ROOTS

IES Santa Rosa de Lima – 1º ESO Bilingüe – Curso 2010/11

The square root of a number is the
inverse operation of its square power

EXERCISE

What is the square root of...?

a) 49 49  7
the square root of 49 is 7

b) 81 81  9
c) 64 64  8
d) 169 169  13

e) 400 400  20
 A little bit of History...

There are very ancient papyrus, such as

the Rhind Papyrus (1650 BC) where we
can find square roots:

In Ancient India, square roots were

calculated before 800 BC.
Aryabhata found a method for
calculating square roots of big numbers
in the 10th century.
 A little bit of History...
In Ancient Greece they
also worked with roots and
powers.
The Pythagoras Theorem is
one of the most important
theorems in Maths.

In 1525, Christoff Rudolf

created the symbol for the
square root.
=r
SQUARE ROOT OF “BIG”NUMBERS
¿ 225 ?
10 2  100 ⇒ 100  10
10  225  20
20 2  400 ⇒ 400  20

112 = 121 142 = 196 172 = 289

122 = 144 152 = 225 182 = 324
132 = 169 162 = 256 192 = 361

225  15
 12 = 1 112 = 121 212 = 441

22 = 4 122 = 144 222 = 484

32 = 9 132 = 169 232 = 529

42 = 16 142 = 196 242 = 576

52 = 25 152 = 225 252 = 625

62 = 36 162 = 256 262 = 676

72 = 49 172 = 289 272 = 729

82 = 64 182 = 324 282 = 784

92 = 81 192 = 361 292 = 841

102 = 100 202 = 400 302 = 900

 12 = 1 112 = 121 212 = 441

22 = 4 122 = 144 222 = 484

32 = 9 132 = 169 232 = 529

42 = 16 142 = 196 242 = 576

52 = 25 152 = 225 252 = 625

62 = 36 162 = 256 262 = 676

72 = 49 172 = 289 272 = 729

82 = 64 182 = 324 282 = 784

92 = 81 192 = 361 292 = 841

102 = 100 202 = 400 302 = 900

 What to do...?
¿ 1296 ?
30 2  900 ⇒ 900  30
30  1296  40
40 2  1600 ⇒ 1600  40

The last figure of 1296 is a 6, so our “candidates” are 34 and 36

342 = 1156 362 = 1296

1296  36
 EXERCISE
Find the square root of the following numbers:

40 2  1600 ⇒ 1600  40
a) 2025
50 2  2500 ⇒ 2500  50
b) 2704
c) 4761 40  2025  50

d) 1089 The last figure is a five: 2025

so there is only one candidate: 45

45 2  2025  2025  45
 EXERCISE
Find the square root of the following numbers:

50 2  2500 ⇒ 2500  50
a) 2025
60 2  3600 ⇒ 3600  60
b) 2704
c) 4761 50  2704  60

d) 1089 The last figure is a four: 2704

so the candidates are: 52 and 58

52 2  2704
 2704  52
58  3364
2
 EXERCISE
Find the square root of the following numbers:

60 2  3600 ⇒ 3600  60
a) 2025
70 2  4900 ⇒ 4900  70
b) 2704
60  4761  70
c) 4761
d) 1089 The last figure is a one: 4761

so the candidates are: 61 and 69

612  3721
 4761  69
69  4761
2
 EXERCISE
Find the square root of the following numbers:

30 2  900 ⇒ 900  30
a) 2025
40 2  1600 ⇒ 1600  40
b) 2704
30  1089  40
c) 4761
d) 1089 The last figure is a nine: 1089

so the candidates are: 33 and 37

33 2  1089
 1089  33
37  1369
2
 CUBIC ROOT
The cubic root of a number is the
inverse operation of its cubic power.

Let’s do some maths...

3
1  1  13  1 3
64  4  43  64
3
8  2  23  8 3
125  5  53  125
3
27  3  3  27 3 3
216  6  6  216
3
 FOURTH ROOT, FIFTH ROOT, SIXTH ROOT...

The fourth root of a number is the

inverse operation of its 4th power.
4
16  2  2 4  16

The fifth root of a number is the

inverse operation of its 5th power.
5
243  3  35  243

The sixth root of a number is the 6

1000000  10  106  1000000
inverse operation of its 6th power.

The 27th root of a number is the

inverse operation of its 27th power.