GLOBAL

GLOBAL WARMING
WARMING
Its IMPACT
and SOLUTIONS
 UNDERSTANDING
GLOBAL WARMING
To fully understand what is meant by global warming and climate
change the greenhouse effect must first be understood. The
greenhouse effect is the process where solar radiation (short
wavelength radiation) from the sun reaches the earth’s surface
where it’s converted to heat energy
(long wavelength radiation). The majority of sunlight is absorbed by
the earth’s surface (landmass and water) and warms it, whilst the
rest is reflected by the earth back into space. Polar ice reflects 90%
of solar
radiation back into space, whereas water absorbs 90% of the energy
it receives. In addition, the warm surface of the earth emits long
wavelength radiation (infrared) and this is absorbed by the
greenhouse
gases (a natural as well as manmade part of the earth’s atmosphere
which have the ability
 IMPACTS
OF THE WARMING
• GLOBAL TEMPERATURES WILL INCREASE
FROM 1.1 TO 6.4 DEGREES IN NEXT 100 YEARS
• Rise by 0.8 degrees- ocean warming, arctic ice cap
melting, species extinction , extreme weather
events.
• 1 degree rise- coral reefs destroyed, island
nations under water.
• 2 degree rise- Greenland melts, polar bears
extinct, water supply affected.
Increasing temperatures
• 3 degree rise-
environmental refugees,
food shortage, amazon
collapses
• 4 degree rise- millions of
refugees, 1/3 rd of
bangladesh under water,
permafrost melts releasing
gases
• 5 degree rise- most of the
world uninhabitable, earth
hotter than in 55 million
years
• 6 degree rise- mass
extinction
 We are not passive spectators, but

SAVE OUR active

contestants in the drama of our
existence. We
need to take responsibility for the
PLANET !! kind of life we
create for ourselves
- Nathaniel Branden, Ph.D.
 GLOBAL WARMING
COULD BE WORSE THAN…
• WAR
• FAMINE
• PLAGUE
• GLOBAL NUCLEAR
WAR
 TECHNOLOGIES
AVAILABLE TO CURB
GLOBAL WARMING
• SOLAR ENERGY
• WIND ENERGY
• VERTICAL FARMING
• CLOUD SEEDING
• BLACKLE
• BIO-FUELS
• CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
• ENHANCING CARBON SINKS
• MODIFYING AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
The Solar Power

• Solar Towers can be

constructed to power an
entire city.
• The tower has photo-
sensitive cells on all sides
• The tower is surrounded
by mirrors
• The cost of such towers
is too steep, hence it has
become a challenge for
engineers.
The only technology comparable in
efficiency of conversion of sunlight is the solar engine running on high-temperature
heat, produced by a solar concentrator (a focusing trough or dish). This technology
was commercialized for a brief time not very long ago with the help of subsidies
and will probably return.
 Portable Solar
Chargers
• These small size
chargers are handy
and portable

• They can fit into

your pocket and
charge everything
from mobile phones
to ipods
 Wind Energy

Wind power—growing globally for the past decade

at about 30 percent per year—is playing a
substantial role in several countries, notably
Germany and Denmark.
• The spaces between turbines on land can be used
in many ways, including for agriculture and grazing.
• To be practical for large-scale use in electrical
grids, intermittent renewable energy sources are
best combined with energy storage technologies as
well as energy supply technologies that can
fluctuate in output yet can also operate a large
fraction of the time.
Land between turbines can be used
for agriculture, grazing, and other
purposes.
 Vertical Farms
• With increase in
urbanization arable land is
decreasing quickly
• A Feasible solution for the
future is construction of
vertical farms which will
solve the problem of food
scarcity for under
developed nations and
provide clean air at the
same time
• The construction of such
farms will be a civil
engineering challenge but
its results will be
• phenomenal
Cloud seeding

• A fleet of unmanned , self

propelled vessels crossing
the world’s oceans and
seeding clouds by misting sea
water high into the air has
been proposed to reduce
sunlight and hence global
warming.
• Just a thousand ships like
these (called the albedo
yachts by the designers) will
check temperature rise due
to global CO2 doubling .
• Scientists still have to
determine the side effects
on the rain cycle due to
excess clouds
 BLACKLE
 Blackle is a custom Google search
whose screen is predominantly black.
 Saves fair bit of energy due to its
popularity, 750 Megawatt to be
precise.
 According to the website the site has
saved around 413,523.067 watt hours
till date.
 ‘BLACKLE’
Homepage
CO2 gobbling Plankton

• By adding nutrients like

iron or urea ,or by
pumping deep-sea water
to the ocean surface
,ocean fertilizers could
stimulate CO 2 –
gobbling plankton
blooms ,like the natural
red tides in New
Zealand
 Bio-fuels

• The extra plankton

produced by
artificial means can
be put to good use
due to a new
development in the
technology used for
producing bio-fuels
from algae
 Carbon capture and
storage
• Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a plan to
mitigate climate change by capturing carbon
dioxide (CO2) from large point sources such as
power plants and subsequently storing it away
safely instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.
Technology for capturing of CO2 is already
commercially available for large CO2 emitters,
such as power plants. Storage of CO2, on the
other hand is a relatively untried concept and as
yet (2007) no powerplant operates with a full
carbon capture and storage system.
 Carbon storage
Acid – gas injections in
Alberta, Canada, As a sulfur
disposal strategy co-store
hydrogen sulphide &
carbondioxide.

Studying cement seals in old wells

clarifies risks of CO2 leakage
underground.
 Advantages of carbon
storage
• CCS applied to a modern conventional power plant
could reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by
approximately 80-90% compared to a plant
without CCS.
• Storage of the CO2 is envisaged either in deep
geological formations, deep oceans, or in the form
of mineral carbonates. Geological formations are
currently considered the most promising, and
these are estimated to have a storage capacity of
at least 2000 Gt CO2. IPCC (Inter governmental
Panel on Climate Change) estimates that the
economic potential of CCS could be between 10%
and 55% of the total carbon mitigation effort
until year 2100.
 Carbon storage facility

• At this facility in Algeria, excess CO2 is removed

• from natural gas for injection underground.

 ENHANCED NATURAL
SINKS
• Enhancing natural sinks entails fostering the
biological absorption of carbon and increasing its
storage above and below the ground by, for
example, reducing deforestation, creating new
forest plantations on non-forested land, or
expanding conservation tillage.
• Conversion of natural vegetation annually tilled
cropland has resulted in the loss of more than 50
billion tons of carbon from the world’s soils over
historical time
Natural carbon sinks can be
enhanced by
creating forest plantations, such as
this
pine stand in Angus, Scotland.
 Modifying agricultural
practices
The world could take some
pressure off the energy
system by modifying the
agricultural practices on
nearly one-fifth of all
cropland to bring about
conservation tillage.
It could create 60 million
hectares of sustainable
plantations on nonforested
land and set a new course
to eliminate tropical
deforestation within 50
years.
Replacing burnt-out incandescent bulbs with
fluorescent ones could be one of a handful of
significant beginning steps toward reduced CO2
emissions.
 CONCLUSION
Today we are senselessly exploiting our
resources and enjoying ourselves. This has
to stop. All we have to do is cut down on
our exploitation in all possible ways, live a
simple lifestyle, revert to what Gandhiji
told us almost a hundred years ago, be
sensitive to nature’s needs and remove
from our lives ,everything that is
unnecessary.
Made By:
ASHWINI ZOMAN
QUAID VOHRA
NEPOLIAN WAGHMARE
HRISHIKESH WAYKER
MECHANICAL DEPPT. DIV:F