L2  2l (l +1)

42.39: a)  Eex = = .

2I 2I
E g = 0 (l = 0),
and there is an additional multiplicative factor of 2l + 1 because for each l state there are
really 2l +1 ml states with the same energy.

  l ( l + 1) 
2
nl   kT
So = (2l + 1)e−  2 I  ⋅
n0
b)  T = 300 K, I =1.449 ×10 −46 kg ⋅ m 2 .
 2 (1) (1 +1)
(i)  El =1 = −46
= 7.67 ×10 −23 J.
2(1.449 ×10 kg ⋅ m ) 2

El =1 7.67 ×10 −23 J

= = 0.0185 .
kT (1.38 ×10 −23 J K) (300 K)
( 2l +1) = 3
n l =1
so = (3)e − 0.0185 = 2.95 .
n0
El =2  2 ( 2) (2 +1)
(ii)  = = 0.0556 .
kT 2(1.449 ×10 −46 kg ⋅ m 2 ) (1.38 ×10 −23 J K ) (300 K)

(2l +1) = 5.
nl =1
= (5)( e −0.0556 ) = 4.73 .
n0

El =10  2 (10 ) (10 +1)

(iii) = = 1.02 .  
kT 2(1.449 ×10 −46 kg ⋅ m 2 ) (1.38 ×10 −23 J K ) (300 K)
nl =10
(2l + 1) = 21 so = (21) (e −1.02 ) = 7.57 .
n0
El =20  2 ( 20 ) ( 20 +1)
(iv) = = 3.89 .
kT 2(1.449 ×10 −46 kg ⋅ m 2 ) (1.38 ×10 −23 J K ) (300 K)
( 2l + 1) = 41 .
   nl =20 = (41)e −3.89 = 0.838 .
n0
El =50 2
(50 ) (50 +1)
(v) = = 23 .6.  
kT 2(1.449 ×10 −46 kg ⋅ m 2 ) (1.38 ×10 −23 J K ) (300 K)
(2l +1) = 101 .
nl =50
= (101 )e −23 .6 = 5.69 ×10 −9.
n0
 c) There is a competing effect between the (2l+1) term and the decaying
exponential. The 2l + 1 term dominates for small l, while the exponential term dominates
for large l.