Proofs of Trigonometric Identities

March 9, 2010

1 Premises
eiz − e−iz
sin z =
2i
eiz + e−iz
cos z =
2
sin z
tan z =
cos z

2 Symmetry
2.1 Reected in 0
e−iz − eiz
sin(−z) =
2i
= − sin(z)

e−iz + eiz
cos(−z) =
2
= cos(z)

− sin(z)
tan(−z) = = − tan(z)
cos(z)

1
2.2 Reected in π/2
π π
π e( 2 −z)i − e−( 2 −z)i
sin( − z) =
2 2i
π π
e 2 i e−iz − eiz e− 2 i
=
2i
ie−iz + ieiz
=
2i
eiz + e−iz
=
2
= cos(z)

π π
π e( 2 −z)i + e−( 2 −z)i
cos( − z) =
2 2
π π
e 2 i e−iz + eiz e− 2 i
=
2
ie−iz − ieiz
=
2
eiz − e−iz
=
2i
= sin(z)

π cos(z)
tan( − z) = = cot(z)
2 sin(z)

2.3 Reected in π
e(π−z)i − e−(π−z)i
sin(π − z) =
2i
eπi e−iz − eiz e−πi
=
2i
−e−iz + eiz
=
2i
= sin(z)

2
 e(π−z)i + e−(π−z)i
cos(π − z) =
2
eπi e−iz + eiz e−πi
=
2
−e−iz − eiz
=
2
= − cos(z)

sin(z)
tan(π − z) = = − tan(z)
− cos(z)

3 Shifts
3.1 Shifted in π/2
π π
π e(z+ 2 )i − e−(z+ 2 )i
sin(z + )=
2 2i
π π
eiz e 2 i − e−iz e− 2 i
=
2i
ieiz + ie−iz
=
2i
eiz + e−iz
=
2
= cos(z)

π π
π e(z+ 2 )i + e−(z+ 2 )i
cos(z + )=
2 2
π π
eiz e 2 i + e−iz e− 2 i
=
2
ie−iz − ieiz
=
2
e−iz − eiz
=
2i
= − sin(z)

π cos(z)
tan(z + )= = − cot(z)
2 − sin(z)

3
3.2 Shifted in π
e(z+π)i − e−(z+π)i
sin(z + π) =
2i
eiz eπi − e−iz e−πi
=
2i
−eiz + e−iz
=
2i
= − sin(z)

e(z+π)i + e−(z+π)i
cos(z + π) =
2
eiz eπi + e−iz e−πi
=
2
−eiz − e−iz
=
2
= − cos(z)

− sin(z)
tan(z + π) = = tan(z)
− cos(z)