Causes of Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly & Hepatosplenomegaly

Causes Hepatomegaly HepatoSplenomegaly Splenomegaly

Infection 1. Congenital: CMV, Rubella, Acute viral hepatitis, Viral
Toxoplasma IM, CMV Bacterial
2. Viral: EBV, CMV, IM Parasites eg. Malaria,
3. Bacterial: Septicemia, IE, leishmania
thyphoid IE
4. Parasite: Malaria
Hematological Hemolytic dz of newborn, Hemolytic anaemia,
Sickle cell anemia, sickle cell anemia,
Thalassemia. Spherocytosis, thalassemia,
spherocytosis
Metabolic Glycogen & lipid storage d/o: Gaucher’s disease Gaucher’s disease
Galactosemia,
mucopolysaccharidoses,
Reye’s syndrome , a1-
antitripsin deficiency,
Wilson’s dz,
Goucher’s dz
Malignancy Leukaemia, lymphoma, Lymphoma, leukemia Leukaemia (CML),
neuroblastoma, Wilm’s tumor, (ALL) pernicious lymphocytic lymphoma,
hepatoblastoma anemia, sickle cell myelofibrosis
anemia
Liver Chronic hepatitis, portal HPT: Chronic liver disease Portal HPT,
Budd Chiari, polycystic dz, with portal HPT,
neonatal hepatitis syndrome
eg: biliary atresia
CVS Heart failure
Autoimmune SLE systemic juvenile
arthritis (Still’s dz), SLE
Hepatomegaly:

 Located at right hypochondrium & enlarges towards RIF

 Cannot get above it
 Not ballotable
 Dull to percussion
 Moves with respiration
 Smooth margin

Splenomegaly:

 Located in left hypochondrium along the direction of enlargement

 Cannot get above it
 Not ballotable
 Dull to percussionMoves with respiration
 A splenic notch may be felt along the medial margin