Human Digestive System

Digestion
• Process of breaking down complex food to
simple molecules for absorption into the
blood circulatory system.
• 2 stages:-
– Physical digestion- big food are broken into
smaller pieces by teeth.
– Chemical digestion- enzymes break up complex
food molecules into smaller molecules.
 What is enzyme?
• Proteins that speed up the process of
digestion.
• Its break up complex food molecules to
smaller and simpler molecules.
 MOUTH
• Food is chewed and broken up into small
pieces by the teeth.
• Salivary gland secretes saliva.
• Saliva contains amilase (ptyalin).
• Amilase digests starch into maltose.
 Oesophagus
• Food (bollus) move along the oesophagus to
stomach by process known as peristalsis.
• No digestion occur because no enzymes
secreted.
• What is peristalsis??
 Stomach
• Food mixed with gastric juices.
• Gastric juices contain:-
– Hydrochloric acid
– Enzymes (pepsin and renin)
• Hydrochloric acid functions as:-
– Providing acidic medium for enzymic action.
– Killing bacteria in food.
– Neutralising the alkaline property of saliva.
• Pepsin digests protein into peptones.
• Resin coagulates milk for enzymic action of pepsin.
 Small Intestine
• Duodenum and ileum.
• Duodenum- receives bile and pancreatic juices.
• Bile- produced by liver and stored in gall
bladder. Flow from gall bladder into duodenum
through bile duct.
– Function of bile are:
• Emulsification of fat. (break large fat into small droplets)
• Preparation of an alkaline medium for enzymic action.
Continue….
• Pancreatic juices- amylase, protease, and lipase.
– Amylase digest starch into maltose.

– Protease digest peptones into amino acids.

– Lipase digests fat into fatty acids.

• Ileum produces enzymes to digest maltose into

glucose.
 Large intestine.
• Water is reabsorbed in the large intestines
(colon).
• Undigested food is expelled from the body
through anus as faeces.
  Make a summary of the process of digestion.
Places Of Secretion Enzymes Digestive action
Digestion
Mouth

Stomach

Duodenum

Ileum
Name the enzymes that digest:-
• starch :-
• Proteins:-
• Fats:-
The end products of digestions:
Class Of Food End product
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats