10.

2 Vectors in the Plane

Vector Component Form

If v is a vector in the plane equal to the vector with intitial point H0, 0L and terminal point Hv1 , v2 L, then
the component form of v is v = < v1 , v2 >

Vector Equality
Vectors are equal if they have the same length and direction.

Vector Magnitude
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The magnitude HlengthL of the the vector v = < v1 , v2 > is » v » = Hv1 L2 + Hv2 L2

Dot Product
u ◊ v = » u »» v » cos q = u1 v1 + u2 v2 Hwhere q is the angle between the two vectorsL

Angle Between Two Vectors

The angle between two vectors u = < u1 , u2 > and v = < v1 , v2 > is given by
i u◊v y i u1 v1 + u2 v2 y
q = cos-1 jj ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ zz = cos-1 jj ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ zz
k » u »» v » { k » u »» v » {

For problems 1 - 4, let u = < 4, -3 > and v = < -3, 5 > . Find the HaL component form and
HbL magnitude of the vector.

1. u-v 2. 3u + 2v

1 3
3. 4v-u 4. ÄÄÄÄÄ v - ÄÄÄÄÄ u
2 2
For problems 5 - 7, find the component form of the vector.

The sum of AB and CD where A = H0, -2L, B = H-3, 5L, C = H6, -1L, and D = H-4, 2L.
--> -->
5.

The unit vector with the same direction as PQ, where P = H-2, 1L, and Q = H3, -3L.
-->
6.

7. The unit vector obtained by rotating the vector < 0, 1 > 150° in a counterclockwise direction, about the origin.

For problems 8 and 9, find the unit vectors Hfour of themL that are tangent and normal to the curve at the
given point.

x = ln Ht - 1L,
-p
8. y = t - 1, and t = 3 9. x = 2 sin t, y = 2 cos t, and t = ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
4