En 471

Jay Instruments & Systems Pvt. Ltd.
1
Colour and Textile Products
Manish Kapadia
Let us review Chief Manager
EN 471 JISL Mumbai
Colour Control of High Visibility
Protective Clothing with reference INDIA
to EN471 Euro norm

EN 471 basics
Establishes requirements:
• Color and minimum areas for retro reflective
and background materials.
• Minimum washing cycles
• Cites test methods for materials
• Retro reflective materials should be placed to
ensure overall visibility of human form, of the
wearer.
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EN471 Basics
• High visibility warning clothing should
posses following requirements of EN 471
• Colours within specified colour range
• Minimum luminous density factor
– Fastness to light
– Colour fastness: abrasion resistance, fastness to
perspiration, washing cycles, dry cleaning,
hypochlorides, and ironing
• Dimensional change
• Maximum tensile strength / bursting strength
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EN 471 basics
Performance Requirements of Materials
• Color
• Retro reflection-night
• Fluorescence-day
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EN 471 Terms
• Fluorescent material: material that re-emits
optical radiation at wavelengths longer than
absorbed; used as Background material
• Retro reflective material: material that
reflects the light emitted by a light source
back to that source
• Combined material: material with combined
fluorescent and retro reflective properties.
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Overview of Garment Classes
Performance Class 3:
• For use in most severe environments
• Offers the greatest amount of fluorescent and
reflective coverage
• For moderately severe environments
• Balance of fluorescent and reflective materials
• For low-risk environments
• Lowest levels of fluorescent and reflective materials
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Overview of Garment Classes
Employers have to choose the Class severity.
(EN471 doesn't directly specify the same)
Garment Selection should focus on

Risk Exposure Assessment
• Task load
• Nature of the work
• Color and complexity of the work
• Environment
• Lighting
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Factors deciding Garment Classes
• Speed of Traffic through the Work zone
• Amount of Traffic through the Work zone
• Time of Day
• Is the work taking place during the day or night?
• “Background Clutter” in the Work zone
• Amount of Activity in the Work zone
• Other construction vehicles, etc.
• Type of Activity the Worker is Performing
• Where is the worker’s attention?
• Towards on-coming traffic or the task at hand?
• Location of Work
• Proximity to traffic and other construction vehicles
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Classification- class 1:
• Class 1:
• parking lot attendants,
• people retrieving shopping carts from parking
areas,
• workers exposed to the hazards of warehouse
equipment traffic and roadside
• sidewalk maintenance workers
• some delivery vehicle drivers..
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• background material: > 0.14 m²

• retro reflective material: > 0.10 m²
or
• combined material: > 0.20 m²
These figures are specified by EN471
• For workers in occupations that permit full and undivided

attention to approaching traffic; when backgrounds are not
complex; when workers on foot are separated from traffic;
and, when vehicles are moving at speeds not exceeding 25
mph.
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• For workers who require greater visibility

under inclement weather conditions; when
backgrounds are not complex; and, when
tasks divert attention from approaching
vehicle traffic.
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Examples
• forestry operations
• ship cargo loading operations
• roadway construction workers
• utility workers
• survey crews
• railway workers
• school crossing guards in traffic
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Yellow orange fluorescence in Daytime
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Retro-reflective material shines in night
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Classification- class 2: continued
•Delivery vehicle drivers
•High-volume parking and/or toll gate personnel
•Airport baggage handlers/ground crew
•Emergency response personnel,
•Law enforcement personnel
•Trash collection and recycling
•Operations accident site investigators
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• Roadway construction personnel and flaggers, utility
workers, survey crews, and emergency response
personnel, vehicle assistance
• Anyone who has a high task load and is in close proximity
to moving equipment or traffic at high speeds
• Work Occurs at Night
• Worker’s Attention is Diverted from On-Coming Traffic
and Surrounding Environment
• “Cluttered” Work Zone with High Levels of Activity
• Worker must be Visible from All Angles and Identifiable as
a Person
• Worker has no separation between them and traffic
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Optional Criteria
Identification
Fire: red, Police: blue, EMS: green
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• For workers on foot and vehicle operators whose

high task loads place them in danger; when the
wearer must be conspicuous through the full range
of body motions at a minimum of 390 m (1,280 ft);
and, when the wearer must be identified as a
person.
Traffic speed > 50 miles per hour.(Not specified in EN)
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Design Specs of garments
-Retro reflective bands shall be at least 50 mm large (30
mm for safety harnesses)
-Closure systems must not interrupt the background or retro
reflective material by more than 50 mm
-Number and position of retro reflective bands:
- Coveralls: 2 horizontal bands around the torso; 2 bands

on the sleeves on the same height as on the torso; 2 bands
on the trouser legs
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Design specs of garments
jackets, waistcoats:
-2 horizontal bands around the torso and around
the sleeves at the same height
- or 2 horizontal bands around the torso and

around the sleeves at the same height plus a
vertical band over each shoulder, reaching to
the uppermost torso band
- or 1 horizontal band around the torso plus a

vertical band over each shoulder; 2 horizontal
bands around the sleeves
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Design specs of garments
Other requirements for the background material

- dimensional stability (< 3 % shrinkage)
- mechanical strength
- impermeability to water (ENV 343)
- water vapor permeability (ENV 343)
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Design of garments
Size Designation
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Design of garments
Documentation Information for the user
- To be provided by the manufacturer in

at least the official language(s) of the
country of use; precise and
understandable for the user.
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Documentation Information Content
• Name and address of manufacturer or his authorized representative
• Name and reference of the product
• Reference to the relevant product standard
• Explanation of pictograms and of the performance levels obtained
• Instructions for use, e.g. safety checks before use, specific area of use
and limitations of use (time of wear in specific conditions), storage and
maintenance instructions, instructions for cleaning and disinfection, the
maximum of cleaning cycles without impairment of the performance
level etc.
• Packaging instructions for transport
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Documentation Information Content
Pictogram
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Design specs of garments- Color
The chromaticity and the luminance factor are specified for the
following 3 colors:
- fluorescent yellow
- fluorescent orange-red
-fluorescent red
The color shall be measured in accordance with the

procedures defined in CIE publication No. 15.2, using an
instrument with polychromatic illumination (CIE D65 illuminant).
The instrument shall have a 45/0 illuminating and viewing
geometry. The color coordinates shall be determined using
CIE standard illuminant D65 and 2° standard observer (=CIE
1931 standard colorimetric observer).
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Instruments used for color
Use of Konica Minolta Japan-make CM
2500c 45/0 reflectance
spectrophotometer with Konica Minolta
SpectraMagic NX software with PC-
Windows XP
&
Retro-reflectance meter from Zehntner,
Switzerland
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SAMPLE REPORT : ATIRA
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Color
No other colors are allowed as background
material.
The requirement shall also be met after an

artificial weathering test (UV radiation).
Color fastness shall also be guaranteed

against rubbing, perspiration, washing, dry
cleaning, hot pressing and bleaching.
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Requirements for retro reflective material
•New materials shall meet minimum reflectance

criteria
•Minimum criteria are also set after a number of

test exposures:
abrasion, flexing, folding at low temperature,

temperature variation, washing, dry cleaning, &
influence of rainfall (Running water tests)
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WHY HIGH VISIBILITY?
More than 30% of all fatalities at work in the EU are associated with
moving vehicles (Source “Accidents at Work in the EU” Eurostat, Statistics in Focus – theme 3 – 4/2000).
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Why High Visibility ?
High visibility garment makes the wearer conspicuous at all
angles during both day and night as well as periods of poor
visibility.
This is achieved by 'contrast'. In daytime this is achieved with

colour contrast - the fluorescent component fabric standing
out against the background scene.
To achieve optimum colour contrast, a significant amount of

background material must be incorporated. (Ref: EN471)
.
During night time or conditions of poor visibility, colour
contrast cannot be seen. What is needed is 'luminance
contrast', commonly known as brightness contrast. This is
achieved by the use of retro reflective materials.
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Retro-reflectance Meter
Retroreflection is a special
kind of reflection where the
light is reflected back
toward the source
(headlight) but spreading
out into a very narrow
cone.
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LEVEL 2
LEVEL 1
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Model ZRW 5070 R’
Illumination angle β + 5°
Observation angle α 0.20°
Light source Halogen lamp with stabilized luminous intensity (x 2).
Measuring Censor According to V (λ )
Measuring range R’= 0 to 2’000 cd.m-2 .lx-1
Data Memory 1000 measurements
Display LCD display
Accumulator 8 NiCd batteries
Dimension (L x W xH) 280 x85 x 250 mm.
Weight 1.70 kg
Standards DIN EN 471 Warning clothing
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ATIRA : Konica Minolta s/w SpectraMagic screen with CM2500c for EN471
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SAMPLE REPORT : ATIRA
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Various Values-report
• Beta β= Y/100 for each sample. it indicates the overall brightness
of the
sample.
• Higher the β, the brighter the sample. So it should be higher.
• Also, the criteria is that tone should not be out of context. That is
the
reason of limit values for each shade. (The Quadrilateral)
• The moment you fill up the columns, x,y & Y for each sample, the
graphs ,
β can be calculated automatically.
• EN-471 base also gives these values for Red, Orange, yellow etc.
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EN-471 :
Visibility from a safe

braking distance is key to
safety & protection.
•
THANK YOU
Manish Kapadia.
50

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Jay Instruments & Systems Pvt. Ltd.

Colour and Textile Products

Garment Selection should focus on

• background material: > 0.14 m²

These figures are specified by EN471

• For workers in occupations that permit full and undivided

• background material: > 0.5 m²

• For workers who require greater visibility

•Delivery vehicle drivers

•High-volume parking and/or toll gate personnel

•Airport baggage handlers/ground crew

•Emergency response personnel,

•Law enforcement personnel

•Trash collection and recycling

•Operations accident site investigators

• For workers on foot and vehicle operators whose

-Number and position of retro reflective bands:

- Coveralls: 2 horizontal bands around the torso; 2 bands

- or 2 horizontal bands around the torso and

- or 1 horizontal band around the torso plus a

Other requirements for the background material

Documentation Information for the user

- To be provided by the manufacturer in

• Name and reference of the product

• Reference to the relevant product standard

• Explanation of pictograms and of the performance levels obtained

• Packaging instructions for transport

The color shall be measured in accordance with the

The requirement shall also be met after an

Color fastness shall also be guaranteed

•New materials shall meet minimum reflectance

•Minimum criteria are also set after a number of

abrasion, flexing, folding at low temperature,

This is achieved by 'contrast'. In daytime this is achieved with

To achieve optimum colour contrast, a significant amount of

• Higher the β, the brighter the sample. So it should be higher.

Visibility from a safe

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