CW

Matrix Division
We have seen that for 2x2 (“two by two”)
matrices A and B then AB  BA

To divide matrices we need to define what we

mean by division!
CW

Matrix Division
We have seen that for 2x2 (“two by two”)
matrices A and B then AB  BA

To divide matrices we need to define what we

mean by division!

With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve

ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.
CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.

We first need to define the identity matrix - the

matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is
CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.

We first need to define the identity matrix - the

matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).

The identity 2x2 matrix is

CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.

We first need to define the identity matrix - the

matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).

The identity 2x2 matrix is 
1 0
 0 1 
 
CW
Identity Matrix
With numbers or algebra we use b/a to solve
ax=b. The equivalent in 2x2 matrices is to solve
AX=B where A, B and X are 2x2 matrices.

We first need to define the identity matrix - the

matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).

The identity 2x2 matrix is 
1 0
 0 1 
 
1 0 0
 
The identity 3x3 matrix is  0 1 0
0 0 1
 
CW
Identity Matrix
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).

The identity 2x2 matrix is 1 0

 
0 1
1 0 0
 
The identity 3x3 matrix is  0 1 0
0 0 1
 
In general if X is an mxn matrix then
ImX = XIn = X
CW
Identity Matrix
We first need to define the identity matrix - the
matrix I for which IX = XI = X for all X
(For multiplying number the identity is 1).
1 0
The 2x2 identity matrix (I2) is  
0 1
1 0 0
 
The 3x3 identity matrix (I3)is  0 1 0
0 0 1
 
In general if X is an mxn matrix then
ImX = XIn = X
CW
Inverse Matrix
In numbers, the inverse of 3 is 1/3 = 3-1
In algebra, the inverse of a is 1/a = a-1
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1
CW
Inverse Matrix
In numbers, the inverse of 3 is 1/3 = 3-1
In algebra, the inverse of a is 1/a = a-1
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1

3-1 is defined so that 3x 3-1 = 1

a-1 is defined so that a x a-1 = 1
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = I
CW
Inverse Matrix
In numbers, the inverse of 3 is 1/3 = 3-1
In algebra, the inverse of a is 1/a = a-1
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1

3-1 is defined so that 3 x 3-1 = 3-1 x 3 = 1

a-1 is defined so that a x a-1 = a-1 x a = 1
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I

However, for a square matrix A there is not

always an inverse A-1
CW
Inverse Matrix
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1

A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I

However, for a square matrix A there is not

always an inverse A-1

If A-1 does not exist then the matrix is said to be

singular

If A-1 does exist then the matrix is said to be non-

singular
CW
Inverse Matrix
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1

A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I

If A-1 does not exist then the matrix is said to be

singular

If A-1 does exist then the matrix is said to be non-

singular

A square matrix A has an inverse if, and only if,

A is non-singular.
CW
Inverse Matrix
In matrices, the inverse of A is A-1

A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I

A square matrix A has an inverse if, and only if,

A is non-singular.

If A-1 does exist the the solution to AX=B is

X = A-1 B
CW
Inverse Matrix
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I

If A-1 does exist the the solution to AX=B is

AX = B
Pre-multiply by A-1 A-1AX = A-1B
CW
Inverse Matrix
A-1 is defined so that A A-1 = A-1 A = I

If A-1 does exist the the solution to AX=B is

AX = B
Pre-multiply by A-1 A-1AX = A-1B

But A-1A = I so IX = A-1B

X = A-1B
CW
Inverse Matrix
AX = B
Pre-multiply by A-1 A-1AX = A-1B

But A-1A = I so IX = A-1B

X = A-1B

If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is

A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
CW
Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
 2 0
What is the inverse of A   
 0 3
CW
Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
 2 0
What is the inverse of A   
 0 3

1 x 0
let A   
0 y
CW
Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
 2 1
What is the inverse of B   
 0 3
u v
1
let B    1  3  1
1
 w x B   
6 0 2 
Then solve for u, v, w, x
CW
General Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
a b 
What is the inverse of C   
c d 
CW
General Inverse Matrix
If the inverse of A is A-1 then the inverse of A-1 is
A. This is because if AC = I then CA = I, and
also any matrix inverse is unique.
a b 
What is the inverse of C   
c d 

1 u v
let C   
w x
Then solve for u, v, w, x
CW
General Inverse Matrix
a b  1  u v  1  d  b
C    let C      
c d w x D  c a 
where D ad  bc

au  bw  1  c acu  bcw  c
cu  dw  0  a cau  daw  0
av  bx  0 Subtract :
cv  dx  1 (ad  bc) w  c
CW
General Inverse Matrix
What is the inverse of  1 2  x   1 
     
 3 6  y   3 
 1x  2 y   1 
    
 3x  6 y   3 

1 u v 1x  2 y  1
let C   
w x 3x  6 y  3
Then solve for u, v, w, x