Property Tables

Water Tables
Refrigerant Tables

Properties of Pure Substances

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 Properties of Pure Substances

A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout

is called a pure substance. A mixture of two or more phases of
a pure substance is still a pure substance as long as the
chemical composition of all phases is the same.
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 Phases of a Pure Substance
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas

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Phase Change Processes of Pure Substances
Example is Water

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Constant Pressure Phase Change Process on T-v Diagram

1-2 Sensible Heat

2-4 Latent Heat of vaporization
4 - Sensible Heat
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 Saturation Temperature – Saturation Pressure
At a given pressure the temperature at which a substance begins to change phase
from a liquid to a vapour is called the Saturation Temperature.

At a given temperature the pressure at which a substance begins to change phase

from a liquid to a vapour is called the Saturation Pressure.

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Property Diagrams – T-v Diagram

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Property Diagrams – T-v Diagram
Temperature – Volume Diagram

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Property Diagrams – P-v Diagram
Pressure – Volume Diagram

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Property Tables

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Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapour States

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Example 1

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Example 2

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 Saturated Liquid – Vapour Mixture
Quality or Dryness Fraction: Is the mass of vapour relative to the total mass. It is
denoted by the letter x.

mv apour
Quality x
mtotal
vavg vf xv fg
u avg uf xu fg
havg hf xh fg
savg sf xs fg

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Example 3

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Example 4

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Superheated Vapour

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Example Superheated Vapour

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Compressed Liquids / Sub cooled Liquids

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Reference State

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Example

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 Pressure – Enthalpy Diagram
The P-h diagram is extensively used by refrigeration
engineers to plot and analyse the vapour
compression refrigeration cycle.

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Pressure – Enthalpy Diagram

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Temperature – Entropy Diagram
T- s Diagram

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Enthalpy – Entropy Diagram
h – s diagram

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