Epidemiology & Control of

Influenza A (H₁N₁) Infection

 Swine Influenza A(H1N1)
Transmission Through Species

Human Virus
Human Virus

Avian Virus
Avian Virus

Avian/Human
Avian/Human
Reassorted Virus
Reassorted Virus

Swine Virus
Swine Virus

Reassortment in Pigs
 Flu pandemic in last 100 yrs
Pandemic Year Subtype of Deaths Case fatality
influenza A (millions) rate
Sapnish flu 1918-19 H1N1 50 >2.5%
Asian flu 1957 H2N2 2 <0.1%
Hongkong flu 1968-69 H3N2 1 <0.1%

Other pandemics
Pseudo pandemic of 1947
1976 swine flu outbreak
1977 Russian flu
SARS
H5N1
 Transmission to Humans

• Contact with infected pigs or

environments contaminated with
swine flu viruses
• Contact with a person with swine flu

• Human-to-human spread
 Places of transmission
• Families
• Medical establishments
• Schools
• Other Public gatherings like market shopping
malls etc.
• Travelling in close contacts
Preventive Measures
 Vaccines
• Vaccination is the best method of prevention
• KILLED VACCINE from 1950
• Newer vaccines
 Deferment measures
• Issue travel alert and travel warning

• Strengthen temperature screening at all ports of

entry, paying special attention to travellers from
affected areas
 TREATMENT
1.OSELTAMIVIR

2.SUPPORTIVE THERAPY :
- IV Fluids.
- Oxygen therapy/ ventilatory support.
- Antibiotics for secondary infection
- Drink plenty of fluids
• Adult patients should be discharged 7 days
after symptoms have subsided.

• Children should be discharged 14 days after

symptoms have subsided.

• Health educaton
 PROTECTION
• In camps
• Others in home
• Care giver
• Large gatherings
• Face mask and respirators
• Pregnant and nursing mothers
• Household Cleaning, Laundry, and Waste
Disposal
 SAFETY MEASURES FOR SELF

• Wash hands frequently

• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue

when coughing or sneezing.

• Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth

 SAFETY MEASURES FOR SELF

• People who are sick with an influenza-like

illness (ILI) should stay home and minimize
contact with others.

• Avoid close contact (i.e. being within about 6

feet) with persons with ILI.