PARTS OF SPEECH

Verbs
1. Nouns > Show action
2. Verbs > Regular Verb
3. Adjectives  No changes of the base form in
4. Adverbs the past tense
5. Pronouns  The word “-ed” is used
6. Prepositions  Example: 1) cook – cooked
7. Conjunctions 2) play – played
8. Articles > Irregular verb
 Changes in the base form
 Example: 1) write – wrote
Categories of Words 2) see – saw
> To understand parts of speech 3) catch - caught
> Similar things of a group
> Example: a) Colours Adjectives
b) Water sources > Words to clarify a noun
c) Languages > Can be one word / a group of words
d) Footwear > Used to describe:
e) Technology Gadgets - colour, material, shape, size,
amount, price, quality, origin,
personality, weight, temperature,
Nouns age, direction, etc.
> Common Nouns – book, bird, wall
> Proper Nouns – Michelle, Washington > Comparative Adjectives
> Abstract Nouns – friendship, anger  To compare two subjects
> Collective Nouns – a swarm of bees  …-er than, more….than
> Countable & Uncountable Nouns
- one chair, two apples > Superlative Adjectives
- a bottle of ink  To show the greatest
- a pinch of salt  the…-est, the most…
Adverbs
> Describe the actions.
 quickly , carefully, slowly
> Give information about the time, place
and manner of the action
 yesterday, here, well
> Most adverbs have “-ly” at the end
Pronouns
> Personal Pronouns
- he, they, him, them, it, she, her
> Possessive Pronouns
- mine, his, yours, theirs, ours .
Prepositions
> Place / Position - under, against,behind,
beside
> Direction - across, towards, around, into
> Time – after, before, during, since,
within, for
> Purpose - for
Conjunctions
> Joining 2 ideas – and, also, as well as
> Show contrast – but, however, although
> Show reason – because, as, for, since
> Express a similar idea – both…and,
neither…nor,
either…or
> Show purpose – so
> Show condition – unless, if
 Logical Connectors
- in addition, furthermore
- therefore, consequently
- however, on the other hand
- similarly
 Sequence Connectors
- first, next, after that, then, before that
Articles
 A - singular countable noun /
consonant sounds
 AN - singular countable noun /
vowel sounds
 THE – referring to things mentioned
earlier / used for things which
is the only one
5 Types of Sentences

Declarative Sentences Rhetorical Sentences / Questions

- Statement - Questions or sentences that should
- Straightforward sentences not be answered
- Example: a) She is a girl. - Example: a) Are you out of your
b) I am a doctor. mind?
c) She is not my lecturer. b) How many times you
want me to tell you not to
Interrogative Sentences smoke in the house?
- Ask questions
- “Wh” questions
- Example: a) Do you like me?
b) Who are you?

Imperative Sentences
- Directives ( instructions )
- Example: a) Go home.
b) Please keep quiet.
c) Be careful.

Exclamation Sentences
- Exclamation mark ( ! )
- Expression
- Example: a) Oh my God!
b) My goodness!
c) I am shocked