TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS Page No.

LIST OF FIGURES iii

LIST OF TABLE iv
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3
3. PHYSICAL MODEL STUDIES 6
3.1 ABOUT MODEL AND SIMULATION 6
3.2 SIMILITUDE OF THE FLUID MOTION 6
3.3 SCALING RELATIONSHIPS 7
3.3.1 FROUDE NUMBER SIMILITUDE 7
3.4 PROTOTYPPE 8
3.5 MODEL CONCEPTULIZATION 9
4. MODEL CONSTRUCTION 10

4.1 CONSTRUCTION OF FLUME 10

4.2 SOIL SELECTION AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES 13

5. EQUIPMENTS AND SOFTWARE 16

5.1 ULTRASONIC FLOW METER 16

5.2 P-EMS 16
5.3 HR WALLINGFORD-2D BED PROFILING SYSTEM FOR PHYSICAL 17
MODELS
5.4 SOFTWARE USED 20
6. PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATIONS 21
6.1 PROCEDURE OF EXPERIMENT 21
6.2 OBSERVATIONS 21

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 6.2.1 DEPTH OF FLOW 21
6.2.2 VELOCITY OF FLOW 22
6.2.3 INITIAL BED PROFILES 24
6.2.4 PROFILES OF SCOUR DISTRIBUTION IN THE CHANNEL 25
6.3 SIMULATION OF RESULTS 35
7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 36
REFERENCES 37

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. Figure Description Page No.

2.1 Flow pattern around bride pier 4
4.1 View from d/s end of flume before introducing structure 11
4.2 View from u/s end of flume before introducing structure 11
4.3 View from d/s end of flume after introducing pier 11
4.4 View from u/s end of flume after introducing pier 11
4.5 Pier and channel with dimensions 12
4.6 Particle size distribution of Mumbara sand used in test section 14
5.1 Ultrasonic flow meter 16
5.2 P-EMS 16
5.3 Bed profiler and pc 18
5.5 Measurement of bed with drag arm probe 19
5.6 Contour map drawn in surfer 20
6.1 Contour map of local scour around the pier done in surfer 34
6.2 Image of scour around the pier 34

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Table Description Page No.

3.1 Scaling relationships between model and prototype 8
3.2 Parameters corresponding to model and prototype 9
4.1 Dimensions of the pier and channel in tabular form 12
4.2 Soil particle size distribution 13
4.3 Properties of Mumbra sand 14
5.1 Specifications of bed profiler 19
6.1 Simulations of results 35

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