Abstract The core loss can be calculated by entering the K1 coef-
As power supply output current requirements continue ficient and the frequency and flux density exponents, to increase, it is important for the design engineer to which are unique to each core material. pay close attention to inductor power losses and their affect on overall power supply efficiency. This paper Pdcr introduces the basic formulas to determine the approxi- The wire loss caused by dc resistance is easy to calcu- mate inductor power losses. late. It is defined by this basic formula: Pdcr (W) = Irms2 × DCR Introduction Where: The demand for an improvement in power supply effi- Irms = The rms value of the peak current applied to ciency, and therefore, inductor efficiency has increased the inductor quite rapidly. This demand has come as a result of an DCR = The dc resistance of the inductor increase in power supply output current. At the same time, there has been a renewed effort to reduce the Pacr amount of heat that power supplies have to dissipate, The wire loss caused by ac resistance is more difficult which has a direct effect on overall power supply effi- to calculate since ac winding resistance values are not ciency. The reduction in heat creation is especially always readily available from magnetics vendors. Pacr is important to laptop users. Since heat creation and defined by the following formula: inductor power loss are directly related, it is extremely Pacr (W) = Irms2 × ACR important to reduce inductor power losses. To reduce these losses, it is necessary to understand where the Where: they come from. Irms = The rms value of the peak-peak ripple current applied to the inductor Inductor Power Loss ACR = The ac resistance of the inductor The power loss of an inductor is defined by the basic The inductor power loss information can be often be formula: provided by inductor suppliers for most of their prod- PlossInductor = Pcore + Pdcr + Pacr ucts. In an effort to speed up the design process for engineers using inductors, Coilcraft has developed a Each component of this formula is discussed below. calculator for estimating inductor core and winding loss. Pcore The calculator is based on the formula: The calculated and/or measured core loss is often PlossInductor = Pcore + Pdcr + Pacr directly provided by the inductor supplier. If not, a formula can be used to calculate the core loss. Measur- Conclusion ing core loss and getting repeatable results can be a This paper has introduced the basic formulas used in tedious task depending on the test frequency. A gen- determining inductor power loss. It also discussed the eral form of the core loss formula for ferrite cores is: importance of knowing where inductor power losses come from in order to reduce heat creation and thus Pcore (mW) = K1f x B y × Ve improve overall efficiency. Where: For a more thorough discussion on ac losses refer to: K1 = Constant for core material Document 470-1, titled Inductor Performance in High f = Frequency in kHz Frequency DC-DC Converters: Understanding AC B = Peak Flux Density in kGauss losses. x = Frequency exponent y = Flux Density exponent Ve = Effective core volume (cm3)