAKOIt1 OT TAX p83BIiIBaJ Mb/KK!ll pa3MHO>KlllTenHV1 opraHIii. Cb1l18CTBYBaT CbUlO iii BIiIAOB8, KOvtTO ca xepMacppOAv1Jli1.

AlbnlKVlHa: 7-9 CM.

MeCToo6V118HMe: TpOnW-IeCKIII MopeTa.

PI!I6ara nansso ce H8pl.4ya rasa nop3A1i1 OC068HO APKOTO Ol...(B€TABaHe Ha JAnOTO~. 06li1TaBa ronnare Mop8ra B 6nli1- 30CT AO KopanOBJ,1T8 pt.1¢OB8. T OBa 8 MHOro TbPC8H8 8KBapV1YMHa p1i16Ka. TA e npV1BneKamnHa V1 3a1l10TO n8CHO ce OTrne>KAa. OCBeH TOBa Cb1118CTBYBalllli1T8 1.5 BV1A8 C8 pa3nlil4asaT TPYAHO. T831i1 pIi161i1 ca H8CpaBHlAMlii nop8A1iI CKnOHHocna Clil nplll onaCHOCT na C8 KPW:n M8li<AY nlAnanara Ha MOPCKIiIT8 aH8MOHlAV1. P!I16m8 nanRYO IKt.1S8RT B CbBbpw8Ha CV1M6V103a c aH8MOHIiIII1T8, 3aw,OTO re rll1 cnaCRBaJ or H8npli1RTenlll, 683 Aa 111M BP8IJ,RJ C napnV1BIiIJ8 CIII mmana. CbBceM pa3fllilYHa e CbA6ara Ha J:lpyrvne plil6111 - T8 61i1BaT napanli131i1paHIiI iii nOrbflHarlil.

PV16V1T8 nanaso C8 4yscTsaT CbBceM CVlryPHIiI CP8A nananara Ha aH8MOHt.1.ATa. KoraTO XBaH8T >KepTBa, rs R OTHaCAJ iii R V13R>KAaJ T8M. I -lacr or >K8pJBara asnonaea III aH8MOHI-1AJa.

rOflAMMAT KSPStlKC (Caranx hippos) no BpeM8 Ha pa3BIiITlileTO CV1 CMeH.R H.RKonKO nbTIiI usera iii cpopMaTa Clil.

PM6aJ.a xMpypr (Acanlhurus coeruleus) 8 BereTapV1aHell iii >KV1see BbPXY KopanOBV1Te pliIQxJse.

6nV130 AD CI(8fWICTV1Te 6peroBe >l<IiIBee IMOpCKMAJ IOMKep (Caris julis), KO~TO MO>Ke Aa CMeHA nona CII1.

MYijylrteCT,ilTa !pM6a nenepYllii (Chelmon rostratus) e ApKO ollBeTeHa. V1Ma YAbroKeHa MYLlYHa, KO.RTO tit n03S0- f1RBa Aa V!3snlil4a xpaHa or rpYAHO AOCTbnHIiI MeGTa.

*3naTMClaral,cnapa. (Sparus auratus) e roflAM Henpli!RTen 38 MIiIAlille. T A HaBn~3a B MeCTaTa, KbAeTO oe orrne*AaT Mli1Ali1,1iI HaHaCA Cepli103HII1 llIeTli1.

p.,6a.Ta nanara," (Scarus vetula) ce Hapw·ra TaKa 3apaAli1 q,opMara Ha YCTaTa, KORTO e no,q06Ha Ha KJllOHa Ha nanaran.

Cy.mallKalB (Mullus sukmuletus) )KlIlB88 B nm1TKli1Te BOAli! no cpe,qil138MHOMopcK1I1Te iii esponeViCKli1Te opeross Ha ceaep V1 Ha or OT AHrnlJ1A iI1 V1pnaH.A1I1FI.

*MOPCKMRI ApaKoH (Trachinus drago) 4ecTO ce 3apaBA B nACbK8;. OCTaB8T OTKpIilTIiI caMO OYlI1Te VI OrpOBHIiIT8 WVlnOBe, H8Mli1paLUIiI ce Ha fbPOO My.

ranl.RIMA 'LlIEIPHL4IR

ronAMa ;KHlt1ra sa >Klt1:B01HIII

CHELMiY'I ROSTRATUS MVUVl-lECTA PV16A nEnEP'1I!\A

CARAI/;< H PPQ5' ronAM KAPAHKC

CORrPHJlENA HPPURUS ,,;:,.....:::~ ............. :J MAJlKA KOP1/t(J)EHA

AJ..<PHIAAI()(>.

PfRCULA PiAf,A I1AI1A40

EPiNt;PHEWS GU42~ ronRMA 4EPHl1R

'TRACHINUS DRAGO MopcKl-" UPAKOH

A~IMBERBJS CPEUV13EMHOMOPCKII1 AnArQH

97