MORTAR JOINT

5 TYPES OF MORTAR JOINT:

1. CONCAVE JOINT
2. V-JOINT
3. FLUSH JOINT
4. RAKED JOINT
5. EXTRUDED JOINT

Concave joint V-joint Flush joint Raked joint Extruded joint

PATTERN BOND / BRICK DESIGN:

1. STACK DESIGN

2. RUNNING BOND

3. COMMOND BOND

• Stack bond

• Running bond

• Common bond
 ARRANGEMENT OF BRICKS:

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WALLS
• Wall is a continuous vertical structure of brick,
stone, concrete, timber or metal, which enclosed and
 protect a building or to divide the building into
compartments or rooms
• Walls are defined as external or internal to
differentiate functional requirements, and as load-
bearing or non-load bearing to differentiate structural
requirements.
• Load bearing walls are those that carry the loads
of floors and roofs and their own weight.
• Non-load bearing those that carry only their own
weight.

Types of Walls
• There are two(2) types of walls:-
1.) Solid
2.) Framed
• A solid wall sometimes called a masonry walls is
constructed either by bricks, burned clay or
blocks of stone or concrete laid in mortar with the
blocks laid to overlap in some form of what called
bonding.
 • A framed wall is constructed from a frame of
small sections of timber, concrete or metal joined
together to provide strength, over both faces, or
between the members of the frame are fixed thin
panels of some material to fulfill the functional
requirement of the wall ( See related figure).
• Each of the 2 types may serve as internal or
external wall or as load-bearing or non load
bearing wall.

Functional Requirements
• The function of a wall is to enclose and protect a
building or divide space within. The functional
requirements are:-
1.) Strength and stability
2.) Resistance to weather and ground moisture
3.) Durability and freedom from maintenance
4.) Fire resistance
5.) Resistance to heat

• Strength and stability

 - The strength of materials used in
construction is determined by the strength of
a material in resisting compressive and
tensile stress.
- The stability of the wall may be affected by
foundation movement.
• Resistance to weather and ground
moisture
- Wall should adequately resist the passage of
moisture to the inside of the building.
- Moisture may penetrate a wall by absorption
of water from the ground that is in contact
with foundation walls or through rain falling
on the wall.
• Durability and freedom from
maintenance
- The durability of wall is indicated by the
frequency and extent of the work necessary
to maintain minimum functional requirement.

• Fire-resistance
 - Fire of building generally starts from a small
source of ignition, which lead to the spread
of fire.
- The spread of fire over a surface can be
restricted by provisions for the surface
material to have low rates of surface spread
of flame.
- The spread of fire can also be restricted by
compartment of the spaces ie: separating
wall etc.
• Resistance to heat
- To maintain reasonable conditions of thermal
comfort in buildings, the exposed part
(walls) should provide a minimum resistance
to the heat transfer.
BRICKS AND BLOCKS WALLS
Principle of brick bonding
• The majority of walls of small buildings are built
as walls of bricks or blocks.
• In building a wall of bricks or blocks it is usual to
lay the bricks in some regular pattern.
• The bricks are said to be bonded, meaning they
bind together by being laid across each other.
• Bricks are bonded to give maximum strength and
adequate distribution of loads over the wall.
• Bonded walls provide lateral stability and
resistance to side trust and the bond can be
selected to give an attractive appearance to the
wall face
• The bond is achieved by bricks in one course
overlapping those in the course below.