Anatomy of heart

By: Rajnikantam
B.PhT Part:IV
PGIMER
 HEART
• Hollow, muscular organ
• Mediastinum between the
lungs resting on the
diaphragm, tilting forward
and to the left
• Pumps 60mL of blood (5
L/min)
• Encapsulated by pericardium
LOCATION
 Size, Shape and Position

• Base - broad superior

portion of heart
• Apex - inferior end,
tapers to point
• 3.5 in. wide at base,
weighs 10 oz
External Anatomy - Anterior
External Anatomy - Posterior
 Heart Wall
• Epicardium
– membrane covers heart

• Myocardium
– thick muscular layer

• Endocardium
– smooth inner lining
• Muscle tissue layers
- epicardium (visceral
pericardium)
> thin & transparent
- myocardium (cardiac
muscle tissue)
> striated muscle fibers
- endocardium (smooth
endothelial tissue)
Pericardium & Heart Wall

Pericardium

Epicardium

Pericardial cavity contains 5 – 30 ml of

fluid.
Anatomy of the Heart
Operation of Atrioventricular
Valves
Operation of Semilunar Valves
Blood Flow Through Heart
 Valves of the Heart
• R Atrioventricular • L Atrioventricular
– Tricuspid – Mitral
– Heart sounds – Heart sounds
• Pulmonary • Aortic
– Semilunar – Semilunar
– Heart sounds – Heart sounds