trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010

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trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010

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 trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010

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trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010

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trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010

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18
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19
trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010
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=uD;jrifhjcif;/ wuUodkvf0ifp ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh t}udK yl;aygif;vmcJhonf? ynma&;awmif;qdkr_rsm;rS wpfqifh
wpfESpf oif=um;&rnfjzpfjcif;/ wuUodkvfaumifpDESifh ygarm jrefrmvlxk. EdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_toGifodk@ ul;ajymif; vmcJh
uQtzGJŒwdk@wGif jyifyvl}uD;rsm; tenf;i,f omyg 0ifjcif;/ =uonf? oydwfwdkufyGJrsm;uvnf; t&Sdefjrifh vmcJhonf?
20
trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010
a&;twGuf OD;aqmif=udK;yrf;olrsm; jzpfvmrnfh AdkvfcsKyf
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tvdkr&Sda=umif; jyoonfhtaejzifh vnf;aumif;/ jrefrmvl =uonf? xdk@tjyif OD;oef@/ a'gufwm barmf/ OD;odef;az jrifh/
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trsKd;om; ynma&;aumifpDvnf; ay:aygufvmcJhonf? 19 rsm;pGmudkvnf; arG;xkwfay;EdkifcJhonf?
21 ckESpfY trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif; ay:aygufvm cJhonf? aumvdyf ausmif;om;}uD;rsm;. trsKd;om;a&;
oydwfausmif;om;rsm;. EdkifiHa&;tawGŒt=uHK pdwf"mwfESifhtwl 1920 jynfhESpftcsdefY &efukefwuUodkvfu
tm;enf;r_/ EdkifiHa&;y&d,m,f r=uG,f0r_rsm;a=umifh yxr xdk;xGufvmcJhonf? 1940jynfhESpfESifh 1950jynfhESpf=um;
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ESpfwGif jAdwdoSs tpdk;&u jyÏmef;xm;aom wuUodkvf tuf vma&mufynmoif,l cJh&onf?
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a&G ; I wif v d k u f a om vl = uD ; rsm;onf jyif y vl } uD ; rsm;
rsm;pGmvnf; ay:xGufvmcJhonf? ordkif;pOfwpfavSsmuf
omjzpf&ef [laomtcsufrsm; yg0ifcJhonf? jzwfoef;cJholwdkif;u xdktcsufudk jiif;qdkEdkifcJhjcif; r&Sday? &ef
jyifqifay;vdkufaom wuUodkvftufOya't& ukefwuUodkvf. ordkif;pmrsufESmrsm;u ,ae@xdwdkif t
jrefrmvli,frsm; ynmoif&ef tcGifhta&;rsm; ydkrdk&&Sdvm a&mifawmufyaeqJ jzpfygonf?
onf? yxr ausmif;om; oydwf.t&Sdefu jrefrmwdkŒ. EdkifiH &efukefwuUodkvfESpf 50 jynfh ESifh 75
a&;Edk;=um;pdwfESifh trsdK;om;a&;pdwfudk Ed_;qGay;EdkifcJhonfhESpfjynfhpdef&wkobifudk cef;em;pGm usif;ycJh=uonf? 2010
enf;wl 'kwd, ausmif;om;oydwf tygt0if jrefrmh vGwf jynfhESpf 'DZifbmv 1 &uf &efukefwuUodkvfjzpfwnfcJhr_ ESpf
vyfa&; }udK;yrf;r_wGif ay:xGef;vmrnfh acgif;aqmifrsm; 90 jynfhcJh+yDjzpfygonf?
vnf; &efukefwuUodkvfrS wpfqifh arG;xkwf ay;EdkifcJhonf?
'kwd, ausmif;om;oydwfu 1936 ckESpfYjzpfcJh
onf? xdkoydwfrS wpfqifh tusKd;&v'ftaejzifh OD;azarmif
wif/ a'gufwmvSzl;ESifh OD;b wdk@rSm yxrjrefrm ausmif;tkyf udk;um;- (1) &efukefwuUodkvf ESpf 50 jynfh pm
}uD;rsm; jzpfvmcJhonf? 'kwd,ausmif; oydwfY *syfqifaum apmif(1970jynfhESpf)/ (2) jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf; (twGJ-11) (3)
vdyf ausmif;om; udkatmifausmf usqHk;cJhonf? ESpfig;q,fwuUodkvf-jrefrmhtoHausmfOD; (1970jynfhESpf)
udkvdkeDacwf &efukefwuUodkvfY ay:aygufcJhaom (4) wuUodkvf rsm;ordkif; (1970 jynfhESpf)
ausmif;om;oydwf rsm;onf wuUodkvftufOya'ESifh ywf http://www.news-eleven.com rSul; ,lazmfjyyg onf
ouf+yD; jzpfay:cJhaom oydwfrsm;jzpf=uonf? oydwftm;
vHk;onf jrefrmvli,frsm;. trsKd;om;a&; pdwf"mwfudk jyqdk
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21
trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010

Charles Tilly's Framework ESihf vlxw

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kd yf JG
vlxkwdkufyGJ (odkŒr[kwf) vlxkawmfvSefa&;awGudk
avhvmoHk;oyfwJhtcgrSm tcsufoHk;csufudk tm&Hkpdkuf avh (2) awmfveS af &;tzGŒJ tpnf; (Revolutionary Or-
vmavh &Sd=uygw,f? yxrtcsufu vlxkwdkufyGJ ay:xGuf ganization)
vm&wJh tajccH ta=umif;&if;awGjzpfwJh jy\emt&if;cH/
twdkuftcHtiftm;/ jy\emt&if;cHtay:rSm twdkuftcH awmf v S e f a &;tzG J Πtpnf ; awG u d k avh v moH k ;
rsm;&JŒ &SKjrifoHk;oyfrSK/ wdkufyGJ qifE$JyHk enf;vrf; pwmawG oyfwJhtcgrSm tzGJŒtpnf;&JŒ a&csdef (degree of organi-
jzpfygw,f? 'kwd, tcsufu awmfvSefa&;oaE<wnfvmwJh zation) udk ueOD;oHk;oyfzdkŒ vdktyfygw,f? tzGJŒtpnf;[m
vlŒtzGJŒtpnf; twGif;u jzpfay:ajymif;vJ wdk;wufrSKawG pkpnf;nDnGwfrSKr&SdyJ wppDjydKuGJaewJh tzGJŒtpnf;vm;/ pepf
jzpfygw,f? wwd,tcsufuawmh vlwOD;wa,muf (odkŒr wus nDnGwfpGm zGJŒpnf;xm;wJh tzGJŒtpnf;vm; qdkwmay:
[kwf) vltkyfpkawG[m tm%mydkifawGudk awmfvSefzdkŒ rlwnfjyD; awmfvSefa&;tay:rSm tusdK;oufa&mufEdkifrSKeJŒ
b,fvdkpka0;aygif;pnf;vmjyD; tzGJŒtpnf;awG/ vSKyf&Sm;rSK xda&mufEdkifrSKawGu uGJjym;jcm;em;ygw,f? tzGJŒtpnf;awG
awGuae vlxkwdkufyGJ=uD;ay:xGufvmvJ qdkwmyJ jzpfyg zGJŒpnf;=u&mrSm common identity ay: rlwnfjyD; tzGJŒ
w,f? tck'aD qmif;yg;rSm 'Dvkd vltyk pf ak wG pkpnf;vmrSKuae tpnf; (Oyrm- ausmif;om;tzGŒJ tpnf;/ trsKd ;orD; tzGŒJ t
vlxkwdkufyGJ=uD;awG jzpfvmwmeJŒ ywfouf+yD; Charles pnf;/ EdkifiHa&;0g'ay: tajccHjyD; zGJŒpnf;xm;wJh tzGJŒtpnf;)
Tilly's Framework udk toHk;jyK wifjyygr,f? zGJŒpnf;avh&Sd=uygw,f?
'ga=umifh tzGJŒtpnf;awG&JŒ a&csdefudk avhvmwJh
Charles Tilly's Framework rSm tydkif; (5) ydkif; tcgrSm catness vdkŒac:wJh degree of common iden-
yg0ifygw,f? tity udk avhvmzdkŒ vdkygw,f? 'gwGifruyJ tzGJŒtpnf; t
wGif;u vlyk*~dKvfawGtcsif;csif;&JΠcsdwfqufrSKeJΠqufEG,frSK
(1) tusdK;pD;yGm; (interests) o¾mefawGudkvJ avhvmzdkŒ vdkygao;w,f? tzGJŒ0ifawG
vltrsm; pkaygif;jyD; tm%mydkifawGudk awmfvSef=u t=um;rS m &J a bmf & J b uf p d w f wnf a qmuf x m;Ed k i f & if
wJhtcgrSm awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawG&JΠtusdK;pD;yGm;u bm awmfvSefa&;twGuf ydkjyD;tusdK;oufa&mufrSK rsm;ygw,f?
awGvJqdkwmudk aocsmazmfxkwfEdkifzdkΠvdktyfygw,f? 'Dvdk 'gudkawmh netness (degree of internal networking) udk
azmfxkwfEdkifrSom bHktusdK;pD;yGm;udk &SmazGjyD; bHk&nf rSef; ynm&Sifrsm;u owfrSwfac:qdkygw,f? catness eJΠnet
csuf/ vkyfief;pOfawGudk csrSwfEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk&Sm azG ness ay:rSm rlwnfjyD; tzGJŒtpnf;&JŒ vSKyf&Sm;rSKawG ay:
azmfxkwfwJhtcgrSm a&wdktusdK;pD;yGm;eJŒ a&&SnftusdK; pD; xGufvmygw,f? a&csdefjrifhwJh tzGJŒtpnf;awGu vSKyf&Sm;
yGm; ESpfrsdK;pvHk;udk avhvmzdkŒ vdkygw,f? wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ rSKtm;aumif;jyD;/ a&csdefedrfhwJh tzGJŒtpnf;awGu vSKyf&Sm;
tk y f p k v d k u f t usd K ;pD ; yG m ;eJ Πacgif ; aqmif a wG & J ΠwOD ; csif ;
rSKtm;avsmhaewwfygw,f?
tusdK;pD;yGm;awGudk avhvmazmfxkwfjyD; tkyfpkvdkuf tm;jydKif
rSKawG jzpfyGm;&wJh tajccH ta=umif;&if;rsm;eJΠudk,fusdK;&Sm (3) vSKyf&Sm;rSK (Mobilization)
rSKrsm;udk avhvmzdkŒ vdkygw,f? odkŒrSom uGJjym;jcm;em;wJh tkyfpkzGJŒvSKyf&Sm;rSKrSm yHkpHoHk;rsdK;&Sdygw,f? yxrw
wOD;csif; tusdK;pD;yGm;/ tkyfpkvdkuf tusdK;pD;yGm;/ awmfvSefa&; rsdK;u ckcHumuG,fa&; vSKyf&Sm;rSK (defensive mobiliza-
tusdK;pD;yGm;/ wdkif;jynf&JŒ tusdK;pD;yGm;awGt=um;rSm bHkt tion) jzpfygw,f? jyifyu wdkufcdkufrSK (odkŒr[kwf) tm%m
usdK;pD;yGm;udk &SmazGEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f? 'DvdkeJΠbHktusdK; pD;yGm; &SifawG&JΠrw&m;zdESdyfapmfum;vmrSK (threats) awGudk
udk &SmazGawGŒ&SdvmwJh tkyfpkawG/ vlyk*~dKvfawG t=um;rSm ckcHumuG,fzdkŒ vltrsm;pkpnf;vmjyD;/ acgif;aqmifawG ay:
pkpnf;rSK &SdvmwJhtcg awmfvSefa&; tzGJŒtpnf; awG ay: xGufvmwmjzpfygw,f? 'DvdktkyfpkzGJŒvSKyf&Sm;rSKudk bottom-
xGufvmygw,f? up approach vd k Πowf r S w f = uygw,f ? vS K yf & S m ;rS K u
22
trSwfpOf-118
ueOD;pwifjyD;rS acgif;aqmifu vSKyf&Sm;rSKuae ay:xGuf
vmwmrsdK;yg?
'kwd,wrsdK;u wdkufcdkufa&;vSKyf&Sm;rSK (offensive
mobilization) jzpf y gw,f ? awmf v S e f a &; twG u f
tcGifhtvrf;awGudk acgif;aqmifawGu &SmazGjyD; awmfvSef
a&;qifE$Jwm jzpfygw,f? yrmqdk&&if jrefrmjynf&JΠvGwfvyf
a&;vS K yf & S m ;rS K wk e f ; u t*F v d y f t cuf / Armh t csuf v d k Œ
a=uG;a=umfjyD; e,fcsJŒqefŒusifa&;udk t&SdefjrSifhcJh=uygw,f?
'g[m wd k u f c d k u f a &;vS K yf & S m ;rS K Oyrmwck yJ jzpf y gw,f ?
'DvdkvSKyf&Sm;rSKawGudk top-down approac h vdkΠowf rSwf
=uygw,f? acgif;aqmifawGu OD;aqmifjyD; vSKyf&Sm;rSKudk ac:
aqmif&wm jzpfygw,f?
wwd,wrsdK;uawmh =udKwifjyifqifa&; vSKyf&Sm;rSK
(preparatory mobilization) jzpf y gw,f ? 'guawmh
tm%mydkifwdkŒ&JŒ tajctaeudk apmifh=unfhtuJcwfjyD; &
vmr,fh awmfvSefa&; tcGifhtvrf;awGudk trdt& qkyf
ud k i f t oH k ; jyKEd k i f z d k Π=ud K wif j yif q if x m;&wJ h vS K yf & S m ;
rSKjzpfygw,f? ajratmuf,l*sD uGef,ufwnf aqmufa&;
vSKyf&Sm;rSK/ wyfaygif;pk azmfaqmifa&; vSKyf&Sm;rSKawG[m =udK
wifjyifqifa&; vSKyf&Sm;rSKawGyJ jzpfygw,f?
(4) awmfvSefa&;tcGifhtvrf; (opportunity)
awmfvSefa&;tcGifhtvrf; ay:xGufrSK[m awmf
vSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;eJΠEdkifiHawmft=um;u qufEG,frSK
awGay:rSm trsm;=uD; rlwnfygw,f? tkyfpkawGt=um;rSm
bHktusdK;pD;yGm;awG &SmazGawGŒ&SdvmjyD; awmfvSefa&; tzGJŒ
tpnf;awG ay:xGufvmwJhtcg/ awmfvSefa&;vSKyf&Sm;rSKawG
pwifvmwJhtcg EdkifiHawmfrSm a&G;cs,fp&m enf;vrf;av;ck
&Sdygw,f? zdESdyfrSK/ twdkif;twm wcktxd vdkufavsmquf
qHrSK/ nSdESdKif;aqG;aEG;rSKeJΠESdrfeif;rSKawG jzpfygw,f?
tpdk;& trsm;pkuawmh awmfvSefa&;tzGJΠtpnf;
awG ay:xGufvmrSKawGudk apmifh=unfhavhvmrSK vdkufavsm
qufqHrSKeJΠzdESdyfrSKawGvkyfavh&SdjyD;/ vSKyf&Sm;rSKjzpfvmwJh
tcgusrS ESdrfeif;rSKawG vkyfavh&Sdygw,f? 'Dvdk EdkifiHawmf&JŒ
wkefŒjyefrSKawGay:rSm rlwnfjyD; awmfvSefa&;tcGifhaumif;
awG ay:xG u f v mwwf w ma=umif h tcG i f h a umif ; awG u d k
tcsdeftcgeJŒtnD rdrd&& qkyfudkif toHk;jyKwwfzdkŒ vdktyf
ygw,f?
awmfvSefa&; tcGifhtvrf;awGeJΠywfoufjyD; xnfh
oGif;pOf;pm;zdkΠvdktyfcsufwckuawmh tcGifhtvrf;udk toHk;
jyKjcif;a=umifh &vmr,fh tusdK;aus;Zl;awGeJΠqHk;&SHK;rSKawGudk
csd e f q Ed k i f r S K yJ jzpf y gw,f ? awmf v S e f a &;tif t m;pk a cgif ;
23
'DZifbm -2010
aqmifawG[m rdkuf&l;&J xif&mpdkif; vkyfaeolawG rjzpf&yg
bl;? tcsdeftcg/ tajctaeudk &SKjrifoHk;oyfjyD; vlxka&csdef/
awmfvSefa&;a&csdef/ tzGJŒtpnf;a&csdefudk qef;ppfEdkifolrsm;
jzpf&ygr,f?
(5) vlxkawmfvSefa&; (odkŒr[kwf) vlxkwdkufyGJ
vlxkwdkufyGJqdkwm vrf;ay:xGufjyD; vltrsm;pk a0;
=u/ w&m;a[m=uwmudkwif qdkvdkwm r[kwfygbl;? vlxk
wdkufyGJrSm &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif &Sd&ygr,f? vltrsm;pk a0;jyD;
wdkufyGJwckudk azmfaqmifwmrSm wdkufyGJ&JΠA[dkcsufr &Sd&yg
r,f? 'DwdkufyGJ[m bmudkOD;wnfwdkufwmvJ/ wdkufyGJ&JŒ
atmifjrifrSK&v'fu bmvJqdkwm odzdkΠvdkygw,f? tpdk;&
jyKwfusa&;vm;/ tpdk;&udk tiftm;jyjyD; aqG;aEG;nSdESdKif; vm
atmif jyKvkyfa&;vm;/ tpdk;&udk jzKwfcsjyD; tpdk;&opfwckeJŒ
tpm;xdk;a&;vm;qdkwm &Sif;vif;zdkΠvdkygw,f? 'Dvdk wduswJh
&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif r&Sd&if wdkufyGJr&Sdwmu ydkaumif;yg
w,f?
ed*Hk;
vlxkwdkufyGJqifE$JzdkŒtwGuf awmfvSefa&;tiftm;
pkawG pkpnf;vmrSK/ awmfvSefa&;tzGJŒtpnf;rsm; ay:xGuf
vmrS K / vS K yf & S m ;rS K rsm; pwif v mrS K awG u d k avh v moH k ;
oyf=u&mrSm okawoe ynm&Sif trsm;tjym;u Charles
Tilly's Framework udk toHk;jyKavh&Sd=uygw,f? vlxk
wdkufyGJr[mAsL[m a&;qGJtaumiftxnfazmfrSKawG rSmvJ
Charles Tilly's Framework udk toHk;jyKjyD; vdktyfr,fh
vkyfief;pOfawG/ awmfvSefa&; tcGifhtvrf;awGudk azmfxkwf
jznfhqnf; EdkifwJhtwGuf urBmw0Srf;u awmfvSefa&;rsm;rSm
toHk;jyKae=uyga=umif; a&;om;wifjytyfygw,f?
cifrrrsdK;
(17/ 12/ 2010)
&nfn$ef;udk;um;
Cohan, A. S. (1975) Theories of Revolutions:
An Introduction, New York, John Wiley and
SonsOlson, M. (1965) The Logic of Collective
action, Cambridge, Harvard University Press
Tilly, C. (1978) From mobilization to Revolu-
tion, New York, McGraw Hill
trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010

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24
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25
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26
trSwfpOf-118 'DZifbm -2010
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35
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36
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38
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ÐtdEdN,EdkifiH (e,l;a'vD)-- udk&J&ifhatmif (91-92-1330-3335)e-mail : yeyintaung@gmail.com
Ðxdkif;EdkifiH (rJaqmuf+rdK@)-- udkvGrf;%D (66-8-4547-4295) e-mail : mglwanni@gmail.com
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45
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46
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47
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